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Anaplasmosis poster
- 1. Anaplasmosis: Zoono<c Disease of Regional Concern Introduc)on B. Flores and R. L. Stanko Anaplasmosis is a disease caused by several species of Department of Animal, Rangeland, and Wildlife Sciences Ixodes scapularis bacteria of the genus Anaplasma which in transferred Texas A&M University-‐Kingsville from host to host via the bite of a <ck (ADLF, 2010 ). The focus of this study is on the bacteria Anaplasma A. phagocytophilum morula ( cell grouping) phagocytophilum. Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a Diagnos)c Tests Adult Female Adult Male Nymph zoono<c pathogen that affects livestock, and both (LOPH-‐IDES, 2009) Figure 1. Size and appearance of adult female and male, and nymph lxodes scapularis. (by Taina Litwak, CMI, companion and wild animals such as caXle, deer, horses, Neutrophil (white blood cell) CDC) • The performance of an Indirect Fluorescent llamas, and mice (Ogden et al., 1998). Furthermore, an Treatment An<body (IFA) assay to detect an<bodies emphasis is made on the presence of this pathogen in against A. phagocytophilum. red blood cell A. phagocytophilum infec<on may be treated livestock species in the United States. Presence of this Wright-‐Giemsa blood smear/stain with the an<bio<c doxycycline (LOPH-‐IDES, pathogen in U.S. livestock herds has been aXributed to the • The use of a Polymerase Chain Reac<on 1000X magnifica<on Figure 2. Human blood cells stained with Wright-‐ 2009). <ck vectors lxodes scapularis (Figure 1) as well as Ixodes (PCR) assay to detect A. phagocytophilum Giemsa at 1000x magnifica<on. Normal red blood cells pacificus (Maurin et al., 2003). Anaplasmosis diseases DNA. and a neutrophil carrying a A. phogocytophilum morula. Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine. hBp://www.vetmed.auburn.edu/anaplasmosis_canine/feline caused by A. phagocytophilum are (CFSPH, 2005) • The detec<on of A. phagocytophilum in • Human Granulocy<c Ehrlichiosis blood leukocytes when stained and viewed Preven)on under a microscope (Figure 2). (CFSH, 2005) • Equine Granulocy<c Ehrlichiosis Figure 5. Equine Doxycycline Oral Suspension Prevent or Minimize Exposure to Rood Riddle Veterinary Pharmacy http://www.rrvp.com • Tick-‐borne Fever which affects ruminants such as sheep Ticks Research has also shown that rifampin may and caXle be an effec<ve alterna<ve for pregnant Signs and Symptoms • Wear protec<ve clothing when hun<ng women since doxycycline may cause bone or when in habitats where <cks are Human Granulocy)c Anaplasmosis (CFSPH, 2005). toxicity for the unborn child (Maurin et al., prevalent Common Severe symptoms include 2003). • Headache • Vomi<ng • Conjunc<vi<s • Use <ck preventa<ve products on • Kidney failure • Cardiomyopathy Acknowledgements • Fever • Diarrhea • Joint pain livestock, companion animals, and • Respiratory • Mul<ple organ failure T.B. Hairgrove, D.V.M. and P.D. Teel, Ph.D. • Malaise • Abdominal pain • Coughing around buildings/facili<es where these distress • Meningoencephali<s Funding provided by Na<onal Center for Foreign Animal and • Chills, • Anorexia • Confusion animals are kept Zoono<c Disease Defense • Opportunis<c Infec<ons • Seizures • Muscle aches • Photophobia • Rash in some cases • Hemorrhages • Livestock and pets may be treated • Coma References • Nausea with Acaricides (Figure 4) • ALDF. 2010. Other Tick-‐Borne Diseases. American Lyme Disease Founda<on, Inc. Available: hXp://www.aldf.com/Anaplasmosis.shtml. Accessed: March 9, 2011. Equine Granulocy)c Anaplasmosis (CFSPH, 2005). • CFSPH. 2005. Ehrlichiosis. Center for Food Security and Public Health. • Fever • Reluctance to move Available: hXp://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/ehrlichiosis.pdf. • Decreased appe<te distal limb Accessed: February 8, 2011. • Ataxia • Edema • LOPH-‐IDES. 2009. Ehrlichiosis/Anaplasmosis. Louisiana Office of Public Health-‐Infec<ous Disease Epidemiology Sec<on. Available: hXp:// • Depression • Transient ventricular www.dhh.louisiana.gov/offices/miscdocs/docs-‐249/Manual/ • Icterus arrhythmias EhrlichiosisManual.pdf. Accessed: March 9, 2011. • Petechia<on • Maurin, M., J.S. Bakken and J.S. Dulmer. 2003. An<bio<c Figure 3. Photograph of a <ck infested deer in Millburn Township, NJ suscep<bili<r4es o Anaplasma (Ehrlichia) phagocytophilum strains from Millburn Township Deer Management Task Force various geographic areas in the United States. An<microbial Agents and Tick-‐borne Fever (CFSPH, 2005). hXp://twp.millburn.nj.us/View-‐document/65-‐Deer-‐Task-‐Force Chemotherapy. 47: 413-‐415. CaBle Sheep Deer • Ogden, N.H., Z. Woldehiwet and C.A. Hart. 1998. Granulocy<c ehrlichiosis: an emerging or rediscovered <ck-‐borne disease? Journal of • Depression, • Fever • Increased respiratory rate • Decreased feed intake Medical Microbiology. 47: 475-‐482. • Anorexia, • Weight loss • Increased pulse rate • Depression • Tate, C.M., D.G. Mead, M.P. LuXrell, E.W. Hawerth, V.G. Dugan. U.G. • Decreased milk produc<on • Listlessness • Abor<on Munderloh and W.R. Davidson. 2005. Experimental infec<on of white tail • Reluctance to move deer with Anaplasma phagocytophilum e<ologic agent of Human • Respiratory dryness • Coughing • Reduced semen quality (Tate et al., 2005) Granulocy<c Anaplasmosis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. • Abor<ons Figure 4. An example of a commercially available acaricide for use in 43:3595-‐3601. livestock and companion animals. • Reduced semen quality