Equine Piroplasmosis is a tick-borne disease of equids caused by the pathogens Theileria equi and Babesia caballi. It is transmitted by ticks and can also spread via blood transfusions or contaminated equipment. Clinical signs range from mild to severe including fever, jaundice, and anemia. Diagnosis involves examining blood smears for the pathogens or conducting serological tests. Prevention focuses on reducing tick exposure through acaricide use and vegetation management as there is no vaccine. Treatment options depend on whether the country or region is endemic for the disease.
Toxocara vitulorum infection has been reported to have a cosmopolitan distribution in whole of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world with a moderate, continental climate. Parasitic diseases of dairy animals are a universal problem and considered one of the major obstacles in health and production performance of animals. Retarded growth, poor production of milk, meat, poor quality of skin and hides are known harmful effects of parasitic infections in bovines. This study was aimed to determine prevalence of Toxocara vitulorum in Ambo area Sankalefaris peasant association in cattle of different Age and sex group. Across sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of bovine ascariasis infection on 243 animals in Senkale Faris peasant association in Ambo district west Shewa zone. To achieve this; floatation techniques was employed. Based on this method about the overall prevalence was 243(63%) of which ages, and sex was a determinant factor Toxocara vitulorum. The known prevalence with age and sex category was <3 month,122(68%), 3-6 month, 70(61%), 6 month 30(12.3%) and 1 year 21(8.6%) p-value 0.000, from this we can say age of cattle has highly significant on enhancing the disease. In conclusion the result of the present study has revealed that there is high prevalence of ascariasis in calves, hence, appropriate treatment, control and owner’s awareness, should be implemented so that to increase the productivity of
cattle’s in the study area.
Mass vaccination, immunity and coverage: Modelling population protection agai...ILRI
Presentation by Theo Knight-Jones, S. Gubbins, A.N. Bulut, K.D.C. Stärk, D.U Pfeiffer, K.J. Sumption and D.J. Paton at the annual meeting of the Society of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Elsinore, Denmark, 16-18 March 2016.
This be my classroom work that I gotta do on the computer!!!!But,I be on #youtube,#Instagram,#Fcebook and,I know my teacher password to her computersTTU!!!:)
Pulse Polio is an immunization campaign established by the government of India to eliminate poliomyelitis (polio) in India by vaccinating all children under the age of five years against the polio virus.
The project fights polio through a large-scale , pulse vaccination programme and monitoring for poliomyelitis cases.
Vellore(Tamil Nadu) was the first Indian state to become 100% polio-free through the pulse strategy, and rest of India adopted the strategy in 1995.
this ppt contain history, causes, symptoms, who ,india , pulse polio programme, vaccination,future benefits of vaccination
How Twitter Saved My Life; Not Really, but Maybe?John Chen
My Ignite session for ASAE's annual conference, August 6-10 in St. Louis. The presentation is my story of how I used Twitter to save my life. It's really about turning online relationships into offline friends and networks.
The Youtube video of this presentation is available after the last slide.
Toxocara vitulorum infection has been reported to have a cosmopolitan distribution in whole of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world with a moderate, continental climate. Parasitic diseases of dairy animals are a universal problem and considered one of the major obstacles in health and production performance of animals. Retarded growth, poor production of milk, meat, poor quality of skin and hides are known harmful effects of parasitic infections in bovines. This study was aimed to determine prevalence of Toxocara vitulorum in Ambo area Sankalefaris peasant association in cattle of different Age and sex group. Across sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of bovine ascariasis infection on 243 animals in Senkale Faris peasant association in Ambo district west Shewa zone. To achieve this; floatation techniques was employed. Based on this method about the overall prevalence was 243(63%) of which ages, and sex was a determinant factor Toxocara vitulorum. The known prevalence with age and sex category was <3 month,122(68%), 3-6 month, 70(61%), 6 month 30(12.3%) and 1 year 21(8.6%) p-value 0.000, from this we can say age of cattle has highly significant on enhancing the disease. In conclusion the result of the present study has revealed that there is high prevalence of ascariasis in calves, hence, appropriate treatment, control and owner’s awareness, should be implemented so that to increase the productivity of
cattle’s in the study area.
Mass vaccination, immunity and coverage: Modelling population protection agai...ILRI
Presentation by Theo Knight-Jones, S. Gubbins, A.N. Bulut, K.D.C. Stärk, D.U Pfeiffer, K.J. Sumption and D.J. Paton at the annual meeting of the Society of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Elsinore, Denmark, 16-18 March 2016.
This be my classroom work that I gotta do on the computer!!!!But,I be on #youtube,#Instagram,#Fcebook and,I know my teacher password to her computersTTU!!!:)
Pulse Polio is an immunization campaign established by the government of India to eliminate poliomyelitis (polio) in India by vaccinating all children under the age of five years against the polio virus.
The project fights polio through a large-scale , pulse vaccination programme and monitoring for poliomyelitis cases.
Vellore(Tamil Nadu) was the first Indian state to become 100% polio-free through the pulse strategy, and rest of India adopted the strategy in 1995.
this ppt contain history, causes, symptoms, who ,india , pulse polio programme, vaccination,future benefits of vaccination
How Twitter Saved My Life; Not Really, but Maybe?John Chen
My Ignite session for ASAE's annual conference, August 6-10 in St. Louis. The presentation is my story of how I used Twitter to save my life. It's really about turning online relationships into offline friends and networks.
The Youtube video of this presentation is available after the last slide.
Droga rowerowa w ciągu ulic: Pionierów i PerseuszaRobert
Propozycja pisma do ZDM Gliwice w sprawie przebudowy ulic Pionierów i Perseusza na osiedlu Mikołaja Kopernika, a wraz z nimi ciągów pieszych i rowerowych
GD PI Campus Interview by international trainers:Grab that dream job now
Do you want to get the most coveted corporate job?
Learn corporate skills/soft skills/GD skills and interview skills.
Learn to express yourself most confidently.
We will help you realize your dream.
We produce winners.Be the part of winning team.
Branding: Who You Are is How You're Heard (5Q GROK Webinar Series)Five Q
This presentation by Steven Koster, Director of ReFrame Media was made in parntership with the 5Q GROK Webinar series - a monthly webinar - on the perception of an organization as a brand.
Important Zoonotic disease and its prevention and control By: Dr.Manoj karkimanojj123
Zoonosis are those disease and infection which are naturally transmitted between animals and human. (WHO & FAO, 1959).
Zoonosis word derived from Greek word “ZOO” means Animals and “NOSES” means Disease.
One Health is not a new concept, but it has become more important in recent years because many factors have changed the interaction among human, animals and the environment. These changes have caused the emergence and re-emergence of many disease.
local names, definition, etiology,epidemiology lifecycle, pathogenesis, clinical findings, necropsy finding, diagnosis,treatment, control and prevention
Rabies its transmission, clinical features and preventionmanojj123
Many people think that rabies is transmitted through only dog. But its not true, rabies is transmitted through not only dog, but also spread through bite or scratch from rabies infected animal like dog, bats, raccons, fox, monkeys etc.. Any open wound exposed saliva of infected animal can be potential source of infection.
Many European countries and North America have already eliminated rabies as a public health problem through mandatory vaccination of dog and good access to post exposure prophylaxis for human beings.
More than 95% of human death occurs in Asia/ Africa. And 99% of human rabies cases came from dogs. There is a small proportion of human rabies reported due to transmission via wild life (such as fox, wolves, jackels, raccoon, bats). Rabies kills more than 60,000 people each year (that is one death in every 9 minute) over 150 countries.
The threat of disease in urban and suburban areas are the primary focus of interest in the public health field since community health and safety affects all people. Murine typhus (Endemic typhus) is a zoonotic disease transmitted by arthropod vectors that prevails in urban and suburban areas globally.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
1. Equine Piroplasmosis<br />Lauren Lewis and Pete D. Teel<br />Department of Entomology<br />Texas A&M University<br />Introduction<br />Equine Piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease of equids (horses, mules, donkeys, and zebras) that was first reported in South Africa in the late 20th century. EP has also been referred to as biliary fever, equine babesiosis, and equine malaria. EP has a geographic distribution throughout parts of Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Central and South America, Mexico, the Caribbean and Europe. Countries such as the US, Canada, Japan, Iceland, New Zealand, and Australia are not endemic and have strict regulations to prevent the introduction of EP. The mortality rate varies between endemic and non-endemic countries. Depending on the condition of the horse, treatment, and pathogen, there is a 5 to 10 percent mortality rate among horses native to endemic countries. Naïve mature horses introduced into endemic countries have a 50 percent or greater mortality rate.<br />EP was considered eradicated from the US in 1988 and is now categorized as an exotic disease. A recent increase in awareness and surveillance of EP in the US was due in part to the discovery of infected horses on properties in Missouri, Texas and Florida. EP impacts breeding, working and performance horses through travel restrictions, quarantine, and serological testing requirements that vary from state to state. The recent increase in serologically positive horses has caused the development of control strategies and guidelines for managing infected and exposed horses. Seropositive horses are carriers of EP and although they exhibit no clinical symptoms, they still serve as a source of infection. Since there are no drugs or vaccines available to treat infected animals and provide protection, EP remains a major constraint to the movement of horses between states in the US and between countries. In the US, EP is a reportable disease requiring veterinarians to report suspect cases to state and federal authorities.<br />Transmission<br />EP is caused by the hemoprotozoan pathogens Theileria equi and Babesia caballi which are transmitted by tick-vectors that tend to be region specific. Infections with T. equi , which are more geographically widespread than with B. caballi, are transmitted by four Dermacentor species, four Hyalomma species, and five Rhipicephalus species. In contrast, Babesia caballi is known to be transmitted by seven Dermacentor species, six Hyalomma species, and two Rhipicephalus species. Dermacentor (Anocenter) nitens (the tropical horse tick) is the only known natural vector of B. caballi in the US and its distribution is limited to the southern parts of Florida and Texas. Experimental laboratory transmission of B. caballi and T. equi has been achieved with D. albipictus (winter tick), D. variabilis (American dog tick) and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (southern cattle tick).There is recent evidence from field collected ticks that Amblyomma cajennense and D. variabilis may be included as natural vectors of T. equi. The US has suitable climates for foreign tick vectors, thus vigilance in tick surveillance and animal testing are important elements of biosecurity. <br />In general, ticks become vectors of a disease when they ingest red blood cells while feeding on an infected host. The pathogens B. caballi and T. equi can be transmitted from one tick generation to the next via infection of the ovaries from the female tick, a process called transovarial transmission. They can also be transmitted from one stage to the next through transtadial infection, such as larva to nymph, or nymph to adult. An infected tick whose blood meal is interrupted by being groomed off of its original host may attach to another host (without molting) and successfully transmit these pathogens. <br />Tick vectors can be classified by their life cycle differences. Some tick vectors complete their life cycle by feeding as larva, nymph and adult on a single host animal over the course of 20-25 days and are referred to as one-host ticks. Other types of ticks require a separate blood meal for each stage and are classified as three-host ticks. After each blood meal these ticks return to the soil-vegetation environment to molt or to lay eggs. In the three-host tick life cycle, weeks to months may pass between blood meals taken on different host animals, thus sustaining a source of infection for extended periods. Since the three-host tick requires more animals in its life cycle, it may spread infection more quickly than the one-host tick if equines serve as the predominate hosts through multiple tick stages. <br />Both pathogens can also be transmitted via used needles, syringes, and blood transfusions. Contaminated dental or tattoo equipment can also transmit EP. Horses that serve as blood donors should be tested for EP. Poor biosecurity and risk management allows iatrogenic transmission of EP between horses. Occasionally, humans can be infected from ticks. <br />Clinical Signs<br />The clinical signs of EP vary from mild to severe. They include fever, anemia, jaundice, blood urine, and sudden death. Carriers of the infection in the chronic phase of the disease can appear normal. T. equi can cause transplacental infection, abortion, stillbirths and neonatal EP. Infections with T. equi are more severe than with B. caballi. Incubation period of EP is 12 to 19 days when caused by T. equi and 10 to 30 days when it is caused by B. caballi. A level of active immunity from disease develops following acute infection. Foals can acquire passive immunity through colostrums. Previously infected horses do not usually develop EP if re-infected. Infected horses remain infected for life. EP is most common in the summer and fall but cases can occur throughout the year, these seasonal changes are often associated with seasonal activities of tick vectors. <br />Diagnostic Testing<br />EP diagnostic tests vary due to the different stages of the infection. Parasites can be visualized with light microscopy of blood- smear preparations stained with Giemsa’s, Wright’s, or Diff-Quick stains. These preparations must be thoroughly examined as the number of infected cells may be low, even in acute cases. Babesia caballi exhibits large pyriform trophozoites, usually in pairs and joined at the posterior end, while T. equi usually exhibits swollen pyriform trophozoites, usually in tetrads or in the form of a Maltese Cross. Typically, from 1-10% of cells may be found parasitized in these preparations. Serological tests include complement fixation (CF), indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA), cELISA, and Western Blotting. The IFA test and the competitive ELISA are used for import testing. The IFA test can differentiate between T. equi and B. caballi. Before collecting or sending samples the proper authorities should be contacted, such as state or federal authorities. Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory offers testing for EP for intra-state and inter-state purposes. The National Veterinary Services Laboratory handles testing for suspect cases and international export. Molecular tests for detecting the presence of DNA specific to either B. caballi or T. equi have also been developed for research purposes. These tests rely upon the amplification of the DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers that cleave specific pieces of DNA unique to these pathogens, and subsequent identification by various methods including DNA sequencing. <br />Prevention<br />The first step in prevention is to assess the risk of exposure based upon country and regional status of EP case activity. In both endemic and EP-free countries, EP is controlled by pesticide use, vegetation free zones, avoidance of tick infested areas and pre-purchase exams. Pre-purchase examinations for ticks and testing for evidence of infection are imperative for controlling the movement of EP. Regularly using acaricide/insecticide treatments will help control the tick population as well as reducing animal contact with wildlife. It is necessary that animals are inspected after field exposure, paying particular attention to preferred tick feeding sites such as nasal openings, ears, mane, tail, perianal area, genital areas and auxiliaries. If ticks are found, safely remove and dispose of them. A variety of acaricides and formulations are available for protecting horses from ticks (http://tickapp.tamu.edu) and use of these materials should consider preferred feeding sites of ticks on equines. Weed and brush management around barns and paddocks is beneficial to minimize tick exposure by reducing tick habitat. With the proper steps, EP can be controlled.<br />Treatment<br />Approaches to treatment of EP depend on whether the country is endemic or non-endemic. In endemic countries, the goal is often control by treatment of the disease. In contrast, the goal in EP-free countries is to detect, confine and eliminate sources of infection. Imidocarb and diminazene are the most commonly used treatments but are not legal in US and their efficacy is questionable. In EP-free countries, infected animals are placed in quarantine and/or euthanized. <br />References:<br /> “Iowa State Center for Food Security & Public Health Brochure”http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/equine_piroplasmosis.pdf <br />“Gray Book on Foreign Animal Diseases”p. 147 “Babesiosis”http://www.aphis.usda.gov/emergency_response/downloads/nahems/fad.pdf<br />“USDA Website”<br />http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_diseases/piroplasmosis/<br />“Equine Babesiosis-Review”<br />http://www.vet.uga.edu/VPP/clerk/edwards/index.php<br />“The TickApp”, a mobile smart phone app for ticks of Texas and the Southern Region<br />http://tickapp.tamu.edu <br />USDA suggestions for “Protecting your horses”<br />http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_diseases/piroplasmosis/downloads/ep_protect_your_horses_en_sp.pdf<br />A Literature Review of Equine Piroplasmosis<br />http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_diseases/piroplasmosis/downloads/ep_literature_review_september_2010.pdf<br />Equine Piroplasmosis and the World Equestrian Games<br />http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_diseases/piroplasmosis/downloads/ep_2010_weg_wp.pdf<br />USDA, APHIS Factsheet<br />http://www.aphis.usda.gov/publications/animal_health/content/printable_version/fs_equine_piro.pdf<br />