1. Anaplasmosis:
Zoono<c
Disease
of
Regional
Concern
Introduc)on
B.
Flores
and
R.
L.
Stanko
Anaplasmosis
is
a
disease
caused
by
several
species
of
Department
of
Animal,
Rangeland,
and
Wildlife
Sciences
Ixodes
scapularis
bacteria
of
the
genus
Anaplasma
which
in
transferred
Texas
A&M
University-‐Kingsville
from
host
to
host
via
the
bite
of
a
<ck
(ADLF,
2010
).
The
focus
of
this
study
is
on
the
bacteria
Anaplasma
A.
phagocytophilum
morula
(
cell
grouping)
phagocytophilum.
Anaplasma
phagocytophilum
is
a
Diagnos)c
Tests
Adult
Female
Adult
Male
Nymph
zoono<c
pathogen
that
affects
livestock,
and
both
(LOPH-‐IDES,
2009)
Figure
1.
Size
and
appearance
of
adult
female
and
male,
and
nymph
lxodes
scapularis.
(by
Taina
Litwak,
CMI,
companion
and
wild
animals
such
as
caXle,
deer,
horses,
Neutrophil
(white
blood
cell) CDC)
• The
performance
of
an
Indirect
Fluorescent
llamas,
and
mice
(Ogden
et
al.,
1998).
Furthermore,
an
Treatment
An<body
(IFA)
assay
to
detect
an<bodies
emphasis
is
made
on
the
presence
of
this
pathogen
in
against
A.
phagocytophilum.
red
blood
cell
A.
phagocytophilum
infec<on
may
be
treated
livestock
species
in
the
United
States.
Presence
of
this
Wright-‐Giemsa
blood
smear/stain
with
the
an<bio<c
doxycycline
(LOPH-‐IDES,
pathogen
in
U.S.
livestock
herds
has
been
aXributed
to
the
• The
use
of
a
Polymerase
Chain
Reac<on
1000X
magnifica<on
Figure
2.
Human
blood
cells
stained
with
Wright-‐ 2009).
<ck
vectors
lxodes
scapularis
(Figure
1)
as
well
as
Ixodes
(PCR)
assay
to
detect
A.
phagocytophilum
Giemsa
at
1000x
magnifica<on.
Normal
red
blood
cells
pacificus
(Maurin
et
al.,
2003).
Anaplasmosis
diseases
DNA.
and
a
neutrophil
carrying
a
A.
phogocytophilum
morula.
Auburn
University
College
of
Veterinary
Medicine.
hBp://www.vetmed.auburn.edu/anaplasmosis_canine/feline
caused
by
A.
phagocytophilum
are
(CFSPH,
2005)
• The
detec<on
of
A.
phagocytophilum
in
• Human
Granulocy<c
Ehrlichiosis
blood
leukocytes
when
stained
and
viewed
Preven)on
under
a
microscope
(Figure
2).
(CFSH,
2005)
• Equine
Granulocy<c
Ehrlichiosis
Figure
5.
Equine Doxycycline Oral Suspension
Prevent or Minimize Exposure to Rood Riddle Veterinary Pharmacy
http://www.rrvp.com
• Tick-‐borne
Fever
which
affects
ruminants
such
as
sheep
Ticks Research
has
also
shown
that
rifampin
may
and
caXle be
an
effec<ve
alterna<ve
for
pregnant
Signs
and
Symptoms
• Wear
protec<ve
clothing
when
hun<ng
women
since
doxycycline
may
cause
bone
or
when
in
habitats
where
<cks
are
Human
Granulocy)c
Anaplasmosis
(CFSPH,
2005).
toxicity
for
the
unborn
child
(Maurin
et
al.,
prevalent
Common
Severe
symptoms
include
2003).
• Headache
• Vomi<ng
• Conjunc<vi<s
• Use
<ck
preventa<ve
products
on
• Kidney
failure
• Cardiomyopathy
Acknowledgements
• Fever
• Diarrhea
• Joint
pain
livestock,
companion
animals,
and
• Respiratory
•
Mul<ple
organ
failure
T.B.
Hairgrove,
D.V.M.
and
P.D.
Teel,
Ph.D.
• Malaise
• Abdominal
pain
•
Coughing
around
buildings/facili<es
where
these
distress
• Meningoencephali<s
Funding
provided
by
Na<onal
Center
for
Foreign
Animal
and
• Chills,
• Anorexia
• Confusion
animals
are
kept
Zoono<c
Disease
Defense
• Opportunis<c
Infec<ons
•
Seizures
• Muscle
aches
• Photophobia
• Rash
in
some
cases
• Hemorrhages •
Livestock
and
pets
may
be
treated
• Coma References
• Nausea
with
Acaricides
(Figure
4)
• ALDF.
2010.
Other
Tick-‐Borne
Diseases.
American
Lyme
Disease
Founda<on,
Inc.
Available:
hXp://www.aldf.com/Anaplasmosis.shtml.
Accessed:
March
9,
2011.
Equine
Granulocy)c
Anaplasmosis
(CFSPH,
2005).
• CFSPH.
2005.
Ehrlichiosis.
Center
for
Food
Security
and
Public
Health.
• Fever
• Reluctance
to
move
Available:
hXp://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/ehrlichiosis.pdf.
• Decreased
appe<te
distal
limb
Accessed:
February
8,
2011.
•
Ataxia
•
Edema
• LOPH-‐IDES.
2009.
Ehrlichiosis/Anaplasmosis.
Louisiana
Office
of
Public
Health-‐Infec<ous
Disease
Epidemiology
Sec<on.
Available:
hXp://
•
Depression
• Transient
ventricular
www.dhh.louisiana.gov/offices/miscdocs/docs-‐249/Manual/
•
Icterus
arrhythmias
EhrlichiosisManual.pdf.
Accessed:
March
9,
2011.
• Petechia<on
• Maurin,
M.,
J.S.
Bakken
and
J.S.
Dulmer.
2003.
An<bio<c
Figure
3.
Photograph
of
a
<ck
infested
deer
in
Millburn
Township,
NJ
suscep<bili<r4es
o
Anaplasma
(Ehrlichia)
phagocytophilum
strains
from
Millburn
Township
Deer
Management
Task
Force
various
geographic
areas
in
the
United
States.
An<microbial
Agents
and
Tick-‐borne
Fever
(CFSPH,
2005).
hXp://twp.millburn.nj.us/View-‐document/65-‐Deer-‐Task-‐Force
Chemotherapy.
47:
413-‐415.
CaBle
Sheep
Deer
• Ogden,
N.H.,
Z.
Woldehiwet
and
C.A.
Hart.
1998.
Granulocy<c
ehrlichiosis:
an
emerging
or
rediscovered
<ck-‐borne
disease?
Journal
of
• Depression,
• Fever
• Increased
respiratory
rate
• Decreased
feed
intake
Medical
Microbiology.
47:
475-‐482.
• Anorexia,
• Weight
loss
•
Increased
pulse
rate
• Depression
• Tate,
C.M.,
D.G.
Mead,
M.P.
LuXrell,
E.W.
Hawerth,
V.G.
Dugan.
U.G.
• Decreased
milk
produc<on
• Listlessness
•
Abor<on
Munderloh
and
W.R.
Davidson.
2005.
Experimental
infec<on
of
white
tail
• Reluctance
to
move
deer
with
Anaplasma
phagocytophilum
e<ologic
agent
of
Human
• Respiratory
dryness
• Coughing • Reduced
semen
quality
(Tate
et
al.,
2005)
Granulocy<c
Anaplasmosis.
Journal
of
Clinical
Microbiology.
• Abor<ons
Figure
4.
An
example
of
a
commercially
available
acaricide
for
use
in
43:3595-‐3601.
livestock
and
companion
animals.
• Reduced
semen
quality
