IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications
Organisations both in the private and public sector across the globe rely on their workforce for optimum productivity which will in turn result to organisational efficiency. In this case, the need for ensuring employee job satisfaction becomes a matter of necessity to every organisation. Though, studies have been conducted by various researchers and scholars in this area, there is however the need to conduct more studies on job satisfaction and performance of an employee since the employees are believed to be an indispensable part of an organisation. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between job satisfaction and performance of non-academic staff of Bauchi State University Gadau Nigeria (BASUG). Dissatisfaction is believed to be one of the major factors that demotivates and demoralise employee in the workplace which can result to lower productivity thereby affecting the overall performance of the organisation. Consequently an aggregate of two hundred and seventy questionnaires were distributed non- academic staff of BASUG based on systematic random sampling and data collected is analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The outcome of the analysis depicts that there is positive and significant relationship between job satisfactions on the performance of non- academic staff of the University. The study will serve as a policy guide to the management of the Nigerian Universities in areas relating to employee performance improvement through job satisfaction and it will also further make an impetus the field of organisational behaviour and human resource management
Many organizations and institutions are struggling to survive in a business and market environment
which is volatile and fierce, and thus they are doing everything within their means in their quest to keep the
motivation levels of their staff high and to ensure an increase in their competitiveness and an improvement in
performance. Several studies indicate that improved employee performance gives organizations an age over and
above the others in the same business
Talent Retention and Employees’ Resilience of Telecommunication Companies in ...Premier Publishers
This study investigated the relationship between talent retention and employee resilience of telecommunication companies in Rivers State, Nigeria. Talent retention was conceptualized the independent variable while interpersonal competence, adaptability, and pro-activeness were used as measures of the dependent variable. The study adopted the cross-sectional survey in its investigation of the variables. The primary source of data was generated through a self- administered questionnaire. A sample of one hundred and nine (109) respondents were drawn from a population of one hundred and thirty-four (134) respondents, using the Taro Yamane’s formula for sample size determination. The research instrument was validated through the supervisor’s vetting and approval while the reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70. Data generated were analyzed and presented using both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Statistics. The tests were carried out at a 95% confidence interval and a 0.05 level of significance. Empirical findings revealed that talent retention positively and significantly influences employee resilience of telecommunication companies in Rivers State, Nigeria. The result of the findings further revealed that talent retention of telecommunication companies in Rivers State, Nigeria gave rise to interpersonal competence, adaptability, and pro-activeness. The study recommends that management of telecommunication companies should do their best to retain employees who have been a positive impact on the companies and use it to motivate other employees working within the designated department in the company.
The Effectiveness of Human Resource Management PracticesWaqas Tariq
An effective human resource management practices namely employee empowerment, training and development, appraisal system compensation are the main factor for the success of a firm on employee retention. In this study, we aim to study how employees regard importance of their empowerment, equity of compensation, job design through training and expectancy toward effective performance management on their retention. Quantitative data was collected using the non probability self administered questionnaire that consist of questions with 5-points Likert scales distributed to our samples of 278 individuals. By using a multiple regression analysis, it is found that a, training and development, appraisal system compensation are significant to employee retention except employee empowerment. Base on the results, training, compensation and appraisal is a fundamental consideration for University of Y lecturers¡¯ retention decision; while empowerment is less fundamental to lecturers¡¯ consideration as this can be attributed to the Asian culture characteristic of higher authority conformity.
Recruitment Practices And Staff Performance In Public Universities: A Case St...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Recruitment, as a human resource management function, is one of the activities that impact most critically on the performance of any organization irrespective of its size and location. Public Universities, known to train professionals that exhibit transformative leadership and successfully run blue-chip companies have equally suffered from rampart industrial unrest and human resource malpractices across Kenya. Could it be a unique trend of organizational deviance that could be reflecting absence of a well executed staff recruitment practice? While it is understood and accepted that poor recruitment decisions continue to affect organizational performance and limit goal achievement, knowledge about this aspect in Public Universities remains scanty. The aim of this study was to address this gap by evaluating how recruitment practices affect performance of administrative staff in Public Universities using Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya as a case reference. A cross-sectional survey design was employed while sampling strategy was a blend of multiphase, stratified and purposive sampling. A sample size of 124 out of 1150 comprised mainly of administrative staff was used and that a questionnaire was the principal tool of data collection. Results were analyzed using frequency tables, mean, standard deviation and simple linear regression. The study found that a recruitment policy existed at Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya and that both external and internal recruitment practices were used to recruit employees at the University. However, it was noted that most of the university employees are recruited through media advert, internal advertisement, through transfers and promotions. The results of the regression indicated that recruitment practices are a significant predictor of employee performance, which was explained by 32% of variance and a moderate relationship captured by beta weight value of 0.57. On effectiveness of the recruitment policy, only 30% rated it as effective while 62% were indifferent and 8% rated it ineffective. The study concluded that although a significant relationship between recruitment practices and employee performance existed, it’s effectiveness and therefore positive impact on employee performance depended on employees’ positive perception and rating. It’s recommended that the Universities should avoid biasness in the recruitment process as this will negatively impact on employee performance.
Organisations both in the private and public sector across the globe rely on their workforce for optimum productivity which will in turn result to organisational efficiency. In this case, the need for ensuring employee job satisfaction becomes a matter of necessity to every organisation. Though, studies have been conducted by various researchers and scholars in this area, there is however the need to conduct more studies on job satisfaction and performance of an employee since the employees are believed to be an indispensable part of an organisation. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between job satisfaction and performance of non-academic staff of Bauchi State University Gadau Nigeria (BASUG). Dissatisfaction is believed to be one of the major factors that demotivates and demoralise employee in the workplace which can result to lower productivity thereby affecting the overall performance of the organisation. Consequently an aggregate of two hundred and seventy questionnaires were distributed non- academic staff of BASUG based on systematic random sampling and data collected is analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The outcome of the analysis depicts that there is positive and significant relationship between job satisfactions on the performance of non- academic staff of the University. The study will serve as a policy guide to the management of the Nigerian Universities in areas relating to employee performance improvement through job satisfaction and it will also further make an impetus the field of organisational behaviour and human resource management
Many organizations and institutions are struggling to survive in a business and market environment
which is volatile and fierce, and thus they are doing everything within their means in their quest to keep the
motivation levels of their staff high and to ensure an increase in their competitiveness and an improvement in
performance. Several studies indicate that improved employee performance gives organizations an age over and
above the others in the same business
Talent Retention and Employees’ Resilience of Telecommunication Companies in ...Premier Publishers
This study investigated the relationship between talent retention and employee resilience of telecommunication companies in Rivers State, Nigeria. Talent retention was conceptualized the independent variable while interpersonal competence, adaptability, and pro-activeness were used as measures of the dependent variable. The study adopted the cross-sectional survey in its investigation of the variables. The primary source of data was generated through a self- administered questionnaire. A sample of one hundred and nine (109) respondents were drawn from a population of one hundred and thirty-four (134) respondents, using the Taro Yamane’s formula for sample size determination. The research instrument was validated through the supervisor’s vetting and approval while the reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70. Data generated were analyzed and presented using both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Statistics. The tests were carried out at a 95% confidence interval and a 0.05 level of significance. Empirical findings revealed that talent retention positively and significantly influences employee resilience of telecommunication companies in Rivers State, Nigeria. The result of the findings further revealed that talent retention of telecommunication companies in Rivers State, Nigeria gave rise to interpersonal competence, adaptability, and pro-activeness. The study recommends that management of telecommunication companies should do their best to retain employees who have been a positive impact on the companies and use it to motivate other employees working within the designated department in the company.
The Effectiveness of Human Resource Management PracticesWaqas Tariq
An effective human resource management practices namely employee empowerment, training and development, appraisal system compensation are the main factor for the success of a firm on employee retention. In this study, we aim to study how employees regard importance of their empowerment, equity of compensation, job design through training and expectancy toward effective performance management on their retention. Quantitative data was collected using the non probability self administered questionnaire that consist of questions with 5-points Likert scales distributed to our samples of 278 individuals. By using a multiple regression analysis, it is found that a, training and development, appraisal system compensation are significant to employee retention except employee empowerment. Base on the results, training, compensation and appraisal is a fundamental consideration for University of Y lecturers¡¯ retention decision; while empowerment is less fundamental to lecturers¡¯ consideration as this can be attributed to the Asian culture characteristic of higher authority conformity.
Recruitment Practices And Staff Performance In Public Universities: A Case St...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Recruitment, as a human resource management function, is one of the activities that impact most critically on the performance of any organization irrespective of its size and location. Public Universities, known to train professionals that exhibit transformative leadership and successfully run blue-chip companies have equally suffered from rampart industrial unrest and human resource malpractices across Kenya. Could it be a unique trend of organizational deviance that could be reflecting absence of a well executed staff recruitment practice? While it is understood and accepted that poor recruitment decisions continue to affect organizational performance and limit goal achievement, knowledge about this aspect in Public Universities remains scanty. The aim of this study was to address this gap by evaluating how recruitment practices affect performance of administrative staff in Public Universities using Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya as a case reference. A cross-sectional survey design was employed while sampling strategy was a blend of multiphase, stratified and purposive sampling. A sample size of 124 out of 1150 comprised mainly of administrative staff was used and that a questionnaire was the principal tool of data collection. Results were analyzed using frequency tables, mean, standard deviation and simple linear regression. The study found that a recruitment policy existed at Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya and that both external and internal recruitment practices were used to recruit employees at the University. However, it was noted that most of the university employees are recruited through media advert, internal advertisement, through transfers and promotions. The results of the regression indicated that recruitment practices are a significant predictor of employee performance, which was explained by 32% of variance and a moderate relationship captured by beta weight value of 0.57. On effectiveness of the recruitment policy, only 30% rated it as effective while 62% were indifferent and 8% rated it ineffective. The study concluded that although a significant relationship between recruitment practices and employee performance existed, it’s effectiveness and therefore positive impact on employee performance depended on employees’ positive perception and rating. It’s recommended that the Universities should avoid biasness in the recruitment process as this will negatively impact on employee performance.
The primary purpose of this study is to provide a conceptual framework for „student satisfaction‟ in
order to understand and conceptualise the key aspects of the term.
Job Satisfaction and Faculty Turnover Intentions: A Case of Pakistani Univers...IOSRJBM
Retaining faculty members has been a problem in many universities for decades. When competent teachers quit, they depart with critical knowledge and experience that are essential for maintaininga competitive advantage. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of four facets of job satisfaction on turnover intentions of faculty members of different universities of Rawalpindi/Islamabad. A 16-item, selfadministered questionnaire was used to gather data on independent and dependent variables. In questionnaire, researchers used 5 point Likert scale for variables to measure respondent’s possible responses. 110 questionnaires were completed and returned back. Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression tests were used to test the hypothesis. The results showed that the three facets of job satisfaction i.e. remuneration, supervisory support and work life policies have significant and negative relationship with turnover intentions while recognition has insignificant relationship with turnover intentions and this relationship did not support the researchers’ prediction. Results have been discussed andrecommendations have been made for universities’ administrations.
HRM in Higher Education: The Need of the Houriosrjce
Education is today looked on as a business world over, including India and the competition is getting stiff. In this
competitive scenario management of human resources in universities is just as challenging as it is in any other organization.
Though almost all universities and affiliated institutions offer courses in human resource management and train their
students to manage large corporations, they are unable to manage their own human resources effectively. This is especially
so in India where higher education is still controlled by the public sector. Most universities do not have a separate
department dedicated to performing the HR functions. This paper outlines the development of HRM from an administrative
function to a strategic one and discusses the crucial role that it has to play in institutions of higher learning. It highlights the
need for a complete revamp of HR functions of recruitment, placement, training, appraisal, compensation and employee
relations. It argues that State funded universities need to restructure themselves to create this department so that specialized
people can be employed full-time to undertake crucial Human Resource functions. Such a department dedicated exclusively
to the functions of managing human resources can become strategic to an educational institution and become a source of
competitive advantage
Performance Appraisal of Human Resources in Anglo-Saxon Higher Education Inst...ijtsrd
Performance appraisal is one of the areas of human resources in educational administration which brings about school effectiveness. When school activities are well apprised and results communicated, corrections will be effected leading to school effectiveness. Thus, this article is intended at exploring Performance Appraisal of Human Resources in Anglo Saxon Higher Education Institutions in Cameroon. The implication is that performance appraisal of human resources can impact school effectiveness. data was collected from primary sources through the administration of interview to ten administrators and questionnaires to lecturers using the five point Likert scale format and close ended questionnaires to 375 lecturers. Two data analysis approaches were used for the study that is the qualitative and quantitative method. In all, despite these lapses with performance appraisal observed, all the lecturers 331 100 agreed that the basic purpose of performance appraisal is to facilitate orderly determination of an employee's worth to the organization of which he is a part and the first step in the process of performance appraisal is the setting up of the standards which will be used as the base to compare the actual performance of the employees. It was then recommended that future research on performance appraisal in the Anglo Saxon Higher Institutions in Cameroon studies should focus on leadership and the management of staff performance in institutions of higher learning. The research would focus on the style of leadership in an institution and how it influences the implementation of performance appraisal. Literature indicates that leadership provides vision and builds staff confidence to enable them to achieved targets. Leaders decide on appraisal policy, purpose and implementation procedures. Nforbi Shalotte Lem "Performance Appraisal of Human Resources in Anglo-Saxon Higher Education Institutions in Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29593.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/29593/performance-appraisal-of-human-resources-in-anglo-saxon-higher-education-institutions-in-cameroon/nforbi-shalotte-lem
The Aim Of This Study Is To Investigate The Reciprocal Relationship Between Job Satisfaction,
Employee Commitment And Organizational Performance. Accordingly, A Linear Structural Equation Model
Was Developed To Delineate The Above Interaction And Explore The Mediating Effects Of Commitment On The
Relationship Between Job Satisfaction And Organizational Performance.
Employee Resourcing and Service Delivery in Selected Ministries in Enugu Stateijtsrd
This study investigated employee resourcing and service delivery in selected ministries in Enugu State. The study specifically examined the effect of core activities of employee resourcing ER which was decomposed into Human Resource Planning HRP , Recruitment process, Selection and induction, Performance management, Learning and development and Recognition and reward to ascertain their effect on employees' service delivery in Enugu State using an econometric regression model of the ordinary least square. Findings revealed that Human Resource Planning HRP , Recruitment process, Selection and induction, Performance management, Learning and development and Recognition and reward significantly influence employees' service delivery in Enugu State. Based on the findings the study recommends that Enugu State Civil Service should adhere strictly to the procedure of personnel recruitment and also vigorously follow the core activities of employee resourcing ER in the recruitment and retention process to ensure quality service delivery in the state. Ofodeme, Eugenia Amaka | Agbasi, Obianuju Emmanuela | Ani, Ukamaka Teresa "Employee Resourcing and Service Delivery in Selected Ministries in Enugu State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25297.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/25297/employee-resourcing-and-service-delivery-in-selected-ministries-in-enugu-state/ofodeme-eugenia-amaka
Investigating the influence of service training reward system and empowerment...csandit
The current study focuses on the investigation of the relationship between variables training,
reward, empowerment and job satisfaction of the employees and the influence of job satisfaction
on the organizational commitment. In so doing, the relationship between super pattern variables
was considered on the basis of some theoretical principles. This is a correlative study in which
the path analysis model is used, because it is possible to investigate direct and indirect paths
through such model. Population included all employees of Ilam’s telecommunications company
among whom 190 ones were selected as the sample by use of randomized sampling model. Data
was gathered using five standard questionnaires. The reliability and admissibility of the
questionnaires was evaluated by use of Coronbach’s and explorative factor analysis. In order
to test the available pattern, the path analysis technique was used. Results show that there is a
meaningful relationship between the above mentioned variables.
Training and Development Practices and Employees’ Performance in Selected Man...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Managing workforce diversity in manufacturing organisations has been a problem all over the world including Nigeria. Manufacturing organisations in Nigeria continue to experience occasional drop in performance due to employees’ apathy and non-challant attitudes as a result of high level of dissatisfaction caused by inadequate attention to training and development practices. This study assessed the relationships between training and development practices and employees’ performance in selected manufacturing companies in Nigeria. A cross sectional survey research design was employed, and out of the 1,568 copies of questionnaire that were administered proportionally in the selected manufacturing companies, 1,153 copies were retrieved and found useful. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results of the findings show f-statistics of 223.717 and so, there is a significant relationship between training and development practices and employees’ performance among Nigerians working in the selected manufacturing companies. Also, f-statistics of 244.391 shows a significant relationship between training and development practices and employees’ performance among other nationals in the selected MNCs. The study concluded that there are significant relationships between training and development practices and employees’ performance in selected manufacturing MNCs in Nigeria.
An empirical review of Motivation as a Constituent to Employees' Retentioninventy
This study investigated the link between motivation and retention and the effect of motivation on retention at different organisational levels. The research linked motivation and high job satisfaction to explore strategies that help in employees' retention and why public sector employees leave with particular reference to Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Owerri. This was achieved by collecting primary data from Federal Medical Centre (FMC) on non-clinical staff/employees (managers and non-managers and secondary data from published materials and the hospital's human resources (HR) data. The findings were tested using employee motivational attributes to prove that motivation plays a crucial role in enhancing employee retention. Motivation was found to be a core factor that determines the level of employee retention among managers and non-managers within the case study organisation. Specifically, it was found out that employees tend to be motivated if they are subjected to performance-based compensation, recognition for good work, and encouraged to pursue individually fulfilling tasks.
Linking Professional Business Education with Job Performance and career progr...Dr. Syed Kashan Ali Shah
A published research paper on Linking Professional Business Education with Job Performance and career progression: A stakeholder satisfaction perspective
The Effects of Motivation on Staff Productivity/Performance at the Francis Su...iosrjce
The paper examines the impact of motivation on staff performance and productivity in the university
library, using structured questionnaire and interview tools administered on 72 para-professional staff. The
study sought to know what their possible motivating factors are and to what extent they can be influenced for
higher performance and productivity. The result revealed both the factors and the degree of influence in the
following descending order, participation in decision making, job security, challenging work assignment,
monetary reward and job incentives. It was evident that their productivity was at its lowest ebb as further
inquiry revealed that apart from the mass retrenchment of staff in 2004, only three (4.2%) of the staff were
sponsored for training between 2004-2011.Recomendations were made for regular management and staff
dialogue in addition to training of staff on new information technologies as their level of backwardness was
appalling
This project is an appraisal of human
resources management in the Nigeria construction industry. The
aims and object of the study included the identification of the
methods adopted for managing human resources in the industry
here in Nigeria. The scope was however limited to human
resources recruitment, selection, training and development. To
achieve these aims and objectives a field survey was carried out
covering fire construction firms. A questionnaire was used to
collect data from the subject of the study. The data was used to
answer the research hypotheses on the recruitment and training
methods adopted in the industry. The analysis of the data reveals,
among others, that construction firms practice a decentralized
system of recruitment, that the on the job training was the most
adapted method by construction firms, and that the major
criteria for selecting applicants for construction jobs were the
academic qualifications and experience, and performance at
interview and tests. Based on these findings, the study concluded
that the methods adopted were limited in scope, and there was
slow level of professionalism within industry.
Strong work ethics have the capacity to influence workforce commitment thereby ensuring
organizational competitiveness and high organizational performance. Unfortunately, many core work values
and guidelines are in most cases ignored and they go unmonitored in many organizations. As a result, this
affects the morale, performance and level of commitment of individual employees in organizations
The primary purpose of this study is to provide a conceptual framework for „student satisfaction‟ in
order to understand and conceptualise the key aspects of the term.
Job Satisfaction and Faculty Turnover Intentions: A Case of Pakistani Univers...IOSRJBM
Retaining faculty members has been a problem in many universities for decades. When competent teachers quit, they depart with critical knowledge and experience that are essential for maintaininga competitive advantage. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of four facets of job satisfaction on turnover intentions of faculty members of different universities of Rawalpindi/Islamabad. A 16-item, selfadministered questionnaire was used to gather data on independent and dependent variables. In questionnaire, researchers used 5 point Likert scale for variables to measure respondent’s possible responses. 110 questionnaires were completed and returned back. Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression tests were used to test the hypothesis. The results showed that the three facets of job satisfaction i.e. remuneration, supervisory support and work life policies have significant and negative relationship with turnover intentions while recognition has insignificant relationship with turnover intentions and this relationship did not support the researchers’ prediction. Results have been discussed andrecommendations have been made for universities’ administrations.
HRM in Higher Education: The Need of the Houriosrjce
Education is today looked on as a business world over, including India and the competition is getting stiff. In this
competitive scenario management of human resources in universities is just as challenging as it is in any other organization.
Though almost all universities and affiliated institutions offer courses in human resource management and train their
students to manage large corporations, they are unable to manage their own human resources effectively. This is especially
so in India where higher education is still controlled by the public sector. Most universities do not have a separate
department dedicated to performing the HR functions. This paper outlines the development of HRM from an administrative
function to a strategic one and discusses the crucial role that it has to play in institutions of higher learning. It highlights the
need for a complete revamp of HR functions of recruitment, placement, training, appraisal, compensation and employee
relations. It argues that State funded universities need to restructure themselves to create this department so that specialized
people can be employed full-time to undertake crucial Human Resource functions. Such a department dedicated exclusively
to the functions of managing human resources can become strategic to an educational institution and become a source of
competitive advantage
Performance Appraisal of Human Resources in Anglo-Saxon Higher Education Inst...ijtsrd
Performance appraisal is one of the areas of human resources in educational administration which brings about school effectiveness. When school activities are well apprised and results communicated, corrections will be effected leading to school effectiveness. Thus, this article is intended at exploring Performance Appraisal of Human Resources in Anglo Saxon Higher Education Institutions in Cameroon. The implication is that performance appraisal of human resources can impact school effectiveness. data was collected from primary sources through the administration of interview to ten administrators and questionnaires to lecturers using the five point Likert scale format and close ended questionnaires to 375 lecturers. Two data analysis approaches were used for the study that is the qualitative and quantitative method. In all, despite these lapses with performance appraisal observed, all the lecturers 331 100 agreed that the basic purpose of performance appraisal is to facilitate orderly determination of an employee's worth to the organization of which he is a part and the first step in the process of performance appraisal is the setting up of the standards which will be used as the base to compare the actual performance of the employees. It was then recommended that future research on performance appraisal in the Anglo Saxon Higher Institutions in Cameroon studies should focus on leadership and the management of staff performance in institutions of higher learning. The research would focus on the style of leadership in an institution and how it influences the implementation of performance appraisal. Literature indicates that leadership provides vision and builds staff confidence to enable them to achieved targets. Leaders decide on appraisal policy, purpose and implementation procedures. Nforbi Shalotte Lem "Performance Appraisal of Human Resources in Anglo-Saxon Higher Education Institutions in Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29593.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/29593/performance-appraisal-of-human-resources-in-anglo-saxon-higher-education-institutions-in-cameroon/nforbi-shalotte-lem
The Aim Of This Study Is To Investigate The Reciprocal Relationship Between Job Satisfaction,
Employee Commitment And Organizational Performance. Accordingly, A Linear Structural Equation Model
Was Developed To Delineate The Above Interaction And Explore The Mediating Effects Of Commitment On The
Relationship Between Job Satisfaction And Organizational Performance.
Employee Resourcing and Service Delivery in Selected Ministries in Enugu Stateijtsrd
This study investigated employee resourcing and service delivery in selected ministries in Enugu State. The study specifically examined the effect of core activities of employee resourcing ER which was decomposed into Human Resource Planning HRP , Recruitment process, Selection and induction, Performance management, Learning and development and Recognition and reward to ascertain their effect on employees' service delivery in Enugu State using an econometric regression model of the ordinary least square. Findings revealed that Human Resource Planning HRP , Recruitment process, Selection and induction, Performance management, Learning and development and Recognition and reward significantly influence employees' service delivery in Enugu State. Based on the findings the study recommends that Enugu State Civil Service should adhere strictly to the procedure of personnel recruitment and also vigorously follow the core activities of employee resourcing ER in the recruitment and retention process to ensure quality service delivery in the state. Ofodeme, Eugenia Amaka | Agbasi, Obianuju Emmanuela | Ani, Ukamaka Teresa "Employee Resourcing and Service Delivery in Selected Ministries in Enugu State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25297.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/25297/employee-resourcing-and-service-delivery-in-selected-ministries-in-enugu-state/ofodeme-eugenia-amaka
Investigating the influence of service training reward system and empowerment...csandit
The current study focuses on the investigation of the relationship between variables training,
reward, empowerment and job satisfaction of the employees and the influence of job satisfaction
on the organizational commitment. In so doing, the relationship between super pattern variables
was considered on the basis of some theoretical principles. This is a correlative study in which
the path analysis model is used, because it is possible to investigate direct and indirect paths
through such model. Population included all employees of Ilam’s telecommunications company
among whom 190 ones were selected as the sample by use of randomized sampling model. Data
was gathered using five standard questionnaires. The reliability and admissibility of the
questionnaires was evaluated by use of Coronbach’s and explorative factor analysis. In order
to test the available pattern, the path analysis technique was used. Results show that there is a
meaningful relationship between the above mentioned variables.
Training and Development Practices and Employees’ Performance in Selected Man...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Managing workforce diversity in manufacturing organisations has been a problem all over the world including Nigeria. Manufacturing organisations in Nigeria continue to experience occasional drop in performance due to employees’ apathy and non-challant attitudes as a result of high level of dissatisfaction caused by inadequate attention to training and development practices. This study assessed the relationships between training and development practices and employees’ performance in selected manufacturing companies in Nigeria. A cross sectional survey research design was employed, and out of the 1,568 copies of questionnaire that were administered proportionally in the selected manufacturing companies, 1,153 copies were retrieved and found useful. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results of the findings show f-statistics of 223.717 and so, there is a significant relationship between training and development practices and employees’ performance among Nigerians working in the selected manufacturing companies. Also, f-statistics of 244.391 shows a significant relationship between training and development practices and employees’ performance among other nationals in the selected MNCs. The study concluded that there are significant relationships between training and development practices and employees’ performance in selected manufacturing MNCs in Nigeria.
An empirical review of Motivation as a Constituent to Employees' Retentioninventy
This study investigated the link between motivation and retention and the effect of motivation on retention at different organisational levels. The research linked motivation and high job satisfaction to explore strategies that help in employees' retention and why public sector employees leave with particular reference to Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Owerri. This was achieved by collecting primary data from Federal Medical Centre (FMC) on non-clinical staff/employees (managers and non-managers and secondary data from published materials and the hospital's human resources (HR) data. The findings were tested using employee motivational attributes to prove that motivation plays a crucial role in enhancing employee retention. Motivation was found to be a core factor that determines the level of employee retention among managers and non-managers within the case study organisation. Specifically, it was found out that employees tend to be motivated if they are subjected to performance-based compensation, recognition for good work, and encouraged to pursue individually fulfilling tasks.
Linking Professional Business Education with Job Performance and career progr...Dr. Syed Kashan Ali Shah
A published research paper on Linking Professional Business Education with Job Performance and career progression: A stakeholder satisfaction perspective
The Effects of Motivation on Staff Productivity/Performance at the Francis Su...iosrjce
The paper examines the impact of motivation on staff performance and productivity in the university
library, using structured questionnaire and interview tools administered on 72 para-professional staff. The
study sought to know what their possible motivating factors are and to what extent they can be influenced for
higher performance and productivity. The result revealed both the factors and the degree of influence in the
following descending order, participation in decision making, job security, challenging work assignment,
monetary reward and job incentives. It was evident that their productivity was at its lowest ebb as further
inquiry revealed that apart from the mass retrenchment of staff in 2004, only three (4.2%) of the staff were
sponsored for training between 2004-2011.Recomendations were made for regular management and staff
dialogue in addition to training of staff on new information technologies as their level of backwardness was
appalling
This project is an appraisal of human
resources management in the Nigeria construction industry. The
aims and object of the study included the identification of the
methods adopted for managing human resources in the industry
here in Nigeria. The scope was however limited to human
resources recruitment, selection, training and development. To
achieve these aims and objectives a field survey was carried out
covering fire construction firms. A questionnaire was used to
collect data from the subject of the study. The data was used to
answer the research hypotheses on the recruitment and training
methods adopted in the industry. The analysis of the data reveals,
among others, that construction firms practice a decentralized
system of recruitment, that the on the job training was the most
adapted method by construction firms, and that the major
criteria for selecting applicants for construction jobs were the
academic qualifications and experience, and performance at
interview and tests. Based on these findings, the study concluded
that the methods adopted were limited in scope, and there was
slow level of professionalism within industry.
Strong work ethics have the capacity to influence workforce commitment thereby ensuring
organizational competitiveness and high organizational performance. Unfortunately, many core work values
and guidelines are in most cases ignored and they go unmonitored in many organizations. As a result, this
affects the morale, performance and level of commitment of individual employees in organizations
Exploring the Relationship between HR Practices and Employee Retention: A Stu...AI Publications
This academic article investigates the relationship between HR practices and employee retention within the tech industry. The study aims to analyze how specific HR practices impact employee retention and provide insights into effective strategies for organizations. The research sample includes 338 administrative staff members from various tech companies. The study employs a quantitative approach, conducting reliability analysis and regression analysis using SPSS to analyze the collected data.
Employee Retention - Prespective of Employeesdeshwal852
Employee retention is a process in which the employees are encouraged to remain with the organization for life time or maximum period of time. It is a strategic tool for the success of the firm. Employee retention is a technique adopted by businesses to maintain an effective workforce and at the same time meet operational requirements. Employees are the greatest asset for an organization. Therefore, every
organization must treat their employees as ends and not means to ends because they add value to the organization. The objective of the study was to measure the perception of employees for employee retention. For this purpose the investigator selected 70 employees working in government and private sector from Delhi region. Employee retention scale given by Walker (2001) was used. The collected data
were processed by applying‘t’ test. The result of the study reveals that there was no significant difference among male and female employees for employee retention also there was no significant difference between the perception of government and private sector employees.
Article on employee retention & attritionSivajiSamireddi
The study was conducted with 60 Executive employees to know the reasons of leaving and the company wanted to retain the talented minds by fulfilling their expectations. Accordingly, the main reasons and factors were identified and suggested suitably for the betterment of the organisation.
Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 . Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission
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Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
Analyzing every customer’s aims, objectives and purpose of research
Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
Coordinating and including their own ideas and knowledge
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In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
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We have PhD experts from reputed institutions/ organizations like Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and many more apex education institutions in India. Our works are tailored and drafted as per your requirements and are totally unique.
From past years our core advisory members, research team assisted research scholars from various universities from all corners of world
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Management, Commerce, Finance, Marketing, Psychology, Education, Sociology, Mass communications, English Literature, English Language, Law, History, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Pharmacy & Healthcare
Research Paper Writing
Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 . Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission
“To provide breakthrough research works to our clients through Perseverant efforts towards creativity and innovation”.
Vision
Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
Analyzing every customer’s aims, objectives and purpose of research
Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
Coordinating and including their own ideas and knowledge
Providing the desired inferences and results of the research
In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
We have PhD experts from reputed institutions/ organizations like Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and many more apex education institutions in India. Our works are tailored and drafted as per your requirements and are totally unique.
From past years our core advisory members, research team assisted research scholars from various universities from all corners of world.
Week 3 ResourcesEmployees motivation and valued rewards.pdf.docxcockekeshia
Week 3 Resources/Employees motivation and valued rewards.pdf
Article ISSN: 2348-3784
HemaMalini P H, Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Anna University, Chennai.
E-Mail: [email protected]
Dr. Anthea Washington, Senior Lecturer, Department of Educational & Professional Development,
Caledonian College of Engineering, P.O Box 2322, CPO Seeb 111, Sultanate of Oman. E-Mail:
[email protected], Phone: 00968 24536165/ 968 97101468, Fax: 00968 24535675
(Corresponding Author)
Employees’ Motivation and Valued Rewards as a Key
to Effective QWL- from the Perspective of
Expectancy Theory
HemaMalini PH and Anthea Washington
Abstract
Employees around the world are motivated to work and perform effectively based on the
kind of positive rewards they expect to earn as a result of their performance. This paper is
an attempt to relate quality of work life with the Expectancy theory proposed by Victor
Vroom. The three factors of the theory are associated and viewed from the perspective of
various work related components such as working environment, amenities and resources
with reference to an educational institution in Oman. The paper supports the idea that
employees’ efforts propelled by positive behavior and valued goals are instrumental in
increasing the QWL.
Key Words: Quality of Work life, expectancy theory, motivation, rewards
1. Introduction
Quality of Work Life (QWL) has gained the attention of people worldwide, particularly in
the last two decades and has been an interesting area of study for researchers,
academicians, managers and experts who have looked at it as a core indicator for job
satisfaction, employee motivation, performance management and enhanced productivity.
Numerous studies have reported that QWL is an important factor for employee retention
and improving the productivity of the organization. It is indeed true that work – life
balance is imperative for an organization to be successful. Employees need to be provided
the right kind of work atmosphere and facilities to enhance the effectiveness of the
organization. This has made organizations worldwide to look into the finer aspects of
developing healthy QWL for the employees.
It is generally believed that it is the organisation’s responsibility to take initiatives for
improving the QWL for their employees. Several studies have reported that the
organization need to provide job security, safe and healthy working conditions, fair
46 Employees’ Motivation and Valued Rewards as a Key to Effective QWL-
from the Perspective of Expectancy Theory
TSM Business Review, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2014
compensation, career opportunities and welfare facilities for the employees in order to
improve the QWL. While this is largely necessary, it also takes initiatives from the
employees themselves to enhance the QWL. In this paper the authors have taken efforts
to show how employees’ efforts propelled.
A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE PERCEPTION TOWARDS ORGANISATIONAL COMMITMENT AND ITS IMPA...IAEME Publication
The organizations in both public and private sectors have been putting their efforts toward creating performance culture, which is characterized by a search for strategies to improve the contribution of both individuals and organizations to enhance the performance. The Organizational Commitment is found to be one of the factors associated with enhancing Job Performance. Higher affective Commitment towards an organisation is considered an important determinant of dedication and loyalty. Affectively committed employees considered to be having a sense of belonging and identification exhibit their increased involvement in organisation’s activities and their desire to perform well in the organisation. The perception that organisation values their wellbeing evidently led employees’ to identify the organization’s wellbeing with their own. This study portrait the behavioral aspects of the employees of the firm, exhibiting their commitment to the organization.
The Effects of Employee Training on Organizational Commitment in Millennials ...Joaquín Van Thienen
This academic research paper served as a final evaluation for the senior-level course "Research Methods in Psychology".
The objectives of this project were:
- to conduct an in-depth literature review on a topic of interest in psychology, and
- to design an experimental research study based on this review.
(Data were provided by the instructor and did not reflect measurements obtained in real life).
Impact of Employee Engagement on PerformanceIJAEMSJORNAL
Employee engagement is a vast concept and has a wide area of interpretation and thus each organisation interprets the meaning of employee engagement on its own terms, knowledge, and culture. Employee engagement is a relationship between the employee and the enterprise, an engaged employee is the one who is entirely engrossed in and ardent about their work and so takes positive steps to further the organisation's prestige and interests. The construct employee engagement is built on the foundation of concepts like organisation citizenship behaviour, employee commitment, and job satisfaction. Though it relates to and besets these concepts but employee engagement is broader in scope. In today's scenario organisations have started looking out for ways more stronger than only monetary incentives to keep employees involved and work towards goals, hence comes the role of employee engagement which helps the employees realise they are a part of the organisation and thus employees are emotionally connected to their organization and highly involved in their job with a great enthusiasm for the success of their employer, going an extra mile beyond the employment contractual agreement assuming all their efforts leads to the growth of what already belongs to them. Since Employee engagement is a fairly novel concept thus a lot of measurement metrics are not present to find out direct relationship between employee engagement and its impact on the performance of employees thus the purpose of this paper is to find out an Impact of employee engagement on the performance of the employees.
The aim of this study is to investigate reward system and employee performance in three selected
companies such as Nestle Plc, Mumudia Integrated services and Bucebal ventures limited in Port Harcourt,
Rivers State. The study also shows how employees improve its performances in a reward system. Questionnaire
was used as instrument and 60 questionnaires were issued and while 50 questionnaires were retrieved to check
the respondent’s opinion.
Promoting Organizational Citizenship Behaviour Through High .docxbriancrawford30935
Promoting Organizational Citizenship Behaviour
Through High Involvement Human Resource
Practices: An Attempt to Reduce Turnover Intention
Yu Ghee Wee
Mohamed Dahlan Bin Ibrahim
Faculty of Entrepreneurship and
Business
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan
Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
[email protected];
[email protected]
Kamarul Zaman Ahmad
College of Business Administration
Abu Dhabi University
Abu Dhabi
United Arab Emirates
[email protected]
Yap Sheau Fen
Department of Marketing, School of
Business
Monash University, Selangor,
Malaysia
[email protected]
Abstract— This study examines the possibility of inducing
organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) through human
resource (HR) philosophy and high involvement HR practices
administered at the workplace. Leader-member exchange (LMX)
is posited to be a potential mediator. Data was collected from
hotel frontline employees and analyzed through structural
equation modeling. Findings show that HR philosophy drives the
formulation of the bundles of high involvement human resource
practices and such philosophy contributes to employees’
willingness in exhibiting citizenship behavior directed at
individuals (OCBI) as well as organizations (OCBO) as a whole.
High involvement HR practices, however, do not elicit OCB but
are significantly related to LMX, a new theoretical insight which
should invite future research. Although exchanges between
supervisors and subordinates are proven to have influences on
employees’ willingness in performing OCB, LMX does not
mediate the relationship between high involvement HR practices
and OCB. Overall, hotel frontline employees participated in this
study exhibit more of OCBO as a whole, rather than OCBI; and
such behavior reduce their intention to leave. Both theoretical
and practical implications as well as avenues for future research
are discussed.
Keywords - Organizational citizenship behavior, human resource
philosophy, human resource practices, leader-member exchange.
I. INTRODUCTION
For decades, researchers have concluded that HR practices
have a major impact on employee productivity and
commitment (Huselid, 1995; Huselid et al., 1997; Pfeffer,
1998; Pfeffer and Veiga, 1999; Vandenberg et al., 1999;
Wright et al., 2005). This essential role of HR practices are
further affirmed when scholars introduced the concept of
―high performance work systems‖, also called ―high
involvement work practices‖ (Walton, 1985; Womack et al.,
1990; Lawler et al., 1995; Wood, 1999) -- a belief that
employees are organizational asset rather than simply an
expense to be incurred (Wood and Wall, 2002). Although
conceptually supported and empirically tested on various
measurement scales and differing dimensions, none of the
studies have firmly reported any significant relationship
between bundles of high involvement HR practices and OCB.
Organ (1988:4) defined OCB as ―individual behavior t.
Human Resource Practices and their Impact on Employee Commitment in the Catho...ijtsrd
This paper examines the impact of Human Resource Practices on Employee Commitment among teachers of the Catholic Education agency in the Diocese of Buea. Among the human resource practices considered were compensation, recognition, training, and working conditions. With a total of 1000 employees, 278 employees participated in the research. Questionnaires were used to collect the data based on convenience sampling. A survey research design was utilized in the research. The findings revealed that there was a positive relationship between the aforementioned practices and employee commitment. Conclusions, recommendations and indications for future research are discussed in the paper. Kengnjoh Michael Mbuwir "Human Resource Practices and their Impact on Employee Commitment in the Catholic Education Agency, Diocese of Buea, SWR Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57515.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/57515/human-resource-practices-and-their-impact-on-employee-commitment-in-the-catholic-education-agency-diocese-of-buea-swr-cameroon/kengnjoh-michael-mbuwir
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Factors Influencing Employee Retention at Meru University of Science and Technology
1. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)
e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668. Volume 17, Issue 11 .Ver. II (Nov. 2015), PP 75-82
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/487X-171127582 www.iosrjournals.org 75 | Page
Factors Influencing Employee Retention at Meru University of
Science and Technology
Janet Kaari Mutiria1
, Dr. Simon Rukangu2
, Dr. Thiaine Kubaison3
1,2,3(Department Of Business Management, Meru University Of Science And Technology, Kenya)
Abstract: Employees’ retention is one of the critical aspects of human resource management and the success of
any organisation; since human resource is a very critical resource that must be taken care of and retained. The
purpose of this study was to establish the factors influencing employee retention at Meru University of Science
and Technology. The study was conducted at Meru University of Science and Technology. The specific
objectives of the study were: to establish the extent to which training and development influenced employee
retention, to determine the extent to which performance appraisal influenced employee retention , to assess the
extent to which welfare benefits influenced employee retention and to determine the extent to which potential
for career growth influenced employee retention. The study will benefit the management of the university and
future researchers. The study used descriptive research design with a target population of 312 employees and a
sample size of 104 respondents whereby stratification was used to come up with the sample. The data was
collected by use of questionnaires. For validity and reliability, questionnaires were pre-tested in a pilot survey.
The study found that performance ratings were not done fairly and that staff did not undertake proffessional
training however they attended mentorship programmes which was a major contributor to their retention. Lack
of professional training was a contributing factor to the high turnover. Regarding the career growth, there was
opportunity for career growth however this is not fairly done. The unfairness to career growth opportunity was
another repellant that put off the employees from continuing to offer services. The institution also took care of
the employees’ welfare but more needed to be done especially with regard to improvement of the medical
scheme and pension scheme. The study therefore recommended that the staff members to be actively involved in
performance appraisal especially in rating them so that they get the feedback for their rating and the support to
improve their performance. The study also recommended that the management should encourage the employees
to pursue professional training to improve their skills and also to enhance their career growth. The study
further recommends that the institution should manage career growth of individual employees with fairness and
without any discrimination so as to reduce the level of voluntary attrition.
Key words: employee retention, career growth, employee turnover, performance appraisal, welfare benefits,
training and development
I. Introduction
Employee retention is one of the most critical issues facing organizational managers because of the
shortage of skilled workers, economic growth, and high employee turnover (Samuel & Chipunza, 2013,). Once
an organization has captured skilled employees, the return on investment requires closing the back door to
prevent them from walking out. Employees are more likely to remain with the organization only if they believe
that the organization shows more interest and concern for them, if they know what is expected of them, if they
are given a role that fits their capabilities, and if they receive regular positive feedback and recognition (Samuel
& Chipunza, 2013).
While retention strategies across different occupational groups and industries have many common
features, such as competitive pay, good working environment, and progressive human resource policies that
offer opportunities for advancement, they need to be context-specific and evidence-based to be more effective
(Tittey, 2010). Therefore, an appropriate understanding of employees‟ expectations of their work environments
is a critical issue in higher education institutions. To retain workers effectively, employers must know what
factors motivate their employees to stay in the field and what factors cause them to leave. Employers need to
understand whether these factors are associated with worker characteristics, or with the nature of the work
process, over which they may have some control (Horwitz, 2004). An evaluation of higher education in Africa
over the last two decades shows that institutions of higher learning are hampered by a myriad of problems which
affect their ability as the centres of intellectual excellence that they were conceived (Saint, 1992).
Tettey (2010) observes that over the last decade, student enrolment in African Universities has grown
by significant amounts in response to the increasing demand for higher education. Hillary et al. (2005) opined
that academic staffs are somewhat less satisfied with their jobs than those in the workforce as a whole since they
consider salary and ability to earn money from additional work, qualitative dimensions of their job and longer
2. Factors Influencing Employee Retention in Public Universities in Kenya: A Case of Meru...
DOI: 10.9790/487X-171127582 www.iosrjournals.org 76 | Page
term factors such as promotions and job security. According to Hugo (2010), academic staff recruitment and
retention is a challenge across the globe with the situation in many African countries being particularly urgent
During the previous years, the major cause of employee attrition was mainly related to low pay and
lack of adequate benefits, as evidenced by various previous research; for instance Coaldrake & Stedman, (1999)
in their study concluded that low pay heavy work load and bureaucratic conditions were the major cause of high
turnover of employees in the institutions of higher learning. Another study by Netswera et al., (2005) concluded
that unfavorable working conditions and low pay were the major cause of voluntary exit by employees in many
organisations. However with the harmonization of pay in the Kenyan set up by the salaries and remuneration
commission as from the year 2010, which has further been strengthened by the launching of Remuneration and
Benefits Policy by his honorable president Uhuru Kenyatta in June 5th
2015, the issue of underpayment is no
longer the core cause of voluntary exits by the government employees and especially professionals in the
academics; there are still other unresolved issues that are making public institutions unable to retain their
employees for the longest period possible.
According to Chew (2004) and Ramlall (2001) retention has been linked to a broad set of HRM
practices, including compensation, benefits, training, advancement, supervision, workplace flexibility and
provisions of dependent care assistance for a large number of employers. Thus the researcher has attempted to
carry out this study on factors influencing employee retention in public universities in Meru county to find out if
the same factors that are covered by other researchers could be the ones affecting the public universities in Meru
county.
The specific study objectives were:
i. To establish the extent to which training and development influences employee retention.
ii. To establish the extent to which performance appraisal influences employee retention at.
iii. To establish the extent to which welfare benefits influences employee retention.
iv. To establish the extent to which potential for career growth influences employee retention
II. Literature Review
Theoretical framework
The study used two theories: the Social Exchange Theory and the social cognitive career theory. The
social exchange theory views employment relationship as consisting of social or economic exchanges (David. &
Robert, 2007). Economic exchange relationships involve the exchange of economic benefits in return for
employees‟ efforts are often dependent on formal contracts which are legally enforceable. On the other hand,
social exchanges are „voluntary actions‟ which may be initiated by an organization‟s treatment of its
employees , with the expectation that the employees will be obligated to reciprocate the good deeds of the
organization, Fathaniy (2011).
The exchange approach view of organizational commitment engagement posits that individuals attach
themselves to their organizations in return for certain rewards from the organizations. According to this view,
employees enter the organization with specific skills, desires and goals, and expect to find an environment
where they can use their skills, satisfy their desires and achieve their goals. Perception of favorable exchange/
rewards from the employees‟ view point is expected to result in increased engagement to the organization. On
the other hand, failure by the organization to provide sufficient rewards in exchange for employees efforts, is
likely to result in decreased organizational engagement. From this perspective, social –exchange theory suggests
that employees respond to perceived favorable working conditions by behaving in ways that benefit the
organization and /or other employees. Equally, employees retaliate against dissatisfying conditions by engaging
in negative work attitudes such as absenteeism , lateness or preparation to quit the organization (Chew &
Entrekin, 2004) The exchange theory has also been used to explain the employees attitudinal engagement to the
organization. According to the exchange perspective, employees exchange their identification, loyalty and
attachment to the organization, in return for incentives from the organization. This implies that an individual‟s
decision to become and remain a member of an organization is determined by their perception of the fairness of
the balance of organizational inducements and the employee contribution. Mapesela and Strydom (2004).)
Argue that unless employees believe they have been treated fairly, they will not be committed to the
organization.
The social cognitive career theory was conceptualized as a derivative of Bandura‟s general social
cognitive theory in which the intersection of intrinsic and extrinsic factors influences psychosocial learning.
This theory has been termed as the most promising career theory that may prove satisfactory in retention and
career development. Branham (2005) expanded the scope of social cognitive career theory, offering a new and
related social –cognitive model designed to explain the ways in which previously identified inputs such as self-
efficacy and outcome expectations, along with person and contextual variables are related to job satisfaction.
The authors cited recent research (Hays & Kearney, 2001) that linked job satisfaction to overall subjective well-
being, thus providing a rationale for the use of the theory in the current research. The primary focus is on the
3. Factors Influencing Employee Retention in Public Universities in Kenya: A Case of Meru...
DOI: 10.9790/487X-171127582 www.iosrjournals.org 77 | Page
central elements of social cognitive namely: self-efficacy and outcome expectations. Self-efficacy can be
defined as an individual‟s sense of control and responsibility for his/her personal environment. It is also defined
as the beliefs in ones capability to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given
attainments. Self-efficacy is concerned with the belief in the ability to exercise control over ones actions and
events that affect their lives .Beliefs impact life choices, motivation, quality of actions and the ability to
overcome adversity. The sources of self-efficacy are derived from three sources: mastery experience, vicarious
experience and social persuasion. Vicarious experience is observing the model of someone similar managing a
task successfully and drawing experience. Outcome expectations refer to the personal belief that successfully
performing certain tasks may result in probable response outcomes. Levine (1995) expanded upon Bandura‟s
work to focus exclusively on the development of the individual within the context of career. Managers who wish
to retain talent can borrow heavily from this theory. Career behavior is driven by self-efficacy or believes in the
ability to accomplish something worthwhile .The degree of achievement depends on two factors: outcome
expectations or the idea that initiating a particular behavior will yield the desired results and goals. If a person
feels confident of his/her abilities‟, he/she is more likely to take specific actions to reach them. This is
especially so for the young generation of employees popularly known as the millennial. They have grown up
with an abundance of role models from parents and other mentors and still expect the same at work. This theory
associated individual failure to insufficient skill and knowledge which are deemed as acquirable. It is therefore
imperative to provide customized training and development opportunities to the employees. This theory is
relevant to the current study in that career behavior is driven by self- efficacy or belief in the ability to
accomplish something worthwhile. The degree of achievement depends on two factors; outcome expectations
or the idea that initiating a particular behavior will yield to desired results .Goals are key because if a person
feels confident of his/her abilities ,he‟s more likely to take specific actions to reach them. If employees feel
supported and their goals and career advancement looked into, their intention to stay will be higher.
Employee retention
Employee retention refers to the ability of an organization to retain its employees. It relates to the
efforts by which employers attempt to retain employees in their workforce. In this sense, retention becomes the
strategies rather than the outcome. Employee turnover is a symptom of a deeper issue that has not been resolved.
The success of the most competitive companies throughout the world, including education institutions, lies in
their highly skilled employees on which these institutions spend millions to retain, (Branham, 2005).
Retaining employees is a dilemma that many companies are facing; hence identifying the root cause of
employee turnover is a good approach. Companies must be proactive and not wait for employees to start leaving
then react by analyzing likely reasons. Recruitment and retention of employees presents a seemingly
insurmountable problem for employers still working in the old paradigm in these areas (Diamond, 2000).
Earle (2003) carried out a study, which showed that the problem currently faced by many companies is
that they do not have proper plans to retain their employees because if the retention strategies are not properly
embedded in the business process, all the effort will ultimately prove futile.
Njue (2004) in his study to find out the various levels of job satisfaction among secondary school
teachers in Nairobi province discovered that the teachers were satisfied in the job factor of interpersonal relation
and the lowest level of job satisfaction was recorded in the job factor of work environment and working
conditions with the levels increasing with their age and length of teaching experience
Training and Development with regard to employees retention
Training and development is the formal activities designed by an organization to help its employees
acquire the necessary skills and knowledge to perform current or future jobs (Mondy & Noe, 2005). Thus,
training and development plays an important factor in career satisfaction of an employee in their career lives
(Mathis & Jackson, 2004). Training provides employees with specific skills or helps to correct deficiencies in
their performances while development is an effort to provide employees with abilities the organization will need
in the future according to Gommez-Mejia et al. (1995). Powell (2010) wrote on the relationship between skills
training and retention of graduate interns in a South Africa Information, Communication and Technology
Company. They argued that substantial costs are associated with attrition of key talent in South African
organizations. As a result, organizations invest in graduate internship programmes to attract and retain high
caliber graduate interns.
Training is a key retention factor for employees at any age. Statistical evidence indicates job training is
a critical factor for personal (behavioral) and professional (technical) development (United States Department of
Labor, 2009). The availability for all employees having access to training and development programs is critical
in facilitating organizational growth , particularly with performance and technological improvements (Boomer
Authority , 2009).
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Thornton (2000) explains that it is necessary to recognizing that on-the-job training and other forms of
education are both beneficial to helping employees achieve their personal and professional career goals. Gowry
(2011) argues that a tuition reimbursement program allows employees to pursue their educational goals as the
employer provides financial support for those employees who wish to attain accreditation in their professional
field. Creating a learning environment that encourages and expects employees to develop new capabilities that
build long-term careers and add greater value to the organization will build a positive culture in the
organization. The organization can provide best-in-class development opportunities and tools supported by
integrated HR systems and processes. Individual development plans identify on-the-job learning opportunities
that accelerate the acquisition of skills for the employees, Thornton (2000).
Contribution of Performance Appraisal in employee retention
Performance appraisal is a formal system used by the organization to periodically evaluate an
employee‟s performance (Mondy & Noe, 2005). Performance appraisal evaluates employees periodically
against set standards or organizational expectations. Through the performance appraisal exercise, employees
may be aware of their level of performance and realize their areas of weaknesses from their supervisors.
Through the performance appraisal exercise, employees may be aware of their level of performance and realize
their areas of weaknesses from their supervisors. Results of performance appraisal may facilitate organizational
decisions in compensation allocation, promotions, termination, transfers, recognition awards and training
opportunities that can influence an employee‟s career satisfaction (Lau & Sholihin, 2005). However,
performance appraisal can also be a source of frustration for employees due to the unfairness and subjectivity by
the administrators as stated by Lau & Sholihin(2005)
Generally, the aims of a performance appraisal are to give employees feedback on performance,
Identify employee training needs and document criteria used to allocate organizational rewards among others.
According to Stemp (2002) a common approach to assessing performance is to use a numerical or scalar rating
system whereby managers are asked to score an individual against a number of objectives/attributes. In some
companies, employees receive assessments from their manager, peers, subordinates, and customers, while also
performing a self-assessment.
Appraisals help develop individuals, improve organizational performance, and feed into business
planning. Formal performance appraisals are generally conducted annually for all staff in the organization. Each
staff member is appraised by their line manager. Directors are appraised by the CEO, who is appraised by the
chairman or company owners, depending on the size and structure of the organization. Performance appraisals
also typically feed into organizational annual pay and grading reviews, which commonly also coincide with the
business planning for the next trading year, (Stemp, 2002).
Welfare Benefits and performance appraisal
Employee welfare is defined as efforts to make life worth living for workmen with their origin either in
some statute formed by the state or in some local custom or in collective agreement or in the employer‟s own
initiative according to S. Shiny Nair (as cited in human resource articles on www.articlebase.com). Employee
welfare is a term including various services, benefits and facilities offered to employees by the employers. The
welfare measures need not be monetary but in any kind/forms. This includes items such as allowances, housing,
transportation, medical insurance and food.
According to Derek & Laura (1998), there are two primary welfare areas which are of benefit to
individuals like physical (health, safety, paid holidays, reduced working hours) and emotional like (improved
mental health through provision of counseling services, improved communication and general human relations
at the workplace). Fox (1966) is of the view that welfare encompasses not only the earlier concern with workers
physical working conditions (sanitation, canteens, hours of work, rest pauses) but also the human relations
aspect to achieve job satisfaction. The logic behind providing welfare schemes is to create efficient, healthy,
loyal and satisfied labour force for the organization. Welfare measures have importance of providing better
physical and mental health leading to a healthy work environment
Chhabra, (2006) notes that the benefits an employee receives from his employer for his welfare are
often a significant reason why he decides to accept a job offer. As such, providing employee benefits allow an
organisation to compete with other businesses to recruit and retain qualify employees, Mamoria. (2007). Giri
(2007) asserts that if other employers offer better benefits, good employees may choose to go there. Thus by
providing a plan that's good for employees' welfare, it is a sign that they are valued. Mamoria. (2007) further
explains that if the organisations health plan has wellness coverage and preventative care, employees are more
likely to stay health thus cutting down on absenteeism and sick days. Mamoria. (2007) also argues that the basic
purpose of employee welfare is to improve the lot of the working class and thereby make a worker a good
employee and a happy citizen. Therefore employee welfare is an essential part of social welfare. It involves
adjustment of an employee's work life and family life to the community or social life.
5. Factors Influencing Employee Retention in Public Universities in Kenya: A Case of Meru...
DOI: 10.9790/487X-171127582 www.iosrjournals.org 79 | Page
Career Growth and employee retention
According to Huang and Chuang (2006), career development involves managing one‟s career either
within or between organizations. It also includes learning new skills, and making improvements to help you in
your career. Career development is an ongoing, lifelong process to help you learn and achieve more in your
career. It includes things employees do to enhance or develop their career.
The purpose of career planning as part of an employee development program is not only to help
employees feel like their employers are investing in them, but also help people manage the many aspects of their
lives and deal with the fact that there is not a clear promotion track. Employers can no longer promise job
security, but they can help people maintain the skills they need to remain viable in the job market (Moses,
2000). Eisen, Jasinowski and Kleineli, (2005) state that job flexibility along with embracing career and life
options, is a critical incentive for all employees. Research shows growing trends of employers providing greater
job flexibility that includes flexible career options like (training , mentoring , workstation accommodations , job
mobility, and reduced work hours) and life options (counseling services , health and wellness programs)
(Boomer Authority , 2009; Eisen , et al., 2005).
III. Research Methodology
The study employed survey design to determine to what extent the factors discussed influenced
employees retention across various departments in the university. This research was carried out at Meru
University of science and Technology located 16kms from Meru town. The research targeted three hundred and
twelve (312) employees of Meru University of Science and Technology who were distributed in terms of their
grades. The study used stratified random sampling technique which has an advantage of every element in the
population being known and had an equal chance of being selected as a subject in the study. A sample of one
hundred and four (104) members of staff was drawn from the targeted three hundred and twelve (312)
employees of MUST by utilizing Yamane‟s calculation of the sample size at 5% significant level. Structured
questionnaires were used to collect data from the respondents. To ascertain reliability, test retest method was
used whereby a sample of ten questionnaires was issued out at random to respondents in a similar institution and
the results were analyzed. A retest was done to the same group and the results were compared using the
Pearson‟s product moment of correlation. The pilot study attained a reliability coefficient of 0.76 hence the
instruments were judged as reliable
After collecting data responses from the questionnaire, the researcher analyzed the quantitative data
using descriptive statistics by applying the statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS V.21.0) and presented
through percentages, means and frequencies. In addition, the researcher conducted a multiple regression analysis
so as to determine the effects of each of the four variables on employee retention. The regression equation was:
Y = β0 + β1X1 + β2X2 + β3X3 + β4X4 + ε
IV. Findings
Regression Analysis
Table 1: Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate
1 0.809 0.655 0.609 0.195
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Table 1 is a model fit which establish how fit the model equation fits the data. The adjusted R2 was
used to establish the predictive power of the study model and it was found to be 0.609 implying that 60.9% of
the variations in employee retention at MUST are explained by training and development, performance
appraisal, welfare benefits and career growth leaving 39.1% percent unexplained. Therefore, further studies
should be done to establish the other factors (39.1%) affecting employee retention at MUST.
Table 2: ANOVA results
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 3.041 4 0.608 14.409 6.356E-08
Residual 1.604 78 0.042
Total 4.645 82
The probability value of 6.356E-08 indicates that the regression relationship was highly significant in
predicting how training and development, performance appraisal, welfare benefits and career growth affected
employee retention at MUST. The F calculated at 5 percent level of significance was 14.409 since F calculated
is greater than the F critical (value = 2.4495), this shows that the overall model was significant.
Table 3: Coefficients of Determination
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) 1.351 0.432 3.127 3.38E-03
Training and development 0.722 0.196 0.146 3.684 7.13E-04
Performance appraisal 0.663 0.113 0.126 5.867 8.66E-07
Welfare benefits 0.873 0.148 0.045 5.899 7.84E-07
Career growth 0.751 0.162 0.142 3.154 3.14E-03
The established model for the study was:
Y = 1.351+ 0.722 X1 + 0.663 X2 + 0.873 X3 + 0.751 X4 + 0.432
The regression equation above has established that taking all factors into account (training and
development, performance appraisal, welfare benefits and career growth) constant at zero employee retention
was 1.351. The findings presented also show that taking all other independent variables at zero, a unit increase
in the training and development would lead to a 0.722 increase in the scores of employee retention at MUST and
a unit increase in the scores of Performance appraisal would lead to a 0.663 increase in the scores of employee
retention at MUST. Further, the findings shows that a unit increases in the scores of Welfare benefits would lead
to a 0.873 increase in the scores of co employee retention at MUST. The study also found that a unit increase in
the scores of Career growth would lead to a 0.751 increase in the scores of employee retention at MUST.
Overall, welfare benefits had the greatest effect on the employee retention, followed by career growth,
then training and development while performance appraisal had the least effect to the employee retention at
MUST. All the variables were significant (p<0.05).
V. Conclusion
The study concludes that training, performance appraisal, job mobility and welfare benefits all
influenced in some way the employees‟ retention at MUST. Training on organisation commitment made
employee remain in the organisation however lack of professional training in their areas of operations made
them to exit.
With regard to performance appraisal, the employees‟ targets were provided and each individual knew
what is expected of them and that there was enough time allowed before the review of the performance which
formed positive retention aspect. However the fact that the performance rating was entirely left in the hands of
the line managers and employees were not adequately engaged made them de-motivated and not willing to
remain in the institution.
The welfare benefits are available at MUST but are adequately put in place. For instance the employees
have room to save money for retirement since they feel that it is very necessary to save for retirement. However
on the other hand they feel that the pension scheme embraced by the institution is not attractive. The institution
probably does not encourage the employees to save and thus they feel the scheme is not attractive enough.
Leave administration policy is attractive and acts as a retention factor at MUST. On the other hand the medical
scheme is not attractive and to some extent contributed to employees exit.
Career growth at MUST is a major retention factor where by the employees are coached and mentored
in their line of career growth but the criterion used for promotion has some challenges whereby the employees
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feel that it is not done with fairness. Coaching and training someone for growth is initially very encouraging to
the employees but the moment they feel they are ready to take the next step in their career growth and are not
given the opportunity to do so, can lead to very negative effect and this can push the employees out of the
organisation to other places where they feel their newly acquired skills and knowledge is being made use of.
VI. Recommendations
The study recommends the management of the institution to incorporate professional training support
in their staff training agenda so as to stop employees from exiting in search for professional training
opportunities. The institution can have arrangements whereby the employees are rewarded for undertaking a
professional training or are sponsored or better still promoted after the professional training. This will encourage
them to remain and undertake the professional studies. The employees also need to be allowed time and given
the moral encouragement to undertake the professional trainings.
With regard to performance appraisal, the study recommends the management to incorporate the
employees in the rating process and allow them to explain their performance while providing them with
feedback on areas of improvement and the necessary support. The welfare benefits need to be expanded to
adequately take care of the medical needs of the employees. The pension scheme should also be made to be
more attractive whereby for instance the employer doubles or tops up the employees savings at a certain rate
since this will encourage the employees to save more as they feel that saving for retirement is necessary.
Training and mentoring of employees should be continued since it is one of the reasons they have
remained in the institution. In addition, the employees need to be placed and promoted in line with the skills and
experience gained during coaching and mentorship sessions. This will ensure that they do not feel too qualified
for the current job they are doing or feeling misplaced in the organisation and thus the level of retention will be
increased. Also the process of promotion should be done with fairness and transparency to avoid employees
feeling dissatisfied.
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