The study examined the adoption of mustard production technology among 108 small farmers in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan from 2011-2012. It found that 50% of respondents had adopted the technology to a medium extent. Farmers were most aware of adopting high yielding varieties, time of sowing, seed rate and spacing, but less aware of soil treatment, weed management, and plant protection measures. Higher education, farm power, caste, occupation, social participation, family type, income, and housing pattern promoted greater adoption. Constraints included unavailability of fertilizers and improved seeds during peak seasons, complex weed control methods, high input costs, and pesticide residues reducing fodder availability.
A Critical Analysis of Banana Cultivation in Thoothukudi District of Tamil Naduijtsrd
Banana is a very popular fruit due to its low price and high nutritive value. The study was conducted at Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu. Two blocks in Thoothukudi were selected for this study and 120 respondents were selected from two villages in each block by proportionate random sampling method to assess the extent of knowledge and adoption of banana cultivation technologies by banana growers and also 40 banana growing farmers who adopted drip-irrigation system were selected as purposively for assessing the performance of drip-irrigation in banana cultivation. The study here explored the extent of knowledge and adoption level of banana growers and performance of drip-irrigation in banana cultivation. With respect to knowledge and adoption level of banana growers, majority of the respondents 54.17 per cent had high level of knowledge on banana cultivation technologies and 87.50 per cent had medium to high level of adoption of banana cultivation technologies. With regard to the performance of drip-irrigation in banana cultivation, the benefits as perceived by the drip adopted banana growers were reduced weed growth, less labour requirement for irrigation, weed management, fertilizer application and also increases the water use efficiency. These studies also suggested that necessary follow up help should be given to the drip adopted banana growers after installation by the company and impart trainings to banana growers on maintenance of drip-irrigation equipment. N. Amaladeepan | J. Pushpa"A Critical Analysis of Banana Cultivation in Thoothukudi District of Tamil Nadu" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15816.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/15816/a-critical-analysis-of-banana-cultivation-in-thoothukudi-district-of-tamil-nadu/n-amaladeepan
Study on Adoption Behaviour of Flower Growers and their Level of Economic Ins...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— There is no need to emphasis that floriculture is an important agribusiness gaining commercial importance in the vital scenario of Indian agriculture. India being a tropical country has several advantages in floriculture production. Adoption studies are also useful for illustrating the degree to which acceptance of new technologies is limited by insufficient inputs, credit, or marketing infrastructure. If it appears that farmers are unable to take advantage of a new technology because they lack inputs, this information can be presented to policymakers who have responsibility for the agricultural inputs that are available and the way they are distributed. After the study if adoption behaviour shows that access to credit significantly influences the type of technology that farmers use, then this information may be presented to those responsible for designing and funding credit programmes. Similarly, adoption studies may be used to highlight marketing bottlenecks that limit the acceptability of new technologies. Looking is the importance of flower production in Indore district, the personnel of NHM programme provided various extension programmes and facilities for its development. The programme has completed many years, hence, it was felt appropriate to know the adoption behaviour of flowers growers and their level of economic inspiration under NHM. Therefore, a study has been designed, Study showed that out of the total flower growers, the highest proportion of the flower growers 40.00 per cent found to be perceived partial level of economic inspiration followed by perfect level of economic inspiration 32.50 per cent and least level of economic inspiration 27.50 per cent respectively.
Poster presentation at the 4th International Rice Congress
Authors: Ngawang Chhogyel (presenter), Mahesh Ghimiray and Yadunath Bajgai
Title: Application of SRI Principles to Sustainable Rice Production in Bhutan
Venue: Bangkok International Trade and Exhibition Centre (BITEC), Bangkok, Thailand
Date: October 28-31, 2014
A Critical Analysis of Banana Cultivation in Thoothukudi District of Tamil Naduijtsrd
Banana is a very popular fruit due to its low price and high nutritive value. The study was conducted at Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu. Two blocks in Thoothukudi were selected for this study and 120 respondents were selected from two villages in each block by proportionate random sampling method to assess the extent of knowledge and adoption of banana cultivation technologies by banana growers and also 40 banana growing farmers who adopted drip-irrigation system were selected as purposively for assessing the performance of drip-irrigation in banana cultivation. The study here explored the extent of knowledge and adoption level of banana growers and performance of drip-irrigation in banana cultivation. With respect to knowledge and adoption level of banana growers, majority of the respondents 54.17 per cent had high level of knowledge on banana cultivation technologies and 87.50 per cent had medium to high level of adoption of banana cultivation technologies. With regard to the performance of drip-irrigation in banana cultivation, the benefits as perceived by the drip adopted banana growers were reduced weed growth, less labour requirement for irrigation, weed management, fertilizer application and also increases the water use efficiency. These studies also suggested that necessary follow up help should be given to the drip adopted banana growers after installation by the company and impart trainings to banana growers on maintenance of drip-irrigation equipment. N. Amaladeepan | J. Pushpa"A Critical Analysis of Banana Cultivation in Thoothukudi District of Tamil Nadu" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15816.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/15816/a-critical-analysis-of-banana-cultivation-in-thoothukudi-district-of-tamil-nadu/n-amaladeepan
Study on Adoption Behaviour of Flower Growers and their Level of Economic Ins...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— There is no need to emphasis that floriculture is an important agribusiness gaining commercial importance in the vital scenario of Indian agriculture. India being a tropical country has several advantages in floriculture production. Adoption studies are also useful for illustrating the degree to which acceptance of new technologies is limited by insufficient inputs, credit, or marketing infrastructure. If it appears that farmers are unable to take advantage of a new technology because they lack inputs, this information can be presented to policymakers who have responsibility for the agricultural inputs that are available and the way they are distributed. After the study if adoption behaviour shows that access to credit significantly influences the type of technology that farmers use, then this information may be presented to those responsible for designing and funding credit programmes. Similarly, adoption studies may be used to highlight marketing bottlenecks that limit the acceptability of new technologies. Looking is the importance of flower production in Indore district, the personnel of NHM programme provided various extension programmes and facilities for its development. The programme has completed many years, hence, it was felt appropriate to know the adoption behaviour of flowers growers and their level of economic inspiration under NHM. Therefore, a study has been designed, Study showed that out of the total flower growers, the highest proportion of the flower growers 40.00 per cent found to be perceived partial level of economic inspiration followed by perfect level of economic inspiration 32.50 per cent and least level of economic inspiration 27.50 per cent respectively.
Poster presentation at the 4th International Rice Congress
Authors: Ngawang Chhogyel (presenter), Mahesh Ghimiray and Yadunath Bajgai
Title: Application of SRI Principles to Sustainable Rice Production in Bhutan
Venue: Bangkok International Trade and Exhibition Centre (BITEC), Bangkok, Thailand
Date: October 28-31, 2014
An Overview of the System of Rice Intensification for Paddy Fields of MalaysiaRedmond R. Shamshiri
Objectives: The objective of this paper was to present a general overview of rice agronomic practices and transplanting operations by considering the interactions of soil, plant, and machine relationship in line with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) cultivation practice. Methods: Some of the problems challenging Malaysian rice growers, as well as yield increase and total rice production in the last four decades, were first addressed and discussed. The trend in the world rice production between 1961 and 2014 was used to predict the production in 2020 and to show that Southeast Asian countries are expected to increase their production by 27.2%. Findings: A consistently increasing pattern from 3.1 tons/ha during 1981 to 4.1 tons/ha in 2014 was observed in the rice yield of Malaysia due to the advances in technology and improved farming operations coupled with integrated management and control of resources. Various literature were reviewed and their findings of the best transplanting practices were summarized to discuss how SRI contributes to the production of higher rice yield with improved transplanting practices through a more effective root system. Our review shows that wider spacing, availability of solar radiation, medium temperature, soil aeration, and nutrient supply promote shorter Phyllochrons which increase the number of tillers in rice. In this regard, modification and development of a transplanter that complies with SRI specification require determination of optimum transplanting spacing, seed rate, and planting pattern to significantly improve yield. Improvement: It was concluded that for maximum yield, the SRI method in Malaysia should emphasize on the planting of one seedling per hill with space of 0.25 m for optimum water consumption, nutrient and pest management.
Assessment and Refinement of Hybrid Rice Seed Production Technology in Farmer...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Survey in hybrid rice seed production areas of Karimnagar and Warangal district were collected and the information revealed that major deviations in farmer’s practice as compared with the technology being recommended by the ANGRAU/ DRR. The per cent increase over ANGRAU/DRR practice used for hybrid seed production of paddy by farmers practice were 3.39, 31.15 and 28.04 for filled spikelets panicle-1, spikelet fertility an dgrain yield respectively. Further farmers practice has shown better performance for quality hybrid rice production than ANGRAU practice.
Wheat being major crop is great source of nutrition food in Pakistan. Despite its importance from economic and agricultural point of view, the government negligence, certain market and non market factors affected its production, consequently small farmers have suffered badly. A survey research study was conducted on wheat crop during 2014 to find out cultivated area, yield, farm production, stored, sold and price at Sakrand, Sindh. Results demonstrated that minimum cultivated area 01 acre, yield 22 mds acre-1 and production 45 mds farm-1 and maximum cultivated area 70 acres, yield 60 mds acre-1 and production 2800 mds farm-1 were recorded, while mean cultivated area 9.79 acres, yield 44.1 mds acre-1 and production 428.2 mds farm-1 were noted. In case of storage and quantity sold, the maximum 100 mds, minimum 15 mds and mean 52.71 mds stored by the farmers for family food purposes and greater grain yield 2725 mds, reduced 25 mds and mean 375.49 mds were sold. The higher price Rs. 1200 m-1, lower Rs. 950 m-1 and mean Rs. 106.36 m-1 were measured, while, more income Rs. 62563, reduced Rs. 18375 and average Rs. 37869.35 acre-1 were observed. In case of income farm-1, the highest Rs. 2861250, lowest Rs. 26500 and mean Rs. 399571.71 farm-1 were noted. Whereas, economic analysis of wheat showed average Rs. 51305 gross, 28976 net revenue and Rs. 1.29 benefit on invested rupee-1. The results depict that small farmers are producing lower quantity and getting lower wheat prices due to soil environmental and market factors. Government through policy intervention by subsidy for small farmers may enhance wheat productivity in the study area.
Traditional Agronomic Practices for Typical Land Classes in the Context of Cl...Sai Bhaskar Reddy Nakka
Traditional Agronomic Practices for Typical Land Classes in the Context of Climate Variability. Situational analysis over a period of time in the two villages in the semi-arid drought-prone area in southern India.
Assessing knowledge of gram growers apropos their different package of practicesinventionjournals
The Management of Package of Practices of any crop plays a key role in its production. The important package of practices on which they were having high technological gap were insect management (46.55%) in Jabalpur and (45.77%) in Narsinghpur district, weed management (45.41%) in Jabalpur and (43.19%) in Narsinghpur district, seed treatment (41.80%) in Jabalpur and (41.85%) in Narsinghpur district, disease management (40.33%) in Jabalpur and (40.44%) in Narsinghpur district, seed selection (36.66%) in Jabalpur and (37.40%) in Narsinghpur district. Thus, it was suggested that a separate study on assessment of knowledge and adoption of components of gram production practices may be conducted to give wide predictability and consistency of results
National Chickpea Innovation Platform: Way forward in EthiopiaTropical Legumes III
Bringing together all actors in the chickpea value chain was a key focus for setting up a National Chickpea Innovation Platform. Other new initiatives include enhancing chickpea productivity and marketing based on the targets of the Ethiopian Growth and Transformation Plan 2 (GTP2) and enhancing household consumption for nutrition and food security– were discussed at a recent workshop in Ethiopia.
Poster at the 4th International Rice Congress
Authors: Shigeki Yokoyama and Takeshi Sakurai
Title: Participation and Impact of Rice Cultivation Training: The Case of SRI in Madagascar
Venue: Bangkok International Trade and Exhibition Centre (BITEC), Bangkok, Thailand
Date: October 28-31, 2014
A Survey Study on Farmers’ Attitude Regarding Strawberry CultivationPremier Publishers
The major objective of this study was to explore the attitude and determine the contribution of the selected characteristics of the farmers on their attitude regarding strawberry cultivation. The selected characteristics were age, level of education, farm size, strawberry cultivation area, annual family income, income from strawberry cultivation, training exposure, extension contact, strawberry cultivation experience, problem faced in strawberry cultivation, knowledge and practice on strawberry cultivation. Data were collected from 113 farmers from two villages (Shahapur and Mirkamari) of Charghat Upazila under Rajshahi District by using a pretested interview schedule. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, range and percentage were used to describe the variables under consideration. Stepwise multiple regressions were used to examine the contribution of the selected characteristics of the farmers on their attitude regarding strawberry cultivation using SPSS software. Overwhelming 97.3% of the respondents had a low to high favorable attitude towards strawberry cultivation. Where, 51.3% farmers had a medium favorable attitude, 40.7% had a low favorable attitude and 5.3% farmers had a high favorable attitude. Stepwise multiple regressions exposed that knowledge on strawberry cultivation, Problem faced in strawberry cultivation, Strawberry cultivation experience, age, level of education and income from strawberry cultivation of the strawberry farmers had significant contribution on their attitude towards strawberry cultivation and which contribute 63.4% of the total variation. The percentages of favorable attitudes among the farmers are satisfactory but the study recommended that proper support of extension agents should be given in each step of strawberry cultivation, postharvest management and marketing period to keep up the positive attitude of the farmers.
Estimating productivity gap and contribution of wheat productionsanaullah noonari
Shaheed Benazirabad farmers were divided into groups named high yield group, medium yield group and low
yield group. The farmers applied an average of 45.27 kg, 45.82 kg and45.18 kg seed per acre respectively.
Though, there is not a very large difference in average seed used by both farmer groups but the later used less
quantity of wheat seed per acre to some extent. The impact of different factors on these groups was measured
through multiple liner regression models. It was found that there exists a yield gap of 17.84 mounds per acre
between high yield group and research station. The yield gap between medium and high group was 8.02 Mds per
acre while the yield gap between medium group and low yield group was 5.93 Mds per acre. The standard error
of estimates F-statics and R-square for high yield group was 0.0623, 2.470 and 0.398 respectively, for medium
yield group 0.0314, 3.231 and 0.486 respectively and for low yield group 0.056, 1.342 and 0.345 respectively.
The other objective of the study was to calculate the growth rate of wheat in District Shaheed Benazirabad
Sindh. The exponential function was used to calculate the growth rate. It was found during study that the growth
rate of wheat in Pakistan was 2.59%, 2.94% growth of wheat in Sindh and in District Shaheed Benazirabad was -
1.17%, 9.75% respectively.
Keywords: Wheat, Productivity, yield gap, F-statics, R-square, Benazirabad, Pakistan.
Agronomic status of Sesame/Thala (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivations in dry reg...Innspub Net
A farmer interview (n=251) was conducted in five Sesame growing districts in dry regions of Sri Lanka (Anuradhapura, Ampara, Hambanthota, Mannar, and Puttalam) to identify the agronomic aspects of Sesame cultivation. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data and the Index of Qualitative Variation (IQV) was calculated to describe and compare the variation within and among the distributions of nominal variables. Results showed that Sesame was mainly grown in Yala season (March to August) of Sri Lanka as a secondary crop to maintain the agricultural lands for primary crops grown during Maha season (November to February). Many farmers were not aware on the Sesame cultivars developed by the Department of Agriculture and had received limited advice on cultivation practices. White seeded Sesame was mainly grown in Hambanthota (South Eastern) while black seeded Sesame was more common in Puttalam and Mannar districts (North Western) of Sri Lanka. Farmer’s selection of Sesame variety was mainly based on the availability of seeds. Sesame was mainly cultivated in small scale (<5 ha) in all the study areas and the production was less than 1t/ha. Application of fertilizer or insecticides during crop growth was rarely recorded and weedicides were often used only during land preparation. Sesame is currently an underutilized crop grown in marginal lands utilizing minimum human resources and agrochemical inputs. High potential for expansion of Sesame cultivation in Sri Lanka on degraded dry lands as ‘organic by default’ was exhibited with dedication of farmers engaged in small scale crop cultivation in the dry zone of Sri Lanka.
Banana is the most widely consumed fruit, and is an attractive perennial fruit crop for small farmers. This is due to its high economic gains throughout the year
compared to other crops like rice and wheat. Apart from the imputed value of family effort, the other effects like cost of production, on the whole income etc., are not
favorable to the small farmers. Their agricultural lands depend on torrential rains. The greater parts of the lands are rain-fed areas. If the monsoon fails, then the
farmers will be in hitch. In these circumstances, the government should shore up the agriculturists by granting financial assistance. Different strategies should be
adopted to reduce the losses taking place out of high humid content of the banana. The banana is also fatally affected by some ailment. Therefore, an enduring research
station may be elevated to protect the banana from various syndromes. By examining various research results as one; the government generates awareness among the
farmers concerning banana cultivation and may push more farmers to cultivate this precious food, which is greatly vital in our habitual diet system. Among 29 districts
of Tamil Nadu, Thoothukudi district ranks first in exporting banana. So thoothukudi district is selected for the present study.
Benefits and Constraints of Rice Mechanization in Thamirabarani Command Area ...ijtsrd
The study was aimed to assess the perceived opinion of rice growers on benefits and also the constraints encountered by the rice growers on farm mechanization. A sample of 160 rice growers from eight villages in Thamirabarani command area was selected for the study. The respondents were interviewed personally through a well-structured and pre-tested interview schedule. The study revealed that the Overall Mean Opinion Score was 3.91 which indicated that farm mechanization was beneficial to the rice growers in many aspects. The major benefits of farm mechanization as perceived by the respondents were farm mechanization helped in operating agricultural works quickly (MOS 4.97), performing farm operations in time (MOS 4.86), overcoming labour shortage problem (MOS 4.75), minimizing work burden of labours (MOS 4.61) and improving working condition of farmers (MOS 4.03). Regarding constraints, most of the respondents expressed lack of credit facilities (98.75 per cent), high fuel cost (98.75 per cent), high initial cost (97.50 per cent), low resale value for farm implements and machineries (97.50 per cent), high maintenance cost (95.00 per cent), lack of training (94.38 per cent) and lack of skilled labourers for operating improved farm implements and machineries (93.13 per cent) as the constraints in rice mechanization. P. Panneer Selvam | Dr. S. Somasundaram"Benefits and Constraints of Rice Mechanization in Thamirabarani Command Area of Tamil Nadu" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15822.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/15822/benefits-and-constraints-of-rice-mechanization-in-thamirabarani-command-area-of-tamil-nadu/p-panneer-selvam
The HortFlora Research Spectrum (HRS), is an international-peer reviewed, open access journal that serves as a forum for the exchange and dissemination of R & D advances and innovations in all facets of Horticultural Science (Pomology, Olericulture, Floriculture, Post Harvest Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Medicinal & Aromatic Plants etc.) and its allied branches on an international level.
HRS is officially published quarterly (March, June, September and December) every year, in English (print & online version), under the keen auspices of Biosciences & Agriculture Advancement Society (BAAS), Meerut (India).
Aims & Scope
The main objective of the journal ‘HortFlora Research Spectrum’ is to serve as a platform to promote, publish and disseminate the R & D innovations and advances in all aspects of Horticultural Sciences and allied branches of botanical sciences & technology, and to facilitate closer interaction among the academicians, researchers and entrepreneurs at global scale.
The journal HortFlora Research Spectrum (HRS), having International impact (ICV: 27.39; GIF: 0.364), publishes high quality peer reviewed/refereed original research papers, review articles and research notes on all aspects of Horticultural plants’ research including agronomic management, plant nutrition, biotechnology, crop improvement, plant protection, plant physiology, cell & molecular biology, medicinal & aromatic plants, food & nutrition science, agroforestry, environmental science, plant medicinal properties, ethno-phytomedicine, technology dissemination etc.
The Journal isIndexed/Abstracted in:
• Index Copernicus International, Poland with ICV: 27.39 • Ministry of Science & Higher Education, Poland with 02 points • Global Impact Factor with GIF 0.364• Indian Science Abstracts • CAB Abstracts • CABI Full text • CAB direct • ICRISAT-infoSAT • Google Scholar• CiteFactor • InfoBase Index • ResearchBib • AgBiotech Net • Horticultural Science Abstracts • Forestry & Agroforestry Abstracts• Agric. Engg. Abstracts • Crop Physiology Abstracts • PGRs Abstracts • ResearchGate.net • getCited.com • Reference Repository • EBSCO host •OAJI.net • Journal Index.net• University of Washington Library • University of Ottawa Library • Swedish University of Agric. Sci. Library, Stockholm, Sweden; Univ. of Prince Edward, Island.
Call for Papers
We would like to invite to the researchers/subject experts to contribute original research/review paper for peer-review and the earliest possible publication in the HortFlora Research Spectrum. HRS publishes high-quality solicited and unsolicited articles, in English, in all areas of horticultural sciences. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Manuscript/paper may be submitted online as MS word attachment to the editorial office via e-mail to: submit.hortflorajournal2013@
analysis and determinants of profit efficiency of cassava farmersIJEAB
A study on the analysis and determinants of profit efficiency of cassava farmers in Cross River State, Nigeria was carried out using the stochastic frontier profit function of Cobb-Douglas functional form. Data for the study were collected from primary sources with the aid of a set of structured and pre-tested questionnaires. For the determinants of profit efficiency, the minimum and maximum profit efficiency was 0.14 and 0.91 respectively with mean profit efficiency of 0.65. The mean profit efficiency implies that farmers were able to obtain 65% of their potential profit from a unit mix of inputs. In other words, about 35% of the profit is lost to inefficiency of management. Thus in the short run, there is a scope for increasing profit from cassava production by 35%. Age (0.37), education (0.67) and household size (0.58) had positive impact on profit inefficiency. The analysis of profit inefficiency effect showed a significant gamma (γ = 0.86). This implies that 86% deviation from maximum profit obtainable was as a result of inefficiency of the farmers rather than random error or variability. The signs and significance of the estimated coefficients in the inefficiency model have important implication on profit efficiency of the farmers. It is recommended that farmers should be encouraged to invest in cassava production for its profitability and economic value, inputs should be made available and at affordable prices especially improved varieties of cassava cuttings and cassava farmers should be encouraged to receive training on proper agronomic practices and usage of inputs to enhance profit efficiency of input use.
An excellent presentation on System of Rice Intensification.
Uphoff, N.T. - "Increasing Water Savings while Raising Rice Yields with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI)", presented for Panel on Water Productivity and Reuse at the 2nd International Rice Congress New Delhi, October 9-13, 2006. (see also accompanying
Original Source: http://www.wassan.org/sri/Useful_Links.htm#Videos%20and%20Slide%20Presentations
Presenting the key points, the technicalities, and statistics with lots of image sources, and case studies across the globe.
Productivity of Horticulture in Remote Tribal Areas of Andhra Pradeshijtsrd
The present study reveals that horticultural crops i.e. mango, guava, banana, pineapple, etc. in remote agency area of Andhra Pradesh state, productivity of horticulture helps to reduce an extensive deforestation. The qualitative data collected from 45 key informants both sexes belonging to tribal population of the Kurnool, Prakasam, Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram and Srikakulam districts. For data collection, observation and interview methods employed. Appalanaidu Pappala "Productivity of Horticulture in Remote Tribal Areas of Andhra Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20253.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/20253/productivity-of-horticulture-in-remote-tribal-areas-of-andhra-pradesh/appalanaidu-pappala
An Overview of the System of Rice Intensification for Paddy Fields of MalaysiaRedmond R. Shamshiri
Objectives: The objective of this paper was to present a general overview of rice agronomic practices and transplanting operations by considering the interactions of soil, plant, and machine relationship in line with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) cultivation practice. Methods: Some of the problems challenging Malaysian rice growers, as well as yield increase and total rice production in the last four decades, were first addressed and discussed. The trend in the world rice production between 1961 and 2014 was used to predict the production in 2020 and to show that Southeast Asian countries are expected to increase their production by 27.2%. Findings: A consistently increasing pattern from 3.1 tons/ha during 1981 to 4.1 tons/ha in 2014 was observed in the rice yield of Malaysia due to the advances in technology and improved farming operations coupled with integrated management and control of resources. Various literature were reviewed and their findings of the best transplanting practices were summarized to discuss how SRI contributes to the production of higher rice yield with improved transplanting practices through a more effective root system. Our review shows that wider spacing, availability of solar radiation, medium temperature, soil aeration, and nutrient supply promote shorter Phyllochrons which increase the number of tillers in rice. In this regard, modification and development of a transplanter that complies with SRI specification require determination of optimum transplanting spacing, seed rate, and planting pattern to significantly improve yield. Improvement: It was concluded that for maximum yield, the SRI method in Malaysia should emphasize on the planting of one seedling per hill with space of 0.25 m for optimum water consumption, nutrient and pest management.
Assessment and Refinement of Hybrid Rice Seed Production Technology in Farmer...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Survey in hybrid rice seed production areas of Karimnagar and Warangal district were collected and the information revealed that major deviations in farmer’s practice as compared with the technology being recommended by the ANGRAU/ DRR. The per cent increase over ANGRAU/DRR practice used for hybrid seed production of paddy by farmers practice were 3.39, 31.15 and 28.04 for filled spikelets panicle-1, spikelet fertility an dgrain yield respectively. Further farmers practice has shown better performance for quality hybrid rice production than ANGRAU practice.
Wheat being major crop is great source of nutrition food in Pakistan. Despite its importance from economic and agricultural point of view, the government negligence, certain market and non market factors affected its production, consequently small farmers have suffered badly. A survey research study was conducted on wheat crop during 2014 to find out cultivated area, yield, farm production, stored, sold and price at Sakrand, Sindh. Results demonstrated that minimum cultivated area 01 acre, yield 22 mds acre-1 and production 45 mds farm-1 and maximum cultivated area 70 acres, yield 60 mds acre-1 and production 2800 mds farm-1 were recorded, while mean cultivated area 9.79 acres, yield 44.1 mds acre-1 and production 428.2 mds farm-1 were noted. In case of storage and quantity sold, the maximum 100 mds, minimum 15 mds and mean 52.71 mds stored by the farmers for family food purposes and greater grain yield 2725 mds, reduced 25 mds and mean 375.49 mds were sold. The higher price Rs. 1200 m-1, lower Rs. 950 m-1 and mean Rs. 106.36 m-1 were measured, while, more income Rs. 62563, reduced Rs. 18375 and average Rs. 37869.35 acre-1 were observed. In case of income farm-1, the highest Rs. 2861250, lowest Rs. 26500 and mean Rs. 399571.71 farm-1 were noted. Whereas, economic analysis of wheat showed average Rs. 51305 gross, 28976 net revenue and Rs. 1.29 benefit on invested rupee-1. The results depict that small farmers are producing lower quantity and getting lower wheat prices due to soil environmental and market factors. Government through policy intervention by subsidy for small farmers may enhance wheat productivity in the study area.
Traditional Agronomic Practices for Typical Land Classes in the Context of Cl...Sai Bhaskar Reddy Nakka
Traditional Agronomic Practices for Typical Land Classes in the Context of Climate Variability. Situational analysis over a period of time in the two villages in the semi-arid drought-prone area in southern India.
Assessing knowledge of gram growers apropos their different package of practicesinventionjournals
The Management of Package of Practices of any crop plays a key role in its production. The important package of practices on which they were having high technological gap were insect management (46.55%) in Jabalpur and (45.77%) in Narsinghpur district, weed management (45.41%) in Jabalpur and (43.19%) in Narsinghpur district, seed treatment (41.80%) in Jabalpur and (41.85%) in Narsinghpur district, disease management (40.33%) in Jabalpur and (40.44%) in Narsinghpur district, seed selection (36.66%) in Jabalpur and (37.40%) in Narsinghpur district. Thus, it was suggested that a separate study on assessment of knowledge and adoption of components of gram production practices may be conducted to give wide predictability and consistency of results
National Chickpea Innovation Platform: Way forward in EthiopiaTropical Legumes III
Bringing together all actors in the chickpea value chain was a key focus for setting up a National Chickpea Innovation Platform. Other new initiatives include enhancing chickpea productivity and marketing based on the targets of the Ethiopian Growth and Transformation Plan 2 (GTP2) and enhancing household consumption for nutrition and food security– were discussed at a recent workshop in Ethiopia.
Poster at the 4th International Rice Congress
Authors: Shigeki Yokoyama and Takeshi Sakurai
Title: Participation and Impact of Rice Cultivation Training: The Case of SRI in Madagascar
Venue: Bangkok International Trade and Exhibition Centre (BITEC), Bangkok, Thailand
Date: October 28-31, 2014
A Survey Study on Farmers’ Attitude Regarding Strawberry CultivationPremier Publishers
The major objective of this study was to explore the attitude and determine the contribution of the selected characteristics of the farmers on their attitude regarding strawberry cultivation. The selected characteristics were age, level of education, farm size, strawberry cultivation area, annual family income, income from strawberry cultivation, training exposure, extension contact, strawberry cultivation experience, problem faced in strawberry cultivation, knowledge and practice on strawberry cultivation. Data were collected from 113 farmers from two villages (Shahapur and Mirkamari) of Charghat Upazila under Rajshahi District by using a pretested interview schedule. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, range and percentage were used to describe the variables under consideration. Stepwise multiple regressions were used to examine the contribution of the selected characteristics of the farmers on their attitude regarding strawberry cultivation using SPSS software. Overwhelming 97.3% of the respondents had a low to high favorable attitude towards strawberry cultivation. Where, 51.3% farmers had a medium favorable attitude, 40.7% had a low favorable attitude and 5.3% farmers had a high favorable attitude. Stepwise multiple regressions exposed that knowledge on strawberry cultivation, Problem faced in strawberry cultivation, Strawberry cultivation experience, age, level of education and income from strawberry cultivation of the strawberry farmers had significant contribution on their attitude towards strawberry cultivation and which contribute 63.4% of the total variation. The percentages of favorable attitudes among the farmers are satisfactory but the study recommended that proper support of extension agents should be given in each step of strawberry cultivation, postharvest management and marketing period to keep up the positive attitude of the farmers.
Estimating productivity gap and contribution of wheat productionsanaullah noonari
Shaheed Benazirabad farmers were divided into groups named high yield group, medium yield group and low
yield group. The farmers applied an average of 45.27 kg, 45.82 kg and45.18 kg seed per acre respectively.
Though, there is not a very large difference in average seed used by both farmer groups but the later used less
quantity of wheat seed per acre to some extent. The impact of different factors on these groups was measured
through multiple liner regression models. It was found that there exists a yield gap of 17.84 mounds per acre
between high yield group and research station. The yield gap between medium and high group was 8.02 Mds per
acre while the yield gap between medium group and low yield group was 5.93 Mds per acre. The standard error
of estimates F-statics and R-square for high yield group was 0.0623, 2.470 and 0.398 respectively, for medium
yield group 0.0314, 3.231 and 0.486 respectively and for low yield group 0.056, 1.342 and 0.345 respectively.
The other objective of the study was to calculate the growth rate of wheat in District Shaheed Benazirabad
Sindh. The exponential function was used to calculate the growth rate. It was found during study that the growth
rate of wheat in Pakistan was 2.59%, 2.94% growth of wheat in Sindh and in District Shaheed Benazirabad was -
1.17%, 9.75% respectively.
Keywords: Wheat, Productivity, yield gap, F-statics, R-square, Benazirabad, Pakistan.
Agronomic status of Sesame/Thala (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivations in dry reg...Innspub Net
A farmer interview (n=251) was conducted in five Sesame growing districts in dry regions of Sri Lanka (Anuradhapura, Ampara, Hambanthota, Mannar, and Puttalam) to identify the agronomic aspects of Sesame cultivation. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data and the Index of Qualitative Variation (IQV) was calculated to describe and compare the variation within and among the distributions of nominal variables. Results showed that Sesame was mainly grown in Yala season (March to August) of Sri Lanka as a secondary crop to maintain the agricultural lands for primary crops grown during Maha season (November to February). Many farmers were not aware on the Sesame cultivars developed by the Department of Agriculture and had received limited advice on cultivation practices. White seeded Sesame was mainly grown in Hambanthota (South Eastern) while black seeded Sesame was more common in Puttalam and Mannar districts (North Western) of Sri Lanka. Farmer’s selection of Sesame variety was mainly based on the availability of seeds. Sesame was mainly cultivated in small scale (<5 ha) in all the study areas and the production was less than 1t/ha. Application of fertilizer or insecticides during crop growth was rarely recorded and weedicides were often used only during land preparation. Sesame is currently an underutilized crop grown in marginal lands utilizing minimum human resources and agrochemical inputs. High potential for expansion of Sesame cultivation in Sri Lanka on degraded dry lands as ‘organic by default’ was exhibited with dedication of farmers engaged in small scale crop cultivation in the dry zone of Sri Lanka.
Banana is the most widely consumed fruit, and is an attractive perennial fruit crop for small farmers. This is due to its high economic gains throughout the year
compared to other crops like rice and wheat. Apart from the imputed value of family effort, the other effects like cost of production, on the whole income etc., are not
favorable to the small farmers. Their agricultural lands depend on torrential rains. The greater parts of the lands are rain-fed areas. If the monsoon fails, then the
farmers will be in hitch. In these circumstances, the government should shore up the agriculturists by granting financial assistance. Different strategies should be
adopted to reduce the losses taking place out of high humid content of the banana. The banana is also fatally affected by some ailment. Therefore, an enduring research
station may be elevated to protect the banana from various syndromes. By examining various research results as one; the government generates awareness among the
farmers concerning banana cultivation and may push more farmers to cultivate this precious food, which is greatly vital in our habitual diet system. Among 29 districts
of Tamil Nadu, Thoothukudi district ranks first in exporting banana. So thoothukudi district is selected for the present study.
Benefits and Constraints of Rice Mechanization in Thamirabarani Command Area ...ijtsrd
The study was aimed to assess the perceived opinion of rice growers on benefits and also the constraints encountered by the rice growers on farm mechanization. A sample of 160 rice growers from eight villages in Thamirabarani command area was selected for the study. The respondents were interviewed personally through a well-structured and pre-tested interview schedule. The study revealed that the Overall Mean Opinion Score was 3.91 which indicated that farm mechanization was beneficial to the rice growers in many aspects. The major benefits of farm mechanization as perceived by the respondents were farm mechanization helped in operating agricultural works quickly (MOS 4.97), performing farm operations in time (MOS 4.86), overcoming labour shortage problem (MOS 4.75), minimizing work burden of labours (MOS 4.61) and improving working condition of farmers (MOS 4.03). Regarding constraints, most of the respondents expressed lack of credit facilities (98.75 per cent), high fuel cost (98.75 per cent), high initial cost (97.50 per cent), low resale value for farm implements and machineries (97.50 per cent), high maintenance cost (95.00 per cent), lack of training (94.38 per cent) and lack of skilled labourers for operating improved farm implements and machineries (93.13 per cent) as the constraints in rice mechanization. P. Panneer Selvam | Dr. S. Somasundaram"Benefits and Constraints of Rice Mechanization in Thamirabarani Command Area of Tamil Nadu" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15822.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/15822/benefits-and-constraints-of-rice-mechanization-in-thamirabarani-command-area-of-tamil-nadu/p-panneer-selvam
The HortFlora Research Spectrum (HRS), is an international-peer reviewed, open access journal that serves as a forum for the exchange and dissemination of R & D advances and innovations in all facets of Horticultural Science (Pomology, Olericulture, Floriculture, Post Harvest Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Medicinal & Aromatic Plants etc.) and its allied branches on an international level.
HRS is officially published quarterly (March, June, September and December) every year, in English (print & online version), under the keen auspices of Biosciences & Agriculture Advancement Society (BAAS), Meerut (India).
Aims & Scope
The main objective of the journal ‘HortFlora Research Spectrum’ is to serve as a platform to promote, publish and disseminate the R & D innovations and advances in all aspects of Horticultural Sciences and allied branches of botanical sciences & technology, and to facilitate closer interaction among the academicians, researchers and entrepreneurs at global scale.
The journal HortFlora Research Spectrum (HRS), having International impact (ICV: 27.39; GIF: 0.364), publishes high quality peer reviewed/refereed original research papers, review articles and research notes on all aspects of Horticultural plants’ research including agronomic management, plant nutrition, biotechnology, crop improvement, plant protection, plant physiology, cell & molecular biology, medicinal & aromatic plants, food & nutrition science, agroforestry, environmental science, plant medicinal properties, ethno-phytomedicine, technology dissemination etc.
The Journal isIndexed/Abstracted in:
• Index Copernicus International, Poland with ICV: 27.39 • Ministry of Science & Higher Education, Poland with 02 points • Global Impact Factor with GIF 0.364• Indian Science Abstracts • CAB Abstracts • CABI Full text • CAB direct • ICRISAT-infoSAT • Google Scholar• CiteFactor • InfoBase Index • ResearchBib • AgBiotech Net • Horticultural Science Abstracts • Forestry & Agroforestry Abstracts• Agric. Engg. Abstracts • Crop Physiology Abstracts • PGRs Abstracts • ResearchGate.net • getCited.com • Reference Repository • EBSCO host •OAJI.net • Journal Index.net• University of Washington Library • University of Ottawa Library • Swedish University of Agric. Sci. Library, Stockholm, Sweden; Univ. of Prince Edward, Island.
Call for Papers
We would like to invite to the researchers/subject experts to contribute original research/review paper for peer-review and the earliest possible publication in the HortFlora Research Spectrum. HRS publishes high-quality solicited and unsolicited articles, in English, in all areas of horticultural sciences. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Manuscript/paper may be submitted online as MS word attachment to the editorial office via e-mail to: submit.hortflorajournal2013@
analysis and determinants of profit efficiency of cassava farmersIJEAB
A study on the analysis and determinants of profit efficiency of cassava farmers in Cross River State, Nigeria was carried out using the stochastic frontier profit function of Cobb-Douglas functional form. Data for the study were collected from primary sources with the aid of a set of structured and pre-tested questionnaires. For the determinants of profit efficiency, the minimum and maximum profit efficiency was 0.14 and 0.91 respectively with mean profit efficiency of 0.65. The mean profit efficiency implies that farmers were able to obtain 65% of their potential profit from a unit mix of inputs. In other words, about 35% of the profit is lost to inefficiency of management. Thus in the short run, there is a scope for increasing profit from cassava production by 35%. Age (0.37), education (0.67) and household size (0.58) had positive impact on profit inefficiency. The analysis of profit inefficiency effect showed a significant gamma (γ = 0.86). This implies that 86% deviation from maximum profit obtainable was as a result of inefficiency of the farmers rather than random error or variability. The signs and significance of the estimated coefficients in the inefficiency model have important implication on profit efficiency of the farmers. It is recommended that farmers should be encouraged to invest in cassava production for its profitability and economic value, inputs should be made available and at affordable prices especially improved varieties of cassava cuttings and cassava farmers should be encouraged to receive training on proper agronomic practices and usage of inputs to enhance profit efficiency of input use.
An excellent presentation on System of Rice Intensification.
Uphoff, N.T. - "Increasing Water Savings while Raising Rice Yields with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI)", presented for Panel on Water Productivity and Reuse at the 2nd International Rice Congress New Delhi, October 9-13, 2006. (see also accompanying
Original Source: http://www.wassan.org/sri/Useful_Links.htm#Videos%20and%20Slide%20Presentations
Presenting the key points, the technicalities, and statistics with lots of image sources, and case studies across the globe.
Productivity of Horticulture in Remote Tribal Areas of Andhra Pradeshijtsrd
The present study reveals that horticultural crops i.e. mango, guava, banana, pineapple, etc. in remote agency area of Andhra Pradesh state, productivity of horticulture helps to reduce an extensive deforestation. The qualitative data collected from 45 key informants both sexes belonging to tribal population of the Kurnool, Prakasam, Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram and Srikakulam districts. For data collection, observation and interview methods employed. Appalanaidu Pappala "Productivity of Horticulture in Remote Tribal Areas of Andhra Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20253.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/20253/productivity-of-horticulture-in-remote-tribal-areas-of-andhra-pradesh/appalanaidu-pappala
Knowledge, adoption and constraint analysis of chilli technology in Char area...Premier Publishers
In the present study, Knowledge Index (KI) and Adoption Index (AI) were developed to measure the knowledge level and Adoption level of Chilli Technology of farmers in Char Area of Bangladesh. A preliminary test of thirty knowledge items related to chilli cultivation technology was administered to 38 chilli farmers who were involved in chilli production in island char areas. Data were collected during February to March 2008 through interview schedule. The Knowledge Index (KI) ranged from 71 to 99 and Adoption Index (AI) ranged from 68 to 98. A correlation coefficient of KI and AI was 0.97 which indicated that a high relation exists between Knowledge Index (KI) and Adoption Index (AI). The major constraints are ignorance about improved seeds and cultivation practices, chemicals with doses and method of application, scientific method of storage, etc. The major economic and physical constraints are the high cost of the seed of improved cultivars, non-availability of funds, etc. It was recommended that the farmers be guided through extension visits to teach them adoption of new technologies related to Chilli production. The study will help researcher, agricultural extension worker, policy maker and NGOs to address and analyse the issues related to knowledge, adoption and constraints of not only chilli production but also other field and horticultural crops production.
Sustainable vegetables and flowers cultivation Practices Adopted by Greenhous...ijsrd.com
This paper analyzes vegetables and flowers cultivation practices of randomly selected farmers in the Sabarkantha district of Gujarat on the basis of personal interviews and observation. Growers were asked about different cultivation practices of vegetables (Capsicum, tomato), flowers like gerbera they were followed in the greenhouse. 70 per cent and 20 per cent of capsicum growers fell under high and low adoption cultivation practices categories. While 83 per cent of the gerbera growers belonged to high adoption category as well as 17 per cent respondents fell under low adoption cultivation practices categories respectively.
Farm record keeping - A tool to understand gender differentiated roles and de...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Munmun Rai (CIMMYT), as part of the Annual Gender Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 25-27 September 2018 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, hosted by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and co-organized with KIT Royal Tropical Institute.
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-conference-2018/
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
Stenocarpella maydis and Fusarium graminearum maize cob rots are two most devastating cob rots in maize which causes yield losses and reduce grain quality as a result of mycotoxins which is produced from this fungus. Developing varieties resistant to cob rots is a practical and economic strategy that provides cheaper protection against yield loss and poor grain quality. There is still low adoption of improved varieties partly because of limited incorporation of farmer preferred standards. Therefore farmers’ preferences and perceptions should be captured early in a breeding program to enhance the adoption of released varieties. A focus group discussion (FGD) participatory approach was used in four districts of Uganda to assess farmers’ perceptions on maize cob rots and to investigate the possibilities of breeding for farmer-preferred cob rot resistant varieties. Semi- structured questionnaires were administered to selected seed merchants to consolidate and verify farmers’ reporting on seed varieties. Results ofinvestigationsuggested that absolute cob rot resistance was associated with undesirable traits such as small seededness, late maturing and low yields. Yield and earliness were the most preferred farmer agronomic traits, with a farmer-preference mean derived score of 4.5 and 3.75 respectively from the total of 5. In this regard, selection for farmer-preferred cob rot resistance varieties should strike a balance between yield and or earliness with cob rot resistance.
Knowledge and Practice of Pesticides use among Small Holder farmers in ZambiaAI Publications
Pesticides are essential for the control of infestation of disease, insect pests and weeds on different crops. Due to wide usage of synthetic pesticides which may lead to increased exposure and associated environmental and health risks among small-holder farmers in Zambia, a study was undertaken to understand how knowledgeable farmers are on pesticide use and practices. A total of 418 small scale farmers were randomly sampled from Mkushi, Mpongwe, Luangwa, Mbala, Solwezi, Chipata and Kalomo Districts of Zambia. Data pertaining to types of pesticides use, handling, storage and disposal was solicited using structured questionnaires. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS. Findings revealed that of the sampled farmers 43%, 30%, 25% and 17% used Glyphosate, Dicamba, Paraquat and Atrazine respectively as herbicides in Maize. 21% and 14% used Cypermethrine and Monocrotophos respectively as insecticides in both Maize and Soybean. 81% of the sampled farmers used empty containers for either storing drinking water or salt while only 15% wore protective clothing when applying pesticides. Pesticide mishandling occurred regardless of the amount of experience a farmer had using pesticides. 68% of the sampled farmers had never received any formal basic training in pesticide use, hence a clear knowledge gap. The fact that receipt of basic training was the main predictor of a farmers’ level of knowledge on pesticide use, a farmer who had received basic training in appropriate chemical pesticides use, as opposed to one who had not, had a better chance of using chemical pesticides safely and in the right quantities.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
This session provides a comprehensive overview of the latest updates to the Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards (commonly known as the Uniform Guidance) outlined in the 2 CFR 200.
With a focus on the 2024 revisions issued by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), participants will gain insight into the key changes affecting federal grant recipients. The session will delve into critical regulatory updates, providing attendees with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate and comply with the evolving landscape of federal grant management.
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the rationale behind the 2024 updates to the Uniform Guidance outlined in 2 CFR 200, and their implications for federal grant recipients.
- Identify the key changes and revisions introduced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in the 2024 edition of 2 CFR 200.
- Gain proficiency in applying the updated regulations to ensure compliance with federal grant requirements and avoid potential audit findings.
- Develop strategies for effectively implementing the new guidelines within the grant management processes of their respective organizations, fostering efficiency and accountability in federal grant administration.
Many ways to support street children.pptxSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
Understanding the Challenges of Street ChildrenSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
What is the point of small housing associations.pptxPaul Smith
Given the small scale of housing associations and their relative high cost per home what is the point of them and how do we justify their continued existance
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Russian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale warAntti Rautiainen
Anarchist group ANA Regensburg hosted my online-presentation on 16th of May 2024, in which I discussed tactics of anti-war activism in Russia, and reasons why the anti-war movement has not been able to make an impact to change the course of events yet. Cases of anarchists repressed for anti-war activities are presented, as well as strategies of support for political prisoners, and modest successes in supporting their struggles.
Thumbnail picture is by MediaZona, you may read their report on anti-war arson attacks in Russia here: https://en.zona.media/article/2022/10/13/burn-map
Links:
Autonomous Action
http://Avtonom.org
Anarchist Black Cross Moscow
http://Avtonom.org/abc
Solidarity Zone
https://t.me/solidarity_zone
Memorial
https://memopzk.org/, https://t.me/pzk_memorial
OVD-Info
https://en.ovdinfo.org/antiwar-ovd-info-guide
RosUznik
https://rosuznik.org/
Uznik Online
http://uznikonline.tilda.ws/
Russian Reader
https://therussianreader.com/
ABC Irkutsk
https://abc38.noblogs.org/
Send mail to prisoners from abroad:
http://Prisonmail.online
YouTube: https://youtu.be/c5nSOdU48O8
Spotify: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/libertarianlifecoach/episodes/Russian-anarchist-and-anti-war-movement-in-the-third-year-of-full-scale-war-e2k8ai4
Adoption behaviour of small farmers about mustard production technology in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan
1. SUMMARY : The present study was conducted in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan during of the year
2011-12 covering 3 Panchayat Samities and 108 small farmers. The main emphasis was laid on to know
the level of adoption of mustard technology among the small farmers and the possible factors responsible
for promoting the adoption. The study highlights that of the total 50 per cent respondents had adopted
the mustard technology to medium extent. The small farmers were found very conscious about the
adoption of high yielding varieties of rapeseed-mustard followed by time of sowing, seed rate and
spacing whereas less bothered about the soil treatment and weed management and least adoption was
found in case of plant protection measures regarding wheat production technology. The important
variable which promoted the adoption were; the higher education, farm power, caste, occupation,
social participation, family type, income and housing pattern. The study further revealed that several
constraints faced by the small farmers in adoption of mustard production technology viz., unavailability
of fertilizers at peak season, weed control through herbicide as technically complex method, unavailability
of improved seed at the time of sowing, high cost involved in inputs purchasing and harmful residual
effect of pesticides on main crops and application of weedicide the reduced the availability of fodder
were the main problems which affected the adoption of rapeseed and mustard production technology
among the farmers.
How to cite this article : Bagenia, P.S. and Lakhera, J.P. (2017). Adoption behaviour of small farmers about
mustard production technology in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan. Agric. Update, 12(1): 89-94; DOI : 10.15740/
HAS/AU/12.1/89-94.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The important rapeseed mustard growing
countries in the world are India, Canada and
China etc. India with 5,00 million hectare and
under cultivation and is the largest rapeseed
mustard growing country in the world. China
ranks first in production followed by India.As
Adoptionbehaviourofsmallfarmersaboutmustard
production technology in Bharatpur district of
Rajasthan
P.S. BAGENIA AND J.P. LAKHERA
HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE
ARTICLE CHRONICLE :
Received :
14.12.2016;
Revised :
27.12.2016;
Accepted :
05.01.2017
RESEARCH ARTICLE :
KEY WORDS :
Improved package of
practices, Small
farmers, Farm power,
Extent of adoption,
Weed management,
Peak season, Complex
method, Constraints
much 90 per cent of the total edible oil product
in the country comes from two oil seed crops
namely groundnut and rapeseed-mustard.
Therefore, there is an urgent need of
increasing the productivity of these oilseed
crops in the country through adoption of
recommended technology by the farmers.
Oilseed sector as a whole and rapeseed and
Author for correspondence :
P.S. BAGENIA
College of Agriculture,
BHARATPUR
(RAJASTHAN) INDIA
See end of the article for
authors’ affiliations
Agriculture Update
Volume 12 | Issue 1 | February, 2017 | 89-94
e ISSN-0976-6847
Visit us : www.researchjournal.co.in
DOI: 10.15740/HAS/AU/12.1/89-94
AU
2. 90
Hind Agricultural Research and Training Institute
Agric. Update, 12(1) Feb., 2017 :
mustard in particular, has witnessed a significant increase
in production in the last decade. The accomplishments in
rapeseed mustard production are rightly being termed as
yellow revolution in the country. However, there were
fluctuation in rapeseed mustard production due to
weather variations, monsoon failure, post incidents and
improper adoption. Inspite of best possible efforts by the
Central and State Governments to uplift the socio-
economic condition of farmers in general and small
farmers in particular, there exists a wide gap between
the technology available at the research station and its
use by the farmers. In such situation where new
technology is available and only a part of its is being
utilized seems to be a great challenge to the personnel
engaged in the transfer of technology. This challenge
has to be met without any delay.
The present study is planned to know the level of
adoption of mustard and rapeseed technologyby the small
farmers of Bharatpur district. During the last seven
years, there has been a considerable increase in
productivity from 1540 kg/ha in 2003-04 to 1950 kg/ha in
2009-10 and production has been increased from 39.42
mt in 2003-04 to 59.93 mt in 2009-10. The rapeseed-
mustard production trends represent fluctuating scenario
with an all time high production of 8.13 mt from 7.28 mt
ha acreage during 2005-06. The yield levels also have
been variable ranging from 854 (2002-03) to 1142 kg/ha
(2009-10) during the past eight years. It is imperative to
developsocio-economic,technological and environmental
strategies based on the field level observations for
sustainable development of crop with these point of view,
the present investigation was under taken with following
specific objectives.
– To study the extent of adoption of rapeseed and
mustard crop technology by the small farmers.
– To study the socio-economic characteristics of
the small farmers and their relationship between the
extent of adoption of mustard technology.
– To identify major constraints in adoption of
rapeseed and mustard technology by the farmers.
RESOURCES AND METHODS
The present study was based on an intensive study
of sample holding(mustard growers) in Bharatpur district
of Rajasthan. District Bharatpur has been purposively
selected for the study, looking to its typical and apt
representation of the state with respect to rapeseed-
mustard production. Bharatpur comes at first place on
the basis of area and production of rapeseed-mustard
crops in Rajasthan. The multistage stratified sampling
was adopted with tehsil as primary unit, village as
secondary unit and farm holding as the ultimate sampling
unit. Out of 10 tehsils of Bharatpur district, three tehsils
namely, Bharatpur, Kumher and Bayana were selected
randomly.Then from each selected tehsil, 3 villages were
chosen randomly.The final selection was done fromeach
selected villages of each tehsil based on proportion to
number of rapeseed-mustard growers. From the list so
prepared from 9 villages, 12 small farmers were selected
randomly from each villages. In all 108 respondents were
selected for the study purpose. The personal interview
technique was used for the collection of primary data.
Scale developed by Trivedi (1963), Singh and Reddy
(1965) and Sen Gupta (1987) were used with slight
modificationsto suitthe localconditions. Elevenimproved
package of practics were included in adoption technology
viz., soil and field preparation, high yielding varieties, soil
treatment, seed treatment, time of sowing, seed rate and
spacing, manures and fertilizers, irrigation and weed
management, plant protection measures and harvesting,
threshing and storage. Practice-wise adoption of
rapeseed-mustard production technology by the
respondents was worked out. For this mean per cent
score (MPS) were calculated. Zero order correlation co-
efficient and X2
text were employed to see the
relationship between socio-economic characteristics and
adoption of mustard technology.The present investigation
was carried out during the 2011-12.
OBSERVATIONS AND ANALYSIS
The results obtained from the present study as well
as discussions have been summarized under following
heads:
Extent of adoption of rapeseed and mustard
technology:
It is evident from the Table 1 that 59.26 per cent of
the respondents were found under medium adoption
category 22.22 per cent respondents were having high
level of adoption category only 18.52 per cent
respondents were found under the low adoption category.
Thesimilarresults havealso observedbytheOgunifiditimi
(1981); Choudhary et al. (1988); Gautam and Gautam
(1991); Girase et al. (1991); Singh and Singh (2002) and
P.S. BAGENIA AND J.P. LAKHERA
89-94
3. 91
Hind Agricultural Research and Training Institute
Agric. Update, 12(1) Feb., 2017 :
Singh et al. (2006).
Relationship between socio-economic features and
extent of adoption of mustard technology :
Practice wise adoption of improved package of
practices of rapeseed and mustard production technology
by the small farmers was worked out. For this mean per
cent scores were calculated. The findings about the same
have been presented in Table 2.
A close examination of Table 2 reveals that
maximum adoption level was reported in practice of high
yielding varieties with mean per cent score 90.83. This
was followed by practice like time of sowing, seed rate
and spacing, irrigation management, manures and
fertilizers and soil and field preparation. The mean per
cent scores of these practices were 89.81, 87.51, 75.12,
72.52 and 70.64, respectively while, practices like
harvesting, threshing and storage, soil treatment, seed
treatment and weed management were having less
adoption level with mean per cent scores 70.50, 52.50,
50.55 and 40.78, respectively. Least adoption level was
also found in case of plant protection measures with 39.75
MPS. A close observation of the table shows that the
adoption level was higher in case of required low cost
investment technology. Hence, it may be inferred from
the above results that the respondents were found very
conscious about the adoption of high yielding varieties of
mustard whereas, they were least bothered about the
adoption of time of sowing practices. Similar findings
were reported by Girase et al. (1991); Saraswat (1991);
Shriballabh and Pal (1991); Verma et al. (1998); Singh
et al. (2002) and Singh et al. (2006).
Association between socio-economic characteristics
and adoption of improved technology of mustard
production technology.
It is evident from Table 3 that the education, caste,
familytype, housing pattern,size of holding, income, farm
power and social participation of the respondents were
significantly related with the adoption of soil technology,
while the age, family size and occupation of the
respondents have not shown any significant relationship
with the soil technology.
The education, caste, occupation, housing pattern,
income and farm power of the respondents had significant
association with the extent of adoption of seed
technology. The age, family type, family size, size of
holding and social participation have no significant
relationship with the extent of adoption of seed
technology.
The age, caste, occupation and size of holding of
the respondents had positive and significant relationship
with the extent of adoption of nitrogenous, and phosphatic
fertilizers while the education, family type, housing
pattern, income, farmpower and social participation were
Table 1 : Distribution of respondents according to their adoption regarding rapeseed and mustard production technology (n = 108)
Adoption category No. of respondents Percentage
Low (Score below 38.85) 20 18.52
Medium (Score between 38.85 to 57.72) 64 59.26
High (Score above 57.72)
Total
24
108
22.22
100.00
Table 2 : Extent of adoption regarding rapeseed and mustard production technology
Sr. No. Package of practices MPS Rank
1. Soil and field preparation 70.64 VI
2. High yielding varieties 90.83 I
3. Soil treatment 52.50 VIII
4. Seed treatment 50.55 IX
5. Time of sowing 89.81 II
6. Seed rate and spacing 87.51 III
7. Manures and fertilizers 72.52 V
8. Irrigation management 75.12 IV
9. Weed management 40.78 X
10. Plant protection measures 39.75 XI
11. Harvesting, threshing and storage 70.50 VII
ADOPTION BEHAVIOUR OF SMALL FARMERS ABOUT MUSTARD PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY IN BHARATPUR DISTRICT OF RAJASTHAN
89-94
4. 92
Hind Agricultural Research and Training Institute
Agric. Update, 12(1) Feb., 2017 :
found to be positively and significantly related with the
extent of adoption of nitrogenous, phosphatic and soil
amendments, respectively. Onlycharacter i.e., family size
was found to be non-significant with the extent of
adoption of fertilizer technology, whereas, age, caste,
occupation and size of holding were not found significant
with the extent of adoption of soil amendments of sub-
component of fertilizers technology. The age, education,
caste, family size, family type, occupation, farm power
and housing pattern of respondents were found to be
positively and significantly related with the extent of
adoption of irrigation technology. Out of 11 characteristics
of socio-economic characteristics of respondents, seven
characteristics were positively and significantly related
with the extent of adoption of weedicide technology and
remaining four viz., caste, family type, size of holding
and housing pattern have not shown significant
relationship. The Table 3 clearly indicates that out of 11
Table 3 : Association between socio-economic characteristics and adoption of improved technology of rapeseed and mustard cultivation
Extent of adoption of improved technology of rapeseed and mustard cultivation
Fertilizer technologySr.
No.
Socio-economic
characteristics
Correlation/
Association
Soil Seed
Nitrogenous Phosphatic Soil
amendments
Irrigation Weedicide Plant
protection
measures
1. Age r 0.205NS 0.234NS 0.360* 0.301* 0.250NS 0.845* 0.384* 0.364*
2. Education X2
35.97* 36.94* 37.8* 38.6* 22.27* 45.60* 47.82* 21.98*
3. Caste X2
9.66* 13.67* 16.98* 20.81* 8.45* 21.69* 2.81NS 3.58NS
4. Family type X2
37.90* 9.38NS 37.25* 15.66* 16.39* 30.67* 2.49NS 3.34NS
5. Family size X2
10.35NS 9.18NS 3.24NS 4.84NS 1.68NS 23.70* 12.49* 1.096NS
6. Occupation X2
9.15NS 13.99* 28.24* 30.39* 16.9NS 10.36* 22.63* 25.76*
7. Housing pattern X2
46.00* 32.36* 36.88* 49.62* 43.5* 49.92* 4.13NS 5.47NS
8. Size of holding X2
0.211* 0.579NS 0.493* 0.203* 0.296NS 0.280NS 0.219NS 0.210NS
9. Income r 0.697* 0.364* 0.672* 0.164* 0.610* 0.366NS 0.104* 0.140*
10. Farm power X2
59.70* 3.53* 15.17* 14.36* 8.76* 117.16* 50.72* 52.96*
11. Social participation X2
39.90* 9.46NS 37.76* 48.59* 47.56* 7.67NS 13.56* 17.56*
NS = Non-significant.
X2
= Significant at 0.05% level of probability. *indicates significance of value at P=0.05
r = Significant at 0.01% level of probability
Table 4 : Major constraints perceived by the small farmers in adoption of recommended production technology of mustard cultivation
Sr. No. Constraints MPS Rank
1. Unavailability of improved seed at the time of sowing 89.47 III
2. High cost involved in inputs 88.81 IV
3. Unavailability of chemicals 83.55 VII
4. Inadequate irrigation facilities 70.39 XIII
5. Lack of technical know-how about soil testing and seed treatment 63.26 XVI
6. Do not believe in soil treatment 82.89 VIII
7. Lack of trustworthiness about recommendations 44.73 XVIII
8. Scarcity of moisture in soil 75.00 XII
9. Unavailability of fertilizers at peak season 96.71 I
10. Lack of technical know-how about weedicide and PP measures 69.73 XIV
11. Weed control through herbicide is technically complex method 90.50 II
12. Application of weedicide reduced the availability of fodder 84.25 VI
13. Use of weedicide put an adverse effect on the main crop 79.55 XI
14. Lack of operational skills in the plant protection measures 65.78 XV
15. Harmful residual effect of pesticides on main crop 86.25 V
16. High incidence of insect pest infestation 80.25 X
17. Occurrence of natural calamities (fog, frost, hails, storms and untimely rains) 82.25 IX
18. Inaccessibility of fumigants in storage 40.71 XVIII
P.S. BAGENIA AND J.P. LAKHERA
89-94
5. 93
Hind Agricultural Research and Training Institute
Agric. Update, 12(1) Feb., 2017 :
socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, six
were significantly associated with the extent of adoption
of plant protection technology viz., age, education,
occupation, income, farmpower and social participation.
The remaining five characteristics viz., caste, family type,
family size, size of holding and housing pattern have not
shown significant association with the extent of adoption
of plant protection technology. Similar results have also
been observed by the Saraswat (1991); Shriballabh and
Lal (1991); Verma et al. (1998); Singh et al. (2001);
Singh et al. (2002); Sharma and Chauhan (2001); Singh
et al. (2006) and Singh et al. (2011).
Observation of Table 4 reveals that unavailability of
fertilizers at peak season was reported very important
constraint by the farmers and they awarded high MPS
(96.71) and ranked Ist
. Farmers perceived that weed
control through herbicide is technical complex method
(MPS 90.50) and unavailability of improved seed at the
time of sowing (MPS 89.47) were another important
constraints. These constraints were ranked second and
third, respectively by the respondents.Further, data
divulge that high cost involved in input purchasing (MPS
88.81), harmful residual effect of pesticides on main crop
(86.25 MPS), application of weedcide reduced the
availability of fodder (MPS 84.25) and unavailability of
chemicals (83.55 MPS) were also perceived important
constraints by majority of the small farmers.Observation
of table further reveals that do not believe in soil
treatment (MPS 82.89), occurrence of natural clamities
(Fog, frost, hails, storms and untimely rains etc.) with
MPS 82.25 and high incidence of insect pest infestation
(MPS 80.25) were also perceived as major problems
which farmers were facing regularly of the study area.
Further, farmers of the study area were of the opinion
that use of weedicide put an adverse effect on the main
crop, with 79.55 MPS and ranked XIth
under the
constraints related to chemical weed control. Scarcity
of moisture in soil (MPS 75.0) and in adequate irrigation
facilities (MPS 70.39) were other important problems
accorded XII and XIII rank by the farmers, respectively.
Data of table reveal that lack of technical know-
howabout weedicide and plant protection measures (MPS
69.73), lack of operation skills in the plant protection
measures (MPS 65.78) and lack of technical know-how
about soil testing and seed treatment jointly (MPS 63.26)
were main problems faced by the respondents awarded
rank XIV, XV and XVI, respectively.
Table 4 further shows that lack of trust worthiness
about recommendations (MPS 44.75) and accessibility
of fumigants in storage (MPS, 40.71) were not so
important constraints in the opinion of respondents.The
findings are in line with findings reported by Gautamand
Gautam (1991); Singh and Singh (2002); Sachan and
Sharma (2002); Sonawane et al. (2009) and Singh et al.
(2010).
Conclusion :
From the foregoing explanation it may be concluded
that 59.26 per cent respondents had adopted the mustard
and rapeseed technology to the medium extent. The
education, farm power, caste, occupation, social
participation, family type, income and housing pattern had
shown significant association with the extent of adoption
of soil, seed, fertilizer, irrigation, weedicide and plant
protection technology of rapeseed and mustard crops,
while caste, family type and housing pattern had not
shown positive association with the weedicide and plant
protection technology.
It may be further concluded that there were several
constraints in adoption of improved rapeseed-mustard
production technology.Amongthe major constraints were
unavailability of fertilizers at peak season, weed control
through herbicide is technically complex method,
unavailability of improved seed at the time of sowing,
high cost involved in inputs purchasing and harmful
residual effect of pesticides on main crops and application
of weedicide reduced the availability of fodder were the
main problems which affect the adoption process of
mustard production technology among the small farmers.
Authors’ affiliations :
J.P. LAKHERA, Directorate of Extension Education (SKRAU),
BEECHWAL (RAJASTHAN) INDIA
REFERENCES
Choudhary,S.P.,Sharma,S,.S.and Gaur,R.A.(1988).Adoption
behaviour of trained farmers. Maharashtra J. Extn. Edu., 12:
197-199.
Gautam,Sharmaand Gautam(1991).Comparativegap analysis
of technological gap of adoption in wheat and mustard. Indian
J. Extn. Edu., 10(2): 35-37.
Girase, K.A., Desai, B.R. and Rade, V.N. (1991). Adoption
behaviour of oilseed growers. Maharashtra J. Extn. Edu.,
10(2):358-360.
ADOPTION BEHAVIOUR OF SMALL FARMERS ABOUT MUSTARD PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY IN BHARATPUR DISTRICT OF RAJASTHAN
89-94
6. 94
Hind Agricultural Research and Training Institute
Agric. Update, 12(1) Feb., 2017 :
Ogunifiditimi, T. (1981).Adoption of improved farm practice.
A choice under uncertainty. Indian J. Extn. Edu., 17 (1 & 2):
30-35.
Saraswat, R.K. (1991).Acritical study in technological gap of
pulses and oilseeds crops with special reference to small,
mediumand largefarmers ofC.D. Block,Bichpuri, Ph.D. Thesis,
Agra University, Agra, U.P. (INDIA).
Sharma, V.P. and Chauhan, M.S. (2001). Increase in mustard
yield through improved knowledge of plant protection
technology, Rajasthan J. Extn. Edu., 8 & 9 : 105-107.
Shriballabh, Shrivastava, and Pal, J. (1991). Technological gap
in adoption of oilseed crops. Maharashtra J. Extn. Edu., 10(2)
:340-342.
Singh, Narpat, Lal, Hanuman and Sharma, Poonam (2006).
Adoption of recommended mustard production technology
by the farmers. Rajasthan J. Extn. Edu., 24 : 149-151.
Singh, P. and Singh, K. (2002). Technological gap in rapeseed
and mustard cultivation in Bharatpur district. Maharashtra J.
Extn. Edu., 10 (1) : 31-40.
Singh, P., Singh, J.P.and Singh, K. (2002).Adoption of rapeseed
and mustard crops in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan. J. Agric.
Sci. Res., 37(1 & 2): 52-54.
Singh, P., Lakhera, J.P. and Sharma, K.C. (2010). Reasons for
technological gap in rapeseed and mustard cultivation in respec
of seed technology among small farmers. Indian J. Agril. Res.
&Extn., 3 : 36-39.
Singh, P., Jat, H.L. and Sharma, S.K. (2011). Association of
socio-economic attributes with adoption of clusterbean
technologies. Indian Res. J. Extn. Edu., 11(2) : 37-41.
Singh, S.N. and Reddy, S.K. (1965). Adoption of improved
agricultural practices farmers. Indian J. Soc. Sci., 26 (3).
Sonawane, H.P., Shirke,V.S. and Tarde,V.J.(2009). Constraints
faced by the strawberry growers in adopting improved
strawberry production technology, Asian J. Extn. Edu., 27 :
113-116.
Suchan, R.C. and Sharma,A.K. (2002). Constraintsin adoption
of improved mustard production technology as realized by
mustard growers. Rajasthan J. Extn. Edu., 10 : 82-87.
Trivedi,G. (1963). Measurement and analysisofsocio-economic
status of rural families, Ph.D. Thesis, Division of Agril.
Extension, I.A.R.I., NEW DELHI, INDIA.
Verma, H.K., Kumar, K. and Singh, S.R. (1998). Farmers
accessibility and adoption of rapeseed-mustard production
technology under rainfed conditions. Indian J. Extn. Edu., 26
(384): 39-43.
P.S. BAGENIA AND J.P. LAKHERA
89-94
12
th
ofExcellence
Year