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- 1. 1 ARBBA MINCCE YUNBBERESTTEN DERETETHASAYNSSENNE ASA ALLALLIYA KOLLOOJEN GOOFATHO DOONANNE BILA XUUFE TIMIRTTE KIFILE GOOFA ZOONEN DEMBBA GOOFA WORADAN MISHKKARE 2THO DETHA TIMIRTTE KEETHAN 10THOKIFILE TAMAARETA GOOFATHO DOONA TIMIRTTEN WURSSETHA MURUUTA ZIQQATETHA GAASOTA XOMOOSO GOOFATHO KOYRO DIGIRE KUNTHETHO PILGETHA IRIPPORTTE PILGGANCHAY ADDISU IYAASU COOCE,2011 M.L ARBBA MINCCE,TOPHPHIYA
- 2. 2 GOOFA ZOONEN DEMBBAGOOFA WORADAN MISHKKARE 2THODETHA TIMIRTTE KEETHAN 10THOKIFILE TAMAARETA GOOFATHO DOONA TIMIRTTEN WURSSETHA MURUUTA ZIQQATETHA GAASOTA XOMOOSO. GOOFATHO KOYRO DIGIRE KUNTHETHO PILGETHA IRIPPORTTE ARBBA MINCCE YUNBBERESTTEN DERETETHA SAYNSSENNE ASA ALLALLIYA KOLLOOJEN GOOFATHO DOONANNE BILA XUUFE TIMIRTTE KIFILE PILGGANCHAY ADDISU IYAASU ZORAADDEY BEDILU WOZA COOCE,2011 M.L ARBBA MINCCE,TOPHPHIYA
- 3. 3 PAACCANCHTA GIZZO WARQQATE “GoofaZoonen Dembba Goofa Woradan Mishkkara 2thoDethaTimirtte Keethan 10thoKifile Tamaareta Goofatho DoonaTimirtten Wurssetha Muruuta Ziqqatetha Gaasota Xomooso” giya kaara dendduwa udidi Tophphiya doonatanne bila xuufe kifilen Goofatho doona koyro digire kunthethos Addiso Iyaasura shiiqida ha pilggethay Yunbberesttiya geeshshatethanne suuretetha kunthidayssi paaccanchata pirmman gizzettis. PaaccanchataYara Qoncciso Zoraadde ………………..Pirmma ……………Gaagla………… Paaccancha ……………..Pirmma …………Gaagla…………… Paaccancha ……………..Pirmma …………Gaagla……………
- 4. 4 Keso Kaara Shaye I. Keso……………………………………………………………………...I II. Zarata …………………………………………………………………..III III. Galata ………………………………………………………………..…IV IV. Qofiso ……………………………………………………………….…..V V. Maataawatetha ……………………………………………………..…..VI VI. Ooratha qaala birshshetha…………………………………….……….VII VII. Xuntha kuushsha………………………………………………...……VIII SHEMPPO ISSINNO GELO 1.1 Pilggetha Guyeba Esuwa………………..…………………………………………………1 1.2 Pilggetha Metuwa qonccisuwa…….……..………….………………………………...…..2 1.3 Pilggetha qoppoba……………..………..…………………………………..………..…..4 1.3.1 Bertte qoppobay …………………..……………….….………………...…….......4 1.3.2 Sima qoppobay……………………………………………………........................4 1.4 Pilggetha oyshota………………………………………....................................................5 1.5 Pilggetha Go77a………………..………………………………………….……….......5 1.6 Pilggetha Ooso Teqeta………………………..………………………………………….6 1.7 Pilggetha Zawa …………………..……………………………………………….…….6 SHEMPPO NAM77A GAHETETHI DE7IYA XUUFETA ZAARETHO 2.1. Tamaare Wurssetha Muruuta Aybatetha …………………………………………..7 2.2. Nam7antho Detha Tamaareta Wurssetha Muruuta Bolla Lo77o Naaqo Ehanaw Dandda7iyabatan paatetha …………………………………………………………....7 2.3. Tamaareta Wursstha Muruuta Dhubbiyabati Woy Metota Bolla Eranchata Xeelo…......................................................................................................................…8 SHEMPPO HEEDZA
- 5. 5 PILGGETHA MEDHONNE NNEHIILLA 3.1. Pilggetha Medhonne Hiilla hanota…………………….………………..…………..10 3.2. Bessindo Dooro Ogetanne Darotetha …………………………………….…………10 3.3. Markando Shiisho Hiilla ………………………………………..………………… 11 3.3.1. Qaala Oysha ………………………………………………………………………...11 3.3.2. Cuga Giddoyida Tobba …………………………………………………………..…12 3.3.3. Dokumentte / document analsis…………………………………………………...…12 3.4. Markando Paatethanne Birshshetha ………………………………….….…………..12 3.5. Pilggetha Amanthetetha Suuretetha ………………………….……………………..13 Shiiqo Kanddo…………………………………………………...…..……..………. 13 SHEMPPO OYDDA MARKANDDO PAATETHA, BIRSHETHANNE DEMOTANNE TOBBA 4.1. Markanddo Paatethanne Birshetha ………………………………………………………10 4.1.1. Pilggetha Oysha Isson Tamaareta Goofatho Doona Timirtte Wurssetha Muruutara Gahettiya Zaaruwa …………………………………………………………………………15 4.1.2. Pilggetha Oysha Nam77a Bolla Tamaareta Goofatho Doona Timirtte Wurssetha Muruutay Ziqqana Mela Udida Gaasotara Gahettiya Oyshata Zaaro ……………….………………………………………………………………………..19 4.1.3. Pilggetha Oysha Heedza Bolla Tammantho Kifile Tamaareta Goofatho Doona Timirtten Wurssetha Muruuta Ziqqatethay Goofatho Doonaa Timirttiya Bolla Gathiya Naaqotara Gahettida Oyshata zaaruwa…………………………………………………….……………………..…..24 4.2.Pilggetha Demota ……………………………………………………………...……….26 SHEMPPO ICHCHSHA KUUYETHANNE OGE BESO 5.1.Kuuyetha………………………………………………...…..……………………………30 5.2. Oge Beso…………………………………………………………………………………30 Markka Maxaafe …………………………………………………..…………………….…32
- 6. 6 Guja Qoncciso:I Guja Qoncciso:II: GujaQoncciso III Guja Qoncciso IV. Guja Qoncciso:V. Zara 1: Zaaranchata Buzo Markkanddo Paatetha…………………………..……………...14 Zara 2. 2009 M.L 10tho Kifile Goofatho Doona Wurssetha Muruuta……….………...…16 Zara 3. 2010 M.L 10tho Kifile Goofatho Doona Wurssetha Muruuta……….…………....17 Zara 4. 2011 M.L Koyro Semisttere Kifile Detha Muruuta…………………..…………..17
- 7. 7 Galata Koyrottada taani Goofathodoona timirtten digire dethan tamaarana mela ubbaba giigisidi sarora doomada saron polanaadan kumetha maata goday Yesuusi anjjetto. Kaallada ha pilggetha doomethappe lo77o polos gidanaadan go77iya qofata imon, xuufiyan beettiya balata harmmon, ta oosuwas eeson zaaro immishe wodiyanne wolqqaa uuzettonnashin pilggethay suure ogiya oykkanaada oothida ta zoraadde Beddilu Wozza iya amuwaadan galatay dhoqqa. Hessape kaallidi ta oosuwa poluwas wolqqa, miishe, qofa maade immashe taas miye gidada hayssas gathisida ta siiqe Shucha Marsheto wozanappe galatays. Wurssethan ha pilggetha markkandota immida Mishkkare timirtte keetha berttenne sima kaappowas, Goofatho doona asttamaariyasinne 10tho kifile tamaaretas gita galati de7ees.
- 8. 8 Qofiso Taani hayssape garssansunthay qonccisidayssinne paramidayssi ; hayssi pilggethay ta buzo ooso gideyssa pilggethan giddon go7ettidabati xuufetinne pulttoti kumethan mallidayssa gideyssa qonccisays. Sunthay: Addisu Iyaasu Pirmma :------------------- De7iyaasa: Arbba Mincce Yunbberestten Goofatho doonanne Bila xuufe timirtte shaahon V
- 9. 9 Maataawatetha “Goofa Zoonen DembbaGoofa Woradan Mishkkara 2tho Detha Timirtte Keethan 10tho Kifile Tamaareta Goofatho Doona Timirtten Wurssetha Muruuta Ziqqatetha Gaasota Xomooso” giya kaara dendduwa udidi Tophphiya doonatanne bila xuufe kifilen Goofatho doona koyro digire kunthethos shiishida ha pilggethay hayssape sinthe oonankka oosettonna suure ta buzo ooso gideyssanne go7ettida gahettiya xuufeti suure markka gideyssanne Arbba Mincce Yunbberestten pilggetha suuretethan godatetha maatay de7eyssa pirmman qonccisee. Sunthay :Addiso Iyaasu Pirmma :----------------- Gaagla :------------------
- 10. 10 Oortha Qaala Birshshetha Hapilggethan ooratha qaala gididi nabbabanchata akeeka bolla dhubbonna mela kaalliya ooraxxana gidi qoppiya qaalatanne dumma muxo qaalata qanthan birshshethaara giiggis. Timirtte muruuta : Tamaaretan xanxxana paacen gidin wurssetha paacen polo maara. Hessika (Niebuhr,1995) “Tamaare timirtte muruuta guussay asttamaarey dethati, xanxxana paacetinne polo paaceta go7ettidi yigeyssa qonccisees. Muruuta : dumma dumma gitettida oosotan hiillanne era gasethi lo77o polota medho. Mishkkare : Zanggasinne Karzza qabalees giddora goggiya shaafa sunthi gidashe timirtte keethaas sunthettida sunthi. Wurssetha muruuta : Ha pilggethay xanna7iya 10tho kifile Goofatho doona maatirike muruuta guussi. Sexi: wochi/ caddi xeellanaas guuss.
- 11. 11 Xuntha Kuushsha Ha pilggethabertte qoppobay Goofa Zoonen Dembba Goofa woradan Mishkkara 2tho detha timirtte keethan 10tho kifile tamaareta Goofatho doona timirtten wurssetha muruuta ziqqatetha gaasota xomooso geyssa gidishin , sima qoppobati 10tho kifile tamaareta Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruuta hanota yiggi xeelo,wurssetha muruuta ziqqatetha gaasota xomoosonne wurssetha muruuta ziqqatetha gaasota Goofatho doona timirttiya bolla gathiya naaqota sexi/wochi xeelo gidoosona. Ha pilggetha qoppobata zaaranaw heedzu pilggetha oyshota giigisis. Pilgganchay ha pilggetha oosuwa polanaw denthethidabati 2009M.Lnne 2010 M.L muruuta xeelliya wode Goofatho doona timirtten “D” nne “F” ehidayssata pa buzo allalle gaason akeekidayssape gidees. Ha pilggethaas medhoy walaka pilggetha qommo gidees. Hessape Mishkkare 2tho detha timirtte keethan 10tho kifileppe wuda derey 10tho kifile A-E gaso de7eyssati 350 tamaareta gidishin, hessata giddope qaada immiya bessinddo hiillan( probability sampling) gitettida exa bessindo ( complex random sampling) giddon zata bessindo (systematic sampling) go7ettidi besindota 20 tamaareta besindo dooris. He bessindotappe qaala oysha, cuga giddoyida tobbaninne dokumentte markando shiisho ogeta go7ettidi markandota shiishis. Hessape he shiiqida markkandotappe qaala oyshanne cuga giddoyiad tobba markandota qaalan qoncciso ogen paattis. Attida dokumentte markkandota zaran wothidi xeetu kusheppe qonccisidi wothis. Hessape denddidayssan ha pilggethaas demota shaakkis. Hessatappe Dokumentte markkando paatethan “D” nne “F” 2009M.L 44.21% ziqqa muruuta demmidosona. Kaalidi 2010M.L 34.6% tamaareti Goofatho doona timirtten ziqqa muruuta demmidayssa bessees.Qassi 2011M.L koyro semisttere Goofatho doona timirtte muruuta xeellishin 22.3% tamaaret 50% ziqqa muruuta ehidosona. Hessi tamaareti pantta koyro doona gidida Goofatho timirttes immiya bessay daro ziqqa gideyssanne bessonna muruuta gideyssa akeekis Tamaaretas Goofatho doona tamaaranaw koshshay de7ennayssa bessees.Tamaareta yela asaykka soon nayti Goofatho nabbabiya wode boreninne toshen nayta nabbabisonnayssi dhube gidis. Asttamaaretas woden woden abbe gidana geetetti qopettiya qantha loohisoti de7onnayssi meto gidis. Goofatho doonan loohida asttamaare(digire asttamaare) paccey ziqqatetha dhube gidis. Goofatho doona qabimay daro bagga kushey Inggiliizethoppenne Amaaratho doonaappe duuqettidaysi birshshetha metoy de7eeyssape denddidayssan gidees.Hessatinne harati gaaso gideyssa demon qonccisis. Hessa bolla Goofatho doona timirtte bolla de7iya bala xeelota denthidi doonay buroo dicha bolla de7eyssa akeekan gelisidi timirtte keethan gidin Karen geetettiya bala qofata diggidi tamaaranaw imettida wode bonchon
- 12. 12 timirttiya kaallanaw bessoosona.Goofathodoona timirttiya hara doona timirttetara geeddaro oosoti bala gidiya gishaw dooni ubbi ginanne kumethi giya saynise qofaa ma77idi wudatetha timirttiya kaalon dhoqqa murruta ehanaw koshshoosona.Asttamaareti: Goofatho doona timirttiyan tamaaretas de7iya xeeluwa suurekko laammiya oosota polanaw bessoosona.Doona bolla panttaw de7iya daabura xeelota tamaaretas qoncce udanaw bessenna.Goofatho doona timirtten giigida dumma dumma maxaafeta , mexeeteta, qanthanne adussa medh-darssota, qantha xuufeta (birooshereta), h.h.melabata koyidi tamaaretas shiisho koshshees.Goofatho doona timirttes saaminttan imettida issi kifile wodiya hara doonatas saaminttan imettiya heedzu kifile wodiyakko dhoqqu udiyaakko daro lo77o giya zoreta immis.
- 13. 13 SHEMPPO ISSO GELO 1.1. PilggethaGuyeba Esuwa Tamaareta timirtte wurssetha muruuta (student’s academic performance) gishin tamaaro tamarsso hanotan tamaareti eranne hiilla timirtte keethape demmidayssan nam77antho detha wurssetha paacey markkatetha warqqates yigethan beettida(scores) wurssetha muruuta(outcomes) gidees (Ali et al ,2009) Hessika Tamaarey ay timirtte eqotaas loythi koshshiyaaba gidishina. Issi gadees issipetethanne ikkonoome dichay tamaare muruutaara gahettidaba. Tamaare wurssetha muruutay issi gaden lo77o tamaarida asi de7iya gooba ayso aysaaddenne asa wolqqa medhdhanaw ;issipetetha dichchanne ikkonoome dichaas gita gidida bagga ekkees (Ali et al ,2009) Haray Timirtte laytha muruutay buro dicha bolla de7iya daro gadetan wurssetha paace muruuta oyddu yuushotayssa mallas oyddantho kifile , hosppuntho kifile, tammantho kifilenne tamaanne nam77antho kifile muruuta yiggetha pilgganchati qonccisiya wode mino naaqoy (strong impact) de7ey tammantho kifile dethan de7ees goosona. Gujan Timirtte Ministtere (2004)xinaatey bessiya mela timirtte siraata, qaaxo hanota , asttamaareta loohiso porograamenne yigetha hiillay dhube gididayssa qonccisees (MoE ,2004). Tamaareta wurssetha paacen yigethay timirtte siraatan dumma dumma dethatan qonccis. Kumetha timirtte ooso macaran doona paace pilgganchati ( Grouland 1976, Ibel 1979 ,Teshome 1995, Huz 2003) qonccisiya mela timirtte siraatan paaceynne timirttey shaakettonna issi santtimes nam77u shaye gidees. “Tamaareti tamaaridayssa ay mela oothanaw dandda7oona? Gidi yiggonna tamarssoy de7ees gidi qofo dandda7ettenna” gidosona. (Alderson, 1999) giya eranchaa qonccisoy ha qofaa minthees. Gujan paacey era loythiyanne issi timirtte eqota maataa polo detha dichiyaba gidees gidikka ammanettees. He wurssetha paace giigetethay kifileeppe kifile aadhethinne issi dethaappe haraan aadhdhanaw maaddees (Douglas, 2010).
- 14. 14 Ha qommon qonccidaeranchata qofaa xeeelliya wode doona timirtte wurssetha muruuta dichchanaw dandda7isiya ogeta gidanaw dandda7ees. Gidoppe attin, daro timirtte keethan doona timirtte wurssetha muruuta ziqqatetha metoti beettes. Hessata giddope nu heeran de7iya timirtte keethatan oyddantho kifile dethan , hosppuntho kifile dethaninne tamaantho kifile dethatan imettiya Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruutatappe ziqqidi beettey tammantho kifile dethana. Hessika Dembba Goofa woradan de7iya unddenna timirtte keethata giddope Zangga Mishkkare 2tho detha timirtte keethan 10tho kifilen beettees. Hessa gidiya gisho, ha pilggethaa xanna7anchay Dembba Goofa woradan Mishkkare 2tho detha timirtte keethan 10tho kifile tamaareta wurssetha muruuta ziqqatetha dhubeta xomooso ooso oothis. 1.2. Pilggetha Metuwa Qoncciso Pilgganchay ha pilggetha xinaatiya Dembba Goofa woradan Zangga Mishkkare kumetha nam77antho detha timirtte keethan tamantho kifile tamaaretan Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha paace muruuta ziqqatetha pilggi xeellis. Pilggancha ha metuwa bolla xanna7anaw denthethidabati 2010 M.L muruutan unddenna tamaareti “ F” ehidayssa akeekon, ha kifile dethaappe haraako aadhdhida tamaareta qoodaa xeelliya wode Goofatho doona timirtten ziqqa gidoyssapedenddidayssan guutha tamaareti 11tho kifilen tamaareyssi: Mallas: ha77i 12 addenne 8 macci kumethan 18 tamaareti kanche issi kifilen tamaarishe de7eyssinne tamaaretas tamaaro koshsha xeelliya wode kawshshe gididi leqisiya hanotata timirtte keethan de7iya metota xurqqafo xeelon/ survey woy yeda xeelon oosota polidayssape gidees. Hessara gathidi tamaareta wurssetha muruuta qohanaw dandda7ees giya gaasota dumma dumma eranchati pantta qofaa wothoosona. “Tamaareta wurssetha muruutay ziqqa gidana mela udey doonas de7iya qawosa wogaa bolla de7iya eray guutha gidoppe denddidayssana”. Hessappe denddidayssan medhdhiya meega qofata lo77o hanotan medhdhokona, dumma dumma gaasotara gathidi pantta akeekan/ qofan keehi xuummidaba gidosona. Haray qassi,nam77anthon tamaarotamarsso miisheta paccetethay, kifile tamaareta darotethay, maxaafe paccey, tamaareta zoriya progiraamey de7onnayssi, tamaareta wursstha muruutaziqqa gidanadandhubbeyssa qoccisoosona(Maganga , 2016).
- 15. 15 Kaallidi Tamaareta timirttelaythan wurssetha muruutan ziqqa gidana mela udiya metoti tamaaretasinne asttamaaretas gita baaxe gidida meto. Ha metuwas daro gaasoti de7oosona. Hessatikka tamaariya timirttiyas de7iya iita xeelo, timirttiya qommon giigida maxaafeta paccey, tamaaretas de7iya garssa denddetetha dhayoynne h.h.melata gidoosona.#Tamaareta timirtte wurssetha muruutay ziqqatetha kaalleyssada birshshanaw dandda7ey : ziqqa woy daabura gidida tamaare markkey/muruutay suure gidoole dethan de7iya muruutaappe dumma dumma gaasotan ziqqa gidishina. Hessikka tamaaretara woy yela asaara gahettanaw dandda7ees, issipetethanne timirtte heeraa gidanaw dandda7ees. Ha gaasoy zaari zaari kunddanaadaninne lo77o muruuuta demmonaadan udees. Haray qassi, Mattumatetha dummatethay tamaareta muruuta bolla gita gidida oosota polees. Tamaareta kanddoynne kaha metoti, meezetethi ,pana akeekoy, pana xeelloynne .h.h melati timirtte muruuta qonccisanaw dandda77ees. Hara baggara hiillan dummatethay hessa shiishi oykkanaw kawushshe gidenna. Tamaareta tamaaro hiillay/isttayley muruuta dhubbanaw dandda7ees ( Mohammad A. ,2015) Yela asaa issipetethanne ikkonoome dethaytamaareta wurssetha muruuta dhubbees(Graetz ,1995).Tamaareta issipetethanne ikkonoome dethan ziqqa gidida heerappe yuussay timirtte muruuta dhubbanaw dandda7ees gidi (Jazmawi, 2008) qofaa minthees. Haray, tamaare wurssetha muruuta bolla daro pilgganchatappe (Mosha, 2014) gishe “Tamaare wurssetha muruutay dhubettanaw dandda7ey tamarssiya timirtte qommuwan loohida asttamaarey de7onnayssinne tamaaro tamarsso maado miishe pacceppe gidees. Hessadankka I pilggethay bessiya mela tamaaronna, loohonna, dethape ziqqanne loohida asttamaareti tamarssey timirtte siraatan de7eyssada gidonnashin bollara bollara puxukidi tamarssoy, tamaareta qooday kifile giddon daro gidoy, asttamaare maatay dol77a gidoy , tamaaro- tamarsso hanotay ziqqa gidoy , soo asaappe maadey guutha gidoynne tamaareta koshshay tamaaro tamarsso h.h.melati de7ees(Mosha, 2014). Kumethan ha eranchati tamaareta muruutay ziqqanaadan gaaso gidiyabata qonccisidayssan be7iya wode pilgganchay pilggetha oothiya timirtte keethaan 10tho kifile dethan de7iya metuwaara gahetethay de7ikkoka tamaareti ha timirtte keethan koyro doona gidida Goofatho
- 16. 16 doona timirtten de7iyawurssetha muruutay ziqqa gidanaadan haraa bertte gaasoti de7anaw dandda7ees. Ha pilggetha oosuwas pilgganchay wudayidi xeellana melaZangga Mishkkare timirtte keethan 10tho kifile tamaaretan Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruutay ziqqa gideyssas gaasoti de7anaw dandda7ees gidi qoppis. Hessata giddoppe tamaareti Goofatho doona timirttey haasayaadan kawushshe gidi qoppidi paaces nabbabanayssi, doona leqisi xeelo, giigettiya paacey kifile dethan asttamaarey yigganaw kessiya paaceta mela geyssan paaciyaas besse immonna agoy, Goofatho doonay awa gathane giya bala qofay heera asaappe attonnayssi, tamaareti tamaarishe gidin paace wode Goofatho doona qawosa go7etetha metoy, tamaaretas Goofatho doona tamaaranaw de7iya garssa koshsha/denddetetha dhayoy, tamaareta keetha asay woy yela asay entti tamaariya hanotay ay aaziyaakko kaalli xeelo paccey , heeran de7iya asay doonaas immiya xeelo paccey, tamarssiya asttamaareti he kifile dethan koshshiya loohiso ekkiday (timirtte siraatan dhoqqa dethan digire tamaarida asttamaaren gidonnashin dippilooma asttamaaretaninne hara yame doonatan loohida asttamaaretara tamaaro tamarsso oosoy polonnayssappe denddidaysan, h.h.mela metotan gidanaw dandda7ees gidi pilgganchay qofa xonggethan mallees. Hessape denddidayssan ha pilgganchay Mishkkare 2tho detha timirtte keethan 10tho kifile tamaareti Goofatho doona wurssetha muruutay ziqqa gidanaw dandda7isida dhubeta xomoosanaw pilggetha qoppoba baaso udida pilggetha oyshota giigison, he oyshota zaarana bessinddo dooridi, markkanddo shiisho miisheta go7ettidi pilggethaa polis. 1.3. Pilggetha Qoppoba 1.3.1.Bertte Qoppoba Goofa zoonenDembba Goofa woradan Mishkkare 2tho detha timirtte keethan 10tho kifile tamaareta Goofatho doona timirtten wurssetha muruuta ziqqatetha gaasota xomooso. 1.3.2.Sima Qoppoba a. Goofa zoonenDembba Goofa woradan Mishkkare 2tho detha timirtte keethan 10tho kifile tamaareta Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruuta hanota yiggi xeellanaassa.
- 17. 17 b. Goofa zoonenDembbaGoofa woradan Mishkkare 2tho detha timirtte keethan 10tho kifile tamaareta Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruuta ziqqatetha gaasotaxomoosanaassa. c. Goofa zoonenDembba Goofa woradan Mishkkare 2tho detha timirtte keethan 10tho kifile tamaareta Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruuta ziqqatetha gaasota Goofatho doona timirttiya bolla gathiya naaqota sexi/wochi xeellanaassa. 1.4. Pilggetha Oyshata 1. Dembba Goofa woradan Mishkkare 2tho detha timirtte keethan 10tho kifile tamaareta Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruutay ay aazii? 2. Dembba Goofa woradan Mishkkare 2tho detha timirtte keethan 10tho kifile tamaareta Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruutay ziqqana mela udida gaasotiayba aybee? 3. Dembba Goofa woradan Mishkkare 2tho detha timirtte keethan 10tho kifile tamaareta Goofatho doona timirtten wurssetha muruuta ziqqatethay Goofatho doonaas de7iya suure xeeluwa bolla gathiya naaqoy aybee? 1.5. Pilggetha Go77a Ha pilggethay oosettey 10tho kifile tamaaretan Goofatho doona timirtten wurssetha muruutay ziqqa gidana mela gathida gaasota xomooso gidishin, ha pilggethay koshshiya pilggetha oosota suure oge polidaappe guye : Tamaareti Goofatho doona bolla de7iya xeelota suurisanaw go77ees. Asttamaareta tamarsso hiillay kaseyssappe laamettanaadan oge mallees. Tamaareti doona bolla de7iya ziqqa xeeluwa guuxisanaw maaddees. Tamaareti Goofatho doona tamaaranas garssa denddetethinne suukey medhettanaadan udees. Tamaaretas wurssetha muruutay (maatirikenne kifile muruutatay) dhoqqa gidanaadan maaddees. Tamaareta yela asay Goofathoy awa gathanee? Giya bala xeeluwa laammanadan udees. Sinthape ha kifilen pilggetha ooso oothana pilgganchaas lo77o markkando pultto gididi go77ees.
- 18. 18 1.6. Pilggetha OosoTeqeta Ha pilggethay polettiday Goofa zoonenDembba Goofa woradan Mishkkare 2tho detha timirtte keethan 10tho kifile tamaareta Goofatho doona timirtten wurssetha muruuta ziqqatetha gaasota xomooso bolla gidishin pilgganchay ekki denddida ayfe qoppobata dhubbanaw/teqqanaw gaaddetdabatikka dhayenna. Hayssatikka: pilggetha oosettiya timirtte keethan dumma dumma hanotatan palami keyidayssan koyro qamma oosoti dhubettidosona. Kaallidi Sawla katamaappe Mishkkare timirtte keetha simerettiya wodenne dumma dumma oosuwas koshshiyabatas miishe guuthatethinne wurssethan timirtte kethan dokumentte xeellanaw koyida 2010 M.L tamaareta markkandoy qosettidi unddenna wodeta koshsha xuuggidayssinne worada dethan timirtte xifate keethape demmonna mela xuugettidayssati koyro kushshiya ekkiya teqeta gidoosona. 1.7. Pilggetha Zawa Pilgganchay ha xinaatiya oothiday Goofa Zoone giddon Dembba Goofa woradan Zangga qabalen Mishkkare nam77antho detha timirtte keethan 10tho kifilen Goofatho doona timirttena. Ha kifile tamaareti Goofatho doona timirtten wurssetha ziqqa gideyssas pilgganw koyidi zawayis.Hessikka dalggara hara timirtte keethatan oosettanaw bessiyaaba gidishin pilgganchay miishe , wolqqanne wode minjjanaw de7iya koshshaape gidees.
- 19. 19 SHEMPPO NAM77A GAHETETHI DE7IYAXUUFETA ZAARETHO 2.1. Tamaare Wurssetha Muruuta Aybatetha Tamaareta wurssetha muruuta gishin tamaaro tamarsso hanotan tamaareti eranne hiilla timirtte keethape demmidayssan nam77antho detha wurssetha paacey markkatetha warqqates yigethan beettida (scores) wurssetha muruuta (outcomes) gidees (Ali et al ,2009). “Timirtten muruutancha gidoy heedzu hiilla cugatan moodettoosoa. Enttika: kahanne meta kaha hiilla(cognitive and meta cognitive skill), issipetetha hiilla (social skill)nne pana ayso hilla( self- management skill) gidoosona . kahanne meta kaha hiillay halcho woso, kaalesonne zaari qopo hiilla shiishi oykkishin, issipetetha hiillay haraara de7iya hiilla,issipetethan meto bilethi, hayzonne cuga oosota shiishi oykkees. Haray qassi pana ayso hiilla gidishe akeeka naagiso/ wogayo, denddetethanne qiiron poliyabati lo77o muruutas maaddosona. Ha heedzu hiillata timirtte keethan de7iya daro wode gam77ope gididi dhoqqa muruutanchana ziqqa muruutanchaappe shaakkana mela wolqqa gidees(Masteninne Coatsworth, 1998). 2.2. Nam77antho Detha Tamaareta Wurssetha Muruuta Bolla Lo77o Naaqo Ehanaw Dandda7iyabatan paatetha Tamaareti doonan geeddaretethi entta wurssetha muruuta kaliya woy maaddiya hanotay lo77o naaqo gidees gidosona (Harb and El-Shaarawi (2006). Tamaareta wursstha muruuta bolla laame ehanaw dandda7ey gahetetha hiilla (communication skill) gidees. Tamaareti tamaaron eenotiya naaqo gathiya gisho gahetethi (communication) tamareta muruutaara gahetethi de7ees. Haray qassi suurenne koshshiya wode go7etethi tamaareta wurssetha muruuta bolla lo77o naaqo gathees.tamaareti kifile giddon tamaaros ekkiya wode go7etethaynne asttamaareti waati polaneekko wode gizzettida ogen go7etethi koshshees gidi (Ekwesili, 2006).
- 20. 20 2tho detha Timirettekeethan zorenne oge bessiya tiimettida oosoy (counseling and guidance) tamaareti lo77o kandduaawa udidi entta murrutay lo77o gidana mela baaso yara(basic element) gidees. Hessika timirtte zorenne oge bessiya oosota keetha kaappoy halchon, tiimon(organize) , shiishoninne kaalon poliya wode gides ( Mahmood, 2008). Karemera (2003)pa pilggethan qonccisishe tamaare muruuta guussay tamaareti timirtte keethan de7iya go77atan (maxaafe keethan , komppiteren paacci be7o tamaronne haraa maaddiya eqotatan) bessiya muruutaranne alora maaddiya dabbotethi de7ees gidi qonccisees. Tamaaretinne eqotati koshshiya miisheta suure go7etethay tamaareti tamaaro hiillay/style muruuta bolla eenotiya naaqo gasora lo77o dabbotethi de7eyssa (Norhidayah Ali, et. al, 2009)nYoung (1999)Pakisttane gade pilgganchay gishe “tamaareta muruutay entti maxaafe keetha go7etethaynne yela asa timirtte dethay muruutaara dabbotethi/ gahetethi de7ees. 2.3. Tamaareta Wursstha Muruuta Dhubbiyabati Woy Metota Bolla Eranchata Xeelo Daro pilgganhati tamaareta wursstha muruuta bolla eenotiya naaqoy (positive impact) 2tho detha tamaaretan aymela go77iyaakko qonccisidosona, Gidoppe attin , hessadankka unddenna eranchati tamaareta wurssetha muruutay dhubettanaw dandda7iya ogeta nam77an shaakkidi qonccisidosona. Ha ogetikka kifileppe karenne kifile giddo metota gidosona. Kifileppe kare bagga metoti tamaaretas ooso daroy, yela asaa metoy, oosonne miishe meto , h.h.m. gidishin, kifile giddo metoti woy dhubeti kifile maaray , kifile tamaare darotethay, maxaafe paccey, kifile paace muruutay, tamaaro miisheti , soo oosoti, kifiliya giddo carkkoy , buqettida tamaaro korsseti , asttamaarey kifile giddon oothiya oosoti, kifile giddon dumma dumma tekinooloje muruutata go7etetha pacceynne wurssetha paace hanotay wurssetha muruuta bolla meto gathees gidosona (Webner& Watson, 2002). Tamaareti bertte gidida doona hiillatan de7iya daaburaynne ha metotara meezetida hanotay nababoninne xaafo hiillatan daabura gideyssinne hessadankka pidale maaraakka xaafo daaburay wurssetha muruuta bolla meto gathees gidi ( Nile, 2006) qonccisees. Kumethan hayssape qommon (Webner& Watson, 2002)geetettiyaeranchati tamaareta wurssetha muruuta dhubbanaw danddaees giya metota nam77an shaakidi kifile giddonne kifileppe kare metotan gidees gidosona. Haray ( Nile, 2006)tamaareti doona hiillatan daabua
- 21. 21 gidoy, pidaleta maarankkaxaafo daaburay muruuta bolla dhube gidanaw dandda7eyssa qonccisoosona. Gidoppe attin, ha pilggethati besseyssi loythi diccida Inggiliizetho doonan loohida doonan loohida asttamaareti daro gidida doonan oosettida pilggetha qofa gideyssi ha pilggathaappe dumma udanaw dandda7ees. Haray, pilggethay polettey buroo dicha bolla de7iya Goofatho doona timirtten tamaareta wurssetha muruuta ziqqatetha meto gidanaw dandda7iyabati: Goofatho doonay awa gathane giya bala qofay heera asaappe attonnayssi, tamaareti tamaarishe gidin paace wode Goofatho doona qawosa go7etetha metoy, tamaaretas Goofatho doona tamaaranaw de7iya garssa koshsha/denddetetha dhayoy, tamaareta keetha asay woy yela asay entti tamaariya hanotay ay aaziyaakko kaalli xeelo paccey , heeran de7iya asay doonaas immiya xeelo paccey, tamarssiya asttamaareti he kifile dethan koshshiya loohiso ekkiday (timirtte siraatan dhoqqa dethan digire tamaarida asttamaaren gidonnashin dippilooma asttamaaretaninne hara yame doonatan loohida asttamaaretara tamaaro tamarsso oosoy polonnayssappe denddidaysan, h.h.m baaso gididasyssata gidanaw dandda7ees giya xeelon ha pilggetha dummatetha (gap) bessees .
- 22. 22 SHEMPPO HEEDZA PIGGETHA MEDHONNEHIILLA Ha shaahoy baaso udidipilggetha medhonne hiilla, bessinddo dooro ogenne bessinddo darotetha , markkanddo shiisho miisheta , pilggetha ammanetetha, suuretethanne shiiqo kanddotashiishi oyqqis. 3.1. Pilggetha Medho Ha xinaatey DembbaGoofa woradan Mishkkare 2tho detha timirtte keethan 10tho kifile tamaaretan Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruuta ziqqatetha dhubeta xomooso gidees. Pilgganchay ha pilggethaas nam77u qommo medhota go7ettana. Hesstikka : qaalan qonccisonne paydon qoncciso/ walaka pilggetha medho (mixed research method) polis. Qaalan qoncciso pilggethay qaalan markkanddo qonccisanas (Cresswell,2009).Haray, paydon qoncciso medhoy paydon markkandota paatti qonccisanaw gidishin,walaka medhoy qaalaninne paydon qoncciso pilggetha medhota gidoosona(Pattoneynne Cohcran, 2002)an. Ha xinaatey laamerettiya hanotan (flexiablity) qoppoba wudayees. Hessika kandduwa baasoyiya gishonne zaaranchatas dooya oyshati (open - ended question) qaala oyshan polettana(Kambo et al:2006). Issi issi zaaranchati walaka oyshata (dooya woy la77anne gordda qaala oyshata)nne cuga giddoyo tobban shiiqiya gishossa. 3.2. Bessindo Dooro Hiillanne Besindo Darotetha Ha pilggethay polettidatimirtte keethay Zanagga Mishkkare 2tho dethan 10tho kifile tamaaretan gidees. Ha kifilen tamaareta qooday 350 gidoosona. Hayssati tamaariya kifile 10tho A-E gaso de7iya tamaareta gidishin, ha xinaatiyas wuda dere (target population) gididi ekettidosona. Haray ha kifilen Goofatho doona tamarssiya issi asttamaareynne nam77u (2) timirtte keetha berttenne sima kaappoti markkanddo immanaw ekettidoosona. Ha pilggethas bessindoti wuda deriyaappe ekettidosona. Wuda derey 10tho kifile A-E gaso de7eyssati 350 tamaareta gidishin, hessata giddope qaada immiya bessinddo hiillan(
- 23. 23 probability sampling) gitettidaexa bessindo ( complex random sampling) giddon zata bessindo (systematic sampling) go7ettidi besindota 20 tamaareta besindo ekkettidosona. Hessika koyro wuda derey xaafettoosona. Kaallidi bessinddo gizzo, heezanthon wuda deriya bessindosinne zata haahotetha paydo koshshi, oydanthon tamaareta giddope he payduwa giddon de7iya tamaaretappe issuwa exara ekonne wurssethan iya payduwa maaran tamaareta bessido gakkanaw eko gidees ( Yalew 2009:126). Mallas:1. 𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 17.5 17.5y zata haahotetha paydo gidishin pilgganchay 1- 17 paydo gaso de7iya tamaaretappe issuwa exara ekkidi he tamaariya payduwaara 20 kumana gaso dooris. Ha dooruwan xaafetti uttida tamaareta suntha sinthan pilgganchay ayfe qilmmi77idi iskkibirttora mallashi 1-17 paydo giddon “15” mallis. Hessape kaallidi 15y koyro bessindo gidishin laatamantho bessindoy “300tho” tamaariya gidis. Hessape denddidayssan 20 bessindota gidoosona. Haray qaada immonna bessinddo dooro hiillan ubba eko ogiyan tammantho (10tho) kifilen Goofatho doona tamarssiya issi (1) asttamaareynne nam77u (2) simanne bertte kaappota doorettidosona. 3.3. Markando Shiisho Hiillata Pilgganchayha pilggetha xinaatiyan koyro pultto markando shiisho hiilla gidida qaala oysha, cuga giddoyida tobban shiishis. Kaallidi nam77antho pultto gidida dokumentte go7ettidi markkanduwa shiishis. 3.3.1. Qaala Oysha Bogdan and Bicklen (1998) qofan qaala oyshota markkanddo shiishanaw go7etethay oycheyssanne oyshetteyssa woli gahetethas lo77o gidees.Hessika qaala oyshay ciimmon markkanddo demmana mela udees. Hessape denddidayssan ha pilgganchay qaada immonna besindo eko hiillan qoppoba baaso udida oge usuppun (6) tamaaretanne ha kifile dethan Goofatho doona tamarssiya issi asttamaariya ekkana.Gujan timirtte keetha nam77u simanne bertte kaappotas shiishis.Qaala oyshaykkagizzettidabanne la77a(walaka) gididi la77a oyshay pilgganchay zaarancha hanotaadan oychiya oyshata gidishn, qassi gizzettida oyshati
- 24. 24 tamaaretas tammanne issioyshatinne gishaaaddetas laappun oyshati; gujan tammanne hosppun (18) oyshoti giigis. Ha qaala oyshay giigishe pilggetha oysha 2thonne 3tho bolla de7iya oyshota zaaranaw qopettidi giigettis. 3.3.2. Cuga Giddoyida Tobban Mugenda (1999) cuga yaratara tobbay qaala oysha medho gididi kaara yuushuwa hosppun asi uttidi tobbishinmarkkanddo shiishanaw go7ettiya hiilla. Hayssan pilgganchay kaalethiya wode cugay tobbana. Gidoppe attin(Yalew Indaweqe ,1991: shaye 197an) cuga giddoyon cuga yarati 12 gakkanaw dandda7ees gidi qofaa qonccisis. Hessape denddidayssan pilgganchay ha pilgganchay bessinddo qaada immonna bessinddon ekon qoppobaa baaso udida dooro oge go7eettidi 12ubesindota ekkis. Ha ekettidayssatara Goofatho doona wurssetha muruuta dhubbe gidiyabata bolla cugan gididi tobba oothis. 3.3.3. Dokumentte Paatetha Ha markkando shiisho hiillay paydon qoncciso markkando pultto gidees. Hessika pilggethay tamaareta wurssetha muruuta bolla gidiya gishossa. (Yaalew 2009 : 197)an qonccisishe“Dabddaabeti , haasaya harxxe xuufeti , buzo qofisoti , dere doonati , awaajeti , wogati , higgeti , laytha zeenati , buzo de7o taariketi, darasaynneti, tamaare muruutati , aadhdhida paaceti , karttati , jornnaaleti , gaazexati , mexeeteti , pirdde gizzoti , dumma dumma ooso keethata markandoti , dumma dumma zeenati , h.h.m xuufedan shiiqidi beettiyabi ubbi dokumentte giddon de7ees.Gujjidikka,tamaareta muruutay paydo qonccison polettanas maaddees” gis. Hessa gisho, pilgganchay ha markkanddo shiisho hiilla timirtte keethaa kaappuwaappe kase laythata timirtte markkanddo demmanaasdokumentteta (maatirike muruuta) ekkidi yiggi xeellis. Ha dokumenttey shiiqey nam77u laythata (2009nne 2010 laythata wurssetha muruutanne ha77i de7iya Goofatho doona muruuta listtepe markkandduwa shiishis. Dokumentte markkanddo shiisho hiillay pilggetha oysha 1.3.1.bolla de7iya oyshaas zaaro immis.
- 25. 25 3.4. Markanddo PaatethanneBirshetha Ha xinaatiyan doorettida bessindoti qaala oyshaninne cugan giddoyida tobban shiiqiya markkandota muruutaappe denddidi 1.4. bolla de7iya pilggetha qoppoba oyshotas zaaro immanaw paatethi oosettis. Paatethaykka markkandoti denthiya allalliya baaso udidi qaalan qonccisoninne zara giddon paydoninne xeetu kushe (%) shiiqis. 3.5. Pilggetha Ammanthetethanne Suuretetha Pilggetha muruutay geeshshinne birshshethi de7iya ogen gidiya wode suuretethi de7ees( Mugenda 1999). Ha pilggethan pilgganchay koshshiya markkanddota shiishanaw issinnipe bolla gidiya markkando shiisho ogeta go7ettees. Hessatikka qaala oysha, cuga yaratara tobbanne dokumentte xeelo gidoosona.Pilgganchay hayssan shiiqida qofata pa qofaa gelisonna paattis. Haray qassi, pilgganchay tillatetha minthanaw issi timirtte keethi dooridi (pilggethay polettiya timirtte keethaappe hara timirtte keetha) paacci be7on / pilot study markkandota shiishis. “Markkanddota hara yame timirtte keethappe gujjeyssi pilggetha tillatetha minthees gidi qonccises ( Maganga ,2016) . Hessa gisho, pilgganchay shiishiya markkandota suuretethan paatetha immeesinne amanthetethi de7iya hanotan bessindota eko hiilla go7ettisinne bessinddota dooris, shiiqida markkandotas patethinne birshshethi immettis. 3.6. Shiiqo Hanota Gray (2009)n “Pilgganchay pilggetha oothanaw shiiqo kaaloda go7etethi koshshees. Hessika zaaranchata meeziyan iita gidonna woy iitabi yaana gidi qoppiya hanoti de7onnaadan oothees.”Hessa gisho, ha xinaatiya pilgganchay woradaa timirtte xifate keetha kaappotara, Mishkkare timirtte keetha kaappotara, asttamaaretara, tamaaretaranne koshshaaddetara bessiya gahetethi oothidi markkanddo shiishis. Haray qassi, ha pilggethan markkando immida zaaranchata buzo markkanddo woykko zaarancha oonatetha xuura naagiya ogen gidees. Ha zaaranchata buzo markando hara heedzantho asas aathi immonna hanotan polis.
- 26. 26 SHEMPPO OYDDA MARKANDDO PAATETHA,BIRSHETHANNE DEMOTA 4.1.Markanddo Paatethanne Birshetha Hayssi shemppoy markando paatethanne birshshethanne demotanne tobbaa shiishi oykkis.Markandoti nam77u ogen paatettidosona.Hessatikka qaalanne cuga giddoyida tobbaappe beettida markandoti qaalan paatettidosona.Qassi dokumenttepe shiiqida markandoti paydon qonccisiya ogen zaran giigidi paatettis. Zara 1: Zaaranchata Buzo Markkanddo Paatetha Tamaareta Asttamaare Kaappota Kumethan Qooday % Qooday % Qooday % Qooday % 20 100% 1 100% 2 100% 24 100% Yeleta laytha 16-25 20 100% - - - - 20 86.9% 26-40 - - 1 100% 2 100% 3 13.1% 41-50 - - - - - - - - 51-60 - - - - - - - - Guja 20 100% 1 100% 2 100% 23 100% Timirtte hanota Digire - - 2 100% 2 86.9% Dippilooma 1 100% - - 1 13.1% TTI - - - - - - TTIppe garsse - - - - - - Guja 1 100% 2 100% 3 100% Pulttoy :Pilggetha oosettida timirtte keethape 2011M.L Zaaranchata koode qoncciso
- 27. 27 T01= tamaare issoT02= tamaare nam77aT03 =tamaare heedza T04= tamaare oydda T05 = tamaare ichasha T06 = tamaare usuppunaK001 = kaappo isso K002 =kaappo nam77a 4.1.1.Pilggetha Oysha Isson Tamaareta Goofatho Doona Timirtte Wurssetha Muruutara Gahettiya Zaaruwa Hayssape garssan Kaallidi qonncida paatethaytamaareta Goofatho doona wurssetha muruutay ay aaziyaakko qaala oyshappe, cuga giddoyida tobbappenne dokumentte markkandota paatetha gidees. Oysha paydo isso bolla“Nees Goofatho doona timirtte muruutay ay aazii? Lo77o? iitee? Geetetiiya oyshan :Ichashu (83%) gidiya tamaareti:“Iita” gidi zaaro immidosona. Attida issi (17%) gidiya tamaarey:“Lo770” gidi zaaro immis.. Hessape denddidayssan tamaareta Goofatho doona muruutay ziqqa/ iita gideyssa mallees. Ha markandoy besseyssiGoofatho doona timirttes timirtte keethaape doomin asttamaareta gaso immiya bessay ziqqa gidiya gishas wudidi tamaaronnayssi, he kifile dethan Goofatho doonan loythi loohida asttamaarey tamarssishe de7onnayssape denddidaysan dippolooma asttamaarera tamaarishe de7eyssi, Goofatho doonan attamettida maxafeti de7ennayssi, maxaafe keethan Goofatho doonan xaafettida dumma dumma timirtte immiya maxaafeti nabbabanaw koyishin de7onnayssinne h.h.m metotappe denddidayssan,Goofatho doona tamaaranaappe hara doona gidiyakko lo77o giya bala qofi de7iya gisho loythidi kaallonnayssi,kase laytha tamaareti Goofathoppe hara timirttetan lo77o gidenna muruuta ehis giya gisho Goofatho timirtte bolla wudatethi baynnayssape gideyssa akeekisees. Kaallidi cuga giddoyida tobban tobbanchati qaala oyshas shiiqida 6 tamaaretanne bessindo dethan ekettida tamaaretappe 6 tamaareti kumethan 12 yarata gidoosona. Tobba oysha isso bolla tobbanchatas“Hintte Goofatho doona timirtte aadhdhida semisttere muruutay ay aazi?”geetettiya oyshan kumethan (xeetu kusheti) zaarishe:Lo77o gidenna gidi zaaro immidosona..
- 28. 28 Hessape denddidayssan tamaaretamuruuta xeellishin wuda dhayoppe coo tamaariya hanotan ziqqa gideyssa mallees. Oysha nam77an “Hinttes Goofatho doona timirtte tamaaranaw de7iya garssa koshshay ay aazii? He koshshay wurssetha muruuta bolla gathiya eenotaynne akkaytay ay aazi? Giya oyshan 5(50%) zaaranchati“lo77o”. Gidoppe attin, koshshay wurssetha muruuta bolla akkaytanne eenotiya naaqo gathees gidi zaaridosona.Attida 3(50%) gidiya zaaranchati lo77o gidenna gidi zaaridosona.Hessi markkandoy besseyssi tamaareta garssa koshshay wurssetha muruuta bolla meto gathanaw dandda7essa qonccisees. Hessape kaallidi pilgganchay dokumentte markkanduwa yiggi xeellishin kaalliya hanotan wurssetha muruuta bessees. Ha dokumentte markndoy 2009-2010M.Lgaso 10tho kifile tamaareta Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruutanne 2011M.L koyro semisttere muruuta paatetha gidees. Zara 2.2009 M.L 10tho Kifile Goofatho Doona Wurssetha Muruuta Kifile detha M “A “demmida tamaare “B” demmida tamaare “C”demmida tamaare “D” demmida tamaare “F” demmida tamaare Kumethan 10tho A-F Qd % Qd % Qd % Qd % Qd % Qd % Adde 16 4.5% 38 10.7% 49 13.8% 42 11.8% 20 5.63% 165 46.48% Macci 8 2.25% 32 9.01% 55 15.49% 57 16.05% 38 10.7% 190 53.52% Guja 24 6.76% 70 19.7% 104 29.29% 99 27.88% 58 16.33% 355 100% Pulttoy : Pilggetha oosettida timirtte keethape 2011M.LQd =Qooda, M Hayssape qommo zara nam77an 2009 M.L 10tho kifile tamaareta wurssetha muruuta (maatirike muruuta) xeelliya wode Goofatho doona timirtten 355 tamaaretappe “A” demmida tamaareti 24(6.76%) , “B” demmida tamaareti 70(19.7%), “C” demmida tamaareti 104(29.29%), “D” demmida tamaareti 99(27.88%), “F” demmida tamaareti 58(16.33%) gidoosona.
- 29. 29 Ha dokumentte markanduwakuuyishin 6.76% kushe gidiya tamaareti keehippe dhoqqa muruuta, 19.7% gidiya tamaareti lo77o muruuta, 29.29% gidiya tamaareti giddotho muruutanne 44.21% gidiya tamaareti detha naagonna muruuta demmidosona. Zara 3.2010 M.L 10tho Kifile Goofatho Doona Wurssetha Muruuta Kifile detha M “A “demmida tamaare “B” demmida tamaare “C”demmida tamaare “D” demmida tamaare “F” demmida tamaare Kumethan A-F Qooda % Qoo da % Qood a % Qood a % Qood a % Qood a % 10THO Adde 12 3.52% 24 7.03% 89 26.09 % 35 10.26 % 12 3.52 % 172 50.40 % Macci 6 1.75% 20 5.87% 72 21.11 % 45 13.19 6% 26 7.62 % 169 49.6 % Guja 18 5.27% 44 12.9% 161 47.21 % 80 23.46 % 38 11.14 % 341 100% Pulttoy : Pilggetha oosettida timirtte keethape 2011M.L Hayssape qommon zara heedza bolla 2010 M.L 10tho kifile tamaareta wurssetha muruuta xeellishin “A” demmida tamaareti 18(5.27%), “B” demmida tamaareti 44(12.9%), “C” demmida tamaareti 161(47.21%), “D” demmida tamareti 80(23.46%),” F” demmida tamaareti 38(11.14%) gidoosona.Ha dokumentte markanduwa kuuyishin “A” nne ”B”66(18.17%) gidiya tamareti dhoqqa muruuta demmidosona. Kaallidi “C” 161(47.21%) giddotho muruuta demmidosona.“D” nne “F” 118(34.6%) keehippe ziqqa muruuta demmidosona. Zara 4.2011M.L Koyro Semisttere Kifile Detha Muruuta Kifile detha M 50%pe ziqqa ehidayssati 51-75% ehidayssati 76-85% ehidayssati 86-90% ehidayssati 91-100% ehidayssati Kumethan Qooda % Qood % Qooda % Qood % Qo oda % Qoo da % A Adde 9 2.57% 12 3.4% 9 2.57% 3 0.85 - 0% 33 9.42
- 30. 30 % % Macci 8 2.28%20 5.7% 6 1.7% 2 0.57 % 1 0.28% 37 10.57 % Guja 17 4.85% 32 9.14% 15 4.28% 5 1.42% 1 0.28% 70 20% B Adde 7 2% 8 2.28 % 10 2.85% 2 0.57 % 2 0.57% 29 8.28 % Macci 7 2% 20 5.7% 3 0.85% 2 0.57 % 2 0.57% 34 9.72 % Guja 14 4% 28 8% 13 3.71% 4 1.14 % 4 1.14% 63 18% C Adde 7 2% 13 3.71 % 12 3.4% 4 1.14 % 3 0.85% 39 11.14 % Macci 9 2.57% 19 3 0.85% 3 0.85 % 1 0.28% 35 10% Guja 16 21.6% 32 9.14% 15 22.38% 7 2% 4 1.14% 74 21.14% D Adde 7 2% 16 3.14% 10 2.85% 2 0.57 % - 0% 35 10% Macci 9 2.57% 28 8% 6 1.7% 4 1.14 % 1 0.28% 48 13.7 % Guja 16 16.25% 44 55% 16 20% 6 1.7% 1 0.28% 83 23.7% % E Adde 8 2.28% 11 3.14 % 13 3.71% 3 0.85 % 3 0.85% 38 10.85 % Macci 7 2% 5 1.4% 6 1.7% 3 0.85% 1 0.28% 22 6.29 % Guja 15 25% 16 25.4% 19 35.84% 6 1.7% 4 1.14% 60 17.14 %% Guja Adde 36 10.28% 60 17.1% 54 15.42% 14 4% 8 2.28% 172 49.14 % Macci 42 12% 92 26.28 % 24 6.58% 14 4% 6 1.7% 178 50.86 %
- 31. 31 Guja 78 22.3% 15243.4% 78 22.3% 28 8% 14 4% 350 100% Pulttoy : Pilggetha oosettida timirtte keethape 2011M.L Hayssape qommo zara oydda bolla 2011 M.L10tho kifile tamaareta koyro semisttere Goofatho doona timirtte muruuta paatetha gidishin koyro semisttere muruutan 350 paace ekkida tamaaretappe 50%ppe ziqqa ehida tamaareti 78 (22.3%) gidoosona. 51-75% gaso de7iya muruuta ehidayssati 152 (43.4%), 76-85 ehida tamaareti 78 (22.3%) gidoosona. 86-90 gaso de7iya muruuta ehidayssati 28 (8%), 91- 100 gaso de7iya muruuta ehidayssati 14 (4%) gidoosona. Ha qommo zara oydda dokumentte markkando paatethay beessiya mela 2009 M.L Goofatho wurssetha muruutan 44.21% gidiya tamaareti ziqqa muruuta ehidosona. Qassi 2010 M.L Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruutan 36.6% gidiya tamaareti ziqqa muruuta ehidosona. Wurssethan zara 4n 2011 M.L koyro semisttere muruutan 22.3%tamaareti 50pe ziqqa gidiya muruuta Goofatho doona timirtten ehidosona. Kumethan pilgganchay pilggetha qoppobaara gathidi xeellishin, ha dokumentte markkando paatethan “D” nne “F” 2009M.L 44.21% ziqqa muruuta demmidosona. Kaalidi 2010M.L 34.6% tamaareti Goofatho doona timirtten ziqqa muruuta demmidayssa bessees.Qassi 2011M.L koyro semisttere Goofatho doona timirtte muruuta xeellishin 22.3% tamaareti 50% ziqqa muruuta ehidosona.Hessi tamaareti pantta koyro doona gidida Goofatho timirttes immiya bessay daro ziqqa gideyssanne bessonna muruuta gideyssa qonccisees. 4.2.2. Pilggetha Oysha Nam77a Bolla Tamaareta Goofatho Doona Timirtte Wurssetha Muruutay Ziqqana Mela Udida Gaasotara Gahettiya Oyshata Zaaro Qaala oysha paydo isso bolla “Goofatho doona timirttiya bolla de7iya daabura xeeloy wurssetha muruutay ziqqa gidana mela gaaso gidanaw dandda7ees” giya qofan kumetha zaaranchati “Loythi tuma”gidi qofaa immidosona. Ha markandoy Goofatho doona timirttiya bolla de7iya daabura xeeloy wurssetha muruutay ziqqa gidana mela gaaso gideyssa bessees.
- 32. 32 Oysha paydo nam77abolla “Ne Goofatho doona timirtte tamaaranaw de7iya garssa denddetethinne koshsha dhayoy wurssetha muruuta bolla naaqo gathanaw dandda7ees” geetettiya qofan oyddu zaaranchat `Tuma`` gidi zaaridosona.attida nam77u zaaranchati loythi tuma gidosona. Ha markandoy Goofatho doona timirtte tamaaranaw de7iya garssa denddetethinne koshsha dhayoy wurssetha muruuta bolla naaqo gathanaw dandda7eyssa bessees. Oysha paydo heedza bolla”Tamaaronne tamarsso maxaafeti, Goofatho doonan giigida qabimaynne hara maade maxaafeta paccey ne wurssetha muruuta bolla naaqo gathanaw dandda7ees”geetettiya qofan ichashu zaaranchati ``Loythi tuma` gidi zaaridosona.Attida issi zaaranchay `Tuma` gidi zaaro immis.Hessape denddidayssan tamaareta maxaafeti, Goofatho doonan giigida qabimatinne hara maade maxaafeta paccey tamaareta wurssetha muruuta ziqqana mela gaaso gideyssa qonccisees. Oysha paydooydda bolla ``Ne yela asay, asttamaaretinne heera asay Goofatho doonaas immiya ziqqa bessay wurssetha muruuta dhubbanaw dandda7ees`` geetettiya qofan usuppun tamaareti ``Loythi tuma `` gidi zaaro immidosona.Ha markandoy tamaareta yela asay, asttamaaretinne heera asay Goofatho doonaas immiya ziqqa bessay wurssetha muruuta dhubbanaw dandda7eyssa qonccisees. Oysha paydoichasha bolla ``Asttamaareti kifile giddon go7ettiya tamarsso hiillay ne wurssetha muruuta bolla naaqo gathanaw dandda7ees`` geetettiya qofan oyddo zaaranchati Loythi tuma gidosona. Atti nam77u zaaranchati ``Tuma`` gidosona.Hessape denddidayssan asttamaarey kifile giddon go7ettiya tamarsso hiillay tamaareta wurssetha muruuta bolla naaqo gathanaw dandda7eyssa qonccisees. Oysha paydo usuppuna bolla ``Ne tamaarashe gidin paace wode Goofatho doona qawosa go7etetha akeeka dhayoy ne wurssetha muruutay ziqqanaadan udees` giya oyshan nam77u zaaranchati `Loythi tuma` gidi zaaridosona. Nam77u zaaranchati ``Tuma`` gidi zaaridosona.Qassi attida nam77u zaarachati worddo gidi zaaro immidosona. Hessape denddidayssan tamaareti tamaarashe gidin paace wode Goofatho doona qawosa go7etetha akeeka dhayoy ne wurssetha muruutay ziqqanaadan udeyssa qonccisees.
- 33. 33 Oysha paydo laappunabolla``Goofatho doona tamarssiya asttamaareti; he kifile dethan koshshiya loohiso ekkonnayssape denddidayssan wurssetha muruuta bolla dhube gidanaw dandda7ees`` geetettiya qofan heedzu(50%) zaaranchati ``Loythi tuma`` gidosona. Qassi nam77u zaaranchti ``Tuma`` gidi zaaro immidosona. Attida issi(16.7%) zaaranchay ``Daro worddo`` gidi zaaruwa immis.Hessape denddidayssan Goofatho doona tamarssiya asttamaareti; he kifile dethan koshshiya loohiso ekkonnayssape denddidayssan wurssetha muruuta bolla dhube gidanaw dandda7ees. Kaallidi pilgganchaytamaareta muruuta ziqqatethaas gaaso gidiya oyshata issi Goofatho doona asttamaariyasinne timirtte keetha kaappotas shiishin kaalliya zaaruwa immis. Hessika qaala oyshan isso bolla “tamaareti Goofatho doona timirttiya bolla de7iya daabura xeeloy wurssetha muruutay ziqqa gidana mela gaaso gidanaw dandda7eesgeetettiya oyshan issi (100%) asttamaareynne 2(100%) kaappoti “ loythi tuma``. Gdosona..Hessi markandoy besseyssi tamaareti Goofatho doona timirttiya bolla de7iya daabura xeeloy wurssetha muruutay ziqqa gidana mela gaaso gidanaw dandda7eyssa qonccisees. Oysha nam77a bolla “Tamaaretas garssa denddetethinne koshsha dhayoy wurssetha muruuta bolla naaqo gathanaw dandda7ees” geetettiya qofan kumetha (100%) asttamaareynne 2(100%) ``Tuma`` gidi zaaro immides.Hesspe denddidayssan Tamaaretas garssa denddetethinne koshsha dhayoy wurssetha muruuta bolla naaqo gathanaw dandda7eyssa qonccisees. Oysha paydo heedza bolla``Tamaarenne tamarsso maxaafeti , Goofatho doonan giigida qabimaynne hara maade maxaafeta paccey tamaareta wurssetha muruuta bolla naaqo gathanaw dandda7ees`` geetettiya oyshan issi (100%)asttamaareynne 2(100) zaarishe `Loythi tuma` gis. Hessi markandoy tamaarenne tamarsso maxaafeti , Goofatho doonan giigida qabimaynne hara maade maxaafeta paccey tamaareta wurssetha muruuta bolla naaqo gathanaw dandda7eyssa bessees. Oysha paydo heedzan ``Asttamaareti kifile giddon go7ettiya tamarsso hiillay tammareta wurssetha muruuta bolla naaqo gathanaw dandda7ees`` geetettiya qofanissi(100%) asttamaareynne nam77u(100%) kaappoti “loythi tumma” gidi zaaro immidosona. Ha
- 34. 34 markkandoy asttamaareti kifilegiddon go7ettiya tamarsso hiillay tammareta wurssetha muruuta bolla naaqo gathanaw dandda7eyssa bessees. Pilgganchay qaala oyshan timirtte keetha kaappotas “Tamarssiya asttamaareti he kifile dethan koshshiya loohiso ekkonnayssape denddidayssan wurssetha muruuta bolla dhube gidanaw dandda7ees`` geetettiya qofan K01 ynne K02 zaarishe ``Loythi tuma`` gidosona.Gaasoykka issi asttamaarey pa loohida timirtten dhoqqa gidida eri de7ees. Daro wode Goofatho doona asttamaareti Inggiliizetho, Amaaratho doonanne gadetethanne asa kanddo timirtten loohida asttamaareti tamarssoosona.Hessi tamaareta muruuta dhubbanaw dandda7ees gidosona. Hessape denddidayssan pilgganchay xeelliya wode Goofatho doona asttamaareti Goofathon loohidayssata gidanaw bessoosona. Hayssappe qommo pilggetha oysha isso bolla dokumentte markkandoy “D” nne “F” 2009M.L 44.21% ziqqa muruuta demmidosona. Kaalidi 2010M.L 34.6% tamaareti Goofatho doona timirtten ziqqa muruuta demmidayssa bessees. Qassi 2011M.L koyro semisttere Goofatho doona timirtte muruuta xeellishin 22.3% tamaaret 50% ziqqa muruuta ehidosona. Hessas gaasoy aybekko giya oysha pilgganchay Goofatho doona tamarssiya asttamaariyanne timirtte keetha kaappota la77a oysha denthidi oychin issi (100%) asttamaareynne nam77u(100%) kaalliya zaarota immidosona. Daro wode tamaareti Goofatho doonas immiya bessay ziqqa gideyssape, Goofatho doona tamaaranaw soo asaappe denddidi timirtte keetha detha gaso doonas immiya bessay keehippe ziqqa gideyssi, tamaareti Goofatho doona tamaaranaappe hara doonata tamaranaw de7iya koshshay (mallas: Amaaratho doona loythi dosoosona. Gaasoykka Amaaratho haasayanaw de7iya koshshay gita gidiya gishossa), Haray he kifile dethan loohida asttamaarey de7onna gisho garssa dethan tamarssiya asttamaarey tamarssishe gam77is.tamaaretas Goofatho doona tamaaranaw koshshay de7enna, tamaareta yela asaykka soon nayti Goofatho nabbabiya wode boreninne toshen nayta nabbabisonnayssi, asttamaaretas woden woden abbe gidana geetetti qopettiya qantha loohisoti de7onnayssi, Goofatho doonan loohida asttamaare(digire asttamaare) paccey, Goofatho doona qabimay daro bagga kushey Inggiliizethoppenne
- 35. 35 Amaaratho doonaappe duuqettidaysibirshshetha metoy de7eeyssape denddidayssan,tamaaretas koshsiya keena Goofatho doona maxaafeti wodera gakkonnayssinne h.h.mgaasota gidoosona. Hayssape kaallidi pilgganchay cuga giddoyida tobban tobbanchati qaala oyshas shiiqida 6 tamaaretanne bessindo dethan ekettida tamaaretappe 6 tamaareti kumethan 12 yaratara Goofatho Doona timirtte wurssetha muruutay ziqqana mela udida gaasota bolla denthida tobbanoyshan isso bolla ``Hintte kifilen tamaaretas Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruutay ziqqa gidana mela tamaaretara gahettida gaasoy de7ii? Aybee?`` geetettiya tobba oysha kaalliya hanotan zaaridosona.kumethantobbanchati zaarishe: ``Ee de7ees. Hessika tamaaretas de7iya garssa denddetetha paccey , Goofatho doona hara doonaappe ziqqi udidi xeelo, doonaa tamaarada ta awa gakkane giya bala qofa, Goofathos nibaabe koshshenna gidi leqisidi xeeloy, doona billida doona gidiya gisho tamaaranaw koshshenna gishe kifile wodetan pantta buzo allallen peshshay, paace wode nabbabonna utethay tamaaretara gahettida gaaso gidanaw dandda7ees Hessape denddidayssan kifilen tamaaretas Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruutay ziqqa gidana mela tamaaretara gahettida gaasoytamaaretas de7iya garssa denddetetha paccey , Goofatho doona hara doonaappe ziqqi udidi xeelleeyssi, Goofatho doonaa tamaarada ta awa gakkane giya bala qofa, Goofathos nibaabe koshshenna gidi leqisidi xeeloy, doona billida doona gidiya gisho tamaaranaw koshshenna gishe kifile wodetan pantta buzo allallen peshshay, paace wode nabbabonna utethay tamaaretara gahettida gaaso gidanaw dandda7eesde7eyssa qonccisees. Oysha paydo nam77a bolla ``Goofatho doona timirtte tamaarishin muruutay ziqqa gidana mela aybi dhubbees gidees gidi qoppeetii?`` geetettiya tobba oyshan:Unddenna tobbanchati zaarishe:kaalliya qofaa immidosona. Goofatho doona tamaarishin dhubbiyabati maaxaafe paccey, issoy issoy doona leqisisdi cuga oosotan oothonnayssi, ooratha qaalata billanaw qabima pacceynneasttamaare tamarsso hiillay dhubbanaw dandda7ees. Gidosona
- 36. 36 Tobba oysha heedzabolla `Goofatho doona timirtten tamaaronne tamarsso maxaafeta dhayoy tamaareta wurssetha muruuta dhubbanaw dandda7ii?Waanidi? Geetettiya oyshan kumetha tobbanchati zaarishe: kaalliya hanotan qonccisidosona. Hessika : tamaaretas koshshiya tamarsso gidin tamaaro maxaafeta dhayoy tamaareti kifilen immeetiya oosota, soo oosota, aaho oosota, nibaabeta ,kaalodata , .. meezetidi uttonna mela dhube giddees. Kumethan Goofatho doona timirttiya bolla de7iya daabura xeeloy wurssetha muruutay ziqqa gidana mela gaaso gidees ,tamaaretasGoofatho doona timirtte tamaaranaw de7iya garssa denddetethinne koshsha dhayoy,tamaareta yela asay,asttamaaretinne heera asay Goofatho doonaas immiya ziqqa bessay,asttamaarey kifile giddon go7ettiya tamarsso hiillay,tamaareti tamaarashe gidin paace wode Goofatho doona qawosa go7etetha akeeka dhayoy,Goofatho doona tamarssiya asttamaareti; he kifile dethan koshshiya loohiso ekkonnayssape denddidayssan,tamaarenne tamarsso maxaafeti , Goofatho doonan giigida qabimaynne hara maade maxaafeta paccey,tamaaretas Goofatho doona timirttiya bolla de7iya daabura xeeloy,Goofatho doonaa tamaarada ta awa gakkane giya bala qofa, Goofatho doonaasnibaabe koshshenna gidi leqisidi xeeloy, doona billida doona gidiya gisho tamaaranaw koshshenna gishe kifile wodetan pantta buzo allallen peshshay, paace wode nabbabonna paacen utethay tamaareta Goofatho doona timirtten wurssetha muruutay ziqqa gidanaadan oothida gaasota gidoosona. 4.2.3. Pilggetha Oysha 3 Bolla Tammantho Kifile Tamaareta Goofatho Doona Timirtten Wurssetha Muruuta Ziqqatethay Goofatho Doonaa TimirttiyaBolla Gathiya Naaqotara Gahettida Oyshata zaaruwa Hayssape kaallidi qaala oyshan shiiqida markandota paatetha gidishin oysha paydo isso bolla : ``Ne Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruutay ziqqa gidiyaakko Goofatho doona timirtte bolla naaqo gathees gada qoppay? Waanidigeetettiya oyshan T01:T02:T03,T04nneT06gishe: ``Ee `` gidi zaaro immidosona.Gaasoykka tamaaretas Goofatho doona timirtte muruutay ziqqa gidikko doona tamaaranaw denddetethi medhettenna, dooaa leqisidi
- 37. 37 xeello doomoosona, doonaatimirtte dicha bollaka gita gidida meto /dhube gidanaw dandda7ees. T05 zaarishe: `Tuma`.Gaasoykka tamaaretas muruutay ziqqi giikko Goofatho doona denddetethan sinthape tamaaronna mela dhube gidees. Hessape denddidayssan tamaaretas Goofatho doona timirtte muruutay ziqqa gideyssi tamaaret muruuta bolla naaqo gathees giya qofaa oythees. Tamaaretas Goofatho doona tamaaranaw de7iya koshshaa bolla giigida la77a oysha paydo 1. Bolla “ Nees Goofatho doona timirtte tamaaranaw de7iya garssa koshshay ay aazii? geetettiya oyshan T01,T04 T05nne T06 zaarishe: Goofatho doonaa tamaaranaw de7iya koshshay keehippe de7esishin daro wode Goofatho doon224a asttamaareti tamarssanaw de7iya koshshay ziqqa gideyssi, qaabimatine markka maxaafeti baynnassappe denddidayssan dol77ana mela udis gidosona. T02ynne T03 zaarishe lo77o gidosona. Hessape denddidayssan tamaaretas Goofatho doona timirtte tamaaranaw de7iya garssa koshshay dol77a gideyssa qonccisees. Tamaareta Goofatho doona muruuta bolla gathiya naaqora gahettidi giigida la77a oyshan Oysho Paydo 2. Bolla “ Goofatho doona timirtte tamaaranaw koshshay ziqqa gidikko Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruuta bolla gathiyanaaqo gathanawdandda7ees gada qoppay? Waanidi?Geetettiya oyshan : T01:T02:T03,T04nneT06, “Ee”.Dandda7ees. Gita naaqo gathees. Gaasoykka Goofatho doona timirtte muruutay ziqqa gidanaw dandda7ees, tamareti koshshiya muruuta ehonna mela gita dhube gidanaw dandda7ees” gidi zaaridosona.
- 38. 38 T05: Akkay Dandda7ennagadazaaro immasu. Hessape denddidayssan tamaareti Goofatho doona timirtte tamaaranaw koshshay ziqqa gidikko Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruuta bolla gathiyanaaqo gathanawdandda7eyssa bessees. Kaallidi cuga giddoyida tobba oysha ``Tamaaretas Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruutay ziqqa gideyssi Goofatho doona timirttiya bolla naaqo gathees gidi qoppeeti? Waanidi? Geetettiya tobba oyshan:kumetha tobbanchati zaarishe: ``Ee gathees``. Gaasoykkadaro bagga tamaareti Goofatho doona tamaaranaappe haraa tamaarana koshshay medhettees. Goofatho timirtte wodeta salambbedarisidi timirtte kaallonnadan udanaw dandda7ees. Hessape denddidayssantamaaretas Goofatho doona timirtten muruutay ziqqa gideyssi Goofatho doona timirttiya bolla gita naaqo gathanaw dandda7eyssa qonccisees. 4.3.Pilggetha Demota Pilgganchay ha pilggethas bertte qoppobaGoofa zoonenDembba Goofa woradan Mishkkare 2tho detha timirtte keethan 10tho kifile tamaareta Goofatho doona timirtten wurssetha muruuta ziqqatetha gaasota xomoosanaas dendidi heedzu bertte gidiya markkando shhisho hiillata go7ettis. He go7ettidi shiishida markkanduwa hayssape qommo 4.1 bolla paatethi immis. Ha markanduwa paatethaappe demmida mela tamaaretas Goofatho doona muruuta yigethan kaalliya demoti baaso gidoosona. Hessikka: I. Dokumentte markkando paatethan “D” nne “F” 2009M.L 44.21% ziqqa muruuta demmidosona. II. Kaalidi 2010M.L 34.6% tamaareti Goofatho doona timirtten ziqqa muruuta demmidayssa bessees.
- 39. 39 III. Qassi 2011M.Lkoyro semisttere Goofatho doona timirtte muruuta xeellishin 22.3% tamaaret 50% ziqqa muruuta ehidosona. Hessi tamaareti pantta koyro doona gidida Goofatho timirttes immiya bessay daro ziqqa gideyssanne bessonna muruuta gideyssa qonccisees. IV. Haray daro bagga tamaareti Goofatho doona muruutay iita/ ziqqa gideyssa mallidosona. Pilgganchay qommpe demuwaappe denddidi tamaaretas Goofatho doona timirtten wurssetha muruuta ziqqatetha gaasota wochi xeellin hayssape kaallidi qonccida demota bessee. Hessatikka: 1. Tamaaretas Goofatho doona tamaaranaw koshshay de7ennayssa bessees. 2. Tamaareta yela asaykka soon nayti Goofatho nabbabiya wode boreninne toshen nayta nabbabisonnayssi dhube gidis. 3. Asttamaaretas woden woden abbe gidana geetetti qopettiya qantha loohisoti de7onnayssi meto gidis. 4. Goofatho doonan loohida asttamaare(digire asttamaare) paccey ziqqatetha dhube gidis. 5. Goofatho doona qabimay daro bagga kushey Inggiliizethoppenne Amaaratho doonaappe duuqettidaysi birshshetha metoy de7eeyssape denddidayssan gidees. 6. Tamaaretas koshsiya keena Goofatho doona maxaafeti wodera gakkonnayssape denddidayssan gidis. 7. Haasayan go7ettiya doonaaranne timirtten tamaarettiya doonata giddon de7iya saynisiya shaakki ero paccey de7ees. 8. Daro tamaareti Amaaratho doona tamaaranaw de7iya koshshaappe denddidayssan gideyssa qonccisees. Hayssape qonmmon qoncida gaasoti Goofatho doona timirttiya bolla gathiya naaqoy: Tamaareti Goofatho doona timirttiya bolla akayta xeeloy medhettees, Tamaaranaw denddetethi medhettenna, Doonaa timirtte dicha bollaka gita gidida meto /dhube gidanaw dandda7ees Tamareti koshshiya muruuta ehonna mela ootheyssi
- 40. 40 Doona leqisixeellanaadan udees Daro bagga tamaareti Goofatho doona tamaaranaappe haraa tamaarana koshshay medhettees. Goofatho timirtte wodeta salambbe darisidi timirtte kaallonnadan udanaw dandda7ees.
- 41. 41 SHEMPPO ICHCHSHA KUUYETHANNE OGEBESO 5.1. Kuuyetha Ha Pilggethas bertte qoppobay Goofa zoonen Dembba Goofa woradan Mishkkare 2tho detha timirtte keethan 10tho kifile tamaareta Goofatho doona timirtten wurssetha muruuta ziqqatetha gaasota xomoosossa. Ha bertte qoppoba garssan pilgeetha poluwan zaaro demmana geetettidi qopettida heedzu sima qoppobati de7oosona. Hessatikka:Koyroy 10tho kifile tamaareta Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruuta hanota yiggi xeellanaassa.Nam77anthoy 10tho kifile tamaareta Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruuta ziqqatetha gaasota xomoosanaassa.Heedzanthoy 10tho kifile tamaareta Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruuta ziqqatetha gaasoti Goofatho doona timirttiya bolla gathiya naaqota sexi/wochi xeellanaassa. Pilggethay oosettiday Mishkkare 2tho detha timirtte keethan gidishin ha pilggethaas gizzettida wodiya issi laytha giddon polettiyaba gidishin pilgganchay xurqqafo xeelosinne dumma dumma pilggethaas haniya markkandota tamaaretappe, asttamaareppenne timirtte keetha berttenne sima kaappotappe shiishis.Ha pilggethaas markando shiishanaw qaala oysha, cuga giddoyida tobbanne dokumentte go7ettis. Ha Piggetha qoppoba polanaw koyishe qaalaninne paydon qoncciso pilggetha medho go7ettis. Ha hiillay doorettida gaasoy qoppoba baasoyiya wode tamaareta Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruuta hanota yiggi xeellanaassa giya qoppobas dokumentte xeelo koshshis. Tamaareta Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruuta ziqqatetha gaasota xomoosanaassinne tamaareta Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruuta ziqqatetha gaasota Goofatho doona timirttiya bolla gathiya naaqota sexi/wochi xeelloti polettis.hayssa gaason polettida berttenne sima oosota giddon markando paatethi gidees. Ha paatetha gaason demettida zaaroy 2009nne 2010 M.L tammantho kifile Goofatho doona wurssetha muruuta xeellishin ,2009M.L “D” demmida tamaareti 99(27.88%), “F” demmida tamaareti 58(16.33%) gidoosona.qassi 2010M.L“D” demmida tamareti 80(23.46%),” F” demmida tamaareti 38(11.14%)
- 42. 42 gidoosona.gujan 2011 M.Lkoyro semisttere muruuta xeellishin 22.3% tamaareti 50pe ziqqa gidiya muruuta Goofatho doona timirtten ehidosona. Ha wurssetha muruuta ziqqatethasinne he ziqqatethay Goofatho doona timirttiya bolla gathiya naaqoy gita gideyssa pilggetha demoy qonccisees.Hessika : Tamaaretas Goofatho doona tamaaranaw koshshay de7ennayssi, Tamaareta yela asaykka soon nayti Goofatho nabbabiya wode boreninne toshen nayta nabbabisonnayssi, Asttamaaretas woden woden abbe gidana geetetti qopettiya qantha loohisoti de7onnayssi, Goofatho doonan loohida asttamaare(digire asttamaare) paccey, h.h.m gaasota gideyssa qaala oyshaninne cuga tobbanppe beettida markkandoti bessoosos. 5.2. Oge Beso Pilgganchay ha pilggetha demotappenne kuuyetha qofaappe denddidi koshshiya kifiletas woykko gishaaddetas sinthape hanettanaw bessiya zore kaallidi qonccida ogen immees. Hessikka : Tamaareti: Goofatho doona timirtte bolla de7iya bala xeelota denthidi doonay buroo dicha bolla de7eyssa akeekan gelisidi timirtte keethan gidin Karen geetettiya bala qofata diggidi tamaaranaw imettida wode bonchon timirttiya kaallanaw bessoosona. Goofatho doona timirttiya hara doona timirttetara geeddaro oosoti bala gidiya gishaw dooni ubbi ginanne kumethi giya saynise qofaa ma77idi wudatetha timirttiya kaalon dhoqqa murruta ehanaw koshshoosona. Goofatho doona timirttiya haasayan go7ettiya doona udidi qofon dumma dumma kifile giddo oosotas gidin paacetas nabbabonna aggiya hanota /kandduwa denthanaw bessoosona. Asttamaareti: Goofatho doona timirttiyan tamaaretas de7iya xeeluwa suurekko laammiya oosota polanaw bessoosona. Doona bolla panttaw de7iya daabura xeelota tamaaretas qoncce udanaw bessenna. Goofatho doona timirttiyas imettida kifile wodeta saley baynna go7ettanaw bessoosona.
- 43. 43 Goofatho doonanxaafettida/giigida qabima koshshiya sayinise ogen bornnashidi deretetha wogaa akeekidi tamarsso koshshees. Tamaareta Goofatho doona timirttera kifileta kifiletara gidin hara timirtte keethatara geeddaro oosota oothanaw bessees. Timirtte keethay: Goofatho doona timirtten giigida dumma dumma maxaafeta , mexeeteta, qanthanne adussa medh-darssota, qantha xuufeta (birooshereta), h.h.melabata koyidi tamaaretas shiisho koshshees. Goofatho doona timirttes saaminttan imettida issi kifile wodiya hara doonatas saaminttan imettiya heedzu kifile wodiyakko dhoqqu udiyaakko daro lo77o. Timirtte keethay Goofatho doona bolla dumma dumma kaha laammiya qantha loohisota timirtte keetha dethan giigisidi tamaaretas immiya gita made gidana. Yela asaynne harati: o “Goofatho doonay awa gakkane” giya beni gal77a xeeluwa denthidi pa oonatethan ammanetethi medhdhanaw bessoosona. o Doona leqisi xeellidi tamaareti doona bolla haasayiya wodenne nabbabiya wode boreyssanne tosheyssa agganaw bessees. Gaasoykka issi asi pa doona leqisi xeelliyaba gidikko panatethan de7iya ammanetetha dethay ziqqa gideyssa bessiya gishossa. Kumethan tamaaretas Goofatho doona timirtte wursetha muruuta ziqqatethaas gasoti tamaaretappe bidi gade detha gakkanaw gathiya qohoti gita gidiya gishas Goofatho doona timirttey oonatetha qonccisoppe aadhdhidi pilggetha doona gidana gakkanaw kushettidi dichanaw bessees.
- 44. 44 Markka Maxaafeta አበባ ሁሴን፡፡(2000) (እ.ኢ.አ.)፡፡የ10ኛክፍልአጠቃላይ፪ኛደረጃትምህርትማጠናቀቂያ የአማርኛቋንቋፈተናበመማር-ማስተማርላይየሚያስከትለውተጽዕኖ፡፡ባህርዳር ዩንቨርሲቲ፤የ፪ኛዲግሪመሟያ፣ያልታተመ፡፡ Ali1, S. Haider, Z., Munir1, F. Khan, H. & Ahmed, A. (2013).Factors Contributing to the Students’ Academic Performance. A case study of Islamia University, Sub- Campus.Science and Education Journal. Anderson. L.W. Krathwohl. D.R. (Eds.) 2001. A Taxonomy for Learning,Teaching& Assessing; A revisen of Bloom`s Taxonomy ofEducational Objectives; Coplete Edition.New yeork: Longman. Creswell, J. W. (1998). Five qualitative traditions on inquiry.London Sage Publication Douglas, D. (2010). Understanding Language Testing. Hodder Education; UK Gray, S. (2009). Doing Researchin a real world.Sege Publications Low Academic Achievement: Causes and Results.Samer M. Al-Zoubi Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Arts and Educational Sciences, Ajloun National University, Jordan. Grouland, N.E 1986. Measurement and Evaluation in Teaching. New York:Macmillan. Hughes, A. 2003.Testing for Language Teachers. Second editon.Cambridge: Jamillah H. Maganga (2016). Factors Affecting Students’ Academic Performance: A case study of puplic Secondary Schools In Ilala District, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania Jazmawi, A. (2008). Underachievement and Low Success Rate of Jordanian Students in Secondary Schools, Home Economics. Arab Open University, Jordan Malekela, G. (2004). Performance in the Certificate of Secondary Education Examination.Tanzania. Mahmood, H. A. (2008). Factors Contributing to Academic Performance of Students in a Tertiary Institution. Singapore. Mary Atanas Mosha (2014) .Factors Affecting Students’ Performance in English Languagein Zanzibar Rural and Urban Secondary Schools.Faculty of EducationUniversity of Bagamoyo,Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaJournal of Education
- 45. 45 Mhehe, G. E.(2002). Women’s enrolment and participation issues at the Open University of Tanzania. Unpublished PhD thesis, Albata University. Mikaye, D. O. (2012).Influence of Guidance and Counselling on Student’s Mosha, H. (2014). New directions in teacher education for quality improvement in Africa. Paper in Education Development.
- 46. 46 Guja qoncciso I.TamaaretasShiiqida Qaala ARBBA MINCCE YUNBBEERESTTE DERETETHA SAYNSSENNE ASA ALLALLIYA KOLLOOJE TOPHPHIYA DOONATANNE BILA XUUFE MACARAN GOOFATHODOONA TIMIRTTE KIFILE Dembba Goofa woradan Zangga Mishkkare 2tho detha timirtte keethan 10tho kifile tamaaretas shiiqiya qaala oyshata. Bonchetida tamaareto! Ubbabappe koyrottada oyshota zaaranaw eenotethas keehippe galatays. Ha qaala oyshas qoppobay pilgganchay Zangga Mishkkare 2tho detha timirtte keethan 10tho kifile tamaareta goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruuta ziqqatetha dhubeta xomoosanaas gidishi,ha koyro digire kuntho haggazuwas kanche pee7iyaba gidiya gisho immiya markkandoti tuma bolla baaso gidana mela bonchchuwan akeekisays. Ne zaaro xuuray naagettees. I. Buzo Markando A. Mattumatetha: Adde macci B. Yeleta Laytha : 14- 16 17 - 20 21- 24 25 heesape bolla C. Kifile dethay: …………………………………….
- 47. 47 II. Kaalliya OyshotasSuure Zaaro Immite 1. Nees Goofatho doona timirtte muruutay ay aazii? Lo77o? iitee? Waanidi? 2.Ne Goofatho doona timirtte tamaaranaw koshshay ziqqa gidikko Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruuta bolla gathiya naaqoy de7ees gada qoppay? Waanidi ? 2. Goofatho doona timirtten tamaaronne tamarsso maxaafeta dhayoy ne wurssetha muruuta aymela dhubbanaw dandda7ii? Waanidi?. 3. Ne Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruutay ziqqa gidiyaakko Goofatho doona timirtte bolla de7iya suure xeeluwa bolla naaqo gathees gada qoppay? Waanidi? III. Kaallidi 1-7 Gaso Zaran Qonccida Oyshotas Ne Suure Gada Qoppida Zaaruwa Doorada Oda Oyshoti issoy issoy pa garssan ichashu doorota oyqqis. Ne oysha qofaa loythada hayziya wode qofay kumethi suure gada ekkiko “loythi tuma”; qofan tuma baggay dariyaba gidikko “Tuma”; daro baggay worddo gidikko “Daro worddo”; worddo gidikko “Worddo”; gada zaaro qaalan oda. Doorotas imettidda gate qoncciso. 4=Loythi Tuma 3= Tuma 2=Daro Worddo 1=Worddo P.M . Qofata Doorota 4 3 2 1
- 48. 48 1 Goofatho doonatimirttiya bolla de7iya daabura xeeloy wurssetha muruutay ziqqa gidana mela gaaso gidanaw dandda7ees 2 Ne Goofatho doona timirtte tamaaranaw de7iya garssa denddetethinne koshsha dhayoy wurssetha muruuta bolla naaqo gathanaw dandda7ees 3 Tamaaronne tamarsso maxaafeti, Goofatho doonan giigida qabimaynne hara maade maxaafeta paccey ne wurssetha muruuta bolla naaqo gathanaw dandda7ees 4 Ne yela asay, asttamaaretinne heera asay Goofatho doonaas immiya ziqqa bessay wurssetha muruuta dhubbanaw dandda7ees 5 Asttamaareti kifile giddon go7ettiya tamarsso hiillay ne wurssetha muruuta bolla naaqo gathanaw dandda7ees 6 Ne tamaarashe gidin paace wode Goofatho doona qawosa go7etetha akeeka dhayoy ne wurssetha muruutay ziqqanaadan udees 7 Goofatho doona tamarssiya asttamaareti; he kifile dethan koshshiya loohiso ekkonnayssape denddidayssan wurssetha muruuta bolla dhube gidanaw dandda7ees
- 49. 49 Guja qoncciso IIAsttamaaretas Shiiqiya Qaala Oyshata ARBBA MINCCE YUNBBEERESTTE DERETETHA SAYNSSENNE ASA ALLALLIYA KOLLOOJE TOPHPHIYA DOONATANNE BILA XUUFE MACARAN GOOFATHO DOONA TIMIRTTE KIFILE Dembba Goofa Woradan Zangga Mishkkare 2tho Detha Timirtte Keethan 10tho Kifile Goofatho Doona Tamarssiya Asttamaaretas Shiiqiya Qaala Oyshata. Bonchetida asttamaariyantto! Ubbabappe koyrottada oyshota zaaranaw eenotethas keehippe galatays. Ha qaala oyshas qoppobay pilgganchay Zangga Mishkkare 2tho detha timirtte keethan 10tho kifile tamaareta goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruuta ziqqatetha dhubeta xomoosanaas gidishi,ha koyro digire kuntho haggazuwas kanche pee7iyaba gidiya gisho immiya markkandoti tuma bolla baaso gidana mela bonchchuwan akeekisays. Ne zaaro xuuray naagettees. I. Buzo Markando 1. Mattumatetha: Adde Macci 2. Yeleta Laytha : 3. Ooso Hanotay 3.1.Tamarsso: 3.1.1. Loohida Timirtte Qommoy : Goofatho Amaaratho Inggilizetho Haraa
- 50. 50 3.1.2. Tamarssiya TimirtteQommoy:Goofatho Amaaratho Inggilizetho Haraa 3.1.3. Tamarsson gam77ida laytha 3.1.4. Tamarssiya Kifile Dethay II. Kaallidi 1-4 Gaso Zaran Qonccida Oyshotas Ne Suure Gada Qoppida Zaaruwa Doorada Oda Oyshoti issoy issoy pa garssan ichashu doorora oyqqis. Ne oysha qofaa loythada hayziya wode qofay kumethi suure gada ekkiko “loythi tuma”; qofan tuma baggay dariyaba gidikko “Tuma”; daro baggay worddo gidikko “Daro worddo”; worddo gidikko “Worddo”; gada zaaro qaalan oda. Doorotas imettidda gate qoncciso. 4= Loythi Tuma 3= Tuma 2=Daro Worddo 1=Worddo P.M . Qofata Doorota 4 3 2 1 1 Tamaareti Goofatho doona timirttiya bolla de7iya daabura xeeloy wurssetha muruutay ziqqa gidana mela gaaso gidanaw dandda7ees 2 Tamaaretas garssa denddetethinne koshsha dhayoy wurssetha muruuta bolla naaqo gathanaw dandda7ees 3 Tamaarenne tamarsso maxaafeti , Goofatho doonan giigida qabimaynne hara maade maxaafeta paccey tamaareta wurssetha muruuta bolla naaqo gathanaw dandda7ees 4 Tamaareta yela asay, asttamaaretinne heera asaay Goofatho doonaas
- 51. 51 immiya ziqqa bessaywurssetha muruuta dhubbanaw dandda7ees
- 52. 52 Guja qoncciso:III TimirtteKeetha Kaappotas Shiiqiya Qaala Oyshata ARBBA MINCCE YUNBBEERESTTE DERETETHA SAYNSSENNE ASA ALLALLIYA KOLLOOJE TOPHPHIYA DOONATANNE BILA XUUFE MACARAN GOOFATHODOONA TIMIRTTE KIFILE Dembba Goofa Woradan Zangga Mishkkare 2tho Detha Timirtte Keethan 10tho Kifile Timirtte Keetha Kaappotas Shiiqiya Qaala Oyshata. Bonchetida timirtte keetha kaappontto! Ubbabappe koyrottada oyshota zaaranaw eenotethas keehippe galatays. Ha qaala oyshas qoppobay pilgganchay Zangga Mishkkare 2tho detha timirtte keethan 10tho kifile tamaareta goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruuta ziqqatetha dhubeta xomoosanaas gidishi,ha koyro digire kuntho haggazuwas kanche pee7iyaba gidiya gisho immiya markkandoti tuma bolla baaso gidana mela bonchchuwan akeekisays. Ne zaaro xuuray naagettees. III. Buzo Markando 1. Mattumatetha: Adde Macci 2. Yeleta Laytha : 3. Ooso Hanotay A. Timirtte Keetha Kaappo: i. Loohida Timirtte Qommoy : ii. Kaappo Gidida Timirtte keethay: iii. Oothida Laythay :
- 53. 53 I. Kaallidi 1-7Gaso Zaran Qonccida Oyshotas Ne Suure Gada Qoppida Zaaruwa Doorada Oda Oyshoti issoy issoy pa garssan ichashu doorora oyqqis. Ne oysha qofaa loythada hayziya wode qofay kumethi suure gada ekkiko “loythi tuma”; qofan tuma baggay dariyaba gidikko “Tuma”; daro baggay worddo gidikko “Daro worddo”; worddo gidikko “Worddo”; gada zaaro qaalan oda. Doorotas imettidda gate qoncciso. 4= Loythi Tuma 3= Tuma 2=Daro Worddo 1=Worddo P.M . Qofata Doorota 4 3 2 1 1 Tamaareta yela asay, asttamaaretinne heera asaay Goofatho doonaas immiya ziqqa bessay wurssetha muruuta dhubbanaw dandda7ees 2 Asttamaareti kifile giddon go7ettiya tamarsso hiillay tammareta wurssetha muruuta bolla naaqo gathanaw dandda7ees 3 Tamarssiya asttamaareti he kifile dethan koshshiya loohiso ekkonnayssape denddidayssan wurssetha muruuta bolla dhube gidanaw dandda7ees
- 54. 54 Guja Qoncciso:IV. CugaGiddoyida TobbaOyshata ARBBA MINCCE YUNBBEERESTTE DERETETHA SAYNSSENNE ASA ALLALLIYA KOLLOOJE TOPHPHIYA DOONATANNE BILA XUUFE MACARAN GOOFATHO DOONA TIMIRTTE KIFILE . Cuga giddoyida tobba oyshata 1. Hinttes Goofatho doona timirtte aadhdhida wurssetha muruutay ay aazi/ misatii? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Hinttes Goofatho doona timirtte tamaaranaw de7iya garssa koshshay ay aazii? He koshshay wurssetha muruuta bolla gathiya eenotaynne akkaytay ay aazi? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Hintte Goofatho doona timirtte tamaarishin muruutay ziqqa gidana mela aybi dhubbees gidi qoppeetii? 4. Hintte Goofatho doona timirtten tamaaronne tamarsso maxaafeta dhayoy tamaareta wurssetha muruuta dhubbanaw dandda7ii? Waanidi? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. Hintte tamaaretas Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruutay ziqqa gideyssi Goofatho doona bolla de7iya suure xeeluwa bolla naaqo gathees gidi qoppeeti? Waanidi? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. Hintte kifilen ay mela tamaareti Goofatho doona timirtte tamaaranaw suuketii? Daro bagga tamaarete woy guuthatee? Aybas? qanthan paatethi immite. …………………………………………………………………………………………
- 55. 55 7. Hintte kifilentamaaretas Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruutay ziqqa gidana mela tamaaretara gahettida gaasoy de7ii? Aybee?
- 56. 56 Guja Qoncciso V.Dokumentte Markando ARBBA MINCCE YUNBBEERESTTE DERETETHA SAYNSSENNE ASA ALLALLIYA KOLLOOJE TOPHPHIYA DOONATANNE BILA XUUFE MACARAN GOOFATHODOONA TIMIRTTE KIFILE 10tho kifile tamaareta Goofatho doona timirtte wurssetha muruuta paatetha 2009 M.L P.M Kifile detha “A “demmida tamaare “B” demmida tamaare “C”demmida tamaare “D” demmida tamaare “F” demmida tamaare Kumethan A M G A M G A M G A M G A M G A M G 2010 M.L P.M Kifile detha “A “demmida tamaare “B” demmida tamaare “C”demmida tamaare “D” demmida tamaare “F” demmida tamaare Kumethan A M G A M G A M G A M G A M G A M G 2011 M.Lkoyro semisttere kifile detha muruuta P.M Kifile detha 50pe ziqqa 51-75% 76-85% 86-90% 91-10% kumethn Qooda % Qooda % Qooda % Qooda % Qooda % Qooda %
- 57.