A bill of exchange is a written order from a party (drawer) directing another party (drawee) to pay a specified sum of money. It must contain an unconditional order to pay a definite amount, be addressed to a specific party, and have a clear date. There are typically three parties to a bill of exchange: the drawer, drawee/acceptor, and payee. A promissory note is a written promise by a party (maker) to pay a specified sum of money. It contains an unconditional promise to pay a definite amount and has two parties: the maker and payee. Key differences are that a bill of exchange contains an order to pay, while a promissory note contains

1. Bill of exchange definition Bill of exchange As per the Indian Negotiable Instruments Act. 1881 A Bill, of Exchange is an instrument in writing containing an unconditional order, signed by the maker, directing a certain person to pay a certain sum of money only to, or to the order of, a certain person or to the bearer of the instrument.

2. CHARACTERISTICS OF BILL OF EXCHANGE 1. A bill must be in writing. So an oral order cannot be called a bill. 2. The bill must be addressed to a specific person. 3. The bill must be contain an order to pay money, not a request. 4. The amount shown in the bill must be definite and clear. 5. The date of writing the bill must be clear in the bill. 6. The duration of the bill must be definite.

3. PARTIES TO A BILL OF EXCHANGE Normally there are three parties to a bill of exchange .

4. 1. Drawer of the bill.

5. 2. Acceptor \Drawee \Payer of the bill.

6. 3. Payee of the bill.

7. DETAIL OF A BILL OF EXCHANGE 1. AMOUNT 2. DATE 3. PEROID 4. SIGNATURE 5. REVENEU STAMP

8. TYPES OF BILL EXCHANGE 1.Bill payable immediately on demand or bill at sight

9. 2. bill payable after a stipulated period or bill after time

10. USEFULNESS AND ADVANTAGES OF A BILL OF ECHANGE A definite date can be fixed through a bill for receivingmoney from a debtor.

11. A bill can be used as a written proof of the debt.

12. A bill is a simple and useful instrument for the settlement of accounts

13. A bill is very useful in foreign trade.

14. Businessmen can ease financial difficulties of one another by drawing accommodation bill on one another.

15. Example Niyati sold goods of Rs 8000 on credit to Nidhi on 5-5-03. On the same day, Niyati drew a bill on Nidhi which was accepted and returned by her. On 10-5-03 Niyati endorsed this bill in favour of crediter Ronak.The amount of the bill was paid on the maturity date. Pass journal entires in the books of Niyati and Nidhi.

16. Journal of Niyati Date Particulars L F Debit Rs Credit Rs May 5,'03 Nidhi's A/c Dr To Sales A/c ( Being goods sold) 8000 8000 May 5,'03 Bills Receivable A/c Dr To Nidhi's A/c ( Being bill accepted by Nidhi ) 8000 8000 May 10,'03 Ronak's A/c Dr To Bills Receivable A/c ( Being bill endorsed to Ronak) 8000 8000 June 7,'03 No Entry

17. Journal of Nidhi Date Particulars LR Debit Rs Credit Rs May 5,'03 Purchase A/c Dr To Niyati's A/c (Being purchase of goods ) 8000 8000 May 5,'03 Niyati's A/c Dr To Bills Payable A/c (Being bill accepted ) 8000 8000 May 10,'03 No Entry June 7,'03 Bills Payable A/c Dr To Bank/Cash A/c ( Being amount of the bill paid) 8000 8000

18. CHARACTERISTICS OF A PROMISSORY NOTE A promissory note must be in writing so an oral promise cannot be called a promissory note.

19. The promissory note must contain a promise to pay money (certain amount ).

20. The promise made in the promissory note must be unconditional.

21. The date of making the promissory note must be cleary stated.

22. There are two parties to a promissory note,

23. Maker and Payee.

24. SPECIMEN OF A PROMISSORY NOTE Manekchowk Ahmedabad Date-22/12/2010 1000 I promise to pay Rupees one thousand only to Mr. Pathan Aman or as per order after two months from today, for value received. Revenue Stamp Signature FAISAL Rs

25. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BILL OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES Points Bill of exchange Promissory Notes 1. Order or Promise A bill of exchange is an unconditional order to pay money . A promissory note is an Unconditional promiseto pay money. 2. Who Draws on whom A bill is drawn by a creditor on his debtor. A promissory note is made by a debtor and sent to his creditor. 3. Need for Acceptance A bill does not become o[erative unless it is accepted by the person on whom it is drawn. There is no need for acceptance Of a promissory note as it is made By the debtor himself. 4.Parties There are three parties to a bill-drawer of the bill, acceptor of bill and receiver of money. There are two parties to promissory note-maker of the note and receiver of the money.

26. PREPARED BY: AJMERI FAISAL GUIDE: Mr.JOSEPH JOSEPH Thanks