This document provides a summary of key indicators related to global food security and nutrition in 2014. It begins with an introduction explaining the importance of monitoring indicators to better address malnutrition. The document then provides data on topics such as the economy, population, food prices, trade, undernutrition, overweight and obesity rates, dietary supplies, and consumption of various foods. Specific data shown include charts on the share of agriculture in national economies, value of agricultural production, food price changes, and prevalence of underweight and overweight populations globally.
Addressing Chronic Food Insecurity in the Horn of AfricaFrederic Mousseau
This document summarizes a report on addressing chronic food insecurity in the Horn of Africa. It finds that while promising new approaches have been tried, limitations remain. The Productive Safety Net Programme in Ethiopia has helped many, but questions remain around its sustainability and ability to promote graduation from food insecurity. Disaster risk reduction efforts by donors and governments are fragmented and not well integrated with humanitarian responses. Food aid reform is also needed to allow more appropriate and cost-effective responses, such as local procurement and cash transfers. Overall, while innovations show potential, a lack of coordination, commitment and follow-through remains an obstacle to fully addressing the region's food insecurity challenges.
This document summarizes a presentation on food security and nutrition in the southern Mediterranean region. It provides an overview of the food security situation, highlighting structural issues like food deficits, high unemployment, and declining natural resources. It also examines case studies from the occupied Palestinian territory, Egypt, and Tunisia to illustrate household-level food insecurity challenges. The summary concludes that poverty is a core challenge, unemployment is high, and social protection programs will be increasingly important for resilience in the vulnerable context. It also identifies policy options like natural resource management and reforming social safety nets.
Some 805 million people in the world are undernourished, and more than 2 million children die each year of malnutrition. Promoting agriculture for improving nutrition is urgently needed.
In this context, a framework for joint action "Agriculture and nutrition: A common future” was launched by the European Commission, FAO, the World Bank and CTA at the International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2), held in November 2014, in Rome.
The framework was presented by CTA’s Director, Michael Hailu, and lays out how the four organisations will align their efforts to deliver concrete actions that make a difference to those most affected by malnutrition.
For more information, please visit http://bit.ly/1F8aOOf
Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2) Next StepsFAO
Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2) Next Steps: Work Programme of the UN
Decade of Action on Nutrition in the era of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Co-Chairs: Anna Lartey, Director, Nutrition and Food Systems division, FAO, and Francesco Branca
Ific 2014 food tech survey final exec summaryFood Insight
This survey examined consumer perceptions of food technology, biotechnology, and sustainability. Some key findings include:
- Confidence in the safety of the U.S. food supply remains high at 67%. Disease/contamination and food handling are top food safety concerns.
- Most Americans support the FDA's policy not requiring special labeling for foods produced through biotechnology unless there is a safety issue.
- Views on modern agriculture are generally positive, though only 52% agree farms are still primarily family-run.
- Consumers are favorable toward biotechnology providing nutrition/health benefits like reducing carcinogens or adding Omega-3s.
- Awareness of sustainability in food production is around 57%, and two-
Addressing Chronic Food Insecurity in the Horn of AfricaFrederic Mousseau
This document summarizes a report on addressing chronic food insecurity in the Horn of Africa. It finds that while promising new approaches have been tried, limitations remain. The Productive Safety Net Programme in Ethiopia has helped many, but questions remain around its sustainability and ability to promote graduation from food insecurity. Disaster risk reduction efforts by donors and governments are fragmented and not well integrated with humanitarian responses. Food aid reform is also needed to allow more appropriate and cost-effective responses, such as local procurement and cash transfers. Overall, while innovations show potential, a lack of coordination, commitment and follow-through remains an obstacle to fully addressing the region's food insecurity challenges.
This document summarizes a presentation on food security and nutrition in the southern Mediterranean region. It provides an overview of the food security situation, highlighting structural issues like food deficits, high unemployment, and declining natural resources. It also examines case studies from the occupied Palestinian territory, Egypt, and Tunisia to illustrate household-level food insecurity challenges. The summary concludes that poverty is a core challenge, unemployment is high, and social protection programs will be increasingly important for resilience in the vulnerable context. It also identifies policy options like natural resource management and reforming social safety nets.
Some 805 million people in the world are undernourished, and more than 2 million children die each year of malnutrition. Promoting agriculture for improving nutrition is urgently needed.
In this context, a framework for joint action "Agriculture and nutrition: A common future” was launched by the European Commission, FAO, the World Bank and CTA at the International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2), held in November 2014, in Rome.
The framework was presented by CTA’s Director, Michael Hailu, and lays out how the four organisations will align their efforts to deliver concrete actions that make a difference to those most affected by malnutrition.
For more information, please visit http://bit.ly/1F8aOOf
Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2) Next StepsFAO
Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2) Next Steps: Work Programme of the UN
Decade of Action on Nutrition in the era of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Co-Chairs: Anna Lartey, Director, Nutrition and Food Systems division, FAO, and Francesco Branca
Ific 2014 food tech survey final exec summaryFood Insight
This survey examined consumer perceptions of food technology, biotechnology, and sustainability. Some key findings include:
- Confidence in the safety of the U.S. food supply remains high at 67%. Disease/contamination and food handling are top food safety concerns.
- Most Americans support the FDA's policy not requiring special labeling for foods produced through biotechnology unless there is a safety issue.
- Views on modern agriculture are generally positive, though only 52% agree farms are still primarily family-run.
- Consumers are favorable toward biotechnology providing nutrition/health benefits like reducing carcinogens or adding Omega-3s.
- Awareness of sustainability in food production is around 57%, and two-
Food security in focus: Europe 2014 is an Economist
Intelligence Unit (EIU) report commissioned by
DuPont. The report discusses the major findings in
the 2014 Global Food Security Index (GFSI)) for the
26 countries of Europe included in the index.
Sustainable Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition in the Post-2015 FrameworkDr Lendy Spires
This document discusses including sustainable agriculture, food security, and nutrition in the Post-2015 development framework. It argues that a comprehensive approach is needed to address these interlinked issues and eliminate hunger and poverty. The document proposes a goal with six targets and related indicators to measure progress in: 1) eliminating hunger, 2) increasing sustainable agricultural productivity, 3) improving environmental sustainability of agriculture, 4) increasing opportunities for smallholder farmers, 5) developing more sustainable food systems, and 6) promoting nutrition security and reducing stunting. The targets and indicators are designed to be ambitious but measurable and applicable globally to track progress towards ensuring food security, good nutrition, and sustainable development by 2030.
WEBINAR: European Commission Discussion of IFPRI’s 2021 Global Food Policy Re...Francois Stepman
13 May 2021. In the 2021 Global Food Policy Report, IFPRI researchers and experts explore the impacts of the pandemic and government policy responses to date, particularly for the poor and disadvantaged, and consider what it all means for transforming our food systems to be healthy, resilient, efficient, sustainable, and inclusive.
During this session, speakers shared evidence on the impact of COVID-19, and discuss the way forward for food systems transformation.
Video recording will be posted shortly on INTPA/Infopoint Conference
Leonard Mizzi - Head of Unit, European Union Directorate General for Planet and Prosperity, European Commission
Johan Swinnen - Director General, International Food Policy Research Institute, IFPRI
John McDermott - Director, CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), IFPRI
Neha Kumar - Senior Research Fellow, International Food Policy Research Institute, IFPRI
Danielle Resnick - Senior Research Fellow, and Theme Leader, Governance, IFPRI
Resource
IFPRI (2021). 2021 Global Food Policy Report: Transforming Food Systems after COVID-19. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. 124
The document proposes a policy framework called the Canadian Food Action Plan (CFAP) to create a national food policy for Canada that supports sustainable agriculture and alleviates poverty. It discusses how past Canadian food policies have failed to adequately address social and environmental issues. The CFAP was developed with input from food studies academics and organizations concerned with food security, sustainability, and poverty. It aims to establish an integrated national food policy that ensures all Canadians can afford healthy food while also promoting sustainable farming practices.
The latest FAO estimates indicate that global hunger reduction continues: about 805 million people are estimated to be chronically undernourished in 2012–14, down more than 100 million over the last decade, and 209 million lower than in 1990–92. In the same period,
the prevalence of undernourishment has fallen from 18.7 to 11.3 percent globally and from 23.4 to 13.5 percent for developing countries.
Functional food consumer survey media webcastFood Insight
The document summarizes key findings from the 2013 IFIC Functional Foods Consumer Survey. Some highlights include:
- Over one-third of consumers consider themselves very or extremely knowledgeable about nutrition.
- About half believe they get most or all nutrients needed for good health from food alone.
- Three out of four are concerned about not getting all nutrients needed.
- Fruits and vegetables, especially berries, are the most commonly named functional foods and are associated with providing specific nutrients.
Vardan Urutyan
GLOBAL FOOD POLICY REPORT
Virtual Event--Discussion on the Implications of the 2020 Global Food Policy Report for Eurasia
Co-Organized by the Eurasian Center for Food Security at Lomonosov Moscow State University, Westminster International University in Tashkent, the World Bank Group, and IFPRI
MAY 27, 2020 - 02:30 PM TO 04:00 PM MSK
Beyond the Arab Awakening:Policies and Investments for Poverty Reduction and...IFPRIMENA
This document discusses food security challenges in Arab countries and policies to address them. It finds that while some official data showed promising economic growth, many people remained dissatisfied with their standard of living due to underestimated poverty and inequality. Agriculture growth was not always pro-poor. The document advocates for country-specific strategies like Yemen's National Food Security Strategy developed with IFPRI, which assesses food insecurity levels and outlines targeted actions. It also discusses IFPRI's work providing data and analysis to support evidence-based decision making in areas like water resources, climate impacts, and building resilience in the region.
Presentation by Clemens Breisinger, Research Fellow at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) at "Consultative and Planning Workshop for Reactivating National Food Security Strategy", September 18-19 in Sana’a, Yemen.
This report provides an overview of food waste issues globally and within the UK. It finds that over a third of global food production is wasted, with similar proportions wasted in developing and developed nations through different causes. In developing countries most waste occurs pre-and post-harvest due to lack of infrastructure and technology. In the UK, 15 million tonnes of food are wasted annually, with nearly three quarters occurring at the consumer stage, especially of perishable products. Reducing food waste across supply chains is important for improving global food security.
The document discusses the impacts of COVID-19 on global food security. It notes that the global economic downturn caused by the pandemic could increase the number of people living in extreme poverty by nearly 150 million. It also finds that a 5% recession would lead to declines in the consumption of nutritious foods like fruits and vegetables. Additionally, the document reports that 21 countries initially imposed export restrictions in response to the pandemic, affecting about 5% of global food trade, though only 2% remain in place currently.
Food security refers to reliable access to nutritious food, while food insecurity means limited or uncertain availability of nutritious foods. Developing countries in Africa and other parts of the third world have high population growth and are at greatest risk of food insecurity due to factors like soil degradation, pests, diseases, conflicts and wars, and increased frequency of droughts and other climate-related disasters. Corruption and political instability in these nations also undermine international food aid efforts.
This document provides a summary of the Secretary-General's report on progress towards achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. It highlights that while progress has been made in reducing poverty, hunger, and disease since 2000, intensified efforts are still needed to meet all of the SDG targets by 2030, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia. Key updates included are that the number of people living in extreme poverty decreased from 1.7 billion in 1999 to 767 million in 2013, and child mortality rates declined globally but remain highest in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Challenges remain such as improving social protections, increasing resilience to disasters, and boosting investments in agriculture.
Sisay Sinamo Boltena
SPECIAL EVENT
Funding Food System Transformation in Developing Countries: An example from Ethiopia
UNFSS Side Event -- Co-organized by IFPRI, The Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, CGIAR
SEP 24, 2021 - 08:00 AM TO 09:30 AM EDT
- The document discusses the role of food aid and alternatives in Southern Africa, focusing on Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. It revisits the response to the 2001-2002 food crisis in the region.
- Agriculture in the region has traditionally focused on maize production, creating a fragile system reliant on rain-fed agriculture by smallholders. National marketing boards historically played a key role in purchasing, distributing, and subsidizing maize and maize meal.
- The food crisis response was better late than never for Malawi. The regional crisis highlighted the complex challenges facing humanitarian action, including meeting emergency needs while addressing the effects of policies like market liberalization and structural adjustment.
This document summarizes a study on global food losses and waste. The study found that approximately one-third of all food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted, amounting to about 1.3 billion tons per year. Food is lost at various stages of the supply chain from production to consumption. In developing countries, food is mostly lost early in the supply chain during harvesting, storage, and transport due to financial and infrastructure limitations. In developed countries, more food is wasted at the consumer level due to quality standards, overpurchasing, and consumer behavior. Reducing food losses has potential to increase the efficiency of the food system and help address hunger. However, more research is still needed to better understand the issue of global food
Este documento presenta información estadística sobre la dinámica agropecuaria en Perú entre 2004 y 2013. Incluye datos sobre indicadores macroeconómicos del sector agrícola, población, áreas de cultivo, producción y rendimientos de principales cultivos y productos pecuarios, agroindustria y comercialización. El documento analiza las tendencias en el PBI agrícola, superficies cultivadas, volúmenes de producción, precios al productor y comercialización de productos en el principal mercado mayorista de
El documento resume la dinámica empresarial en Perú en el cuarto trimestre de 2014. Se registraron 61,629 nuevas empresas, una disminución del 2.1% con respecto al año anterior. También se dieron de baja 46,370 empresas, un aumento del 58.6%. El resultado fue un saldo positivo de 15,259 empresas. La mayoría de nuevas empresas pertenecían al comercio minorista, servicios empresariales y comercio mayorista.
Food security in focus: Europe 2014 is an Economist
Intelligence Unit (EIU) report commissioned by
DuPont. The report discusses the major findings in
the 2014 Global Food Security Index (GFSI)) for the
26 countries of Europe included in the index.
Sustainable Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition in the Post-2015 FrameworkDr Lendy Spires
This document discusses including sustainable agriculture, food security, and nutrition in the Post-2015 development framework. It argues that a comprehensive approach is needed to address these interlinked issues and eliminate hunger and poverty. The document proposes a goal with six targets and related indicators to measure progress in: 1) eliminating hunger, 2) increasing sustainable agricultural productivity, 3) improving environmental sustainability of agriculture, 4) increasing opportunities for smallholder farmers, 5) developing more sustainable food systems, and 6) promoting nutrition security and reducing stunting. The targets and indicators are designed to be ambitious but measurable and applicable globally to track progress towards ensuring food security, good nutrition, and sustainable development by 2030.
WEBINAR: European Commission Discussion of IFPRI’s 2021 Global Food Policy Re...Francois Stepman
13 May 2021. In the 2021 Global Food Policy Report, IFPRI researchers and experts explore the impacts of the pandemic and government policy responses to date, particularly for the poor and disadvantaged, and consider what it all means for transforming our food systems to be healthy, resilient, efficient, sustainable, and inclusive.
During this session, speakers shared evidence on the impact of COVID-19, and discuss the way forward for food systems transformation.
Video recording will be posted shortly on INTPA/Infopoint Conference
Leonard Mizzi - Head of Unit, European Union Directorate General for Planet and Prosperity, European Commission
Johan Swinnen - Director General, International Food Policy Research Institute, IFPRI
John McDermott - Director, CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), IFPRI
Neha Kumar - Senior Research Fellow, International Food Policy Research Institute, IFPRI
Danielle Resnick - Senior Research Fellow, and Theme Leader, Governance, IFPRI
Resource
IFPRI (2021). 2021 Global Food Policy Report: Transforming Food Systems after COVID-19. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. 124
The document proposes a policy framework called the Canadian Food Action Plan (CFAP) to create a national food policy for Canada that supports sustainable agriculture and alleviates poverty. It discusses how past Canadian food policies have failed to adequately address social and environmental issues. The CFAP was developed with input from food studies academics and organizations concerned with food security, sustainability, and poverty. It aims to establish an integrated national food policy that ensures all Canadians can afford healthy food while also promoting sustainable farming practices.
The latest FAO estimates indicate that global hunger reduction continues: about 805 million people are estimated to be chronically undernourished in 2012–14, down more than 100 million over the last decade, and 209 million lower than in 1990–92. In the same period,
the prevalence of undernourishment has fallen from 18.7 to 11.3 percent globally and from 23.4 to 13.5 percent for developing countries.
Functional food consumer survey media webcastFood Insight
The document summarizes key findings from the 2013 IFIC Functional Foods Consumer Survey. Some highlights include:
- Over one-third of consumers consider themselves very or extremely knowledgeable about nutrition.
- About half believe they get most or all nutrients needed for good health from food alone.
- Three out of four are concerned about not getting all nutrients needed.
- Fruits and vegetables, especially berries, are the most commonly named functional foods and are associated with providing specific nutrients.
Vardan Urutyan
GLOBAL FOOD POLICY REPORT
Virtual Event--Discussion on the Implications of the 2020 Global Food Policy Report for Eurasia
Co-Organized by the Eurasian Center for Food Security at Lomonosov Moscow State University, Westminster International University in Tashkent, the World Bank Group, and IFPRI
MAY 27, 2020 - 02:30 PM TO 04:00 PM MSK
Beyond the Arab Awakening:Policies and Investments for Poverty Reduction and...IFPRIMENA
This document discusses food security challenges in Arab countries and policies to address them. It finds that while some official data showed promising economic growth, many people remained dissatisfied with their standard of living due to underestimated poverty and inequality. Agriculture growth was not always pro-poor. The document advocates for country-specific strategies like Yemen's National Food Security Strategy developed with IFPRI, which assesses food insecurity levels and outlines targeted actions. It also discusses IFPRI's work providing data and analysis to support evidence-based decision making in areas like water resources, climate impacts, and building resilience in the region.
Presentation by Clemens Breisinger, Research Fellow at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) at "Consultative and Planning Workshop for Reactivating National Food Security Strategy", September 18-19 in Sana’a, Yemen.
This report provides an overview of food waste issues globally and within the UK. It finds that over a third of global food production is wasted, with similar proportions wasted in developing and developed nations through different causes. In developing countries most waste occurs pre-and post-harvest due to lack of infrastructure and technology. In the UK, 15 million tonnes of food are wasted annually, with nearly three quarters occurring at the consumer stage, especially of perishable products. Reducing food waste across supply chains is important for improving global food security.
The document discusses the impacts of COVID-19 on global food security. It notes that the global economic downturn caused by the pandemic could increase the number of people living in extreme poverty by nearly 150 million. It also finds that a 5% recession would lead to declines in the consumption of nutritious foods like fruits and vegetables. Additionally, the document reports that 21 countries initially imposed export restrictions in response to the pandemic, affecting about 5% of global food trade, though only 2% remain in place currently.
Food security refers to reliable access to nutritious food, while food insecurity means limited or uncertain availability of nutritious foods. Developing countries in Africa and other parts of the third world have high population growth and are at greatest risk of food insecurity due to factors like soil degradation, pests, diseases, conflicts and wars, and increased frequency of droughts and other climate-related disasters. Corruption and political instability in these nations also undermine international food aid efforts.
This document provides a summary of the Secretary-General's report on progress towards achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. It highlights that while progress has been made in reducing poverty, hunger, and disease since 2000, intensified efforts are still needed to meet all of the SDG targets by 2030, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia. Key updates included are that the number of people living in extreme poverty decreased from 1.7 billion in 1999 to 767 million in 2013, and child mortality rates declined globally but remain highest in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Challenges remain such as improving social protections, increasing resilience to disasters, and boosting investments in agriculture.
Sisay Sinamo Boltena
SPECIAL EVENT
Funding Food System Transformation in Developing Countries: An example from Ethiopia
UNFSS Side Event -- Co-organized by IFPRI, The Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, CGIAR
SEP 24, 2021 - 08:00 AM TO 09:30 AM EDT
- The document discusses the role of food aid and alternatives in Southern Africa, focusing on Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. It revisits the response to the 2001-2002 food crisis in the region.
- Agriculture in the region has traditionally focused on maize production, creating a fragile system reliant on rain-fed agriculture by smallholders. National marketing boards historically played a key role in purchasing, distributing, and subsidizing maize and maize meal.
- The food crisis response was better late than never for Malawi. The regional crisis highlighted the complex challenges facing humanitarian action, including meeting emergency needs while addressing the effects of policies like market liberalization and structural adjustment.
This document summarizes a study on global food losses and waste. The study found that approximately one-third of all food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted, amounting to about 1.3 billion tons per year. Food is lost at various stages of the supply chain from production to consumption. In developing countries, food is mostly lost early in the supply chain during harvesting, storage, and transport due to financial and infrastructure limitations. In developed countries, more food is wasted at the consumer level due to quality standards, overpurchasing, and consumer behavior. Reducing food losses has potential to increase the efficiency of the food system and help address hunger. However, more research is still needed to better understand the issue of global food
Este documento presenta información estadística sobre la dinámica agropecuaria en Perú entre 2004 y 2013. Incluye datos sobre indicadores macroeconómicos del sector agrícola, población, áreas de cultivo, producción y rendimientos de principales cultivos y productos pecuarios, agroindustria y comercialización. El documento analiza las tendencias en el PBI agrícola, superficies cultivadas, volúmenes de producción, precios al productor y comercialización de productos en el principal mercado mayorista de
El documento resume la dinámica empresarial en Perú en el cuarto trimestre de 2014. Se registraron 61,629 nuevas empresas, una disminución del 2.1% con respecto al año anterior. También se dieron de baja 46,370 empresas, un aumento del 58.6%. El resultado fue un saldo positivo de 15,259 empresas. La mayoría de nuevas empresas pertenecían al comercio minorista, servicios empresariales y comercio mayorista.
El resumen describe el lanzamiento de un Pacto Nacional para garantizar el origen legal de la madera producida en Perú, con el objetivo de que para 2021 toda la madera destinada al comercio nacional o exportación provenga de fuentes legales verificadas. También señala que las exportaciones peruanas del sector maderas tuvieron un aumento del 4.77% entre enero y noviembre de 2014 respecto al mismo periodo del año anterior, lideradas por China, México y Estados Unidos como principales mercados de destino.
MINCETUR - Plan Estrategico Nacional Exportador 2025Hernani Larrea
El documento presenta el Plan Estratégico Nacional Exportador (PENX) 2025, el cual actualiza el PENX 2003-2013. El PENX 2025 tiene como objetivo principal la internacionalización de las empresas peruanas. El PENX 2003-2013 tuvo éxito al cumplir el 87% de sus metas y aumentar sustancialmente las exportaciones no tradicionales. Sin embargo, se requiere actualizar el plan debido a cambios en el contexto económico y comercial nacional e internacional desde su creación. El PENX 2025 busca que Perú dependa
El documento resume las noticias y estadísticas de la industria pesquera peruana de enero a noviembre de 2014. Se inició la veda de langostino y no habrá segunda temporada de pesca de anchoveta debido a bajos niveles de biomasa. Las exportaciones totales de pesca crecieron un 8,7% impulsadas por un aumento del 6,6% en pesca tradicional. Dentro de la pesca no tradicional, las exportaciones de crustáceos crecieron un 33,3% lideradas por lang
This document summarizes research on understanding changing consumer behavior and how businesses can capitalize on opportunities from those changes to energize global growth. Key points:
- Consumers are changing in networked, independent, communal, conscientious, and minimalist ways that impact how and why they consume.
- Businesses must understand these "how" and "why" dimensions to meet high expectations for growth, not just focus on "where" and "who".
- Industries associated with changing behaviors like experiences and sustainability are growing much faster than overall economies.
- "Industry growth leaders" develop advanced analytics, adaptive mindsets, and agile organizations to stay close to consumers and respond quickly to changes
The document proposes a solution to address the lack of public access to water and sanitation facilities in San Francisco. It suggests installing three types of water stations - decorative wash stations, functional wash stations, and "dignity stations" with showers and laundry. An awareness campaign would fund the stations through crowd-sourcing and make donations easy. An initial pilot station was tested. The proposal outlines timelines, teams, funding strategies and next steps to expand the program.
Exploring your media with the Semantic Webvrt-medialab
VRT has a large audiovisual archive that is used daily. However, the contents of videos cannot be automatically interpreted by machines. Textual metadata is needed to help systems find the correct videos. By linking metadata tags to external open data sources like DBpedia, GeoNames, and MusicBrainz using semantic triples, a network of linked knowledge can be created. This allows machines to deduce extra information and provides context about resources mentioned in the metadata. Enhancing metadata with Linked Open Data technology renders the media collection more transparent by enabling innovative exploration features.
The document discusses the debate around private clouds versus public clouds. It presents perspectives from various industry experts and panelists on whether private clouds can truly be considered clouds and the advantages and disadvantages of private versus public clouds. Experts expressed mixed views, with some arguing private clouds are just data center modernization and not true clouds, while others saw potential benefits of private clouds for certain organizations.
1. The document provides instructions on how to use the Internet Explorer web browser to access websites, use basic functions like back/forward buttons, and conduct searches using various search engines.
2. It explains how to start Internet Explorer, navigate to known websites by entering addresses, and use the toolbar buttons to navigate between pages.
3. Additionally, it outlines how to use search engines like Google and Yahoo to search for information online and provides instructions for saving web pages and images to a local computer.
Iterators, ArrayAccess & Countable (Oh My!) - Madison PHP 2014Sandy Smith
This document summarizes Sandy Smith's presentation on iterators, ArrayAccess, and Countable interfaces in PHP. The presentation introduces the Standard PHP Library and focuses on how implementing these interfaces allows user-space objects to be treated like native data types. It provides examples of implementing the Iterator, ArrayAccess, Countable, and Serializable interfaces to make a class iterable, indexable like an array, countable, and serializable. Additional "magic methods" and iterators are discussed that expand functionality. The presentation aims to demonstrate how to make custom data objects behave like built-in PHP types.
Otgonkhuu is a Mongolian name. Mongolia is a landlocked country located between China and Russia. Names in Mongolia often reflect cultural traditions and values important to the culture.
Media Square : platform for second screen experiencesvrt-medialab
MediaSquare is a second screen app that allows users to interact digitally with primetime TV content by talking about it, having dialogues, voting in polls, recommending content to others, and playing games related to what they are watching. The app tests showed that 61% of 30,307 users participated in a diabetes screening poll, with 25% unaware they had the condition.
This document discusses various methods for obtaining and structuring metadata to help organize media content. It outlines both automated and manual approaches, including using extraction tools to generate low-level metadata, crowd-sourcing metadata from user interactions, and enhancing existing metadata by linking it to external knowledge bases using Linked Open Data. The key message is that no single approach is perfect, and the best solution involves trying multiple techniques like manual annotation, repurposing existing metadata, and leveraging automated tools.
The document discusses innovation in file-based media production workflows. It begins by describing the transition from linear tape-based workflows to centralized file-based workflows using IT technology. This introduces new challenges around interoperability, asset management, automation and standardization. The rest of the document outlines a CHAMP platform that aims to address these challenges and provide fit-for-purpose tools. It then provides a use case example of using such tools for a tour production. Finally, it discusses future trends like cloud-based production workflows and transmedia storytelling across multiple platforms. The conclusion emphasizes focusing on both operational excellence and differentiating technology.
To support governments as they develop national food and nutrition plans and targets, we have produced a new policy brief in collaboration with NCD Alliance.
This document discusses including sustainable agriculture, food security, and nutrition in the post-2015 development framework. It argues that a comprehensive approach is needed to address these interrelated issues and eliminate hunger and poverty. Specifically, it recommends a goal with targets and indicators that: 1) measure progress on eradicating hunger; 2) measure sustainable food production, productivity, consumption, and systems focusing on smallholder farmers including women; and 3) measure improved nutrition outcomes. This integrated approach recognizes the linkages between agriculture, food systems, nutrition and development outcomes and is needed to sustainably address extreme poverty and hunger.
Dr Dev Kambhampati | World Bank- Agriculture for Nutrition in Latin America &...Dr Dev Kambhampati
This document provides guidance for mainstreaming nutrition into agriculture projects in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). It begins with an introduction on the importance of nutrition-sensitive agriculture for food security and an overview of the current situation in LAC. It then offers opportunities to impact nutrition outcomes through policy changes and program design. Country notes on Haiti, Brazil and Guatemala provide examples. The document concludes with guidance on measuring nutrition results of agriculture interventions in the region. The overall aim is to bridge the conceptual framework with practical tools to help project managers design nutrition-sensitive agriculture initiatives in LAC.
GCARD2: Briefing paper Household Nutrition Security (WFP)GCARD Conferences
While the research agenda is growing, there remains limited concrete evidence on how agriculture–nutrition linkages work. A mapping exercise has been completed by DFID/LCIRAH outlining the research gaps. However more nutrition-relevant data from agricultural interventions needs to be generated, collected and shared, and nutritional indicators need to be included in evaluations. LCIRAH identify the need for greater understanding of the pathways from agricultural inputs and practices through value chains to effects on food environment, consumption and nutrition.
Visit the conference site for more information: http://www.egfar.org/gcard-2012
Bien que les programmes de recherche se multiplient, il n'existe pas encore de preuves concrètes sur la façon dont les relations entre l’agriculture et la nutrition fonctionnent. Un état des lieux a été réalisé par DFID/LCIRAH montrant les lacunes de la recherche dans ce domaine. Cependant, d'importantes données nutritionnelles pertinentes doivent être générées, collectées et partagées ; et les indicateurs nutritionnels doivent être inclus dans les évaluations. LCIRAH identifie la nécessité pour une large compréhension des mécanismes depuis les intrants et pratiques agricoles, a travers les chaines de valeur et aux effets sur les aliments, la consommation et la nutrition.
Visitez le site de la GCARD2 pour plus d'informations: http://www.egfar.org/gcard-2012
The African Economic Research Consortium (AERC) held its twenty second Senior Policy Seminar on March 09-10, 2020 in Abuja, Nigeria under the theme : “Agriculture and Food Policies for Nutrition in Africa”. Panel member Dr Adebisi Araba, Africa Director, International Center for Tropical Agriculture attended the event.
The document presents findings from the Global Food Security Index (GFSI) and discusses threats to global food security. It finds that after several years of improvement, global food security declined over the past year due to factors like rising food prices and migration. Climate change and natural resource depletion further threaten food security by increasing exposure, sensitivity and reducing resilience. International collaboration is needed to address these challenges and work towards the UN's goal of ending hunger by 2030.
Media Conference on the Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2) ...FAO
The Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2), an inclusive inter-governmental meeting on nutrition jointly organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), will be held at FAO Headquarters, in Rome, 19-21 November 2014.
Notwithstanding progress in many countries, unacceptably high levels of malnutrition persist. As global problems require global solutions, only an intergovernmental conference can legitimately identify the commitments of stakeholders to act decisively to address malnutrition.
Camellia Bucatariu is an international policy development consultant for the Rural Infrastructure & Agro-Industries Division (AGS) at the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). This document discusses recovery and redistribution of safe and nutritious food for human consumption. It provides context on global food security and sustainable development goals. Large amounts of food are lost or wasted annually, impacting natural resources, poverty, and hunger. Recovery and redistribution models aim to prevent waste by receiving safe, nutritious food and redistributing it to those in need. Effective strategies are needed across supply chains in developed and developing countries.
The toolkit was developed to guide companies in reducing food waste. It includes sections on getting started and identifying diverse solutions. Conducting a waste audit is recommended to understand waste streams and identify reduction, reuse, recycling, and disposal opportunities. Establishing donation procedures and partnerships can help increase safe food donation. Overcoming barriers like liability concerns, supply chain challenges, and date labeling practices enables more donation. Diverting unavoidable waste through animal feed is preferable to disposal.
Comments - SDG on Agriculture, Food and Nutrition (Cassia Moraes)Cassia Moraes
As a result of the Rio+20 Outcome Document, the Open Working Group (OWG) on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is preparing a proposal on SDGs for consideration by the General Assembly at its 68th session (September 2013 – September 2014). The group is still defining its focus areas, and one of the issues addressed by the SDGs will be “Sustainable Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition” (OWG 2014). In addition to the official meetings of member-states at the OWG, several organizations have also been proposing thematic areas, targets and indicators for the SDGs. In this essay, I will briefly discuss three proposals for a post-2015 agenda on agriculture, food and nutrition, highlighting their similarities and differences, as well possible improvements. I will also compare them with the latest compilation of Goals and Targets Suggestions from OWG-10. Finally, I will present my own recommendations for a Sustainable Development Goal for this topic, building on the strengths of all previous proposals.
TOWARDS THE FUTURE WE WANT: End hunger and make the transition to sustainabl...Dr Lendy Spires
This document from the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization discusses the need to transition food and agricultural systems towards sustainability. It makes three main points: 1) Ending hunger is essential to achieving sustainable development. 2) Food consumption and production must be more efficient. 3) Governance of food/agriculture must change and transition costs/benefits shared equitably. National governments should establish resource rights, incentivize sustainable practices, promote fair markets, reduce risks to vulnerable groups, and invest in innovation/infrastructure. The FAO calls on countries to commit to accelerating hunger reduction, using guidelines on food security and tenure rights, and supporting sustainable agricultural development.
This document from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization discusses the need to transition food and agricultural systems towards sustainability. It makes three main points:
1. Ending hunger and malnutrition is essential to achieving sustainable development. Fair access to resources, employment, income and social protection programs are needed.
2. Both food consumption and production must be more sustainable and use fewer resources. This requires encouraging sustainable consumption, reducing food waste, adopting climate-smart agriculture, and sustainably intensifying production.
3. Fundamental changes are needed in governance and sharing costs/benefits equitably during the transition to sustainability. National policies should establish resource rights, incentivize sustainable practices, promote fair markets, increase resilience, and invest
Food Waste Reduction Alliance Best Practices to Reduce Food Waste ToolkitJeanne von Zastrow
A toolkit of best practices to reduce food waste, developed by The Food Waste Reduction Alliance, a collaboration of Food Marketing Institute, Grocery Manufacturers Association and National Restaurant Association and 30 member companies with best practices and examples from industry.
Food security exists when all people have access to sufficient nutritious food. Nearly 800 million people face hunger globally. India has a large population living in poverty and facing malnutrition, though poverty has declined in recent years. Agricultural production and exports have fluctuated in India from 2007-2010. Ensuring food security for the growing global population will require increased agricultural output and addressing challenges like water scarcity, climate change, and land degradation. International organizations monitor food security indicators and work to promote initiatives and policies to achieve food security.
The world is facing a nutrition crisis : Approximately 3 Billion people from everyone of the worlds 193 countries have a low quality diets . Over the next 20 years , multiple forms of malnutrition will pose increasingly serious threats to global health. Population growth combined with climate change will place increasing stress on the food systems , particularly in Africa and Asia where there will be an additional two billion people in 2050 . At the same time rapidly increasing urbanisation,particularly in these two regions,will affect hunger and nutrition in complex ways - Both Positively and Negatively
This document provides guidance for developing strategies and programs to prevent food and drink waste. It is organized into four modules:
Module 1 guides mapping and measuring existing food waste to understand opportunities and impacts.
Module 2 outlines policy, information, and motivational strategies to reduce waste, focusing on consumer engagement and business collaboration.
Module 3 details developing consumer campaigns and product changes to prevent household waste.
Module 4 guides individual businesses and voluntary sector programs to reduce retail, manufacturing, and foodservice supply chain waste.
The guidance draws on proven programs demonstrating food waste prevention can be achieved through cross-sector collaboration at national, regional and business levels.
A food policy is designed to influence the operation of the food system network of farms, distributors, restaurants, retailers, and consumers . It impacts on how food is produced, processed, distributed, marketed, consumed, and disposed. Implementing good food policies is crucial to achieving more equitable and sustainable food systems. This paper provides a brief introduction on food policy. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Tolulope J. Ashaolu | Sarhan M. Musa ""Food Policy: An Introduction"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30133.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/food-engineering/30133/food-policy-an-introduction/matthew-n-o-sadiku
Food waste is a major, highly visible global problem. It has recently attracted much attention in the world and has become a priority in the global political agenda. Food waste occurs at different stages of a food value chain, including agriculture, post harvest, processing, distribution, retail, and consumption. Regardless of the causes, we can all pitch in to combat the global challenge and turn waste into worth. This paper provides an introduction on global food waste. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Tolulope J. Ashaolu | Sarhan M. Musa "Global Food Waste: A Primer" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29485.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/food-science/29485/global-food-waste-a-primer/matthew-n-o-sadiku
Nutirtion as an input and outcome of resilience2020resilience
This document discusses integrating nutrition into resilience programming. It notes that many countries face high levels of food insecurity and malnutrition, and that resilience efforts cannot succeed without also addressing nutrition. The document calls for making resilience programs more nutrition-sensitive by strengthening nutrition in policies and information systems, and by designing multi-sectoral prevention, preparedness and response efforts based on nutritional vulnerability analyses. Key actions include monitoring nutritional status indicators, integrating nutrition education into programs, and linking social protection to resilience and nutrition frameworks.
Este documento presenta un resumen actualizado del estado de la biodiversidad en Perú entre 2014-2018. Reporta que se han identificado 36,746 especies de fauna, incluyendo 5,738 vertebrados, y que las especies de plantas reconocidas han disminuido ligeramente a 19,147. Destaca la riqueza de ecosistemas como los bosques, los cuales cubren la mayor parte del territorio, y los ecosistemas de montaña que son cruciales para la regulación hídrica. Finalmente, señala algunas amenazas como el retroceso de los glac
Este documento presenta el Mapa Nacional de Ecosistemas del Perú, el cual identifica 36 ecosistemas continentales distribuidos en 4 regiones naturales del país. El mapa fue elaborado utilizando criterios biofísicos como región natural, bioclima, cobertura vegetal, fisiografía y piso ecológico a escala nacional. El documento también describe algunos de los ecosistemas más representativos como los bosques de colina baja, pajonales de puna húmeda y bosques de terraza no inundable, resaltando su import
This document discusses the concept of the Anthropocene epoch and the debate around officially designating it as a new geological epoch. It notes that scientists have observed human activity beginning to provoke biophysical changes on a planetary scale starting in the 1950s. While some argue this warrants a new epoch, others argue human impacts have been ongoing for thousands of years. The document also discusses how crossing environmental boundaries like climate change could lead to an unsustainable situation if changes are not made to reduce greenhouse gas emissions across all countries. It concludes that despite warnings, reactions to issues like climate change have been slow and societies are in a state of collective denial about the need for change to human activities.
Este documento presenta un resumen del estado ambiental y de recursos naturales en el Perú durante el período 2011-2016. Analiza el desempeño del gobierno en sectores como agricultura, energía y minería, pesca, gestión ambiental, áreas protegidas, entre otros. El objetivo es evaluar los avances y retrocesos en la calidad ambiental, identificar buenas y malas prácticas, y extraer lecciones para el futuro.
El documento describe la importancia de la educación ambiental en el contexto universitario. Señala que las universidades deben enseñar sobre el medio ambiente de manera práctica, teórica e innovadora para que los estudiantes conozcan su entorno y puedan tomar decisiones ambientalmente responsables. También deben formar profesionales comprometidos con la sustentabilidad. Finalmente, propone algunas estrategias como integrar conceptos de educación ambiental y sustentabilidad en todos los aspectos de la universidad, incluyendo los espacios físicos
Este informe resume las exportaciones peruanas en 2014. Las exportaciones totales fueron de US$38,162 millones, un 10.3% menos que en 2013. Los principales mercados de destino fueron China, Estados Unidos, Suiza, Canadá y Brasil. Las exportaciones no tradicionales aumentaron un 5% respecto a 2013, liderados por los sectores agropecuario, textil y pesquero. Dentro del sector agropecuario, los productos con mayores crecimientos fueron la quinua, maca deshidratada y duraznos frescos.
Este documento presenta información estadística sobre la situación de la niñez y adolescencia en Perú. Algunos de los datos clave son: 1) El 58,5% de los hogares peruanos tienen al menos un menor de 18 años, siendo mayor en áreas urbanas. 2) Casi el 78% de los menores viven con sus padres, mientras que el 19% viven con sus abuelos. 3) Cerca del 45% de los hogares con menores reciben algún programa alimentario del gobierno. El documento analiza indicadores poblacionales, de
La producción agropecuaria en diciembre de 2014 presentó resultados mixtos a nivel departamental en Perú. La producción de arroz cáscara y cultivos como alfalfa aumentó en los departamentos de Amazonas, mientras que la producción de papa y papaya disminuyó. Asimismo, la producción de energía eléctrica creció 23.5% en Amazonas debido a mayor generación hidráulica. Los ingresos recaudados por la SUNAT en este departamento también aumentaron 44.4% en comparación al año anterior.
El documento resume las estadísticas de educación y salud con enfoque de género del cuarto trimestre de 2014 en Perú. Se logró la paridad en el acceso a la educación primaria entre niñas y niños. Más adolescentes mujeres que hombres asistieron a la educación secundaria, especialmente en áreas urbanas. Más mujeres que hombres presentaron problemas de salud crónicos y buscaron atención médica.
El documento resume la situación del mercado laboral en Lima Metropolitana en el trimestre de noviembre de 2014 a enero de 2015. La población económicamente activa aumentó ligeramente en 0,9%, y la población ocupada también aumentó 0,9%, llegando a 4.6 millones de personas. La población con educación superior aumentó en mayor medida, mientras que la población con educación primaria o menor disminuyó.
El documento resume la evolución del movimiento migratorio peruano entre 2012 y 2014. En diciembre de 2014, el flujo migratorio total de entradas y salidas fue de 1,176,338 movimientos, un aumento del 6.4% con respecto a diciembre de 2013. El 43.7% de los movimientos ocurrieron en el Aeropuerto Internacional Jorge Chávez y el 42.7% en el Puesto de Control Fronterizo de Santa Rosa. Las entradas de extranjeros aumentaron un 8.1% y las entradas de extranjeros con
PROINVERSION - Por que invertir en Peru 2015Hernani Larrea
El documento describe la solidez macroeconómica del Perú, destacando su alto crecimiento económico, estabilidad, baja inflación, y atractivo para la inversión extranjera. El Perú ha logrado una economía estable con baja deuda pública y amplias reservas internacionales, lo que lo posiciona como una de las economías de más rápido crecimiento en el futuro.
El documento presenta indicadores sobre las siembras de cultivos agrícolas en Perú para las campañas 2014-2015 y 2013-2014. En diciembre de 2014, la superficie sembrada total de los principales cultivos transitorios disminuyó 11.7% con respecto al mismo mes del año anterior. Los cultivos con mayores reducciones fueron el arroz, maíz amiláceo, maíz amarillo duro, trigo y algodón. Sin embargo, las siembras de quinua aumentaron significativamente. Las regiones con mayores reducciones
1. El documento presenta un análisis FODA de los sectores de MYPE e industria y pesquería en el Perú, identificando fortalezas, debilidades, oportunidades y amenazas. 2. Se destacan algunas fortalezas como la existencia de capacidades e instrumentos para asistencia técnica a empresas y fondos para I+D+i, pero también debilidades como la falta de coordinación intersectorial y evaluación de servicios. 3. En pesquería se resaltan la riqueza hidrobiológica y base científica,
Este documento presenta el Plan Estratégico Sectorial Multianual del Ministerio de Agricultura para el periodo 2012-2016. Resume la importancia de la agricultura para el desarrollo del Perú, señalando que casi un tercio de la población vive en zonas rurales y el 50% de sus ingresos proviene de la agricultura. Además, explica que el Ministerio de Agricultura tiene un rol rector en establecer la política agraria nacional y busca articular su ejecución con otros niveles de gobierno para generar
El documento resume los resultados del Índice de Precios al Consumidor (IPC) en diciembre de 2014 y enero-diciembre de 2014 para Perú. En diciembre, el IPC a nivel nacional aumentó 0.13% mientras que en Lima Metropolitana subió 0.23%. En el año, el IPC nacional creció 3.20% y el de Lima Metropolitana 3.22%. Los mayores aumentos de precios en diciembre se dieron en restaurantes, bebidas alcohólicas y salud,
La producción agropecuaria en diciembre de 2014 presentó resultados mixtos a nivel departamental en Perú. La producción de arroz cáscara y cultivos como alfalfa aumentó en departamentos como Amazonas, mientras que la producción de papa y papaya disminuyó. Asimismo, la producción de energía eléctrica creció en 23.5% en Amazonas debido a mayor generación hidráulica, mientras que los ingresos recaudados por SUNAT en el departamento aumentaron 44.4% en comparación a diciembre de 2013
El documento resume que la producción nacional en Perú durante 2014 creció un 2,35% impulsada por el desempeño favorable de la mayoría de sectores excepto pesca, minería y manufactura. Los sectores que más crecieron fueron financiero, comercio, servicios a empresas y telecomunicaciones. En diciembre la producción nacional creció un 0,54% sustentada por casi todos los sectores excepto pesca, minería y manufactura.
Este documento resume la evolución de las exportaciones e importaciones peruanas entre 2013 y 2014. Reporta que las exportaciones disminuyeron 2.7% debido a menores envíos de productos tradicionales como minerales, mientras que las importaciones disminuyeron levemente 0.9% por menores compras de bienes de capital y materiales de construcción. Los principales socios comerciales fueron Estados Unidos, China y Canadá para las exportaciones, y China para las importaciones de productos tradicionales.
En el cuarto trimestre de 2014, la economía peruana registró un crecimiento del 1,0% impulsada principalmente por el aumento del consumo final privado en 2,9% y del consumo del gobierno en 7,4%. La inversión en capital fijo se contrajo en 1,9% debido a la caída en maquinaria y equipo. Las exportaciones disminuyeron en 4,4% por menores ventas de cobre, oro y prendas textiles, mientras que las importaciones se redujeron levemente en 0,3%.
LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.🤯
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Storytelling is an incredibly valuable tool to share data and information. To get the most impact from stories there are a number of key ingredients. These are based on science and human nature. Using these elements in a story you can deliver information impactfully, ensure action and drive change.
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
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involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
B2B payments are rapidly changing. Find out the 5 key questions you need to be asking yourself to be sure you are mastering B2B payments today. Learn more at www.BlueSnap.com.
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The Evolution and Impact of OTT Platforms: A Deep Dive into the Future of Ent...ABHILASH DUTTA
This presentation provides a thorough examination of Over-the-Top (OTT) platforms, focusing on their development and substantial influence on the entertainment industry, with a particular emphasis on the Indian market.We begin with an introduction to OTT platforms, defining them as streaming services that deliver content directly over the internet, bypassing traditional broadcast channels. These platforms offer a variety of content, including movies, TV shows, and original productions, allowing users to access content on-demand across multiple devices.The historical context covers the early days of streaming, starting with Netflix's inception in 1997 as a DVD rental service and its transition to streaming in 2007. The presentation also highlights India's television journey, from the launch of Doordarshan in 1959 to the introduction of Direct-to-Home (DTH) satellite television in 2000, which expanded viewing choices and set the stage for the rise of OTT platforms like Big Flix, Ditto TV, Sony LIV, Hotstar, and Netflix. The business models of OTT platforms are explored in detail. Subscription Video on Demand (SVOD) models, exemplified by Netflix and Amazon Prime Video, offer unlimited content access for a monthly fee. Transactional Video on Demand (TVOD) models, like iTunes and Sky Box Office, allow users to pay for individual pieces of content. Advertising-Based Video on Demand (AVOD) models, such as YouTube and Facebook Watch, provide free content supported by advertisements. Hybrid models combine elements of SVOD and AVOD, offering flexibility to cater to diverse audience preferences.
Content acquisition strategies are also discussed, highlighting the dual approach of purchasing broadcasting rights for existing films and TV shows and investing in original content production. This section underscores the importance of a robust content library in attracting and retaining subscribers.The presentation addresses the challenges faced by OTT platforms, including the unpredictability of content acquisition and audience preferences. It emphasizes the difficulty of balancing content investment with returns in a competitive market, the high costs associated with marketing, and the need for continuous innovation and adaptation to stay relevant.
The impact of OTT platforms on the Bollywood film industry is significant. The competition for viewers has led to a decrease in cinema ticket sales, affecting the revenue of Bollywood films that traditionally rely on theatrical releases. Additionally, OTT platforms now pay less for film rights due to the uncertain success of films in cinemas.
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5. Foreword
At the first International Conference on Nutrition, held in 1992, global leaders
pledged to “act in solidarity to ensure that freedom from hunger becomes a real-
ity.”
Although great progress has been made in reducing the prevalence of hunger,
over 800 million people are still unable to meet their daily calorie needs for liv-
ing healthy lives. About one in nine people go to bed daily on an empty stomach.
In cases where food is available, often the quality of the food does not meet mi-
cronutrient (vitamin and mineral) needs. More than two billion people continue to
suffer from nutritional deficiencies such as vitamin A, iron, zinc and iodine. While
the world is grappling with issues of undernutrition, there is also the growing
problem of obesity, which now affects around 500 million people. Many countries
are facing a triple burden of malnutrition, where undernourishment, micronutri-
ent deficiency and obesity exist in the same community and household.
ICN2 presents another opportunity for the global community to make a commit-
ment and take action to address this global menace. The two outcome documents
of ICN2 - the Rome Declaration and the Framework for Action - will provide the
basis for renewed commitment and focused action for addressing malnutrition
within the coming decade. Experiences from the Millennium Development Goals
indicate that, with a united commitment, we can achieve significant results. We
must now move forward with the same determination as we address new global
challenges through the Sustainable Development Goals.
Having clear indicators to measure progress is very important. Statistics are a
fundamental tool in this process, necessary to identify problems and monitor
progress. The better the data, the better policies can be designed to improve
nutrition worldwide. Without good data, it is impossible to evaluate or deter-
mine the impact of policies, or hold stakeholders accountable for pledges they
make. For statistics to effectively inform food and agriculture policies, they need
to be accessible and clear to policymakers at global, regional and country levels.
This publication presents selected key indicators related to food and nutrition
outcomes that stakeholders can use to prioritise their actions.
This food and nutrition pocketbook was produced jointly by the FAO Statistics and
Nutrition Divisions. It is part of the FAO Statistical Yearbook suite of products and
is one of the tools that can be used as building blocks for evidence-based policy
making. It includes data from FAOSTAT as well as from other partners in the
organization and in the international community.
There are still gaps in the information. We hope that ICN2 will provide the forum
for discussion on ways to improve the data to better monitor nutrition.
Anna Lartey Pietro Gennari
Director, Nutrition Division Chief Statistician and Director, Statistics Division
1
6. Introduction
Overcoming malnutrition in all of its forms – caloric undernourishment, micronu-
trient deficiencies and obesity – requires a combination of interventions in differ-
ent areas that guarantee the availability of and access to healthy diets. Among the
key areas, interventions are required in food systems, public health systems and
the provision of safe water and sanitation. This pocketbook not only focuses on
indicators of food security and nutritional outcomes but also on the determinants
that contribute to healthy lives.
The pocketbook is structured in two sections:
• Thematic spreads related to food security and nutrition, including detailed
food consumption data collected from national household budget surveys,
• Comprehensive country and regional profiles with indicators categorized
by anthropometry, nutritional deficiencies, supplementation, dietary en-
ergy supplies, preceded by their "setting".
The setting provides demographic indicators as well as health status indicators
based on mortality patterns and the provision of safe water and sanitation.
Anthropometry indicators provide information not only on the prevalence of acute
and chronic forms of under-nutrition but also on the prevalence of obesity. Their
co-existence is often referred to as the double burden of malnutrition.
Nutritional deficiency indicators reveal food security issues at the national level
based on the adequacy of energy supplies; they also reveal the prevalence of mi-
cronutrient deficiencies, often referred to as “hidden hunger”. Combined with an-
thropometric measurements, they allow for the identification of the triple burden
of malnutrition (under-nutrition, obesity and hidden hunger). Regarding hidden
hunger, indicators concerning iodine and vitamin A have been selected.
Dietary indicators are based on national food supplies and inform on the overall
quality of diets. Focus is also on the importance of diets during the first 1 000
days of an infant’s life, with indicators selected on the quality of breastfeeding,
dietary diversity and meal frequency.
The choice of indicators was guided by the following criteria: relevance to health,
food security and nutrition, comparability over time, and availability, in particu-
lar for low-income countries. But the criteria were relaxed for several indicators
given their importance and the lack of available substitutes. It is hoped that
the presence of data gaps will bring about greater efforts to collect the neces-
sary information because only with timely and reliable data can interventions
be designed and targeted towards those in most need. Wherever available, dis-
aggregated data by gender have been provided. Such data are indeed key to
mainstreaming gender in policies and programmes.
3
7. Economy
Changes in the wider economy, including
growing global integration, also affect the per-
formance of the agriculture sector. Higher
overall economic growth also raises con-
sumers’ incomes and hence food demand.
Changing interest rates influence capital in-
vestments, land values and storage levels,
while inflation affects input prices, revenues
and credit costs. Fluctuations in exchange
rates have an important bearing on interna-
tional competitiveness and trade flows. While
some sectors have been hard hit, agriculture
has demonstrated resilience during the recent
economic downturn.
CHART 1: Value added in agriculture, industry,
and services as shares of GDP (2012)
0
25
50
75
100
Africa
Asia
Latin
Am
erica
and
the
CaribbeanO
ceania
percent
Agriculture Industry Services
CHART 2: Agriculture value added per worker,
countries with the highest values in 2012
(2000 and 2012)
Bahamas
Germany
Denmark
Austria
Spain
Lebanon
Luxembourg
Singapore
Sweden
Bermuda
Italy
Japan
Australia
Belgium
Finland
Netherlands
Puerto Rico
Norway
Iceland
France
20000 40000 60000
constant 2000 US$
2000 2012
CHART 3: Annual value added in agriculture
growth (2012)
Romania
Republic of
Moldova
Paraguay
Trinidad and
Tobago
Kazakhstan
Azerbaijan
Montenegro
Antigua and
Barbuda
Lesotho
Spain
Gambia
Mauritania
Namibia
Saint Vincent
and the
Grenadines
Afghanistan
Saint Lucia
Belize
Burkina Faso
Mongolia
Sudan
−20 0 20 40
percent
Countries with
highest values
Countries with
lowest values
CHART 4: Value added in agriculture as share of GDP (2000 to 2012)
●
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20
30
2000 2005 2010
percent
● ● ● ●
Africa Asia Latin America
and the Caribbean Oceania
4
8. FIGURE 1: Value added in agriculture as share of GDP (percent, 2012)
Nodataavailable0~<2.32.3~<6.36.3~<1111~<2121~55.84
5
9. Population
A combination of declining mortality rates,
prolonged life expectancy and younger pop-
ulations in regions characterized by high fer-
tility has contributed to world population
growth. While growth rates have been slow-
ing since the late 1960s, the world’s popula-
tion has nevertheless doubled since then, to
approximately 7 billion. Population growth is
generally highest where income levels are low.
This is especially true in cities. Since 2008,
there have been more people living in cities
than in rural areas.
CHART 5: World rural and urban population
(1992 to 2020)
0
2
4
6
8
1992 2000 2010 2020
billionpeople
Rural Urban
Data after 2010 are projections.
CHART 6: Annual population growth over the
last ten years (2013)
Niue
N. Mariana
Islands
Saint Helena
Lithuania
Republic of
Moldova
Latvia
Bulgaria
Wallis and
Futuna Is.
American
Samoa
Ukraine
Eritrea
Turks and
Caicos Is.
Niger
Jordan
Western
Sahara
Oman
Kuwait
Bahrain
United Arab
Emirates
Qatar
−5 0 5 10
percent
Countries with
highest values
Countries with
lowest values
CHART 7: Life expectancy at birth, countries
with the lowest values in 2012 (2000 and
2012)
Sierra Leone
Botswana
Lesotho
Swaziland
Central African
Republic
DR Congo
Mozambique
Côte d'Ivoire
Chad
Angola
Nigeria
Equatorial Guinea
Burundi
Guinea−Bissau
Cameroon
Mali
South Sudan
Somalia
Malawi
Guinea
40 45 50 55
years
2000 2012
CHART 8: Total economically active population (1990 to 2013)
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
0
500
1000
1500
2000
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
millionpeople
● ● ● ●
Africa Asia Latin America
and the Caribbean Oceania
6
10. FIGURE 2: Rural population, share of total population (percent, 2013)
Nodataavailable0~<1616~<3232~<4747~<6565~100
7
11. Prices
High food prices can be an impediment to food
security. By reducing real income, rising prices
can worsen the prevalence of hunger and mal-
nutrition through lowering the quantity and
quality of food consumed. The impact of high
and increasingly volatile prices falls heaviest
on the poor, who may spend as much as 80
percent of their incomes on food. The lack of
dietary diversification aggravates the problem,
as price increases for one staple cannot eas-
ily be compensated for by switching to other
foods. In addition, farmers are less likely to
invest in measures to raise productivity when
price changes are unpredictable. The recent
significant declines in food prices should help
ease these problems.
CHART 9: FAO food price index, annual
deflated (1990 to 2014)
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100
150
200
250
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
index
●
●
●
●
●
●
Food
Meat
Dairy
Cereals
Oils
Sugar
CHART 10: Food consumer price index,
countries with the highest values in 2013
(2000 and 2013)
Egypt
Malawi
Sierra Leone
Jamaica
Sao Tome and
Principe
Suriname
Zambia
Nigeria
Ghana
Haiti
Serbia
Ethiopia
Syria
Kenya
Myanmar
Turkey
Trinidad and
Tobago
Guinea
Venezuela
Angola
0 2000 4000 6000
index
2000 2013
CHART 11: Agriculture producer price index,
countries with the highest values in 2012
(2005 and 2012)
Eritrea
Kazakhstan
Niger
Tajikistan
Kyrgyzstan
Serbia
Ghana
Ukraine
Viet Nam
Mozambique
Indonesia
Argentina
Cuba
Iran
(Islamic Republic of)
Ethiopia
Mongolia
Zambia
Venezuela
Belarus
Mauritius
200 400 600
index
2005 2012
CHART 12: Food consumer price index (2000 to 2013)
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100
200
300
2000 2005 2010
index
● ● ● ● ●
Africa Americas Asia Europe World
8
13. Trade
Most of the food consumed worldwide is
grown locally. Where there is not enough lo-
cal production to meet demand, trade has been
instrumental in filling the gap. The scale of
food and agricultural trade today is unprece-
dented. In real terms, the value of interna-
tional flows has increased around fivefold over
the past 50 years, reflecting global trends in
the overall volume of trade. However, this ex-
pansion has been unevenly distributed across
regions. High-income countries have generally
outpaced developing regions, although several
of the latter have comparative advantages in
food and agricultural production.
TABLE 1: Imports and exports of food (billion
US$, 2011)
Imports Exports
Africa 51 23
Latin Am. and the Carib. 52 112
Oceania 2 1
Asia 203 142
CHART 13: Top food importing countries in
2011 (2000 and 2011)
United Arab
Emirates
Egypt
Malaysia
Indonesia
India
Republic of Korea
Saudi Arabia
Mexico
Canada
Spain
Russian Federation
Belgium
Italy
France
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Japan
Germany
United States
of America
China
0 20 40 60 80
billion US$
2000 2011
CHART 14: Top food exporting countries in
2011 (2000 and 2011)
United Kingdom
Denmark
Poland
Mexico
India
Thailand
Australia
Malaysia
Indonesia
Italy
Argentina
Belgium
Spain
Canada
China
France
Germany
Netherlands
Brazil
United States
of America
0 30 60 90
billion US$
2000 2011
CHART 15: Exports of cereals (2000 to 2011)
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●
●
●
●
0
5
10
15
20
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
billionconstant2005US$
● ● ● ●
Africa Asia Latin America
and the Caribbean Oceania
10
14. FIGURE 4: Import value index (2004-2006 = 100) (index, 2011)
Nodataavailable71~<150150~<180180~<220220~<270270~649
11
15. Undernourishment
Undernourishment refers to food intake that
is insufficient to meet dietary energy require-
ments for an active and healthy life. About 805
million people are estimated to be chronically
undernourished in 2012–14. This number has
fallen by 100 million over the last decade,
and by 209 million since 1990-92. Despite
progress, the number is still high, and marked
differences across regions persist. Latin Amer-
ica and the Caribbean have made the greatest
overall progress, with modest progress in sub-
Saharan Africa and Western Asia, which have
been afflicted by natural disasters and conflict.
TABLE 2: Prevalence of undernourishment
(percent, 1990-92 and 2012-14)
1990-92 2012-14
World 18.7 11.3
Developing countries 23.4 13.5
Africa 27.7 20.5
Asia 23.7 12.7
Latin Am. and the Carib. 15.3 6.1
Oceania 15.7 14
Developed countries <5.0 <5.0
CHART 16: Asian countries with the highest
number of people undernourished in 2012-14
(1990-92 and 2012-14)
Uzbekistan
West Bank and
Gaza Strip
Cambodia
Tajikistan
Iran
(Islamic Republic of)
Nepal
Thailand
Sri Lanka
Yemen
Afghanistan
Iraq
Myanmar
North Korea
Philippines
Viet Nam
Indonesia
Bangladesh
Pakistan
China
India
0 100 200 300
million people
1990−92 2012−14
CHART 17: African countries with the highest
number of people undernourished in 2012-14
(1990-92 and 2012-14)
Central African
Republic
Niger
Guinea
Cameroon
Senegal
Côte d'Ivoire
Burkina Faso
Malawi
Angola
Rwanda
Chad
Zimbabwe
Madagascar
Zambia
Mozambique
Uganda
Kenya
Nigeria
Tanzania
Ethiopia
0 10 20 30
million people
1990−92 2012−14
CHART 18: Number of people undernourished (1990-92 to 2012-14)
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ●
●
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● ● ● ●
●
●
●
●
● ● ●
0
200
400
600
1990−92 2000−02 2005−07 2009−11 2012−14
millionpeople
● ● ● ●
Africa Asia Latin America
and the Caribbean Oceania
12
16. FIGURE 5: Prevalence of people undernourished (percent, 2012-14)
Nodataavailable0~<55~<1515~<2525~<3535~100
13
17. Undernutrition
Undernutrition is just one of the burdens of
malnutrition and is caused by poor absorption
or poor biological use of nutrients consumed
as a result of repeated infectious disease. It
includes being underweight for one’s age, too
short for one’s age (stunted), dangerously thin
for one’s height (wasted) and deficient in vi-
tamins and minerals (micronutrient malnutri-
tion). It can impose high economic and so-
cial costs in countries at all income levels. Mi-
cronutrient deficiencies – namely vitamin A,
anemia and iodine – are forms of undernutri-
tion.
TABLE 3: Countries with highest share of
children under 5 years of age who are wasted
(percent)
Year Share
Mali 1996 27.8
Djibouti 2006 26
the Niger 1998 25.5
South Sudan 2006 24.6
Timor-Leste 2007 24.5
CHART 19: Percentage of children under 5
years of age who are underweight, highest 20
(2005 to 2012*)
Myanmar
DR Congo
Nigeria
Burkina Faso
Mali
Central African
Republic
Cambodia
Burundi
Nepal
Ethiopia
Côte d'Ivoire
Djibouti
Pakistan
Laos
South Sudan
Somalia
Bangladesh
Niger
India
Timor−Leste
25 30 35 40 45
percent
CHART 20: Percentage of children under 5
years of age who are stunted, highest 20
(2005 to 2012*)
Somalia
Tanzania
Pakistan
Mozambique
DR Congo
Papua New
Guinea
Ethiopia
Rwanda
Benin
Sierra Leone
Central African
Republic
Zambia
Laos
Malawi
India
Guatemala
Madagascar
Niger
Burundi
Timor−Leste
45 50 55
percent
TABLE 4: Countries with the lowest vitamin A
supplementation coverage rate among
children ages 6-59 months (percent)
Year Share
Sao Tome and Principe 1999 95.6
Mali 1997 92.7
Haiti 1999 92
Ethiopia 1993 88.2
Burkina Faso 1999 84.5
TABLE 5: Countries with the highest
prevalence of iodine deficiency in children
under 5 years of age (percent)
Year Share
Lesotho 1999 100
Ghana 1998 100
Chad 1994 99.6
Tunisia 1993 99.1
Turkey 2006 97.9
14
18. FIGURE 6: Prevalence of anemia among children under 5 years of age (percent, 2011)
Nodataavailable5~<2020~<3535~<4545~<6565~90
15
19. Overweight/Obesity
Overweight and obesity are defined as abnor-
mal or excessive fat accumulation that may im-
pair health. These phenomena are measured
by the Body Mass Index (BMI); a BMI above
than 25 kg/m2
indicates overweight, and obe-
sity if it exceeds a level of 30 kg/m2
. A high
BMI is associated with a higher prevalence of
non-communicable diseases, including cardio-
vascular disease, type-2 diabetes, various can-
cers and osteoarthritis. The global prevalence
of overweight and obesity has risen in all re-
gions and is also increasing in nearly all coun-
tries.
CHART 21: Prevalence of over-acquisition
(1990-92 and 2012-14)
0
10
20
30
40
D
eveloped
countries
D
eveloping
countries
W
orld
percent
1990−92 2012−14
CHART 22: Prevalence of overweight among
children under 5, countries with the highest
values, male (2005 to 2012*)
Morocco
Kyrgyzstan
Uzbekistan
Algeria
West Bank and
Gaza Strip
Kazakhstan
Azerbaijan
Mongolia
Iraq
Macedonia
Serbia
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Syria
Montenegro
Armenia
Egypt
South Africa
Georgia
Libya
Albania
12 15 18 21
percent
CHART 23: Prevalence of overweight among
children under 5, countries with the highest
values, female (2005 to 2012*)
Benin
Kazakhstan
Sao Tome and
Principe
Algeria
Uzbekistan
Montenegro
Mongolia
Azerbaijan
Indonesia
Iraq
Armenia
Serbia
Macedonia
South Africa
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Syria
Georgia
Egypt
Libya
Albania
15 20
percent
CHART 24: Prevalence of over-acquisition (1990-92 to 2012-14)
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
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●
●
●
● ● ● ● ● ●
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●
●
●
● ● ● ● ●
●
● ● ●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
20
25
30
1990−92 2000−02 2005−07 2009−11 2012−14
percent
● ● ● ●
Africa Asia Latin America
and the Caribbean Oceania
16
20. FIGURE 7: Prevalence of overweight and obesity, adults (percent, 2008)
Nodataavailable7.4~<2222~<3737~<5757~<7272~92.9
17
21. Food security indicators
Food security is a complex phenomenon that
manifests itself in numerous physical condi-
tions resulting from multiple causes. The
World Food Summit of 1996 established four
dimensions of food security: availability, ac-
cess, stability and utilization.The State of Food
Insecurity in the World 2013 introduced a suite
of indicators organized around these four di-
mensions with a view to overcoming the draw-
backs that arise from relying solely on one in-
dicator for the measurement of food security
- the prevalence of undernourishment indica-
tor. Availability captures not only the quan-
tity, but also the quality and diversity of food.
Access comprises indicators of physical access
and infrastructure. Stability is divided into two
groups: the first covers factors that measure
exposure to food security risk, and the second
focuses on the incidence of shocks. Utilization
includes variables that determine the ability to
utilize food as well as the outcomes of poor
utilization.
All available data for each dimension of food
security have been compiled, and changes in
these dimensions of time have been analysed.
Overall, the analyses suggest positive devel-
opments over time. Many developing coun-
tries have made significant progress in improv-
ing overall food security and nutrition. But this
progress has been uneven across both regions
and dimensions of food security. Sub-Saharan
Africa and Southern Asia have made the least
headway, while Eastern Asia and Latin Amer-
ica have made the most progress in improving
food security.
Food security indicators, data and meta-
data, are available at: http://www.fao.org/
publications/sofi/2014/en/
18
23. Dietary energy supply
The dietary energy supply (DES) is the food
available for human consumption, expressed
in kilocalories per person per day. At the coun-
try level, it is calculated as the food remaining
for human use after taking out all non-food uti-
lization, including exports, industrial use, ani-
mal feed, seed, wastage and changes in stocks.
In 1961 the average global calorie availability
was as low as 2 193 kcal/cap/day; by 2011,
it had reached 2 868 kcal/cap/day, and was
centered more around a narrow base of staple
grains as well as meat and dairy products.
CHART 25: Share of DES (2009-11)
0
20
40
60
80
D
eveloped
countries
D
eveloping
countries
W
orld
percent
Cereals
(excl. beer)
Starchy roots
Sugar and
sweeteners
Milk
(excl. butter)
Meat and offals
Veg. oils and
animal fats
CHART 26: Dietary energy supply, top 20 in
2009-11 (1990-92 and 2009-11)
United Kingdom
Lithuania
Poland
Kuwait
Switzerland
Norway
Greece
Egypt
Portugal
Germany
France
Israel
Italy
Luxembourg
Ireland
Montenegro
United States
of America
Turkey
Belgium
Austria
2500 3000 3500
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 27: Dietary energy supply, bottom 20
in 2009-11 (1990-92 and 2009-11)
Zambia
Chad
Namibia
Timor−Leste
Madagascar
Ethiopia
Tajikistan
North Korea
Afghanistan
Haiti
Tanzania
Rwanda
Central African
Republic
Congo
Kenya
Yemen
Zimbabwe
Bolivia
Mozambique
Botswana
1600 1800 2000 2200
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 28: Dietary energy supply (1990-92 to 2009-11)
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●
●
● ● ●
●
●
●
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●
●
●
●
●
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● ●
●
●
●
● ● ● ● ● ●
●
● ● ● ● ●
●
●
●
● ● ● ●
● ●
●
●
●
● ●
●
● ● ● ● ● ●
●
●
●
●
●
●
2400
2600
2800
1995 2000 2005 2010
kcal/cap/day
● ● ● ●
Africa Asia Latin America
and the Caribbean Oceania
20
24. FIGURE 8: Dietary energy supply (kcal/cap/day, 2009-11)
Nodataavailable1912~<23602360~<26902690~<29802980~<33203320~3785
21
25. Cereals - excluding beer
Cereals are made up of wheat, rice, barley,
maize, rye, oats, millet, sorghum and others.
Cereals are the most important food source
for human consumption. Developing countries
surpassed developed ones in total cereal con-
sumption in the early 1980s and now account
for 61 percent of world consumption. World
average per capita rice consumption has lev-
eled off since the late 1980s, following mild
declines in several countries of Eastern and
Southern Asia. Similar trends characterize con-
sumption trends for wheat.
CHART 29: Food supply of cereals (1990-92
and 2009-11)
0
500
1000
D
eveloped
countries
D
eveloping
countries
W
orld
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 30: Food supply of cereals, top 20 in
2009-11 (1990-92 and 2009-11)
Niger
Iraq
Viet Nam
Laos
Afghanistan
Turkey
Nepal
Turkmenistan
Cambodia
Algeria
Indonesia
Tunisia
Burkina Faso
Azerbaijan
Gambia
Mali
Bangladesh
Morocco
Lesotho
Egypt
1500 1800 2100
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 31: Food supply of cereals, bottom 20
in 2009-11 (1990-92 and 2009-11)
Rwanda
Samoa
Central African
Republic
Uganda
Congo
Grenada
Bahamas
Antigua and
Barbuda
Somalia
Iceland
Bermuda
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Cyprus
Angola
Netherlands
Spain
Dominican Republic
Australia
Switzerland
Ecuador
300 400 500 600 700 800
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 32: Food supply of cereals (1990-92 to 2009-11)
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●
●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
1000
1200
1400
1995 2000 2005 2010
kcal/cap/day
● ● ● ●
Africa Asia Latin America
and the Caribbean Oceania
22
26. FIGURE 9: Share of DES from cereals (percent, 2009-11)
Nodataavailable18~<3030~<4040~<5151~<6565~78
23
27. Starchy roots
Starchy roots include potatoes, sweet pota-
toes, cassava, yams and other roots, and
they represent the mainstay of diets in poor
countries, many of which are located in sub-
Saharan Africa and are characterized by low
overall food consumption levels. The high de-
pendence on roots, tubers and plantains re-
flects the agro-ecological conditions of these
countries and, to a large extent, also the per-
sistence of poverty and lack of progress to-
wards diet diversification.
CHART 33: Food supply of starchy roots
(1990-92 and 2009-11)
0
50
100
150
D
eveloped
countries
D
eveloping
countries
W
orld
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 34: Food supply of starchy roots, top
20 in 2009-11 (1990-92 and 2009-11)
Malawi
Peru
Madagascar
Sao Tome and
Principe
Cameroon
Liberia
Gabon
Uganda
Vanuatu
Togo
Nigeria
Rwanda
Central African
Republic
Angola
Mozambique
Congo
Benin
Solomon Islands
Côte d'Ivoire
Ghana
200 500 800 1100
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 35: Food supply of starchy roots,
bottom 20 in 2009-11 (1990-92 and
2009-11)
Afghanistan
Honduras
Guatemala
United Arab
Emirates
Mauritania
Iraq
Gambia
Yemen
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
West Bank and
Gaza Strip
Malaysia
Djibouti
Mexico
Belize
Nicaragua
Niger
Pakistan
Burkina Faso
Republic of Korea
20 40 60
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 36: Food supply of starchy roots (1990-92 to 2009-11)
●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●
● ● ●
●
●
● ● ● ●
● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●100
200
300
1995 2000 2005 2010
kcal/cap/day
● ● ● ●
Africa Asia Latin America
and the Caribbean Oceania
24
28. FIGURE 10: Share of DES from starchy roots (percent, 2009-11)
Nodataavailable0~<4.54.5~<99~<1717~<2424~40
25
29. Sugar and sweeteners
This group includes sugar cane, sugar beet,
honey and other sweeteners. Consumption
of sugar has been growing rapidly in devel-
oping countries, which now accounts for al-
most three-quarters of global consumption, up
from just over half in the 1980s. Consump-
tion in high-income countries has stagnated,
partially as a result of the rapid expansion of
corn-based sweeteners in the United States of
America.
CHART 37: Food supply of sugar and
sweeteners (1990-92 and 2009-11)
0
100
200
300
400
D
eveloped
countries
D
eveloping
countries
W
orld
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 38: Food supply of sugar and
sweeteners, top 20 in 2009-11 (1990-92 and
2009-11)
Croatia
Kiribati
Argentina
Suriname
Chile
Denmark
Mexico
Germany
Jamaica
Saint Lucia
Guatemala
Belgium
Costa Rica
Barbados
New Zealand
Malta
Switzerland
United States
of America
Cuba
Trinidad and
Tobago
350 400 450 500 550 600
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 39: Food supply of sugar and
sweeteners, bottom 20 in 2009-11 (1990-92
and 2009-11)
Nepal
North Korea
Niger
Rwanda
Sierra Leone
Benin
Burkina Faso
Laos
Ethiopia
China
Liberia
Bangladesh
Madagascar
Central African
Republic
Turkmenistan
Afghanistan
Chad
Cameroon
Côte d'Ivoire
Zambia
50 100 150 200
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 40: Food supply of sugar and sweeteners (1990-92 to 2009-11)
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●
●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
200
300
400
1995 2000 2005 2010
kcal/cap/day
● ● ● ●
Africa Asia Latin America
and the Caribbean Oceania
26
30. FIGURE 11: Share of DES from sugar and sweeteners (percent, 2009-11)
Nodataavailable0~<55~<8.58.5~<1111~<1515~21
27
31. Fruit and vegetables
World production of fruit and vegetables has
experienced a remarkable increase. Output
has been growing at an annual rate of approx-
imately 3 percent during the last decade. But,
beyond their monetary value, fruit and vegeta-
bles play an important role in improving di-
ets. WHO and FAO recommend a minimum of
400 g of fruit and vegetables per day – exclud-
ing starchy root crops – for the prevention of
chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer
and diabetes, and for the prevention and alle-
viation of several micronutrient deficiencies.
CHART 41: Food supply of fruit and
vegetables (1990-92 and 2009-11)
0
50
100
150
D
eveloped
countries
D
eveloping
countries
W
orld
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 42: Food supply of fruit and
vegetables, top 20 in 2009-11 (1990-92 and
2009-11)
Italy
Algeria
Cuba
Saint Vincent
and the
Grenadines
Armenia
Greece
Dominican Republic
Turkey
Israel
China
Egypt
Sao Tome and
Principe
Montenegro
Dominica
Albania
Iran
(Islamic Republic of)
Uganda
Ghana
Gabon
Rwanda
100 200 300 400
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 43: Food supply of fruit and
vegetables, bottom 20 in 2009-11 (1990-92
and 2009-11)
Burkina Faso
Chad
Ethiopia
Togo
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Gambia
Lesotho
Somalia
Mozambique
Timor−Leste
Nicaragua
Namibia
Mongolia
Bangladesh
Mauritania
Afghanistan
Cambodia
Djibouti
Fiji
20 40 60
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 44: Food supply of fruit and vegetables (1990-92 to 2009-11)
●
● ● ● ●
●
● ● ● ● ● ●
● ●
● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ●
●
● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ●
● ●
●
●
● ● ●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
100
125
150
175
1995 2000 2005 2010
kcal/cap/day
● ● ● ●
Africa Asia Latin America
and the Caribbean Oceania
28
32. FIGURE 12: Share of DES from fruit and vegetables (percent, 2009-11)
Nodataavailable0~<3.53.5~<6.56.5~<99~<1313~20
29
33. Meat
Meat includes bovine, mutton and goat, pig
meat and poultry. Although the world econ-
omy is now growing at a slower rate, higher
incomes have caused a shift in diets towards
more animal-based products, notably towards
more meat. This shift has been particularly
strong in developing countries, with the poul-
try sector underpinning growth. For instance,
meat consumption in China went from ap-
proximately 29 kcal/cap/day in the 1960s to
about 450 kcal/cap/day today. Agriculture is
being affected, not only through the growth
of livestock production, but also through the
linkages to other sectors that supply feeding
stuffs, such as crops and fisheries. Globally,
livestock production is the largest user of agri-
cultural land.
CHART 45: Food supply of meat (1990-92 and
2009-11)
0
100
200
300
D
eveloped
countries
D
eveloping
countries
W
orld
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 46: Food supply of meat, top 20 in
2009-11 (1990-92 and 2009-11)
Chile
United States
of America
Montenegro
United Kingdom
Saint Lucia
China
New Zealand
Austria
Mongolia
French Polynesia
Switzerland
Australia
Samoa
France
Bahamas
Iceland
Bermuda
Finland
Argentina
Luxembourg
300 400 500 600
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 47: Food supply of meat, bottom 20 in
2009-11 (1990-92 and 2009-11)
Bangladesh
India
Sri Lanka
Sierra Leone
Rwanda
Gambia
Guinea
Nigeria
Nepal
Ethiopia
Tanzania
Ghana
Côte d'Ivoire
Malawi
Togo
Benin
Chad
Mozambique
Liberia
Zambia
20 40 60
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 48: Food supply of meat (1990-92 to 2009-11)
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●
●
●
●
●
● ●
●
● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●
●
●
● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ●
● ●
●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ●
100
150
200
250
300
1995 2000 2005 2010
kcal/cap/day
● ● ● ●
Africa Asia Latin America
and the Caribbean Oceania
30
34. FIGURE 13: Share of DES from meat (percent, 2009-11)
Nodataavailable0~<55~<1010~<1212~<1616~23
31
35. Oilcrops
The oilcrops group is made up of soyabeans,
groundnuts, sunflower seed, rape and mus-
tard seed, cotton seed, coconuts, sesame seed,
palm kernels and olives. This has been one
of the most vibrant sectors of world agricul-
ture in recent decades. One of the key reasons
for this has been an increase in use of these
products for both food and non-food purposes.
World production, consumption and trade of
oilcrops have been dominated by a small num-
ber of crops, however, including oilpalm, soy-
beans and rapeseed.
CHART 49: Food supply of oilcrops (1990-92
and 2009-11)
0
20
40
60
D
eveloped
countries
D
eveloping
countries
W
orld
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 50: Food supply of oilcrops, top 20 in
2009-11 (1990-92 and 2009-11)
Central African
Republic
Gabon
Israel
Ghana
Benin
French Polynesia
Zambia
Guyana
Cameroon
Uganda
Niger
Burkina Faso
Fiji
Solomon Islands
Chad
Sri Lanka
Sao Tome and
Principe
Vanuatu
Samoa
Kiribati
0 200 400 600
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 51: Food supply of oilcrops, bottom
20 in 2009-11 (1990-92 and 2009-11)
Kyrgyzstan
Argentina
Mongolia
Azerbaijan
Venezuela
Nepal
Iraq
Georgia
Estonia
Tajikistan
Bolivia
Uzbekistan
Namibia
Republic of
Moldova
Madagascar
Iran
(Islamic Republic of)
Honduras
Hungary
Ukraine
Afghanistan
0 5 10 15
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 52: Food supply of oilcrops (1990-92 to 2009-11)
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
100
200
1995 2000 2005 2010
kcal/cap/day
● ● ● ●
Africa Asia Latin America
and the Caribbean Oceania
32
36. FIGURE 14: Share of DES from oilcrops (percent, 2009-11)
Nodataavailable0~<11~<3.53.5~<7.77.7~<1313~21
33
37. Fish
Fish is an important component in people’s di-
ets, providing about 2.9 billion people with
almost 20 percent of their average intake of
animal protein. Capture fisheries continue to
dominate world output, but aquaculture ac-
counts for a growing percentage of total fish
supply. Fishery sectors are particularly im-
portant in developing countries, for providing
both food and livelihoods.
CHART 53: Food supply of fish (1990-92 and
2009-11)
0
20
40
D
eveloped
countries
D
eveloping
countries
W
orld
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 54: Food supply of fish, top 20 in
2009-11 (1990-92 and 2009-11)
France
Solomon Islands
Cambodia
Fiji
Vanuatu
Barbados
Antigua and
Barbuda
Spain
Myanmar
Portugal
French Polynesia
Samoa
Malaysia
Republic of Korea
Lithuania
Norway
Japan
Kiribati
Iceland
Maldives
100 200 300
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 55: Food supply of fish, bottom 20 in
2009-11 (1990-92 and 2009-11)
Ethiopia
Afghanistan
Uzbekistan
Tajikistan
Mongolia
Guinea−Bissau
Paraguay
Lesotho
Guatemala
Rwanda
West Bank and
Gaza Strip
Swaziland
Bolivia
Zimbabwe
Pakistan
Niger
Nepal
Liberia
Kyrgyzstan
Djibouti
0 5 10
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 56: Food supply of fish (1990-92 to 2009-11)
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ●
● ● ●
● ● ● ● ●
●
●
●
● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
20
40
60
80
1995 2000 2005 2010
kcal/cap/day
● ● ● ●
Africa Asia Latin America
and the Caribbean Oceania
34
38. FIGURE 15: Share of DES from fish (percent, 2009-11)
Nodataavailable0~<11~<22~<3.53.5~<55~13
35
39. Milk - excluding butter
Milk products vary significantly from region to
region and among countries in the same re-
gion, depending on available technology, di-
etary habits, and cultural norms. Until now, the
per capita consumption of milk and milk prod-
ucts has been greater in high-income coun-
tries. But this gap, vis-à-vis developing coun-
tries, is shrinking as incomes are rising, popu-
lations are growing and more people are mov-
ing to cities. This growing demand for milk and
milk products offers an opportunity for produc-
ers (and other actors in the dairy chain) in high-
potential, peri-urban areas to enhance their
livelihoods through increased production.
CHART 57: Food supply of milk (1990-92 and
2009-11)
0
100
200
300
D
eveloped
countries
D
eveloping
countries
W
orld
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 58: Food supply of milk, top 20 in
2009-11 (1990-92 and 2009-11)
Germany
Ireland
United Kingdom
France
Belgium
Kyrgyzstan
Estonia
Somalia
United States
of America
Luxembourg
Switzerland
Sweden
Greece
Romania
Kazakhstan
Finland
Netherlands
Montenegro
Albania
Iceland
300 400 500
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 59: Food supply of milk, bottom 20 in
2009-11 (1990-92 and 2009-11)
Liberia
Laos
Mozambique
North Korea
Cambodia
Togo
Malawi
Sierra Leone
Timor−Leste
Ghana
Zambia
Solomon Islands
Nigeria
Côte d'Ivoire
Philippines
Indonesia
Angola
Benin
Viet Nam
Congo
10 20 30 40
kcal/cap/day
1990−92 2009−11
CHART 60: Food supply of milk (1990-92 to 2009-11)
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●
●
● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●
●
●
●
●
●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●
●
● ●
●
●
●
● ● ● ●
●
●
●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ●
●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●
●
●
●
● ● ●
●
100
150
1995 2000 2005 2010
kcal/cap/day
● ● ● ●
Africa Asia Latin America
and the Caribbean Oceania
36
40. FIGURE 16: Share of DES from milk (percent, 2009-11)
Nodataavailable0~<11~<33~<66~<8.58.5~18
37
42. CHART 61: Average dietary energy (available
for) consumption (1996-2009*)
Bolivia
Kenya
DR Congo
Brazil
Peru
Niger
Uganda
Zambia
Pakistan
Togo
Cambodia
Guatemala
Indonesia
Mozambique
Ethiopia
Panama
Viet Nam
Bangladesh
Mexico
Côte d'Ivoire
Timor−Leste
Sri Lanka
Tanzania
Malawi
Mali
Nicaragua
Ghana
Iraq
Ecuador
Haiti
Chad
Tajikistan
Laos
Hungary
Georgia
Paraguay
Bulgaria
Republic of
Moldova
Albania
Azerbaijan
Egypt
Lithuania
Nepal
1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
thousand kcal/cap/day
Rural Urban
CHART 62: Average dietary energy (available
for) consumption (1996-2009*)
DR Congo
Mozambique
Kenya
Niger
Uganda
Bolivia
Brazil
Côte d'Ivoire
Indonesia
Philippines
Ethiopia
Zambia
Viet Nam
Venezuela
Cambodia
Bangladesh
Sri Lanka
Pakistan
Papua New
Guinea
Mexico
Togo
Tanzania
Peru
Panama
Haiti
Malawi
Ghana
Georgia
Timor−Leste
Guatemala
Mali
Nicaragua
Laos
Chad
Ecuador
Tajikistan
Iraq
Republic of
Moldova
Hungary
Bulgaria
Paraguay
Egypt
Lithuania
Azerbaijan
Albania
Nepal
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
thousand kcal/cap/day
Female Male
39
44. CHART 63: Protein contribution to dietary
energy (available for) consumption
(1996-2009*)
Bulgaria
Timor−Leste
DR Congo
Bangladesh
Ghana
Haiti
Uganda
Indonesia
Ecuador
Nepal
Ethiopia
Viet Nam
Sri Lanka
Laos
Tajikistan
Azerbaijan
Guatemala
Paraguay
Mali
Kenya
Mozambique
Nicaragua
Peru
Tanzania
Niger
Panama
Cambodia
Côte d'Ivoire
Georgia
Togo
Pakistan
Lithuania
Bolivia
Iraq
Egypt
Albania
Hungary
Chad
Mexico
Malawi
Republic of
Moldova
Brazil
Zambia
9 12 15
percent
Rural Urban
CHART 64: Protein contribution to dietary
energy (available for) consumption
(1996-2009*)
Bulgaria
Timor−Leste
DR Congo
Ghana
Bangladesh
Papua New
Guinea
Uganda
Haiti
Ethiopia
Sri Lanka
Indonesia
Nepal
Tajikistan
Mali
Azerbaijan
Ecuador
Viet Nam
Nicaragua
Philippines
Guatemala
Niger
Tanzania
Kenya
Mozambique
Laos
Togo
Iraq
Pakistan
Paraguay
Côte d'Ivoire
Lithuania
Georgia
Peru
Egypt
Albania
Cambodia
Hungary
Chad
Malawi
Republic of
Moldova
Venezuela
Brazil
Panama
Bolivia
Mexico
Zambia
7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0
percent
Female Male
41
46. CHART 65: Fat contribution to dietary energy
(available for) consumption (1996-2009*)
Laos
Ethiopia
Bangladesh
Uganda
Viet Nam
Nepal
Peru
Malawi
Togo
Niger
Cambodia
Mali
Bolivia
Tanzania
Guatemala
Ghana
Mozambique
Timor−Leste
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Sri Lanka
Zambia
Egypt
Kenya
Nicaragua
Haiti
Pakistan
Panama
Azerbaijan
Iraq
Bulgaria
Ecuador
Tajikistan
Indonesia
Georgia
Mexico
Paraguay
Republic of
Moldova
Brazil
DR Congo
Albania
Hungary
Lithuania
10 20 30 40
percent
Rural Urban
CHART 66: Fat contribution to dietary energy
(available for) consumption (1996-2009*)
Ethiopia
Uganda
Bangladesh
Laos
Nepal
Viet Nam
Malawi
Peru
Togo
Philippines
Niger
Cambodia
Tanzania
Timor−Leste
Bolivia
Sri Lanka
Mali
Chad
Ghana
Guatemala
Côte d'Ivoire
Zambia
Kenya
Papua New
Guinea
Mozambique
Haiti
Nicaragua
Indonesia
Bulgaria
Ecuador
Tajikistan
Pakistan
Georgia
Egypt
Azerbaijan
Venezuela
Iraq
Brazil
Mexico
Panama
DR Congo
Paraguay
Republic of
Moldova
Albania
Hungary
Lithuania
10 20 30 40
percent
Female Male
43
48. CHART 67: Carbohydrate contribution to
dietary energy (available for) consumption
(1996-2009*)
Hungary
Lithuania
Albania
Brazil
Republic of
Moldova
Mexico
Paraguay
DR Congo
Georgia
Zambia
Iraq
Pakistan
Panama
Tajikistan
Indonesia
Azerbaijan
Ecuador
Nicaragua
Egypt
Kenya
Chad
Haiti
Côte d'Ivoire
Bulgaria
Sri Lanka
Bolivia
Tanzania
Mozambique
Guatemala
Malawi
Cambodia
Mali
Togo
Niger
Ghana
Timor−Leste
Peru
Nepal
Viet Nam
Uganda
Ethiopia
Bangladesh
Laos
50 60 70 80
percent
Rural Urban
CHART 68: Carbohydrate contribution to
dietary energy (available for) consumption
(1996-2009*)
Hungary
Lithuania
Albania
Mexico
Panama
Republic of
Moldova
Brazil
Paraguay
Venezuela
Iraq
DR Congo
Egypt
Zambia
Georgia
Pakistan
Azerbaijan
Ecuador
Nicaragua
Tajikistan
Indonesia
Mozambique
Haiti
Bolivia
Kenya
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Papua New
Guinea
Bulgaria
Guatemala
Mali
Cambodia
Tanzania
Sri Lanka
Togo
Ghana
Niger
Philippines
Peru
Timor−Leste
Malawi
Laos
Viet Nam
Nepal
Bangladesh
Uganda
Ethiopia
50 60 70 80
percent
Female Male
45
50. CHART 69: Share of animal protein in total
protein (available for) consumption
(1996-2009*)
Niger
Nepal
Togo
Timor−Leste
Mali
Mozambique
Tajikistan
Bangladesh
Haiti
Pakistan
Chad
Uganda
Guatemala
Kenya
Sri Lanka
Iraq
Egypt
Viet Nam
Laos
Malawi
Mexico
Bolivia
Azerbaijan
Zambia
Côte d'Ivoire
Ghana
Cambodia
Republic of
Moldova
Albania
Panama
Paraguay
Lithuania
20 40 60
percent
Rural Urban
CHART 70: Share of animal protein in total
protein (available for) consumption
(1996-2009*)
Niger
Nepal
Timor−Leste
Mozambique
Tajikistan
Togo
Haiti
Pakistan
Uganda
Mali
Bangladesh
Kenya
Malawi
Chad
Sri Lanka
Guatemala
Iraq
Viet Nam
Laos
Philippines
Zambia
Bolivia
Azerbaijan
Papua New
Guinea
Egypt
Mexico
Ghana
Republic of
Moldova
Venezuela
Albania
Côte d'Ivoire
Cambodia
Panama
Lithuania
Paraguay
10 20 30 40 50
percent
Female Male
47
51. Water
A very small proportion of the planet’s water is
available for human use. Of the 2.5 percent of
the world’s water that is freshwater, more than
two-thirds is locked in glaciers, ice caps and
permafrost, and about one-third is groundwa-
ter. The remaining 1.3 percent of the world’s
total freshwater is surface water in rivers, lakes
and swamps and in other forms such as ice
and snow. Global demand for water has risen
sharply over the last hundred years. The im-
pact of water stress and water scarcity is likely
to grow further, particularly when considering
climate change.
TABLE 11: Countries with highest percentage
of freshwater resources withdrawn by
agriculture (percent, 2000-2010)
Year %
Kuwait 2002 2460
the United Arab Emirates 2005 2208
Saudi Arabia 2006 867.9
Libya 2000 512
Qatar 2005 451.7
CHART 71: Total water withdrawal per capita,
highest 20 (2000 to 2010*)
Egypt
Pakistan
Uruguay
Timor−Leste
Australia
Ecuador
New Zealand
Iran
(Islamic Republic of)
Estonia
Azerbaijan
Suriname
Canada
United States
of America
Tajikistan
Kyrgyzstan
Kazakhstan
Guyana
Uzbekistan
Iraq
Turkmenistan
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
m3/yr/cap
CHART 72: Freshwater withdrawal by
agricultural sector, shares of total, highest 20
(2000 to 2010*)
Tajikistan
Iran
(Islamic Republic of)
Suriname
Senegal
Laos
Ethiopia
Mauritania
Kyrgyzstan
Pakistan
Cambodia
Bhutan
Eritrea
Viet Nam
Turkmenistan
Swaziland
Madagascar
Guyana
Nepal
Afghanistan
Somalia
92 94 96 98
percent
CHART 73: Saline soils (2000 to 2005*)
0
10
20
30
40
50
Africa
D
eveloped
Latin
Am
erica
and
the
Caribbean
N
orth
Africa
and
CentralAsia
South
and
EastAsia
millionha
48
52. FIGURE 17: Freshwater resources withdrawn by agriculture (percent, 2000 to 2010*)
Nodataavailable0~<5050~<150150~<500500~<900900~2500
49
53. Greenhouse gas emissions
GHG emissions from agriculture, including
crop and livestock production, forestry and as-
sociated land-use changes, are responsible for
a significant fraction of human-induced emis-
sions – about 20-24 percent globally. To-
tal GHG emissions from agriculture alone con-
tribute more than 5 billion tonnes CO2eq, rep-
resenting 10-12 percent of total GHG emis-
sions. FAO estimates that agricultural produc-
tion will have to increase by 60 percent by
2050 to satisfy the expected demands for food
and feed, if current trends continue. This is
projected to lead to a 30 percent increase in
GHG emissions from the agricultural sector.
CHART 74: Greenhouse gas emissions in
agriculture (2011)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Africa
Asia
Latin
Am
erica
and
the
CaribbeanO
ceania
thousandgigagramsCO2eq
CHART 75: Greenhouse gas emissions,
highest 20 in 2011 (2000 and 2011)
Colombia
Canada
Germany
Nigeria
Viet Nam
Myanmar
France
Thailand
Bangladesh
Mexico
Ethiopia
Russian Federation
Argentina
Pakistan
Indonesia
Australia
United States
of America
Brazil
India
China
200 400 600 800
thousand gigagrams CO2eq
2000 2011
CHART 76: Land use total emissions, highest
20 in 2011 (2000 and 2010)
Zimbabwe
Colombia
Angola
Argentina
Peru
Paraguay
Zambia
Ecuador
Papua New
Guinea
Myanmar
Tanzania
Bolivia
Cameroon
Venezuela
Malaysia
Canada
DR Congo
Nigeria
Brazil
Indonesia
0 400 800 1200
thousand gigagrams CO2eq
2000 2010
CHART 77: Emissions by subsectors (2010)
−2000
0
2000
4000
thousandgigagramsCO2eq
All GHG agricultural sectors
Net forest conversion
Cultivation histoils and peat fires
Burning savanna
Forest
50
54. FIGURE 18: Total greenhouse gas emissions (thousand gigagrams CO2eq, 2010)
Nodataavailable−112~<00~<250250~<750750~1375
51
55. Organic agriculture
Organic agriculture is a production manage-
ment system that aims to promote and en-
hance ecosystem health, including biological
cycles and the biological activity of soil. It is
based on minimizing the use of external in-
puts, and represents a deliberate attempt to
make the best use of local natural resources.
Methods are selected to minimize pollution of
air, soil and water. Synthetic pesticides, min-
eral fertilizers, synthetic preservatives, phar-
maceuticals, genetically modified organisms
(GMOs), sewage sludge and irradiation are pro-
hibited in all organic standards.
CHART 78: World organic agriculture area
(2004 to 2011)
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
● ● ●
●
● ●
●
●
●
● ●
10
20
30
2004 2006 2008 2010
millionha
● ● ●
Developed
countries
Developing
countries World
CHART 79: Organic agriculture, share of total
agricultural area, highest 20 (2011)
Germany
Uruguay
Timor−Leste
Slovenia
Dominican Republic
Switzerland
Italy
Finland
Faroe Islands
Slovakia
Sao Tome and
Principe
French Guiana
Latvia
Czech Republic
Estonia
Sweden
Austria
Liechtenstein
Falkland Islands
(Malvinas)
Samoa
25 50 75 100
percent
CHART 80: Organic agriculture area, highest
20 (2011)
Mexico
Falkland Islands
(Malvinas)
Sweden
Czech Republic
Austria
Poland
Turkey
United Kingdom
Brazil
Canada
Uruguay
France
Germany
India
Italy
Spain
China
United States
of America
Argentina
Australia
0 3 6 9
million ha
CHART 81: Organic agriculture area (2004 to 2011)
●
●
● ● ● ●
● ●
●
●
●
●
●
● ●
●
● ● ● ● ● ● ●●
●
● ●
●
●
●
●
0
2
4
6
8
2004 2006 2008 2010
millionha
● ● ● ●
Africa Asia Latin America
and the Caribbean Oceania
52
56. FIGURE 19: Organic agriculture, share of total agricultural area (percent, 2011)
Nodataavailable0~<11~<55~<1010~<5050~100
53
57.
58.
59. World
1992 2002 2014
Setting
Total population (mln) 5 494.8 6 280.8 7 243.7
Rural population (mln) 3 092.9 3 284.5 3 362.5
GDP per capita, PPP (const. 2011 I$) 8 724.1 10 443.5 13 972.5
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1 000 live births)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 66.2 68.3 70.8
Improved water source (% pop.) 77.1 83.8 89.4
Improved sanitation facilities (% of pop.) 48.6 57.3 63.7
Open defecation (%)
Cause of death (%)
Anthropometry
Low-birthweight babies (% of births)
Wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Severe wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Stunting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Underweight, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Underweight, adults (%)
Overweight, children (M/F, %)
Overweight and obesity, adults (M/F, %)
Prevalence of food over-acquisition (%)* 23.1 25.0 29.6
Nutritional deficiencies
Anemia, women (pregnant/non-pregnant, %)
Anemia, children under-5 (%)
Vitamin A deficiency, total pop. (%)
Iodine deficiency, children (%)
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)* 18.7 14.9 11.3
Number of people undernourished (mln)* 1 014.5 929.9 805.3
Depth of food decifit (kcal/cap/day)* 139 111 84
Supplementation
Vitamin A suppl., children 6-59 mths. (%)
Iodized salt consumption (% of households)
Diet
Exclusive breastfeeding, children < 6 mths. (%)
Min. dietary diversity, inf. and young child. (%)
Min. meal frequency, inf. and young child. (%)
Dietary energy supply (kcal/cap/day)* 2 595 2 719 2 881
Average dietary energy supply adequacy (%)* 113 116 122
Average protein supply (g/cap/day)* 69 75 79
Average supply of animal protein (g/cap/day)* 24 28 31
Average fat supply (g/cap/day)* 66 73 81
Share of dietary energy supply
Cereals - excluding beer (%)* 50.6 48.1 34.8
Starchy roots (%)* 5.0 5.1 2.6
Sugar and sweeteners (%)* 8.7 8.5 16.8
Pulses (%)* 2.2 2.1 0.6
Treenuts (%)* 0.3 0.4 0.0
Oilcrops (%)* 1.6 1.9 0.0
Vegetables (%)* 2.0 2.8 1.5
Fruits - excluding wine (%)* 2.5 2.8 3.0
Alcoholic beverages (%)* 2.5 2.3 10.1
Stimulants (%)* 0.2 0.2 1.9
Meat and offals (%)* 7.0 7.7 16.9
Vegetable oils and animal fats (%)* 10.8 11.3 8.5
Fish, seafood and aquatic products (%)* 1.0 1.1 1.7
Milk - excluding butter (%)* 4.4 4.5 7.3
Eggs (%)* 1.0 1.2 0.6
56
60. Developing regions
1992 2002 2014
Setting
Total population (mln) 4 330.0 5 072.0 5 978.5
Rural population (mln) 2 775.1 2 981.7 3 092.2
GDP per capita, PPP (const. 2011 I$) 3 868.4 5 295.5 9 000.6
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1 000 live births)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 64.0 66.5 69.1
Improved water source (% pop.) 71.9 80.4 87.3
Improved sanitation facilities (% of pop.) 37.9 48.9 57.4
Open defecation (%)
Cause of death (%)
Anthropometry
Low-birthweight babies (% of births)
Wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Severe wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Stunting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Underweight, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Underweight, adults (%)
Overweight, children (M/F, %)
Overweight and obesity, adults (M/F, %)
Prevalence of food over-acquisition (%)* 18.6 20.9 26.4
Nutritional deficiencies
Anemia, women (pregnant/non-pregnant, %)
Anemia, children under-5 (%)
Vitamin A deficiency, total pop. (%)
Iodine deficiency, children (%)
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)* 23.4 18.2 13.5
Number of people undernourished (mln)* 994.1 908.7 790.7
Depth of food decifit (kcal/cap/day)* 174 134 101
Supplementation
Vitamin A suppl., children 6-59 mths. (%)
Iodized salt consumption (% of households)
Diet
Exclusive breastfeeding, children < 6 mths. (%)
Min. dietary diversity, inf. and young child. (%)
Min. meal frequency, inf. and young child. (%)
Dietary energy supply (kcal/cap/day)* 2 413 2 567 2 769
Average dietary energy supply adequacy (%)* 108 112 119
Average protein supply (g/cap/day)* 61 68 74
Average supply of animal protein (g/cap/day)* 15 20 25
Average fat supply (g/cap/day)* 51 60 70
Share of dietary energy supply
Cereals - excluding beer (%)* 58.4 54.2 36.2
Starchy roots (%)* 5.2 5.4 2.7
Sugar and sweeteners (%)* 7.3 7.1 17.5
Pulses (%)* 2.7 2.5 0.7
Treenuts (%)* 0.2 0.3 0.0
Oilcrops (%)* 1.8 2.1 0.0
Vegetables (%)* 1.9 2.9 1.5
Fruits - excluding wine (%)* 2.3 2.8 3.1
Alcoholic beverages (%)* 1.6 1.5 10.5
Stimulants (%)* 0.0 0.1 2.0
Meat and offals (%)* 5.4 6.7 17.6
Vegetable oils and animal fats (%)* 8.5 9.2 8.8
Fish, seafood and aquatic products (%)* 0.7 1.0 1.8
Milk - excluding butter (%)* 2.8 3.0 7.6
Eggs (%)* 0.7 1.1 0.6
57
61. Africa
1992 2002 2014
Setting
Total population (mln) 664.0 847.9 1 138.2
Rural population (mln) 445.5 540.5 675.5
GDP per capita, PPP (const. 2011 I$) 3 137.4 3 457.7 4 622.5
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1 000 live births)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 53.5 53.8 58.8
Improved water source (% pop.) 56.1 62.4 68.7
Improved sanitation facilities (% of pop.) 34.2 37.2 39.4
Open defecation (%)
Cause of death (%)
Anthropometry
Low-birthweight babies (% of births)
Wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Severe wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Stunting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Underweight, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Underweight, adults (%)
Overweight, children (M/F, %)
Overweight and obesity, adults (M/F, %)
Prevalence of food over-acquisition (%)* 19.7 21.2 26.6
Nutritional deficiencies
Anemia, women (pregnant/non-pregnant, %)
Anemia, children under-5 (%)
Vitamin A deficiency, total pop. (%)
Iodine deficiency, children (%)
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)* 27.7 25.2 20.5
Number of people undernourished (mln)* 182.1 209.0 226.7
Depth of food decifit (kcal/cap/day)* 205 185 156
Supplementation
Vitamin A suppl., children 6-59 mths. (%)
Iodized salt consumption (% of households)
Diet
Exclusive breastfeeding, children < 6 mths. (%)
Min. dietary diversity, inf. and young child. (%)
Min. meal frequency, inf. and young child. (%)
Dietary energy supply (kcal/cap/day)* 2 320 2 414 2 558
Average dietary energy supply adequacy (%)* 107 110 116
Average protein supply (g/cap/day)* 59 60 65
Average supply of animal protein (g/cap/day)* 13 12 14
Average fat supply (g/cap/day)* 49 48 53
Share of dietary energy supply
Cereals - excluding beer (%)* 52.3 51.3 50.6
Starchy roots (%)* 11.9 12.9 13.5
Sugar and sweeteners (%)* 6.2 6.4 6.0
Pulses (%)* 3.4 3.7 4.0
Treenuts (%)* 0.3 0.5 0.6
Oilcrops (%)* 1.6 2.2 2.6
Vegetables (%)* 1.5 1.7 1.8
Fruits - excluding wine (%)* 3.7 4.0 4.2
Alcoholic beverages (%)* 1.9 1.8 1.8
Stimulants (%)* 0.1 0.1 0.1
Meat and offals (%)* 3.4 3.4 3.5
Vegetable oils and animal fats (%)* 9.4 9.2 9.3
Fish, seafood and aquatic products (%)* 0.6 0.6 0.8
Milk - excluding butter (%)* 2.7 2.9 2.7
Eggs (%)* 0.3 0.3 0.4
58
62. Asia
1992 2002 2014
Setting
Total population (mln) 3 197.6 3 674.5 4 206.3
Rural population (mln) 2 192.8 2 306.0 2 283.5
GDP per capita, PPP (const. 2011 I$) 3 191.9 4 932.1 9 418.0
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1 000 live births)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 65.3 68.4 71.0
Improved water source (% pop.) 73.0 83.0 91.2
Improved sanitation facilities (% of pop.) 34.1 47.5 58.6
Open defecation (%)
Cause of death (%)
Anthropometry
Low-birthweight babies (% of births)
Wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Severe wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Stunting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Underweight, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Underweight, adults (%)
Overweight, children (M/F, %)
Overweight and obesity, adults (M/F, %)
Prevalence of food over-acquisition (%)* 17.6 20.0 25.3
Nutritional deficiencies
Anemia, women (pregnant/non-pregnant, %)
Anemia, children under-5 (%)
Vitamin A deficiency, total pop. (%)
Iodine deficiency, children (%)
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)* 23.7 17.6 12.7
Number of people undernourished (mln)* 742.6 637.5 525.6
Depth of food decifit (kcal/cap/day)* 177 131 94
Supplementation
Vitamin A suppl., children 6-59 mths. (%)
Iodized salt consumption (% of households)
Diet
Exclusive breastfeeding, children < 6 mths. (%)
Min. dietary diversity, inf. and young child. (%)
Min. meal frequency, inf. and young child. (%)
Dietary energy supply (kcal/cap/day)* 2 397 2 568 2 788
Average dietary energy supply adequacy (%)* 107 111 119
Average protein supply (g/cap/day)* 60 68 75
Average supply of animal protein (g/cap/day)* 14 19 25
Average fat supply (g/cap/day)* 49 59 71
Share of dietary energy supply
Cereals - excluding beer (%)* 62.7 57.5 52.7
Starchy roots (%)* 4.1 4.0 3.6
Sugar and sweeteners (%)* 6.0 6.1 5.9
Pulses (%)* 2.3 2.0 2.2
Treenuts (%)* 0.2 0.3 0.5
Oilcrops (%)* 2.0 2.2 2.2
Vegetables (%)* 2.2 3.4 4.1
Fruits - excluding wine (%)* 1.7 2.3 2.9
Alcoholic beverages (%)* 1.3 1.3 1.6
Stimulants (%)* 0.0 0.1 0.1
Meat and offals (%)* 5.3 6.8 7.9
Vegetable oils and animal fats (%)* 7.7 8.6 9.7
Fish, seafood and aquatic products (%)* 0.8 1.1 1.3
Milk - excluding butter (%)* 2.4 2.6 3.3
Eggs (%)* 0.7 1.2 1.3
59
63. Latin America and the Caribbean
1992 2002 2014
Setting
Total population (mln) 461.6 541.1 623.3
Rural population (mln) 131.7 128.7 124.9
GDP per capita, PPP (const. 2011 I$) 9 930.9 10 899.1 13 753.7
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1 000 live births)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 69.0 72.2 74.6
Improved water source (% pop.) 86.1 90.5 94.0
Improved sanitation facilities (% of pop.) 69.0 76.3 81.7
Open defecation (%)
Cause of death (%)
Anthropometry
Low-birthweight babies (% of births)
Wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Severe wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Stunting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Underweight, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Underweight, adults (%)
Overweight, children (M/F, %)
Overweight and obesity, adults (M/F, %)
Prevalence of food over-acquisition (%)* 24.5 27.2 32.9
Nutritional deficiencies
Anemia, women (pregnant/non-pregnant, %)
Anemia, children under-5 (%)
Vitamin A deficiency, total pop. (%)
Iodine deficiency, children (%)
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)* 15.3 11.5 6.1
Number of people undernourished (mln)* 68.5 61.0 37.0
Depth of food decifit (kcal/cap/day)* 109 83 44
Supplementation
Vitamin A suppl., children 6-59 mths. (%)
Iodized salt consumption (% of households)
Diet
Exclusive breastfeeding, children < 6 mths. (%)
Min. dietary diversity, inf. and young child. (%)
Min. meal frequency, inf. and young child. (%)
Dietary energy supply (kcal/cap/day)* 2 655 2 792 3 010
Average dietary energy supply adequacy (%)* 116 120 127
Average protein supply (g/cap/day)* 68 77 82
Average supply of animal protein (g/cap/day)* 30 37 42
Average fat supply (g/cap/day)* 73 84 93
Share of dietary energy supply
Cereals - excluding beer (%)* 38.4 36.7 33.3
Starchy roots (%)* 4.2 4.1 2.5
Sugar and sweeteners (%)* 16.1 14.3 16.1
Pulses (%)* 3.8 3.7 0.6
Treenuts (%)* 0.1 0.2 0.0
Oilcrops (%)* 0.8 1.4 0.0
Vegetables (%)* 1.1 1.3 1.4
Fruits - excluding wine (%)* 4.3 4.4 2.9
Alcoholic beverages (%)* 2.6 2.5 9.6
Stimulants (%)* 0.2 0.3 1.8
Meat and offals (%)* 8.3 10.2 16.1
Vegetable oils and animal fats (%)* 12.7 12.7 8.1
Fish, seafood and aquatic products (%)* 0.5 0.6 1.6
Milk - excluding butter (%)* 5.5 6.2 7.0
Eggs (%)* 1.0 1.1 0.5
60
64. Oceania
1992 2002 2014
Setting
Total population (mln) 6.8 8.4 10.6
Rural population (mln) 5.1 6.5 8.3
GDP per capita, PPP (const. 2011 I$) 2 562.3 2 505.3 3 038.2
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1 000 live births)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 59.5 62.5 64.9
Improved water source (% pop.) 49.6 53.5 55.5
Improved sanitation facilities (% of pop.) 35.6 35.4 35.1
Open defecation (%)
Cause of death (%)
Anthropometry
Low-birthweight babies (% of births)
Wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Severe wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Stunting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Underweight, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Underweight, adults (%)
Overweight, children (M/F, %)
Overweight and obesity, adults (M/F, %)
Prevalence of food over-acquisition (%)* 19.3 18.2 20.6
Nutritional deficiencies
Anemia, women (pregnant/non-pregnant, %)
Anemia, children under-5 (%)
Vitamin A deficiency, total pop. (%)
Iodine deficiency, children (%)
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)* 15.7 16.5 14.0
Number of people undernourished (mln)* 1.0 1.3 1.4
Depth of food decifit (kcal/cap/day)* 101 107 92
Supplementation
Vitamin A suppl., children 6-59 mths. (%)
Iodized salt consumption (% of households)
Diet
Exclusive breastfeeding, children < 6 mths. (%)
Min. dietary diversity, inf. and young child. (%)
Min. meal frequency, inf. and young child. (%)
Dietary energy supply (kcal/cap/day)* 2 454 2 438 2 539
Average dietary energy supply adequacy (%)* 113 112 115
Average protein supply (g/cap/day)* 70 69 72
Average supply of animal protein (g/cap/day)* 39 36 38
Average fat supply (g/cap/day)* 65 62 60
Share of dietary energy supply
Cereals - excluding beer (%)* 35.9 39.2 36.5
Starchy roots (%)* 12.4 14.4 14.9
Sugar and sweeteners (%)* 9.0 8.9 9.5
Pulses (%)* 1.8 2.1 2.0
Treenuts (%)* 0.1 0.2 0.2
Oilcrops (%)* 10.4 10.5 10.7
Vegetables (%)* 1.0 1.2 1.2
Fruits - excluding wine (%)* 2.5 2.7 3.0
Alcoholic beverages (%)* 1.6 1.6 1.7
Stimulants (%)* 0.4 0.5 0.6
Meat and offals (%)* 10.8 10.8 10.0
Vegetable oils and animal fats (%)* 12.3 12.8 12.1
Fish, seafood and aquatic products (%)* 2.9 3.0 3.1
Milk - excluding butter (%)* 3.6 3.0 3.1
Eggs (%)* 0.5 0.7 0.6
61
65. Developed countries
1992 2002 2014
Setting
Total population (mln) 1 164.9 1 208.8 1 265.2
Rural population (mln) 317.8 302.8 270.2
GDP per capita, PPP (const. 2011 I$) 26 230.6 31 481.4 36 442.7
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1 000 live births)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 74.4 75.9 78.7
Improved water source (% pop.) 98.0 98.7 99.3
Improved sanitation facilities (% of pop.) 94.9 94.9 95.8
Open defecation (%)
Cause of death (%)
Anthropometry
Low-birthweight babies (% of births)
Wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Severe wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Stunting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Underweight, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Underweight, adults (%)
Overweight, children (M/F, %)
Overweight and obesity, adults (M/F, %)
Prevalence of food over-acquisition (%)* 39.5 41.8 44.6
Nutritional deficiencies
Anemia, women (pregnant/non-pregnant, %)
Anemia, children under-5 (%)
Vitamin A deficiency, total pop. (%)
Iodine deficiency, children (%)
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)* <5.0 <5.0 <5.0
Number of people undernourished (mln)* 20.4 21.1 14.6
Depth of food decifit (kcal/cap/day)* 12 12 8
Supplementation
Vitamin A suppl., children 6-59 mths. (%)
Iodized salt consumption (% of households)
Diet
Exclusive breastfeeding, children < 6 mths. (%)
Min. dietary diversity, inf. and young child. (%)
Min. meal frequency, inf. and young child. (%)
Dietary energy supply (kcal/cap/day)* 3 257 3 345 3 399
Average dietary energy supply adequacy (%)* 132 134 135
Average protein supply (g/cap/day)* 101 102 103
Average supply of animal protein (g/cap/day)* 58 59 60
Average fat supply (g/cap/day)* 121 127 134
Share of dietary energy supply
Cereals - excluding beer (%)* 29.5 28.8 28.2
Starchy roots (%)* 4.4 4.2 3.7
Sugar and sweeteners (%)* 12.7 13.0 12.4
Pulses (%)* 1.0 0.8 0.9
Treenuts (%)* 0.5 0.6 0.7
Oilcrops (%)* 1.2 1.3 1.4
Vegetables (%)* 2.2 2.3 2.3
Fruits - excluding wine (%)* 2.9 2.9 3.0
Alcoholic beverages (%)* 5.1 4.8 4.9
Stimulants (%)* 0.5 0.6 0.7
Meat and offals (%)* 11.3 10.8 10.8
Vegetable oils and animal fats (%)* 16.9 17.7 18.7
Fish, seafood and aquatic products (%)* 1.5 1.6 1.6
Milk - excluding butter (%)* 8.6 8.8 8.9
Eggs (%)* 1.6 1.6 1.5
62
66. Afghanistan
1992 2002 2014
Setting
Total population (mln) 13.8 22.2 31.3
Rural population (mln) 11.2 17.5 23.6
GDP per capita, PPP (const. 2011 I$) 1 053.0 1 145.7
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1 000 live births) 164.6 129.4 119.0
Life expectancy at birth (years) 50.2 55.7 57.1
Improved water source (% pop.) 4.9 29.1 39.5
Improved sanitation facilities (% of pop.) 20.9 24.1 25.5
Open defecation (%)
Cause of death (%) 60/26/13 46/37/17
Anthropometry
Low-birthweight babies (% of births)
Wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %) 7.9/9.3
Severe wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %) 2.9/4.3
Stunting, children under-5 (M/F, %) 60/58.5
Underweight, children under-5 (M/F, %) 32.7/33
Underweight, adults (%)
Overweight, children (M/F, %) 6.3/2.6
Overweight and obesity, adults (M/F, %) 9.5/12.8
Prevalence of food over-acquisition (%)* 18.2 7.0 10.6
Nutritional deficiencies
Anemia, women (pregnant/non-pregnant, %) 49.3/39.6 45.8/29.7 44.8/28.9
Anemia, children under-5 (%) 59.8 44.2 42.0
Vitamin A deficiency, total pop. (%) 3.2 3.2
Iodine deficiency, children (%) 71.9
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)* 29.5 46.7 24.7
Number of people undernourished (mln)* 3.8 10.0 7.5
Depth of food decifit (kcal/cap/day)* 199 325 155
Supplementation
Vitamin A suppl., children 6-59 mths. (%) 84.0 95.0
Iodized salt consumption (% of households) 28.0 20.4
Diet
Exclusive breastfeeding, children < 6 mths. (%) 83.0
Min. dietary diversity, inf. and young child. (%)
Min. meal frequency, inf. and young child. (%)
Dietary energy supply (kcal/cap/day)* 2 071 1 785 2 104
Average dietary energy supply adequacy (%)* 102 89 101
Average protein supply (g/cap/day)* 60 52 54
Average supply of animal protein (g/cap/day)* 16 13 13
Average fat supply (g/cap/day)* 42 30 34
Share of dietary energy supply
Cereals - excluding beer (%)* 72.3 76.1 75.2
Starchy roots (%)* 1.6 1.2 1.3
Sugar and sweeteners (%)* 1.7 1.8 2.8
Pulses (%)* 1.0 0.7 0.5
Treenuts (%)* 0.5 0.3 0.2
Oilcrops (%)* 0.8 0.5 0.6
Vegetables (%)* 1.0 1.0 1.0
Fruits - excluding wine (%)* 2.6 2.2 1.7
Alcoholic beverages (%)* 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stimulants (%)* 0.0 0.1 0.1
Meat and offals (%)* 6.2 5.0 4.2
Vegetable oils and animal fats (%)* 7.0 4.9 6.4
Fish, seafood and aquatic products (%)*
Milk - excluding butter (%)* 5.1 6.2 5.8
Eggs (%)* 0.2 0.1 0.2
63
67. Albania
1992 2002 2014
Setting
Total population (mln) 3.4 3.3 3.2
Rural population (mln) 2.2 1.8 1.4
GDP per capita, PPP (const. 2011 I$) 2 930.3 6 022.4 9 308.1
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1 000 live births) 37.3 23.6 17.2
Life expectancy at birth (years) 71.9 75.2 76.8
Improved water source (% pop.) 96.4 96.4 96.0
Improved sanitation facilities (% of pop.) 79.6 85.2 89.6
Open defecation (%)
Cause of death (%) 9/83/8 5/90/6
Anthropometry
Low-birthweight babies (% of births) 4.6 3.6
Wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %) 12.9/11.5 11.5/7.3
Severe wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %) 6.9/5.4 7.5/4.3
Stunting, children under-5 (M/F, %) 40.4/38.1 22.8/23.4
Underweight, children under-5 (M/F, %) 19.6/14.2 6.6/6
Underweight, adults (%)
Overweight, children (M/F, %) 29.4/30.6 23.3/23.4
Overweight and obesity, adults (M/F, %) 60.5/48.5
Prevalence of food over-acquisition (%)* 15.1 22.2 27.1
Nutritional deficiencies
Anemia, women (pregnant/non-pregnant, %) 34.1/28.5 26.5/23.7 22.4/21.5
Anemia, children under-5 (%) 33.1 24.5 22.1
Vitamin A deficiency, total pop. (%)
Iodine deficiency, children (%)
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)* <5.0 <5.0 <5.0
Number of people undernourished (mln)* ns ns ns
Depth of food decifit (kcal/cap/day)*
Supplementation
Vitamin A suppl., children 6-59 mths. (%)
Iodized salt consumption (% of households) 75.6
Diet
Exclusive breastfeeding, children < 6 mths. (%) 6.3 38.6
Min. dietary diversity, inf. and young child. (%)
Min. meal frequency, inf. and young child. (%) 25.1
Dietary energy supply (kcal/cap/day)* 2 597 2 798 2 996
Average dietary energy supply adequacy (%)* 111 117 121
Average protein supply (g/cap/day)* 80 94 98
Average supply of animal protein (g/cap/day)* 26 41 50
Average fat supply (g/cap/day)* 66 79 94
Share of dietary energy supply
Cereals - excluding beer (%)* 58.9 47.7 38.4
Starchy roots (%)* 1.1 2.0 2.4
Sugar and sweeteners (%)* 6.4 6.7 7.1
Pulses (%)* 1.4 1.6 1.6
Treenuts (%)* 0.3 0.5 0.8
Oilcrops (%)* 0.2 0.9 1.7
Vegetables (%)* 2.4 3.5 4.2
Fruits - excluding wine (%)* 1.5 4.0 6.3
Alcoholic beverages (%)* 0.7 1.1 1.7
Stimulants (%)* 0.1 0.4 0.4
Meat and offals (%)* 4.5 6.5 8.8
Vegetable oils and animal fats (%)* 10.9 7.5 8.4
Fish, seafood and aquatic products (%)* 0.1 0.3 0.4
Milk - excluding butter (%)* 10.9 16.4 17.1
Eggs (%)* 0.6 0.8 0.8
64
68. Algeria
1992 2002 2014
Setting
Total population (mln) 27.5 32.6 39.9
Rural population (mln) 12.8 12.0 9.8
GDP per capita, PPP (const. 2011 I$) 9 692.8 10 634.4 12 314.3
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1 000 live births) 45.1 37.8 29.5
Life expectancy at birth (years) 67.2 69.3 70.3
Improved water source (% pop.) 94.1 88.1 83.7
Improved sanitation facilities (% of pop.) 88.9 93.0 94.9
Open defecation (%)
Cause of death (%) 20/70/11 14/77/8
Anthropometry
Low-birthweight babies (% of births) 7.0 6.0
Wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %) 7/7.2 10/9.3 3.9/4.1
Severe wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %) 2.9/3.2 5.2/5 1.7/1.6
Stunting, children under-5 (M/F, %) 23.1/22.7 25.1/21.5 16.7/15
Underweight, children under-5 (M/F, %) 9.8/8.6 12.7/9.6 3.7/3.7
Underweight, adults (%)
Overweight, children (M/F, %) 9/8.4 15.3/14 13.4/12.4
Overweight and obesity, adults (M/F, %) 39.1/51.8
Prevalence of food over-acquisition (%)* 35.3 29.3 46.2
Nutritional deficiencies
Anemia, women (pregnant/non-pregnant, %) 41.2/41.8 34.8/36 32.5/34.8
Anemia, children under-5 (%) 45.3 33.8 32.4
Vitamin A deficiency, total pop. (%)
Iodine deficiency, children (%)
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)* 7.7 8.4 <5.0
Number of people undernourished (mln)* 2.1 2.7 ns
Depth of food decifit (kcal/cap/day)* 48 58 24
Supplementation
Vitamin A suppl., children 6-59 mths. (%)
Iodized salt consumption (% of households) 60.7
Diet
Exclusive breastfeeding, children < 6 mths. (%) 12.6 7.0
Min. dietary diversity, inf. and young child. (%)
Min. meal frequency, inf. and young child. (%)
Dietary energy supply (kcal/cap/day)* 2 784 2 875 3 262
Average dietary energy supply adequacy (%)* 129 124 141
Average protein supply (g/cap/day)* 75 78 83
Average supply of animal protein (g/cap/day)* 19 19 22
Average fat supply (g/cap/day)* 70 67 68
Share of dietary energy supply
Cereals - excluding beer (%)* 56.8 57.1 55.2
Starchy roots (%)* 2.4 2.3 3.3
Sugar and sweeteners (%)* 9.3 9.5 9.3
Pulses (%)* 1.8 1.9 1.8
Treenuts (%)* 0.2 0.3 0.4
Oilcrops (%)* 0.1 0.1 0.2
Vegetables (%)* 1.8 2.0 2.6
Fruits - excluding wine (%)* 2.7 3.6 4.7
Alcoholic beverages (%)* 0.1 0.1 0.2
Stimulants (%)* 0.2 0.2 0.4
Meat and offals (%)* 3.0 2.9 2.9
Vegetable oils and animal fats (%)* 15.3 13.2 11.4
Fish, seafood and aquatic products (%)* 0.3 0.3 0.4
Milk - excluding butter (%)* 5.6 5.9 6.5
Eggs (%)* 0.5 0.4 0.5
65
69. Angola
1992 2002 2014
Setting
Total population (mln) 11.0 14.9 22.1
Rural population (mln) 6.6 7.3 8.5
GDP per capita, PPP (const. 2011 I$) 3 655.7 3 758.5 7 094.1
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1 000 live births) 225.9 212.1 177.5
Life expectancy at birth (years) 41.3 46.7 51.1
Improved water source (% pop.) 42.4 46.8 53.4
Improved sanitation facilities (% of pop.) 30.9 45.2 58.7
Open defecation (%)
Cause of death (%) 76/17/7 66/24/10
Anthropometry
Low-birthweight babies (% of births) 12.0
Wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %) 8.3/8.9 8.2/8.1
Severe wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %) 2.7/3.9 4.3/4.2
Stunting, children under-5 (M/F, %) 63.4/60 32.4/26.1
Underweight, children under-5 (M/F, %) 38.2/35.7 16.6/14.6
Underweight, adults (%)
Overweight, children (M/F, %) 2.1/1.1
Overweight and obesity, adults (M/F, %) 18.7/28.2
Prevalence of food over-acquisition (%)* 2.7 5.4 23.3
Nutritional deficiencies
Anemia, women (pregnant/non-pregnant, %) 59.7/54.2 54.8/50.9 47.1/44.5
Anemia, children under-5 (%) 76.8 69.1 52.1
Vitamin A deficiency, total pop. (%) 64.3
Iodine deficiency, children (%)
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)* 63.3 48.8 18.0
Number of people undernourished (mln)* 6.8 7.0 3.9
Depth of food decifit (kcal/cap/day)* 496 353 114
Supplementation
Vitamin A suppl., children 6-59 mths. (%) 88.0 55.0
Iodized salt consumption (% of households) 44.7
Diet
Exclusive breastfeeding, children < 6 mths. (%) 11.0
Min. dietary diversity, inf. and young child. (%)
Min. meal frequency, inf. and young child. (%)
Dietary energy supply (kcal/cap/day)* 1 628 1 850 2 380
Average dietary energy supply adequacy (%)* 79 90 115
Average protein supply (g/cap/day)* 35 41 53
Average supply of animal protein (g/cap/day)* 13 13 16
Average fat supply (g/cap/day)* 43 39 50
Share of dietary energy supply
Cereals - excluding beer (%)* 28.8 33.2 29.3
Starchy roots (%)* 30.1 33.1 30.8
Sugar and sweeteners (%)* 6.5 5.5 5.6
Pulses (%)* 3.1 3.6 3.4
Treenuts (%)* 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oilcrops (%)* 1.3 0.6 1.5
Vegetables (%)* 0.9 0.7 1.6
Fruits - excluding wine (%)* 3.0 2.5 4.9
Alcoholic beverages (%)* 1.5 1.6 4.2
Stimulants (%)* 0.0 0.1 0.3
Meat and offals (%)* 5.2 5.4 6.7
Vegetable oils and animal fats (%)* 15.2 10.8 9.7
Fish, seafood and aquatic products (%)* 1.7 1.4 1.0
Milk - excluding butter (%)* 2.4 1.4 0.8
Eggs (%)* 0.1 0.2 0.3
66
70. Argentina
1992 2002 2014
Setting
Total population (mln) 33.5 37.6 41.8
Rural population (mln) 4.1 3.5 2.9
GDP per capita, PPP (const. 2011 I$)
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1 000 live births) 25.7 19.2 13.3
Life expectancy at birth (years) 72.0 74.2 76.0
Improved water source (% pop.) 94.4 96.9 98.7
Improved sanitation facilities (% of pop.) 87.6 92.7 97.2
Open defecation (%)
Cause of death (%) 11/80/8 11/81/7
Anthropometry
Low-birthweight babies (% of births) 7.1 7.2
Wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %) 1.1/1.4 1.1/1.4
Severe wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %) 0.2/0.2 0.2/0.2
Stunting, children under-5 (M/F, %) 8.2/8.1 8.2/8.1
Underweight, children under-5 (M/F, %) 2.4/2.2 2.4/2.2
Underweight, adults (%)
Overweight, children (M/F, %) 10.2/9.5 10.2/9.5
Overweight and obesity, adults (M/F, %) 66.3/62.2
Prevalence of food over-acquisition (%)* 30.8 41.3 43.2
Nutritional deficiencies
Anemia, women (pregnant/non-pregnant, %) 35.3/20.5 29.8/14.9 28.2/15.1
Anemia, children under-5 (%) 29.7 19.3 20.5
Vitamin A deficiency, total pop. (%) 34.3 34.3 14.3
Iodine deficiency, children (%)
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)* <5.0 <5.0 <5.0
Number of people undernourished (mln)* ns ns ns
Depth of food decifit (kcal/cap/day)* 15 7 6
Supplementation
Vitamin A suppl., children 6-59 mths. (%)
Iodized salt consumption (% of households) 90.0
Diet
Exclusive breastfeeding, children < 6 mths. (%) 54.0
Min. dietary diversity, inf. and young child. (%)
Min. meal frequency, inf. and young child. (%)
Dietary energy supply (kcal/cap/day)* 2 999 3 152 3 374
Average dietary energy supply adequacy (%)* 127 132 139
Average protein supply (g/cap/day)* 95 99 99
Average supply of animal protein (g/cap/day)* 61 62 64
Average fat supply (g/cap/day)* 105 110 112
Share of dietary energy supply
Cereals - excluding beer (%)* 31.9 32.0 33.3
Starchy roots (%)* 3.4 3.6 2.8
Sugar and sweeteners (%)* 13.7 14.8 14.7
Pulses (%)* 0.4 0.3 0.2
Treenuts (%)* 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oilcrops (%)* 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vegetables (%)* 1.8 1.7 1.6
Fruits - excluding wine (%)* 2.6 3.2 2.4
Alcoholic beverages (%)* 4.6 3.3 3.3
Stimulants (%)* 0.3 0.3 0.3
Meat and offals (%)* 18.0 17.0 18.4
Vegetable oils and animal fats (%)* 13.4 13.2 12.9
Fish, seafood and aquatic products (%)* 0.4 0.4 0.3
Milk - excluding butter (%)* 8.3 8.9 8.2
Eggs (%)* 0.9 0.8 1.3
67
71. Armenia
1992 2002 2014
Setting
Total population (mln) 3.4 3.0 3.0
Rural population (mln) 1.1 1.1 1.1
GDP per capita, PPP (const. 2011 I$) 1 972.7 3 653.7 7 382.5
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1 000 live births) 45.1 27.2 20.1
Life expectancy at birth (years) 67.9 72.2 73.9
Improved water source (% pop.) 90.7 93.7 97.3
Improved sanitation facilities (% of pop.) 88.8 89.2 90.0
Open defecation (%)
Cause of death (%) 5/91/4 4/92/4
Anthropometry
Low-birthweight babies (% of births) 8.2 8.0
Wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %) 5.8/5.1 4.9/3.3
Severe wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %) 2.9/2.3 2.5/1.5
Stunting, children under-5 (M/F, %) 18.8/17.4 21.7/19.9
Underweight, children under-5 (M/F, %) 3.4/5.2 4.7/5.9
Underweight, adults (%)
Overweight, children (M/F, %) 13.9/9.1 18.8/14.6
Overweight and obesity, adults (M/F, %) 48.6/60.9
Prevalence of food over-acquisition (%)* 3.0 3.4 23.5
Nutritional deficiencies
Anemia, women (pregnant/non-pregnant, %) 27.6/24.9 23.2/18.4 26.5/24.6
Anemia, children under-5 (%) 35.7 26.3 31.0
Vitamin A deficiency, total pop. (%)
Iodine deficiency, children (%) 6.3 6.3
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)* 27.3 23.0 5.7
Number of people undernourished (mln)* 0.9 0.7 0.2
Depth of food decifit (kcal/cap/day)* 177 166 41
Supplementation
Vitamin A suppl., children 6-59 mths. (%)
Iodized salt consumption (% of households) 97.0 97.0
Diet
Exclusive breastfeeding, children < 6 mths. (%) 32.5 34.6
Min. dietary diversity, inf. and young child. (%)
Min. meal frequency, inf. and young child. (%) 36.5 36.5
Dietary energy supply (kcal/cap/day)* 2 184 2 256 2 910
Average dietary energy supply adequacy (%)* 95 95 120
Average protein supply (g/cap/day)* 64 66 84
Average supply of animal protein (g/cap/day)* 19 21 35
Average fat supply (g/cap/day)* 32 44 74
Share of dietary energy supply
Cereals - excluding beer (%)* 59.1 55.0 43.8
Starchy roots (%)* 5.4 4.8 3.7
Sugar and sweeteners (%)* 10.0 11.0 11.0
Pulses (%)* 0.0 0.0 0.0
Treenuts (%)* 0.0 0.1 0.4
Oilcrops (%)* 0.0 0.0 0.2
Vegetables (%)* 3.4 3.5 6.4
Fruits - excluding wine (%)* 3.8 2.7 4.5
Alcoholic beverages (%)* 1.5 1.1 1.0
Stimulants (%)* 0.1 0.6 1.3
Meat and offals (%)* 5.7 5.7 7.8
Vegetable oils and animal fats (%)* 1.8 6.5 8.6
Fish, seafood and aquatic products (%)* 0.1 0.1 0.2
Milk - excluding butter (%)* 8.5 7.8 10.0
Eggs (%)* 0.6 0.9 1.3
68
72. Australia
1992 2002 2014
Setting
Total population (mln) 17.5 19.7 23.6
Rural population (mln) 2.5 2.4 2.4
GDP per capita, PPP (const. 2011 I$) 27 898.9 36 369.2 41 670.6
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1 000 live births) 8.1 6.0 4.5
Life expectancy at birth (years) 77.4 79.9 81.9
Improved water source (% pop.) 100.0 100.0 100.0
Improved sanitation facilities (% of pop.) 100.0 100.0 100.0
Open defecation (%)
Cause of death (%) 4/90/6 4/90/6
Anthropometry
Low-birthweight babies (% of births) 7.0
Wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Severe wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Stunting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Underweight, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Underweight, adults (%) 1.0
Overweight, children (M/F, %)
Overweight and obesity, adults (M/F, %) 68.2/59.3
Prevalence of food over-acquisition (%)* 31.9 25.5 39.2
Nutritional deficiencies
Anemia, women (pregnant/non-pregnant, %) 27.9/19.9 23.5/14 24.5/17.2
Anemia, children under-5 (%) 16.3 12.5 15.2
Vitamin A deficiency, total pop. (%) 0.0
Iodine deficiency, children (%)
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)* <5.0 <5.0 <5.0
Number of people undernourished (mln)* ns ns ns
Depth of food decifit (kcal/cap/day)*
Supplementation
Vitamin A suppl., children 6-59 mths. (%)
Iodized salt consumption (% of households)
Diet
Exclusive breastfeeding, children < 6 mths. (%)
Min. dietary diversity, inf. and young child. (%)
Min. meal frequency, inf. and young child. (%)
Dietary energy supply (kcal/cap/day)* 3 124 3 051 3 276
Average dietary energy supply adequacy (%)* 126 123 132
Average protein supply (g/cap/day)* 105 101 104
Average supply of animal protein (g/cap/day)* 70 67 69
Average fat supply (g/cap/day)* 129 134 149
Share of dietary energy supply
Cereals - excluding beer (%)* 21.8 22.5 22.6
Starchy roots (%)* 3.0 3.0 2.7
Sugar and sweeteners (%)* 15.1 13.3 12.2
Pulses (%)* 1.2 0.4 0.8
Treenuts (%)* 0.5 0.9 1.4
Oilcrops (%)* 1.3 1.0 1.0
Vegetables (%)* 1.9 2.3 2.2
Fruits - excluding wine (%)* 3.4 3.8 3.4
Alcoholic beverages (%)* 4.8 4.7 4.0
Stimulants (%)* 0.3 0.4 0.6
Meat and offals (%)* 16.3 16.1 15.3
Vegetable oils and animal fats (%)* 17.1 19.8 21.6
Fish, seafood and aquatic products (%)* 0.9 1.0 1.2
Milk - excluding butter (%)* 11.3 9.9 9.7
Eggs (%)* 1.0 0.7 0.8
69
73. Austria
1992 2002 2014
Setting
Total population (mln) 7.8 8.1 8.5
Rural population (mln) 2.7 2.8 2.7
GDP per capita, PPP (const. 2011 I$) 31 227.5 38 351.7 43 084.9
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1 000 live births) 8.5 5.3 3.9
Life expectancy at birth (years) 75.9 78.7 80.2
Improved water source (% pop.) 100.0 100.0 100.0
Improved sanitation facilities (% of pop.) 100.0 100.0 100.0
Open defecation (%)
Cause of death (%) 3/91/6 3/92/5
Anthropometry
Low-birthweight babies (% of births) 7.0
Wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Severe wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Stunting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Underweight, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Underweight, adults (%) 2.2 2.0
Overweight, children (M/F, %)
Overweight and obesity, adults (M/F, %) 60.1/48.5
Prevalence of food over-acquisition (%)* 51.7 64.9 64.0
Nutritional deficiencies
Anemia, women (pregnant/non-pregnant, %) 28.6/21.4 24.3/15 24.6/16.2
Anemia, children under-5 (%) 16.2 11.7 12.2
Vitamin A deficiency, total pop. (%)
Iodine deficiency, children (%)
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)* <5.0 <5.0 <5.0
Number of people undernourished (mln)* ns ns ns
Depth of food decifit (kcal/cap/day)*
Supplementation
Vitamin A suppl., children 6-59 mths. (%)
Iodized salt consumption (% of households)
Diet
Exclusive breastfeeding, children < 6 mths. (%)
Min. dietary diversity, inf. and young child. (%)
Min. meal frequency, inf. and young child. (%)
Dietary energy supply (kcal/cap/day)* 3 537 3 790 3 805
Average dietary energy supply adequacy (%)* 140 150 150
Average protein supply (g/cap/day)* 103 112 106
Average supply of animal protein (g/cap/day)* 67 70 64
Average fat supply (g/cap/day)* 159 165 168
Share of dietary energy supply
Cereals - excluding beer (%)* 20.6 24.6 24.5
Starchy roots (%)* 3.3 3.1 2.8
Sugar and sweeteners (%)* 11.9 11.6 12.2
Pulses (%)* 0.3 0.2 0.2
Treenuts (%)* 1.3 1.0 1.1
Oilcrops (%)* 0.7 1.0 1.2
Vegetables (%)* 1.3 1.6 1.8
Fruits - excluding wine (%)* 4.8 4.1 5.0
Alcoholic beverages (%)* 7.5 6.9 6.4
Stimulants (%)* 0.8 0.4 0.5
Meat and offals (%)* 13.1 13.1 12.0
Vegetable oils and animal fats (%)* 22.6 20.8 23.3
Fish, seafood and aquatic products (%)* 0.6 0.6 0.8
Milk - excluding butter (%)* 9.5 9.5 6.6
Eggs (%)* 1.5 1.3 1.4
70
74. Azerbaijan
1992 2002 2014
Setting
Total population (mln) 7.5 8.3 9.5
Rural population (mln) 3.5 4.0 4.3
GDP per capita, PPP (const. 2011 I$) 6 345.5 5 338.1 15 754.2
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1 000 live births) 95.2 63.9 37.2
Life expectancy at birth (years) 64.2 67.6 70.6
Improved water source (% pop.) 69.6 75.6 80.2
Improved sanitation facilities (% of pop.) 57.5 67.1 82.0
Open defecation (%)
Cause of death (%) 19/76/6 11/84/5
Anthropometry
Low-birthweight babies (% of births) 12.0 10.0
Wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %) 9.3/8.6 7.8/5.7
Severe wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %) 4.1/4.2 3.3/1
Stunting, children under-5 (M/F, %) 24.4/23.8 28.5/24.9
Underweight, children under-5 (M/F, %) 13.2/15 8.7/8
Underweight, adults (%)
Overweight, children (M/F, %) 6.7/5.7 14.9/12.7
Overweight and obesity, adults (M/F, %) 50.6/61
Prevalence of food over-acquisition (%)* 5.3 7.5 33.9
Nutritional deficiencies
Anemia, women (pregnant/non-pregnant, %) 37.3/38.9 34.1/36.9 30.7/32.8
Anemia, children under-5 (%) 45.5 38.9 35.2
Vitamin A deficiency, total pop. (%)
Iodine deficiency, children (%)
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)* 23.6 17.1 <5.0
Number of people undernourished (mln)* 1.8 1.4 ns
Depth of food decifit (kcal/cap/day)* 163 118 11
Supplementation
Vitamin A suppl., children 6-59 mths. (%) 29.0 90.0
Iodized salt consumption (% of households) 53.8
Diet
Exclusive breastfeeding, children < 6 mths. (%) 7.3 12.0
Min. dietary diversity, inf. and young child. (%)
Min. meal frequency, inf. and young child. (%) 40.2
Dietary energy supply (kcal/cap/day)* 2 318 2 482 3 149
Average dietary energy supply adequacy (%)* 103 106 131
Average protein supply (g/cap/day)* 69 72 88
Average supply of animal protein (g/cap/day)* 20 18 28
Average fat supply (g/cap/day)* 39 39 54
Share of dietary energy supply
Cereals - excluding beer (%)* 65.1 64.7 58.4
Starchy roots (%)* 2.1 4.1 4.7
Sugar and sweeteners (%)* 5.7 5.2 5.4
Pulses (%)* 0.0 0.0 0.0
Treenuts (%)* 1.0 0.6 0.8
Oilcrops (%)* 0.0 0.0 0.1
Vegetables (%)* 1.4 2.8 3.2
Fruits - excluding wine (%)* 5.1 3.4 3.4
Alcoholic beverages (%)* 2.8 3.4 4.7
Stimulants (%)* 0.0 0.2 0.7
Meat and offals (%)* 4.7 4.0 5.8
Vegetable oils and animal fats (%)* 4.1 5.1 4.2
Fish, seafood and aquatic products (%)* 0.3 0.2 0.2
Milk - excluding butter (%)* 6.5 5.4 7.2
Eggs (%)* 0.9 0.6 1.0
71
75. Bahrain
1992 2002 2014
Setting
Total population (mln) 0.5 0.7 1.3
Rural population (mln) 0.1 0.1 0.1
GDP per capita, PPP (const. 2011 I$) 39 853.6 43 653.8 40 083.4
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1 000 live births) 21.9 11.9 7.2
Life expectancy at birth (years) 72.9 75.0 76.4
Improved water source (% pop.) 94.9 100.0 100.0
Improved sanitation facilities (% of pop.) 99.0 99.2 99.2
Open defecation (%)
Cause of death (%) 9/80/11 10/78/12
Anthropometry
Low-birthweight babies (% of births) 8.3
Wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Severe wasting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Stunting, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Underweight, children under-5 (M/F, %)
Underweight, adults (%)
Overweight, children (M/F, %)
Overweight and obesity, adults (M/F, %) 70.9/70.3
Prevalence of food over-acquisition (%)*
Nutritional deficiencies
Anemia, women (pregnant/non-pregnant, %) 43.8/48.6 38.6/45.6 33.8/37.8
Anemia, children under-5 (%) 40.8 33.1 31.8
Vitamin A deficiency, total pop. (%)
Iodine deficiency, children (%) 16.2
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)*
Number of people undernourished (mln)*
Depth of food decifit (kcal/cap/day)*
Supplementation
Vitamin A suppl., children 6-59 mths. (%)
Iodized salt consumption (% of households)
Diet
Exclusive breastfeeding, children < 6 mths. (%) 33.8 33.8
Min. dietary diversity, inf. and young child. (%)
Min. meal frequency, inf. and young child. (%)
Dietary energy supply (kcal/cap/day)*
Average dietary energy supply adequacy (%)*
Average protein supply (g/cap/day)*
Average supply of animal protein (g/cap/day)*
Average fat supply (g/cap/day)*
Share of dietary energy supply
Cereals - excluding beer (%)*
Starchy roots (%)*
Sugar and sweeteners (%)*
Pulses (%)*
Treenuts (%)*
Oilcrops (%)*
Vegetables (%)*
Fruits - excluding wine (%)*
Alcoholic beverages (%)*
Stimulants (%)*
Meat and offals (%)*
Vegetable oils and animal fats (%)*
Fish, seafood and aquatic products (%)*
Milk - excluding butter (%)*
Eggs (%)*
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