This document provides an overview of facial musculature presented by Dr. Mansi Mehta. It begins with an introduction to muscle types, including skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle. It then discusses the development, functions and neuromuscular junction of muscles. The bulk of the document focuses on the specific muscles of the face and mastication, including their origins, insertions, innervation and actions. It provides diagrams and descriptions of individual muscles like the masseter, temporalis, orbicularis oris, and muscles of the infrahyoid group. The document concludes with some key points about facial expressions and attachments of the lateral pterygoid muscle.
The document provides an overview of facial muscles, including their embryology, anatomy, physiology and functions. It discusses the classification, development and structure of muscles. It then describes specific muscles in detail, including their origin, insertion, nerve supply, blood supply, and actions. Key muscles of the scalp, face, eyelids, eyeballs, nose, mouth, neck and throat are examined.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the face, including:
1) The facial muscles and their functions, including muscles of the scalp, forehead, eyelids, nose, mouth, chin, and neck.
2) The innervation of the facial muscles by the facial nerve (CN VII) and its branches.
3) The cutaneous innervation of the face by the trigeminal nerve (CN V) and cervical plexus.
This document discusses the muscles of facial expression. It begins by introducing the importance of understanding these muscles for prosthodontists to restore natural facial functions. It then classifies the muscles into those of the scalp, eyelid, nose, mouth and ear. For each group, the document identifies the individual muscles and provides details on their origin, insertion and action. The overall purpose is to describe the anatomy of facial muscles for prosthodontic applications.
The document summarizes the muscles of the head and neck. It describes muscles that control movement of the head and neck, chewing, swallowing, speech, facial expressions, and eye movement. Key muscles mentioned include the occipitofrontalis, orbicularis oculi, masseter, temporalis, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, and splenius muscles. These muscles perform important tasks like chewing, facial expressions like smiling, and rotating and flexing the neck.
Muscles of mastication are the group of muscles that help in movement of the mandible as during chewing and speech. We need to study these muscles as they control the opening & closing the mouth & their role in the equilibrium created within the mouth. They also play a role in the configuration of face.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the mandible. It discusses the parts and features of the mandible, including the body, ramus, condylar process and coronoid process. It describes the ossification, attachments, blood supply, nerve supply and age-related changes of the mandible. Key points covered include the mandible ossifying from Meckel's cartilage, its attachments to muscles like the masseter and temporalis, the inferior alveolar artery and nerve supplying it, and how its shape changes with age with tooth eruption and absorption.
The document discusses the muscles of the head, including muscles of facial expression, muscles of mastication, and the tongue muscles. It describes the orbital, nasal, and oral groups of facial expression muscles. The muscles of mastication include the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid muscles. The tongue has intrinsic muscles that shape the tongue, as well as three extrinsic muscles - the genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus - that connect the tongue to surrounding structures. All tongue muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve.
The document provides an overview of facial muscles, including their embryology, anatomy, physiology and functions. It discusses the classification, development and structure of muscles. It then describes specific muscles in detail, including their origin, insertion, nerve supply, blood supply, and actions. Key muscles of the scalp, face, eyelids, eyeballs, nose, mouth, neck and throat are examined.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the face, including:
1) The facial muscles and their functions, including muscles of the scalp, forehead, eyelids, nose, mouth, chin, and neck.
2) The innervation of the facial muscles by the facial nerve (CN VII) and its branches.
3) The cutaneous innervation of the face by the trigeminal nerve (CN V) and cervical plexus.
This document discusses the muscles of facial expression. It begins by introducing the importance of understanding these muscles for prosthodontists to restore natural facial functions. It then classifies the muscles into those of the scalp, eyelid, nose, mouth and ear. For each group, the document identifies the individual muscles and provides details on their origin, insertion and action. The overall purpose is to describe the anatomy of facial muscles for prosthodontic applications.
The document summarizes the muscles of the head and neck. It describes muscles that control movement of the head and neck, chewing, swallowing, speech, facial expressions, and eye movement. Key muscles mentioned include the occipitofrontalis, orbicularis oculi, masseter, temporalis, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, and splenius muscles. These muscles perform important tasks like chewing, facial expressions like smiling, and rotating and flexing the neck.
Muscles of mastication are the group of muscles that help in movement of the mandible as during chewing and speech. We need to study these muscles as they control the opening & closing the mouth & their role in the equilibrium created within the mouth. They also play a role in the configuration of face.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the mandible. It discusses the parts and features of the mandible, including the body, ramus, condylar process and coronoid process. It describes the ossification, attachments, blood supply, nerve supply and age-related changes of the mandible. Key points covered include the mandible ossifying from Meckel's cartilage, its attachments to muscles like the masseter and temporalis, the inferior alveolar artery and nerve supplying it, and how its shape changes with age with tooth eruption and absorption.
The document discusses the muscles of the head, including muscles of facial expression, muscles of mastication, and the tongue muscles. It describes the orbital, nasal, and oral groups of facial expression muscles. The muscles of mastication include the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid muscles. The tongue has intrinsic muscles that shape the tongue, as well as three extrinsic muscles - the genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus - that connect the tongue to surrounding structures. All tongue muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve.
This document provides an overview of the oro-facial musculature. It begins with an introduction and classification of muscles, followed by the embryology of muscle development. It then describes the anatomy, innervation and actions of specific muscle groups including the scalp, ear, eyelid, extraocular, nose, mouth, neck and tongue muscles. It discusses the origins of cranio-facial muscles and compares muscle fiber types. Finally, it provides brief descriptions of some clinical considerations related to injuries of the scalp and face.
The document provides an overview of the axial skeleton, specifically focusing on the bones that make up the skull. It describes each of the 8 cranial bones - frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid - and their features and locations. It also discusses the 14 facial bones, including the maxillae, zygomatic, nasal, palatine bones. The summary highlights the key bones that make up the skull and provides a brief description of their roles and locations.
The document summarizes key features of the axial skeleton, including the skull and vertebral column. It describes that the skull consists of 22 bones that form the cranium and facial skeleton. It also outlines the bones that make up the cranium and facial skeleton. Additionally, it discusses the features of typical cervical vertebrae and atypical vertebrae like the atlas and axis. In the summary section, it briefly touches on muscles of the face like the orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris.
The document summarizes the bones that make up the lower limbs, including the pelvis, thigh, leg, and foot. It describes the 32 bones of each lower limb, noting they are thicker and stronger than upper limb bones due to bearing weight. Key bones are identified for each region, along with landmarks and markings on each bone. Differences in male and female pelvic structures are also summarized.
Muscles of mastication
Introduction
Definitions
Development
Classification
Description of individual muscles
Muscles of facial expression
Introduction
Development
Classification
Description of individual muscles
Applied aspects
The document summarizes the axial and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. It describes the features of these bones in detail. The appendicular skeleton consists of the shoulder girdle (clavicle, scapula) and upper limbs as well as the pelvic girdle (innominate bones, sacrum) and lower limbs. It provides an overview of the bones of the upper and lower limbs.
This document provides an overview of the muscles of the face. It begins with an introduction and outlines the various groupings of facial muscles, including topographic and functional groupings. It then describes each individual muscle in detail, covering origins, insertions, blood supply, nerve supply, and actions. Examples are given of how facial muscles contribute to different expressions. Clinical applications including facial paralysis and use of botulinum toxin injections are discussed. The document concludes with a brief section on skin tension lines and wrinkles.
The document provides information about the bones of the human skull. It discusses the development of the skull from mesenchyme, and lists the bones that are formed through membrane and cartilage. It describes the individual bones that make up different parts of the skull, including the facial bones and bones of the cranial base. It discusses landmarks, foramina, and contents of the different fossae within the skull. Muscles and ligaments attached to the skull are also listed along with their origins and insertions.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the scalp, face, and muscles of facial expression. It describes the layers of the scalp, the occipitofrontalis muscle of the scalp, and the sensory and motor innervation of the scalp. It outlines the bones and muscles of the face, including the orbicularis oculi, nasalis, and orbicularis oris muscles. Finally, it briefly discusses the sensory and motor innervation of the face, including the trigeminal and facial nerves.
This document discusses the anatomy of the scalp. It describes the layers of the scalp, including the skin, subcutaneous tissue, epicranial aponeurosis, subaponeurotic tissue, and pericranium. It details the blood supply from various arteries, venous drainage, lymphatic drainage and nerve supply to the scalp. The document also discusses clinical applications like scalp lacerations, flaps, and avulsion injuries. Scalp avulsion injuries require careful handling of the avulsed scalp for replantation.
This document discusses muscles of the head and neck region. It begins with an introduction and overview of embryology, anatomy, physiology and methods to study muscles. It then describes the three "M"s that muscles can impact: muscle, malformation and malocclusion. Several key muscle groups are defined including their origins, insertions, nerve supply and actions. The role of muscles in facial expression and malocclusions is explored. The document concludes that balancing structural changes from orthodontic therapy with functional muscle forces is important.
Bones of Skull (Human Anatomy)
by DR RAI M. AMMAR
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osteology of head and neck and its applied aspectsSwetha Srivani
knowing the correct anatomy and applied aspect of osteology helps in accurate diagnosis.this ppt provides insight into different bones of head and neck and their applied aspects through images.
The document summarizes the main types of joints in the body - fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints. It then describes the key characteristics and examples of different classes of synovial joints, including ball-and-socket, hinge, gliding, pivot, condyloid, and saddle joints. Finally, it provides details on specific synovial joints - the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle joints, outlining their structural features, movements, and associated muscles.
The document discusses the muscles of facial expression, including their classification, attachments, nerve supply, and actions. It covers key muscles like the orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris, which close the eyelids and lips, respectively. It also mentions clinically important topics like testing of the facial nerve (CN VII) and the potential to create dimples artificially by modifying the zygomaticus major muscle.
The document summarizes the musculature of the head and neck in several paragraphs. It describes two main groups of muscles: craniofacial muscles like the orbicularis oculi that control facial expression, and masticatory muscles like the masseter and temporalis that control jaw movement. It then provides details on individual muscle origins, insertions, innervation and actions.
This document provides information on the anatomy, physiology, and histology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It begins with an overview of the types of joints in the body. It then discusses the development, bones, ligaments, muscles, innervation and vascularization of the TMJ. The document outlines the movements of the joint and describes the microscopic structure of the articular disc, synovial membrane, cartilage and other tissues within the TMJ. It concludes with noting the importance of understanding the TMJ for dentists.
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The facial muscles are responsible for facial expressions and are more complex in humans than other animals. They originate from mesoderm and are supplied by the facial nerve. The facial muscles can be categorized based on their location around the eyes, nose, lips, and mouth. The main functions of these muscles include facial expression and maintaining openings of the eyes, nose, and mouth.
Muscles of the axial skeleton. Pictures of the muscles, origins, insertions, actions. Does not include all the muscles we discussed in class, but includes some fun photos & side notes.
This document provides an overview of the oro-facial musculature. It begins with an introduction and classification of muscles, followed by the embryology of muscle development. It then describes the anatomy, innervation and actions of specific muscle groups including the scalp, ear, eyelid, extraocular, nose, mouth, neck and tongue muscles. It discusses the origins of cranio-facial muscles and compares muscle fiber types. Finally, it provides brief descriptions of some clinical considerations related to injuries of the scalp and face.
The document provides an overview of the axial skeleton, specifically focusing on the bones that make up the skull. It describes each of the 8 cranial bones - frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid - and their features and locations. It also discusses the 14 facial bones, including the maxillae, zygomatic, nasal, palatine bones. The summary highlights the key bones that make up the skull and provides a brief description of their roles and locations.
The document summarizes key features of the axial skeleton, including the skull and vertebral column. It describes that the skull consists of 22 bones that form the cranium and facial skeleton. It also outlines the bones that make up the cranium and facial skeleton. Additionally, it discusses the features of typical cervical vertebrae and atypical vertebrae like the atlas and axis. In the summary section, it briefly touches on muscles of the face like the orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris.
The document summarizes the bones that make up the lower limbs, including the pelvis, thigh, leg, and foot. It describes the 32 bones of each lower limb, noting they are thicker and stronger than upper limb bones due to bearing weight. Key bones are identified for each region, along with landmarks and markings on each bone. Differences in male and female pelvic structures are also summarized.
Muscles of mastication
Introduction
Definitions
Development
Classification
Description of individual muscles
Muscles of facial expression
Introduction
Development
Classification
Description of individual muscles
Applied aspects
The document summarizes the axial and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. It describes the features of these bones in detail. The appendicular skeleton consists of the shoulder girdle (clavicle, scapula) and upper limbs as well as the pelvic girdle (innominate bones, sacrum) and lower limbs. It provides an overview of the bones of the upper and lower limbs.
This document provides an overview of the muscles of the face. It begins with an introduction and outlines the various groupings of facial muscles, including topographic and functional groupings. It then describes each individual muscle in detail, covering origins, insertions, blood supply, nerve supply, and actions. Examples are given of how facial muscles contribute to different expressions. Clinical applications including facial paralysis and use of botulinum toxin injections are discussed. The document concludes with a brief section on skin tension lines and wrinkles.
The document provides information about the bones of the human skull. It discusses the development of the skull from mesenchyme, and lists the bones that are formed through membrane and cartilage. It describes the individual bones that make up different parts of the skull, including the facial bones and bones of the cranial base. It discusses landmarks, foramina, and contents of the different fossae within the skull. Muscles and ligaments attached to the skull are also listed along with their origins and insertions.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the scalp, face, and muscles of facial expression. It describes the layers of the scalp, the occipitofrontalis muscle of the scalp, and the sensory and motor innervation of the scalp. It outlines the bones and muscles of the face, including the orbicularis oculi, nasalis, and orbicularis oris muscles. Finally, it briefly discusses the sensory and motor innervation of the face, including the trigeminal and facial nerves.
This document discusses the anatomy of the scalp. It describes the layers of the scalp, including the skin, subcutaneous tissue, epicranial aponeurosis, subaponeurotic tissue, and pericranium. It details the blood supply from various arteries, venous drainage, lymphatic drainage and nerve supply to the scalp. The document also discusses clinical applications like scalp lacerations, flaps, and avulsion injuries. Scalp avulsion injuries require careful handling of the avulsed scalp for replantation.
This document discusses muscles of the head and neck region. It begins with an introduction and overview of embryology, anatomy, physiology and methods to study muscles. It then describes the three "M"s that muscles can impact: muscle, malformation and malocclusion. Several key muscle groups are defined including their origins, insertions, nerve supply and actions. The role of muscles in facial expression and malocclusions is explored. The document concludes that balancing structural changes from orthodontic therapy with functional muscle forces is important.
Bones of Skull (Human Anatomy)
by DR RAI M. AMMAR
www.facebook.com/drraiammar
www.twitter.com/drraiammar
www.instagram.com/drraiammar
www.linkedin.com/in/drraiammar
www.themedicall.com/blog/auther/drraiammar/
For Any Book or Notes Visit Our Website:
www.allmedicaldata.wordpress.com
www.drraiammar.blogspot.com
YOUTUBE CHANNEL :
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCu-oR9V3OdFNTJW5yqXWXxA
ANY QUESTION ??
Get in touch with us at Any of the Above Social Media or Email at
drraiammar@gmail.com
allmedicaldata@gmail.com
osteology of head and neck and its applied aspectsSwetha Srivani
knowing the correct anatomy and applied aspect of osteology helps in accurate diagnosis.this ppt provides insight into different bones of head and neck and their applied aspects through images.
The document summarizes the main types of joints in the body - fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints. It then describes the key characteristics and examples of different classes of synovial joints, including ball-and-socket, hinge, gliding, pivot, condyloid, and saddle joints. Finally, it provides details on specific synovial joints - the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle joints, outlining their structural features, movements, and associated muscles.
The document discusses the muscles of facial expression, including their classification, attachments, nerve supply, and actions. It covers key muscles like the orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris, which close the eyelids and lips, respectively. It also mentions clinically important topics like testing of the facial nerve (CN VII) and the potential to create dimples artificially by modifying the zygomaticus major muscle.
The document summarizes the musculature of the head and neck in several paragraphs. It describes two main groups of muscles: craniofacial muscles like the orbicularis oculi that control facial expression, and masticatory muscles like the masseter and temporalis that control jaw movement. It then provides details on individual muscle origins, insertions, innervation and actions.
This document provides information on the anatomy, physiology, and histology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It begins with an overview of the types of joints in the body. It then discusses the development, bones, ligaments, muscles, innervation and vascularization of the TMJ. The document outlines the movements of the joint and describes the microscopic structure of the articular disc, synovial membrane, cartilage and other tissues within the TMJ. It concludes with noting the importance of understanding the TMJ for dentists.
Join live classes, download study aids, sell your documents, join or host your own classes online, get tutoring, tutor students, take practices tests and more at Examville.com
The facial muscles are responsible for facial expressions and are more complex in humans than other animals. They originate from mesoderm and are supplied by the facial nerve. The facial muscles can be categorized based on their location around the eyes, nose, lips, and mouth. The main functions of these muscles include facial expression and maintaining openings of the eyes, nose, and mouth.
Muscles of the axial skeleton. Pictures of the muscles, origins, insertions, actions. Does not include all the muscles we discussed in class, but includes some fun photos & side notes.
Muscles of mastication by DR. C.P. ARYA ( B.Sc. ;B.D.S. ;M.D.S. ;P.M.S. ;R.N....DR. C. P. ARYA
The four primary muscles of mastication are the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid muscles. These muscles originate on bones of the skull and insert on the mandible, moving the jaw during chewing. They have overlapping actions to elevate, protrude, and guide lateral movements of the mandible. The muscles derive from the first pharyngeal arch and are innervated by the mandibular nerve.
The document describes the four basic types of human tissues: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissue. It provides details on the classification, characteristics, functions and locations of each type of tissue. Epithelial tissues cover and line body surfaces and internal organs. Connective tissues connect and support other tissues. Muscular tissues allow for body movement and functions like pumping blood. Nervous tissue forms the brain, spinal cord and nerves to control and coordinate body functions.
The document describes the facial muscles, including their origins, insertions and actions. It lists and provides details on the muscles of the scalp, eyelids, nose, mouth and other areas. The orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilii, levator palpebrae superioris and other orbital muscles are described. The document also outlines the nasal muscles like the nasalis and dilatator naris muscles. The oral group includes the orbicularis oris, buccinator and muscles that depress or elevate parts of the lips and mouth.
This document discusses the four main types of animal tissue: epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue. It focuses on the different types of epithelial and connective tissues. Epithelial tissues include squamous, cuboidal, columnar, ciliated and glandular tissues, which cover and line body surfaces. Connective tissues include fibrous, supportive and fluid tissues that bind and support the body. The major connective tissues described are areolar tissue, cartilage, bone, adipose tissue and various fibrous tissues.
The presentation describes the anatomy of shoulder joint-articular surfaces, ligaments,relations,movements,muscles producing movements,bursae in relation to it and applied anatomy of the joint
The document summarizes the facial muscles, describing their origins, insertions, and actions. It lists the major groups of facial muscles as: muscles of the scalp, eyelid, nose, mouth, and other areas. Within each group it describes individual muscles such as the occipitofrontalis muscle of the scalp, the orbicularis oculi muscle of the eyelid, and the buccinator muscle of the mouth. It provides details on each muscle's structure and role in facial expressions.
Until recently fascia was largely ignored by anatomists. In dissections it was treated as the wrapping that needed to be cut through and discarded before getting to the interesting stuff. It has therefore been called the “Cinderella tissue”, because it’s often been neglected. However, in recent years some “fascia-nating” discoveries have been made:
Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue found in joints between bones, the rib cage, ear, nose, and other areas. It is composed of specialized cells called chondroblasts that produce collagen fibers and ground substance rich in proteoglycans. Cartilage comes in three types - elastic, hyaline, and fibrocartilage - which differ in their amounts of collagen, ground substance and elastin. Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary muscle tissue found throughout the body that is attached to bones via tendons and composed of long, cylindrical myofibers formed from fused myoblasts. Smooth muscle is involuntary muscle responsible for contracting hollow organs like blood vessels, and differs from skeletal muscle in its structure and slower contraction
The document summarizes key information about the structure and function of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It describes the four ventricles that produce CSF and how it circulates through the brain and spinal cord. It discusses the formation of CSF by the choroid plexus and its absorption. The structure and functions of structures like the basal ganglia, thalamus, and blood-brain barrier are also summarized briefly.
The document discusses the muscles of mastication. It describes the six main muscles - masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, digastric, and mylohyoid. Each muscle is described in detail including origin, insertion, nerve supply, and action. The document also discusses masticatory movements and common muscle disorders.
muscles of face $ muscles of mastications are discriped from embryology to their funtions and effect of muscles in causing malocclusion $ understanding how to correct them by orthodontic appliances by using muscle physiology.
Muscle is one of the four basic tissues of the body. There are three main types of muscle: skeletal muscle which is voluntary and controls movement, cardiac muscle which is involuntary and found only in the heart, and smooth muscle which is involuntary and found in organs and blood vessels. Muscles are attached to bones via tendons and contract when stimulated by nerves to cause movement. The microscopic structure of muscles allows them to shorten through interactions between thin actin and thick myosin filaments.
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of intervertebral discs. It describes the basic structures of discs including the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and vertebral endplates. Discs act as shock absorbers and allow bending and twisting of the spine. The document focuses on lumbar discs and their relationship with spinal nerves. It explains how degeneration of discs can cause back pain and referred pain in the lower limbs through irritation of spinal nerves and sinuvertebral nerves.
The document discusses the integumentary system and skeletal system. It describes the two main layers of the skin - the epidermis and dermis - and their functions in protecting the body. It then explains the roles and components of the skeletal system, including the different bone types and functions of the skeletal muscles in facilitating movement. The three main types of muscles - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles - are also outlined according to their locations, structures, and voluntary or involuntary functions in the body.
The document discusses different tissues in the body including bones, muscles, and nerves. It provides descriptions of key terms like diaphysis, periostium, spongy bone, intramembranous bones, lacuna, ATP, rigor mortis, all-or-none response, myofibril, latent period, dendrites, myelin, resting membrane potential, reflex arc, threshold, and sarcomere. It also includes questions about tissues, bones, muscles, nerves, and hormones.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
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This document provides an overview of muscles in the head and neck region. It begins with the embryological development of muscles originating from pharyngeal arches and somites. It then classifies muscles based on striations, control and distribution into skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles. The document discusses the structure, types and functions of these three muscle types in detail. It also covers specific muscles of the head and neck region including those of the tongue, soft palate and larynx.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
3. INTRODUCTION
There are more than 600
muscles in the body, doing everything
from pumping blood to moving food
through the intestines, to helping lift
heavy objects (like backpacks).
Hugh Huxley (1924-) and Andrew Huxley (1917-)
(the scientists were unrelated) researched theories
regarding muscle contraction. Hugh Huxley was
initially a nuclear physicist who entered the field of
biology at the end of World War II.
Swiss biologist Victor Albrecht von Haller
(1708–1777) was the first scientist to
discover the relationship between nerves
and muscles
4. Source
MUSCLE (L. Musculus) – A type of tissue composed of contractile cells or fibres that effects movement of an
organ or part of the body
The outstanding characteristic of a muscular tissue is its ability to shorten or contract. It
also possesses the properties of irritability, conductivity and elasticity. Muscle tissue
possesses little intercellular materials, hence its cells or fibers lie close together.
Ref: Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary
6. SMOOTH SKELETAL CARDIAC
Involuntary, non-striated, Visceral Voluntary, Striated Involuntary, Striated, Myocardial
Located in internal organs especially
digestive tract, respiratory passages,
urinary and genital ducts, urinary
bladder, gall bladder & walls of blood
vessels
Located in upper & lower limbs,
tongue, pharynx & upper portion of
esophagus
Located in the heart & walls of large
veins where they enter heart
Fibre length: 50-200m Fibre length: 25,000m -
Thickness: 4-8m Thickness: 75m -
Spindle or fusiform shaped fibres Cylindrical shaped fibres -
Single & central nucleus Multinucleated Single nucleus
Cells are arranged in layers or sheets,
may occur as isolated units in
connective tissue
Parallel bundles Branching network of individual cells
that are linked electrically and
mechanically to function as a unit
Capable of slow but sustained
contractions, though it is less powerful
than skeletal muscle the amount of
shortening can be much greater
Powerful contractions by virtue of
regular organization of its contractile
proteins
Less powerful than a skeletal muscle
but far more resistant to fatigue &
helps in rhythmic contractions
Ref: Gray’s Anatomy & Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary
10. SKELETAL
MUSCLE
DEVELOPMENT OF MUSCLE
Derived from somites, somitomeres & from lateral plate of mesoderm. At
these sites there are cells that are precursors of muscles. These cells undergo
many divisions & finally differentiate into myoblasts. Myoblasts synthesize the
proteins actin & myosin. Several myoblasts fuse to form multinucleated tube
like elements that are called myotubes. Molecules of actin, myosin & other
contractile proteins form myofibrils that are arranged in definite orientation.
Aggregation of fibrils pushes nuclei to the periphery, thus a muscle fibre is
formed. Satellite cells present around muscle fibres can help in growth of the
fibres
Derived from mesenchyme
SMOOTH
MUSCLE
CARDIAC
MUSCLE
Derived from splanchanopleuric mesoderm in relation to developing heart
tubes & pericardium
Ref: Human Embryology- Inderbeer Singh
13. FACIAL MUSCLES
They are embedded in the superficial fascia, and most
arise from the bones of the skull and are inserted into the
skin.
The orifices of the face, namely the orbit, nose and mouth
are guarded by the eyelids, nostrils and lips respectively.
It is the function of facial muscles to serve as sphincters or
dilators of these structures.
A secondary function is to modify expressions of face.
DERIVED FROM
SUPPLIED BY
Second pharyngeal arch or
hyoid arch
Facial nerve
15. OCCIPITOFRONTALIS01
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION
Occipital belly Highest nuchal
line of occipital
bone
Epicranial
aponeurosis
Moves scalp on
skull and raises
eyebrows
Frontal belly Skin & superficial
fascia of eyebrows
Ref: Snell Book
16. CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII02
ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION
Medial end of
superciliary arch
Skin of mid eyebrow Vertical wrinkles of
forehead as in
frowning
Ref: BD Chaurasia Book
17. ORBICULARIS OCULI03
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION
Orbital part, on and
around the orbital
margin
Medial part of
medial palpebral
ligament and
adjoining bone
Concentric rings
return to the point of
origin
Close lids tightly;
wrinkling; protects
eye from bright light
Palpebral part, in the
lids
Lateral part of
medial palpebral
ligament
Lateral palpebral
raphe
Closes lids gently;
blinking
Lacrimal part, lateral
and deep to the
lacrimal sac
Lacrimal fascia and
lacrimal bone
Upper and lower
eyelids
Dilates lacrimal sac;
directs lacrimal
puncta into lacus
lacrimalis; supports
the lower lid
Ref: BD Chaurasia Book
19. COMPRESSOR NARIS05
ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION
Frontal process of
maxilla
Aponeurosis of bridge of
nose
Compresses mobile
nasal cartilages
Ref: Snell Book
21. ORBICULARIS ORIS07
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION
Intrinsic part, deep
stratum, very thin
sheet
Superior incisivus
from maxilla
Inferior incisivus
from mandible
Angle of mouth Closes & purses the
mouth, numerous
extrinsic muscles
make it most
vulnerable for
various types of
grimaces
Extrinsic part, two
strata, formed by
converging muscles
Thickest middle
stratum, derived
from buccinator,
thick superior
stratum, derived
from elevators &
depressors of lips &
their angles
Lips & angle of
mouth
Ref: BD Chaurasia Book
22. DILATOR MUSCLES OF LIPS08
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION
Levator labii
superior alaquae
nasi
Levator labi
superioris
Zygomaticus major
Zygomaticus minor
Levator anguli oris
Risorius
Depressor anguli
oris
Depressor labi
inferioris
Mentalis
Bones & fasia
around oral aperture Lips Separate lips
23. BUCCINATOR09
ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION
Upper fibres, from maxilla
opposite molar teeth
Upper fibres, straight to
the upper lip
Flattens cheek against
gums and teeth; prevents
accumulation of food in
the vestibule. This is a
WHISTLING muscle
Lower fibres, from
mandible, opposite molar
teeth
Lower fibres, straight to
the lower lip
Middle fibres, from
pterygomandibular raphe
Middle fibres decussate
before passing to the lips
Ref: BD Chaurasia Book
24. PLATYSMA10
ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION
Upper part of
pectoral and deltoid
fascia, fibres run
upwards & medially
Anterior fibres to the
base of the mandible
Posterior fibres to the
skin of lower face & lip
& may be continuous
with the risorius
Releases pressure of
skin on subjacent
veins, depresses
mandible, pulls angle of
mouth downwards as in
horror or surprise
Ref: BD Chaurasi Book
A thin sheet of striated muscle lying within or just beneath the superficial fascia, serving to
produce local movement of the skin, and well developed in many lower mammals is called
as PANNICULUS CARNOSUS but in humans represented primarily by the Platysma.
NOTE:
27. Develop from mesoderm of first branchial arch
Supplied by mandibular nerve
MUSCLES OF
MASTICATION
PRIMARY
MASSETER
MEDIAL
PTERYGOID
LATERAL
PTERYGOID
TEMPORALIS
SECONDARY
SUPRAHYOID INFRAHYOID
29. MASSETER01
Ref: Okeson & BD Chaurasia Book
ORIGIN
Sup: from ant 2/3 of lower border of zygomatic
arch & adjoining zygomatic process of maxilla
Mid: from ant 2/3 of deep surface & post 1/3 of
lower border of zygomatic arch
Deep: from deep surface of zygomatic arch
INSERTION
Sup: into lower part of lateral surface of ramus
of mandible
Mid: middle part of ramus
Deep: upper part of ramus
FUNCTION:
elevates the
mandible and
contributes to
protrusion
Masseteric
branch of the
mandibular nerve
of the trigeminal
nerve
Masseteric
artery
30. TEMPORALIS02
Ref: Okeson & BD Chaurasia Book
ORIGIN
Temporal fossa, excluding zygomatic
bone
Temporal fascia
INSERTION
Anterior border of coronoid process &
anterior border of ramus of mandible
as far forward as the last molar tooth
FUNCTION:
elevates the
mandible, contributes
to retrusion & side to
side grinding
Deep temporal
nerve from the
mandibular
branch of the
trigeminal nerve
Anterior,
posterior &
superficial
temporal arteries
31. MEDIAL PTERYGOID03
Ref: Okeson & BD Chaurasia Book
ORIGIN
Sup head: from tuberosity of maxilla &
adjoining bone
Deep head: Medial surface of lateral
pterygoid plate & grooved surface of
pyramidal process of palatine bone
INSERTION
Roughened area on the medial surface of
angle & adjoining ramus of mandible,
below and behind mand foramen &
mylohyoid groove
FUNCTION:
elevates the
mandible and
contributes to
protrusion
Mandibular
branch of
trigeminal nerve
Pterygoid
branch of
maxillary artery
32. SUPERIOR LATERAL PTERYGOID04
Ref: Okeson & BD Chaurasia Book
ORIGIN
Lower part of the lateral surface of the
greater wing of sphenoid bone & from
the infratemporal crest
INSERTION
Neck of the mandibular condyle & into
the front margin of the articular disc
FUNCTION:
stabilizes condyle &
disc during mandible
loading (ex-unilateral
chewing)
Pterygoid branch
of the trigeminal
nerve
Pterygoid
branch of
maxillary artery
33. INFERIOR LATERAL PTERYGOID04
Ref: Okeson & BD ChaurasiaBook
ORIGIN
Lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid
plate
INSERTION Neck of the mandibular condyle
FUNCTION:
protrudes mandible,
contributes to lateral
movements & mouth
opening
Pterygoid branch
of the trigeminal
nerve
Pterygoid
branch of
maxillary artery
34. TYPES OF
ATTACHMENT
INCIDENCES UPPER HEAD LOWER HEAD
TYPE I 36% Into disc capsule
complex & condyle
Into condyle
TYPE II 28% Into disc capsule
complex
Into condyle
TYPE III 26% Into condyle Into condyle
TYPE IV 8% Into disc complex
capsule
Into disc complex
capsule & condyle
Sometimes
third head
is also
found
The type of lateral pterygoid muscle
attachments may determine the tendency for
TMJ dislocation
35.
36. MUSCLE PROXIMAL
ATTACHMENT
DISTAL
ATTACHMENT
NERVE
SUPPLY
ACTIONS
STERNO-
HYOID
Posterior surface of
manubrium sterni
Adjoining parts of
clavicle & posterior
sternoclavicular
ligament
Medial part of lower
border of hyoid bone
Ansa
cervicalis
Depresses the hyoid bone following its
elevation during swallowing & during
vocal movements
STERNO-
THYROID
(lies deep to
sternohyoid)
Posterior surface of
manubrium sterni
Adjoining part of
first costal cartilage
Oblique line on the
lamina of thyroid cartlage
Ansa
cervicalis
Depresses the larynx after it has been
elevated in swallowing & in vocal
movements
THYRO-
HYOID (lies
deep to
sternohyoid)
Oblique line of
thyroid cartilage
Lower body of body &
greater cornua of hyoid
bone
C1 through
hypoglossal
nerve
Depresses hyoid bone
Elevates larynx when the hyoid is fixed
by suprahyoid muscles
OMO-
HYOID
Upper border of
scapula near the
suprascapular
notch
Adjoining part of
suprascapular
ligament
Lower border of body of
hyoid bone lateral to
sternohyoid
Superior
belly by
superior
root of ansa
cervicalis, &
inferior belly
by ansa
Depresses the hyoid bone following its
elevation during swallowing or in vocal
movements
37. MUSCLE PROXIMAL
ATTACHMENT
DISTAL
ATTACHMENT
NERVE
SUPPLY
ACTIONS
STYLO-
HYOID
Posterior surface of
styloid process
Junction of body &
greater cornua of hyoid
bone
Facial nerve Pulls the hyoid bone upwards &
backward
With other hyoid muscles, it fixes hyoid
bone
MYLO-
HYOID
Mylohyoid line of
mandible
Posterior fibres- body of
hyoid bone
Middle & anterior fibres,
median raphe, between
mandible & hyoid bone
Nerve to
mylohyoid
Elevates floor of mouth in first stage of
deglutition
Helps in depression of mandible, &
elevation of hyoid bone
GENIO-
HYOID
Inferior mental
spine(genial
tubercle)
Anterior surface of body
of hyoid bone
C1 through
hypoglossal
nerve
Elevates hyoid bone
May depress mandible when hyoid is
fixed
HYOGLOS
SUS
Whole length of
greater cornua &
lateral part of body
of hyoid bone
Side of tongue between
styloglossus & inferior
longitudinal muscle of
tongue
Hypoglossal
nerve
Depresses tongue makes dorsum
convex, & retracts the protruded tongue
38. SUPRAHYOID
MUSCLES
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE
SUPPLY
ACTIONS
ANTERIOR
DIGASTRIC
A depression on
the inner side of
the lower border
of mandible, close
to the symphysis
A tendon which passes
through a tendinuous
pulley attached to the
hyoid bone. The anterior
digastric attaches to the
tendon of the posterior
digastric muscle
Mandibular
branch of
trigeminal
nerve & the
mylohyoid
nerve
Depresses the mandible & elevates the
hyoid bone
POSTERIOR
DIGASTRIC
The inferior
surface of the
skull, from the
mastoid notch on
the medial surface
of the mastoid
process of
temporal bone & a
deep groove
between the
mastoid process &
the styloid process
A tendon which passes
through a tendinuous
pulley attached to the
hyoid bone. The posterior
digastric attaches to the
tendon of anterior
digastric muscle
Facial nerve Depresses the mandible & elevates the
hyoid bone
40. Wounds of the scalp bleed profusely because the vessels are prevented from retracting by the
fibrous fascia. Bleeding can be arrested by applying pressure against the bone.
If any injury occurs to the nerve supplying orbicularis oculi, it will lead to paralysis of that muscle
causing dropping of the lower eyelid called as ECTROPION & spilling of tears called as
EPIPHORA
Antigonial notch accentuates in shortened muscles, seen in condylar #, ankylosis & masseteric
hypertrophy
Wounds of the scalp do not gape unless the epicranial aponeurosis is divided transversely
DIMPLE-Cute birth defect, Occurs because of short zygomaticus major muscle, May disappear
with age
Can be created artificially by splitting or shortening of zygomaticus major muscle
In infranuclear lesions of the facial nerve, known as Bell’s palsy, the whole of the face of the
same side gets paralysed. The face becomes asymmetrical & is drawn up to the normal side.
The affected side is motionless. Wrinkles disappear from the forehead, eye cannot be closed,
any attempt to smile draws the mouth to the normal side
In supranuclear lesions of the facial nerve, usually a part of hemiplegia, only the lower part of
the opposite side of face is paralysed. The upper part with the frontalis & orbicularis oculi
escapes due to its bilateral representation in the cerebral cortex.
APPLIEDASPECT
43. FUN FACTS
40% of total
body weight
Smallest muscle in
middle ear
Can’t push, only
pull
Strongest muscle is
masseter
No new fibres
grow, they
just become
thicker
17 muscles to
smile
43 muscles to
frown
45. ARTICLE – ANATOMY OF MUSCLES OF HEAD & NECK
BOOK - OKESON
BOOK – INDERBEER SINGH OF HUMAN EMBRYOLOGY
BOOK - SNELL
BOOK – GRAY’S ANATOMY
BOOK – B D CHAURASIA
REFERENCES