The document discusses workshop safety regulations from the Factories Act and OSHA standards. It provides guidance

1. Workshop Safety and Maintenance
for Small Furniture Manufacturers
Jamaica Business Development Corporation

2. Today we will learn:
 Safety regulations adopted from Factories
Act and OSHA
 Operational Safety tips
 Equipment maintenance tips
 Preventing Electrical Hazards
 Impact of adequate lighting and ventilation

3. Factories Act
 The Factories Regulation was enacted to ensure
best practices and the safe operation of
factories in Jamaica.
 This includes policies to ensure the safe
operation of machinery, testing and inspection
of equipment, safe environment for workers
including sanitary conveniences and registration
and certification of factories.

4. OSHA Standards
 OSHA (Occupational Health and Safety
Administration) based in America is an International
Standard recognized worldwide.
 Under the OSH Act, employers are responsible for
providing a safe and healthful workplace.
 OSHA's mission is to assure safe and healthful
workplaces by setting and enforcing standards, and by
providing training, outreach, education and assistance.
 Employers must comply with all applicable OSHA
standards which requires employers to keep their
workplace free of serious recognized hazards.

5. Factories Act and OSHA Standards
 There are many similarities in the two
regulations.
 OSHA is however far more comprehensive
and detailed due to constant updates and
amendments to the regulations.

6. Safety and Factories Act regulations
 Securely fence dangerous parts of a machinery (3). It is
illegal according to factories act for anyone to sell you
equipment without proper guards, etc
 Heavy Duty machines powered by electric motors
must have a switch and an EMERGENCY STOP. (4-2)
 Persons must be competent to operate machines. (15)
 Air receivers safe working pressure should not be
exceeded! (42)

7. Safety and Factories Act regulations
 No timber or material with projecting nail should be a
source of danger to workers. (Building 94 -1)
 No loose material is to be left in passage ways to
unduly restrict the passage of persons (Building 94 -2)
 Sanitary conveniences should be provided for workers
including fresh water (66f)
 Wear safety equipment where necessary. (Goggles,
steel toe shoes, gloves, dust mask, other necessary
PPE) (75)

8. OSHA standards
 1910.213(a)(1)
Each machine shall be so constructed as
to be free from sensible vibration when
the largest size tool is mounted and run
idle at full speed.
 1910.213(a)(2)
Arbors and mandrels shall be constructed
so as to have firm and secure bearing and
be free from play.

9. OSHA standards
 1910.213(i)(2)
Each bandsaw machine shall be provided with a
tension control device to indicate a proper
tension for the standard saws used on the
machine, in order to assist in the elimination of
saw breakage due to improper tension.
 1910.213(j)(1)
Each hand-fed planer and jointer with horizontal
head shall be equipped with a cylindrical cutting
head, the knife projection of which shall not
exceed one-eighth inch beyond the cylindrical
body of the head.

10. Operational Safety Tips
 Do not wear loose clothing, work gloves,
neckties, rings, bracelets or other jewellery that
can become entangled with moving parts.
 Avoid awkward operations and hand positions
where a sudden slip could cause your hand to
move into the cutting tool or blade.
 Do not remove sawdust or cuttings from the
cutting head by hand while a machine is running.
Use a stick or brush when the machine has
stopped moving.

11. Operational Safety Tips
 Do not leave machines running unattended (unless
they are designed and intended to be operated while
unattended).
Do not leave a machine until the power off is turned
off and the machine comes to a complete stop.
 Do not try to free a stalled blade before turning the
power off.
 Do not distract or startle an operator while he or
she is using woodworking equipment.
 Do not leave wrenches, screwdrivers, blades or any
such item on a machine where it may cause damage.

12. Safely operating your machine

13. Operational Safety Tips
 Store hand tools properly where they will
not be damaged by moisture, dust, etc.
 Make sure handles and guards are not
faulty or broken
 Use the proper attachments, blades,
cutters for the your hand tool
 Always store new blades
 Know when you hand tool is behaving
abnormally
 Use tools ergonomically

14. Operational Safety
 Look at the picture and identify the safety
measures used and why.

15. Operational Safety
 Look at the picture and identify the safety
hazards or measures and why.

16. Equipment Maintenance Tips
 Create a schedule for maintaining your equipment
 Ensure the relevant moving parts and bearings are properly
lubricated as required
 Check to ensure pulley belts are in good condition and
tension is correct.
 Keep cutting tools and blades sharp
 Ensure there is no excessive vibration when operating this
is a sign of misaligning parts.
 Investigate strange noises immediately

17. Equipment Maintenance Tips
 Know your machine well.
 Maintain, keep and acquire the necessary
manuals for your machine
 Know where to obtain replacement parts or
service technicians that are competent to
service these machines.

18. Questions
 Do you employ preventative maintenance or breakdown
maintenance?
 Write down a list of equipment that you find breakdown
more frequently.
 How do you usually service and maintain the equipment?
 Do you know the root cause of your breakdowns.
 Do you know the life of your blades, cutters, saws bits etc?
 Are you aware of factors that extend or reduce the life of
your tools?

19. Preventing Electrical Hazards

20. Possible Hazards
 Electrocution
 Fire or explosion
 Damage to equipment
 Injury to operator(s)

21. Preventing Electrical Hazards
 Ensure your power source and wiring can
handle the current load of the equipment
you are using.
 Do not plug a lot of equipment in one
socket. All heavy duty equipment should
have its own isolator!
 Avoid sloppy wiring. This causes confusion
when diagnosing a fault, additionally,
occupants can trip over wires and get
electrocuted.

22. Preventing Electrical Hazards
 Ensure your power cord is not damaged, broken
or contain short or has wiring exposed.
 Avoid leaks in roofs where water or other liquids
can spill into sockets and cause fire.
 Avoid the use of hot incandescent bulbs as they
draw can make the internal environment much
hotter and possibly start a fire.
 Do not use plugs that have no ground especially
for equipment with metal casing.

23. Exercise 1
 You are provided with power from your
neighbour to run 2 of your machines.
One machine runs on 220V and draws a
maximum current of 10A. The other also
runs on 220V and draws 20A.
 What are some important questions you
need to ask your neighbour and why?

24. Questions to ask
 Is the right voltage available?
 What is the size of the breaker circuit from
which the power is being taken?
 What else is running on the same breaker?
 Is the extension/wiring used able to carry the
power demanded?

25. Exercise 2
 What amperage should a circuit breaker
be if the motor used on a machine has
the following specifications:
Idle current: 2A
Average current under load: 6 -12 A
Maximum current: 14A

26. Impact of lighting and Ventilation
 The machining and spraying of wood can
create a hazardous environment that
makes adequate lighting and ventilation
necessary.
 Why is lighting important?
 Why is adequate ventilation important?

27. Impact of adequate lighting
Factories Act and OSHA requires that lighting be adequate in
workshops because:
 Hazards are more likely to be seen.
 It also reduces the likelihood of visual fatigue and
discomfort.
 Woodworking machinists need a clear view of the work
piece, the cutters and other controls.
 Make sure the light is positioned or shaded to prevent
glare.

28. Impact of adequate ventilation
Factories Act and OSHA requires that ventilation
be adequate (61) in workshops since:
 It facilitates the removal of certain chemicals and
dust particles to levels that affect human
respiratory health. (Possible diseases include
allergies, dermatitis, cancers, etc)
 It prevents the concentration of volatile
substances such as chemicals found in sprays and
varnish which may explode if ignited.

29. Impact of adequate ventilation
 The presence of certain chemicals can
make workers sleepy, confused or sick
and thereby halt or slow down
production.
 Factories Act requires that adequate
ventilation also be provided for
restrooms.

30. Exercise 3
 Based on what was discussed make a list
of all that you think Factories Act and
OSHA would find hazardous in your
workshop and state what you could do to
correct them?