1. Goofa tradition involves understanding the relationship between people and their environment through haasaya (indigenous knowledge). Haasaya is passed down orally between generations and involves observing nature and adapting practices accordingly. 2. Haasaya includes knowledge about plants, animals, weather patterns, and other aspects of the local environment. Elders teach younger generations how to sustainably use resources based on this knowledge. 3. Scholars argue that maintaining intergenerational transmission of haasaya is important for preserving cultural identity and promoting environmental stewardship.

1. 1
SHEMPPO ISSO
GELO
Asa na7i ha alamen duussi doomidappe simmin dumma dumma ogetan gahettishenne qofa
laamerettishe aadhdhis. Dooni geeyidi erettanappe koyro kooshettaninne malaatatan
gahettishe aadhdhidayssi qoncce.
Asa na7i de7iya duussan asa na7atara gahettanawnne qofa laamerettanaw dosin ixxin doona
go7etethay attonnaba. Gidoppe attin, oona gida dooni coo yedan go7ettiyaaba gidonashin pa
woganne maara naagidi beyssi erettiyaaba.
Dooni pa gaathan oyddu hiillata waaxidi oykkees. Hessatikka: hayzo, xaafo, nabbabonne
haasaya gidishin ha hiillati qofa haa ekkanawnne gede immanaw keehidi koshshiyaabanne
attonaba. Qofa (kiita) haraas aathanaw maaddiya hiillati nam77a gidishin entikka haasayanne
xaafo geetettidi erettoosona. Hara baggara qassi qofa (kiita) haa ekkanaw maadeyssati :
nabbabonne sissi geetettidi shaakettoosona.
Hayssappe denddidayssan ha pilggethay asa nayti pantta qofa (kiita) haraas aathiya doona
hiillatappe issuwa gididayssa haasaya bolla wudayees.
1.1. Metuwa Esuwa
Haasayi oyddu doona hiillatappe issuwa gidishin qofa aathanawnne qonccisanaw maaddees.
Guussaykka, issi asi pa gaathan de7iya amuwa gidin xuura hara kifiletas kooshe sissidi kiita
aathiya hiillatappe issuwanne gallasa gallasa qaaxon keehidi go7ettiya doona hiilla.
Haasaya haasayoy muruuta giigiso mala gididi maaddees (Biraad, 1994; Barnnesinne Joys,
1997). Issi asa haasaya birshshethaynne medhoy go7ettiya doona bolla baaso oothees. Asati
gahettiya gahetethan pantta duussa meezeta, pantta heeraba qonccisanaw go7ettiya miishey
haasaya.
Haasayi doonan aadhdhiyaaba gididi goofinati, kooshey medhdhettiya kifileti: inxxarssi,
achchi, metershshi, hara bolla kifileta go7etethan medhdhettiyaaba (Barnnese,1997).

2. 2
Haasayanaw dosin ixxin kooshey koshshees; kooshey medhdhettanaada qassi dumma dumma
bolla kifileti koshshiyaaba gidiya gisho haasayi asa na7a bollara gahettidaba guussi.
Kooshen laamettiya doonas dosin ixxin issi hayziya asi de7anaw bessees. Nam77u asati woy
nam77uppe bolla gidida asati wolli qofa laamerettiya ogey gahetethi geetettidi erettees. Ha
gahetethaas go7ettiya doona hiillay haasaya geetettees (Biraaden, 1994).
Haasayi haasayettiyabas bertte hiilla (Beeyle, 1994). Asa na7i wolli qofa laamerettiyaabas,
kiita aathiyaabas berttey haasaya. Markkanddo laamerettiyaabas, qaala oyshotas, palamas,
qaala kabexatas, oyshettida oyshotas zaaro immanaw, qofa immanaw, atotethi oychchanaw,
doona timirtte kifile woden keehidi go7ettiya hiillay haasaya gideyssi qonccenne qoncce.
Kumethan xeelliya wode haasayi asa nayta gallasa gallasa duussan duuxanawnne
shaakettanaw dandda7onna oyddu doona hiillatappe issuwa. Gujjidikka, asa na7i de7ikko
haasayi de7ees; haasayi de7ikko asa na7i de7ees. Guussaykka asa na7inne haasayi issi
santtimes nam77u shaye guussi.
1.2. Metuwa Qoncciso
Makuriya, (2000) Amaaratho doonan oothida pilggethan haasaya dhubeta qonccisishe asa
nayta gaatha denddetetha pacceppe medhdhettiyaabanne besse imonna ixoppe denddidayssan
yiyaaba gishe pa pilggethan qonccisis.
Taammene, (1995) Inggilizatho doonan oothida pilggethaa bolla doona isson haasayanaw ays
tamaareti babbiyaakko qonccisishe nayti pantta aayotappenne aawatappe demmiya doonatan
haasayoy guuthees gidi qofiya gishonne hara asatan imettiya bessay guutha gididayssappe
denddidaysana doona isson haasayanaw koyokona gishe pa pilggetha oosuwan qonccisis.
Pilmmoona, (2005) Wolaytatho doonan oothida pilggethan doona isson tamaareti loythidi
haasayonaada udiya gaasotappe issoy asttamaareti nayti wallotethan haasayanaada qaada
imonayssappe denddidayssana gishe pa pilggethan qonccisis.
Gidoppe attin, pilgganchchay ha kaaran xeelliya xeeloy qommon qonccida pilgganchchata
qofappe dummattiya ogena. Qommon qonccida pilgganchchati Amaarathon,
Inggilizathoninne Wolaytathon gidiyaaba gidishin pilgganchchay Goofatho doonan ootheyssi

3. 3
keehippe dummayees; koyro pilggethati oosettiday Humbbon, Arbba Mincceninne Hawaasan
oosettidabanne ubbatikka kumetha issantho detha tamaareta bolla oosettidaba gidishin
pilgganchchay Sawla katamaninne dhoqqa nam77anthonne giigiso timirtte keethan de7iya
tamaareta bolla gideyssi keehidi dummayees. Hara baggara qassi koyro pilgganchchati
xeellida xeeloti tamaareta gaatha denddeteha bolla wudayiyaaba gidishin pilgganchchay
tamaareti pantta doonan haasayonaada dhube gidiyaabatanne beettiya pacceta kanthanawnne
waatidi ooson polane giya xeelon denddida gisho koyro pilggetha oosotappe keehidi
dummayees.
Gujjidikka, oona gida doonatas de7iya doona hiillay Goofatho doonaskka de7eyssi qonccenne
qoncce. Gidoppe attin gadeppe gaden, heerappe heeran de7iya go7etetha hanotay dumma
dumma gaasotappe denddidayssan dummatanaw dandda7ees.
Doona pilgganchcha Kaate Wullison, (1998) qonccisishe “Ha77i wode alame dethan doona
qaratetha xeelliya wode haasayasinne xaafos wudi imettibenna” yaagasu. Pilgganchchaykka
xeelliya wode haasayas imettida wuday keehippe guutha gidiya gisho gaasoy aybippe
denddidayssane giya guussan ha xinaatiyas denddis.
Goofatho doona xeelliya wode qofa qonccison gidin qofa ekon oona gida doonatara gina
moodettees. Gidoppe attin, qofa qoncciso bolla xeelliya wode tamaaretan ha hanotas wudi
imettiya aazenna; imettidakokka imettida keenay keehi guutha. Ha hanotas gaasoy aybekko
erana giya guussan pilgganchchay ha kaara dooridi xinaatiyas denddis.
Tamaareti haasayishe dumma dumma doonata walakidi haasayoosona. Goofatho doona
geeshshidi (tishshi) udidi haasayonnada teqe (dhube) gididay aybee? giya qofay pilgganchcha
kahan daro wodeppe simerettishe de7eyssappe denddidayssan ha xinaatiya polanaw denddis.
Kumethara xaaxi waaxi xeelliya wode ha kaaran pilggetha oothanaada denthethida hanotay
Goofatho doonan haasaya hiila dichchanawnne, tamaaretan, dumma dumma kawo ooso
keethatan doonas imettiya wuday guutha gididayssi ha xinaatiya xanna7anada pilgganchcha
denthethis.

4. 4
1.3. Xinaatiya Qoppoba
1.3.1. Bertte Qoppoba
Ha xinaatey tamaaretas Goofatho doona haasaya bolla de7iya metota shaakanassa.
1.3.2. Sima Qoppobata
1. Goofatho doona tishshi udidi haasayanaada oge mallanasa.
2. Haasaya metoy kiita bolla ehiya qoha xomoosanasa.
3. Tamaaretas Goofatho doonan haasayanaw de7iya gaatha denddetetha xeellanasa.
1.4. Pilggetha Oyshota
1. Goofatho doona loythi (tishshi) oothidi haasayonnaada dhube gididabay aybee?
2. Tamaaretas haasaya bolla de7iya metoy kiita bolla qoha gathii?
3. Goofatho doonan haasayanas tamaaretas de7iya gaatha denddetethay ay aazii?
1.5. Xinaatiya Go77a
Ha pilggetha oosoy Goofatho doonan koyro wodes oosetteyssappe denddidayssan dumma
dumma ogen dumma dumma kifileti go7ettoosona. Hessatikka:
Koyro dethan tamaariya tamaareti ha pilggethaappe go7ettoosona. Tamaareti lo77o gidida
haasaya hiilla dishoninne tamaaro tamarsso hiillan bertte odaawa gididi wallotethan pantta
doonan haasayanaada qaada medhdhees. Gujjidikka, heeran si7iyaabata gidin pantta gade
buqurata haratas ay ogeninne aymala haasaya qommo go7etethan qonccisanekko baaso gidida
eratetha demmoosona. Pantta yela asatara gidin pantta laggetara qofa qonccisanaw yayonna
pantta doonan qonccisanaadanne gelonabata oychchidi zaaro demmanaada ha pilggethay
keehidi maaddees.
Nam77antho dethan ha pilggethappe go7ettey Goofatho doona timirtte kifile gidishin
pilggethaappe beettiya demo bolla zemppidi (katidi) timirtte kifile giddon lo77o gidida
tamarsso hiillay medhdhettanaadanne beettiya pacceta bolla wudayaanaada oge bessees.
Haasayas dhube gididaba shaakki eridi koshshiya hagaza immanaadaanne asttamaaretas
koshshiiya loohiso dumma dumma kifiletara gahetethan demmanaada oge bessees.

5. 5
Hedzantho dethan ha pilggethaappe go7ettey tamarssiya asttamaareta gidishin asttamaareti
tamaareta bolla beettiya pacceta shaakkidappe guye koshshiya tamarsso hiilla giigison
tamaarssanaadanne tamaareti babbonna haasayanaada minthethon lo77o gidida
haasayanchcha gidanaadanne tamaareta laamen ufayettanaada denthethees.
Oyddantho dethan ha pilggethaappe go7etteyssati hara pilgganchchata. Ha kaaran gidin
kaaraara gahettiya pilggetha oosotas markka maxaafetethan go7ettoosona.
Kumethan xeelliya wode ha pilggethay Goofatho doonan tamaareyssatas gidin tamarsiya
asttamaaretas haasaya hiilla dichchanaw wuda immanaada gita qaada immees. Gujjidikka,
tamaareti pantta heeran gidin heeraappe karen pantta doonan yayonna haasayanaada pantta
gaatha amo qonccisanaada denthethees.
1.6. Pilggetha Oge Teqeta
Ha xinaatey Goofatho doonan koyro wodes oosetteyssappe denddidayssan koyroti oosettida
xuufeta demoy daroppe waythis, markkanddo shiishanaw biya wode tamaareta injjetetha
dhayoynne tamarssiya asttamaareti loohisos bidayssi wode goochchis.
1.7. Pilggethaa Zawa
Ha xinaatey aawatethan polettey Gaammo Goofa zoonen Sawlla kataman de7iya timirtte
keethatappe Sawlla dhoqqa dethanne giigiso timirtte keethan polettis.Xinaatey Sawlla
kataman dhoqqa dethanne giigiso timirtte keethan de7iya dumma dumma kifile tamaaretappe
tammantho (10tho) kifile tamaareta bolla beettiya haasaya meto bolla kanchche wuda wosettidi
oosettis.

6. 6
SHEMPPO NAM77A
HARATA PILGGETHA MARKKA XUUFETA
2.1. Haasaya Birshshetha
Hitchman, (1966) qonccisishe “Nuuni dumma dumma gaasotan haasayoos; hessikka qofa
qonccisanawnne qonccisida qofaas zaaro demmanaw” gishe pa qofa wothis. Asa na7i dumma
dumma hanotas haasaya go7ettees. Gallasa gallasa qaaxon de7iya gahetethan haasayi
koshshiyaaba.
“Haasaya haasayoy muruuta giigisonne eko” (Biraade, 1994). Ha qofay qonccisiya mala
haasayi asa na7a gaathappe pulttiyaabanne pulttisida qofas zaaro demon pa gaatha ufayssiya
hanota gideyssa qonccisees.
Kooshen laamettidaba doonan haasayiya wode hayziya asi de7anaw bessees. Nam77u woy
nam77uppe bolla gidida asati wolira haasayan qofa laamerettiyaaba gidikko entta gaathan
gahetethi de7ees guussi.
2.2. Haasaya Go77a
Sareet, etal (1951) qofa wothishe “Haasayi tamaaretas gidin deretethas immiya go77ay keehi
daro hessatikka: polotika qaaxon, ikonoome dichchan, issipetetha duussan gita go77a
immees” yaagis. Ha qofa xeelliya wode haasayi oona gida doonan wuda immidi pa gade
buqurata maaran qonccisanaw, doona dichchanaw, oonatetha qonccisanaw, zal77e ooson
haasayi gita besse oykkees guussi.
Braden, (1961) qonccisishe “Tishshi udidi haasaya haasayoy issi asi pa kumetha duussan,
saynsse ogen qoppida qofa hara asara qofa laamerettanaw keehippe go7ees” yaagis. Ha qofa
xeelliya wode haasayi saynsse ogen zemppidi haasayettiyaaba gidikko asa nayta gaathan
lo77o gahetethi medhdheyssappe aadhdhdhidi qofa laamerettanaw gita go77a imeyssa
akeekoos guussi.
Bygatey, (1987) haasayaba odishe “Nuuni gallasa gallasa duussan qofa qonccisanawnne
dumma dumma asatara laggetetha medhdhanawnne laggetetha duuthanaw haasayi go7ees”

7. 7
gis. Ha qofay bessiya mala haasayi lo7oba gidin iitaba zoretti billanaw haasayi koshsheyssa
qonccisees guussi.
Lo77o haasayanchchati asara gahettiya gahetethan pantta gaathan de7iya allalle haraas
bessanaw daro metetokona. Hayssa gisho, haasayi gallasa gallasa qaaxuwan hara kifiles qofa
(gaatha amo) qonccisanaw gita go77a immees.
Asa na7i de7iya duussan pabaanne asaba odettanaw loythidi dosees; hayssas qassi haasayi
koshshees.
Asa na7i pa doonan haasayishe qofa suurenne qoncce gidida ogen haraas bessanaw
suukettees. Haysikka haney asay garssappe ekkidi yida doonay (doona 1) geyssa bolla daro
eratethi de7eyssanne qofa qonccisanaw yayonnayssa bessees guussi.
2.3. Haasaya Qommota
Haasaya qommota xeelliya wode wogi de7iya haasayanne wogi baynna haasaya geetetti
ekettees. Ha hanotaykka go7ettiya haasayanchchadan ekettees.
Wogi baynna haasayay daro wode keetha asataranne, loythi erettiya asatara polettiya haasaya
gidishin; wogi de7iya haasayay ooson, timirtteninne asatara koyro wode gahettiya gahetethan
polettees. Asa na7i de7iya duussan dumma dumma haasaya qommota go7ettidi pantta gaatha
qofata qonccisoosona (Bygate, 1987). Hessatikka:
2.3.1. Qoncciso Haasaya
Ha haasaya hanotay issi heeran issippe gididi de7iya bessan deriya sintha keyi eqqidi asay
qofa ekkanaada dumma dumma mallata ekon go7ettidi haasayiya haasaya qommo. Ha haasya
qommoy hayziya asay kumetha qofa demmanaada qaada medhdhiya haasaya qommo
(Bygate, 1987).
2.3.2. Ammantho Haasaya
Ha haasaya qommoy issi haasayanchchay issi asa gidin daro asata pa qofaa qonccisidi
ammanthanaw haasayiya haasaya qommo (Bygate, 1987).

8. 8
2.3.3. Ufayssiya Haasaya
Ha haasaya qommoy haasayiya asi denddidi hayzziya asata walloyanaw haasayiya haasaya
qommo(Bygate, 1987).
2.3.4. Hanotata Tamarssiya Haasaya
Ha haasaya qommoy issiba qonccisishe koyroppe wurssetha gaso de7iya hanota odishenne
yida yuussa paattishe hasaayiya haasaya qommo (Bygate, 1987).
2.4. Doona IssonHaasayiya HaasayayImmiyaa Go77aa
Issi asi doona billida doona go7ettidi haasayiyaa haasayay gita go77aa immees.
2.4.1. Tamarsso ooson
Pa doona loythidi dandda7iya asi doona tamarssishe haasayishe walaki baynna tishshi udidi
tamarssiya doonas wuda immidi tamaarssanaada wolqqa medhdhees.
2.4.2. Qoncciso Wolqqa
Doonan haasayishe pa gade buqurata gidin pana haraas qonccisanaw koyida ogen yeelatonna
qaali pacconna qonccisanaada qaada medhdhees.
2.4.3. Doona Dichchanaw
Tamarssiya asttamaaretas gidin tamaariya tamaaretas deretetha giddon wolqqaama ooso
gishoy de7ees.
Friderich, (1953) qonccisishe “Issi doona tamarssonne tamaaro hanota giddon tamarssiya
asttamaareti lo7oba woy iitaba tamarssanaw koyro kushe ekoosona gujjidikka doonay
diccanaadaninne dhayanaada wolqqaama oosoy de7ey enttakona” gishe pa qofa qonccisees.
Ha qofa xeelliya wode tamarssiya asttamaarey doona dichchas bertte odaawa gididi paappe
naagettiya gadetetha maata polanaw bessees.
Bygate, (1987) qonccisishe “Issi doona go7ettidi dishoy tamarssiya asttamaaretappe kanchche
naagettiyaaba gidonashin tamaariya tamaareti pantta de7ida heeran de7iya miishetara

9. 9
gahetethay de7ees; he gahetethan pantta doonan qonccison doona dichchanaw dandda7ees”
gis. Ha qofa nu xeelliya wode doona dishoy issi asaa xalalaba gidonashin asa ubbaa
kushetetha oychchiyaaba gidiya gisho hara asa bolla aathi yegonna dandda7iya hanotan ubbay
kushettanaw bessees guussi.

10. 10
SHEMPPO HEEDZA
PILGGETHA OOSUWA OGENNE HIILLA
Ha shemppoy kumethan xaaxi waaxi oykkiday pilggetha medhuwa, pilggetha heera,
pilggethan, bessinddo eko ogetanne buussa , markkanddo shiisho ogeta, ogetanne
markkanddo paatetha oge shiishidi oykkis.
3.1. Pilggethaa OosoOge
Pilgganchchay ha pilggetha oosuwa zawa gathanawnne pa qoppoba polanaw de7iya gaatha
denddetethappe denddidayssan qoncciso hiilla (descriptive ) go7etethan shiiqida
markkanddota qaalaninne paydon paattis.
Ha pilggetha hiillay wuda wothey metuwaas de7iya kanddo bolla, polettishe de7iya hanota
bolla, metoy ay aazi, metuwa keena h.h.m bolla wudayees (Kothari, 2004).
3.2. Pilggetha Heera
Dugeha dere ayso killillen dumma dumma zooneti de7oosona. Ha zoonetappe issoy Gaammo
Goofa zoone gidishin ha zooney pa gaathan nam77u ayso katamatanne tammanne laapun
woradata waaxi oykkis. Nam77u ayso katamatikka Sawlla katamanne Arbba Mincce katama
ayso geetettidi erettoosona.
Sawlla katamay dugeha dere ayso killilleppe 350 kilo meetireninne zoone bertte katama
Arbba Mincceppe 254 kilo meetire haahotethan beettiya katama. Katamiw pudehara Gezze
Goofa woraday, dugeha baggara Zaala woraday, doloha baggara Dembba Goofa woradaynne
wuloha baggara qassi Oyda woraday zawayees.
Katamiya pa gaathan nam77u kifile katamatanne usuppun qabaleta shiishada oykkawus.
Kifile katamati heedzu heedzu qabaleta oykkoosona. Hessatikka: Yooca kifile katamay pa
gaathan: Gahetetha (megenagna), Qeera qabalenne Botire qaabale oykishin Bolla kifile
katamay pa gaathan: Giddo(mahaale), Zirqqo qabalenne Kustti qabale waaxi oykkees.

11. 11
Katame gaathan heedzu kumetha nama7antho detha timirtte keethati, issi dhoqqanne giigiso
timirtte keethinne usuppun kumetha issantho detha kawo timirtte keethati de7oosona.
Goofatho doonay katamen loythi haasayettees. Asay issipetethaninne siiqotethan de7iya
katama gidishi ayyere hanota ho77o gideyssappe denddidayssan gadhatethan moodettawus.
3.3. Bessinddo Dooro Ogetanne Buussa
Ha xinaatiyan Sawla dhoqqa dethanne giigiso timirtte keethan de7iya tammantho kifilen
kumethan 600 tamaaretinne Goofatho doona tamarssiya heedzu asttamaareti ha pilggethan
qonccidosona.
Pilgganchchay bessinddo darotetha gizzidi bessinddo eko ogetappe poxi poxi eko ogen
laatamu kushe bessinddo tamaaretappenne de7iya kumetha Goofatho doona asttamaareta
ekkis.
Ha ogey doorettiday poxi poxi ekoy ubba tamaaretas gina qaada immiya gishonne ekettiya
tamaareti atteyssata qonccisiya gisho pilgaganchchay ha ogiya dooris. Ha xinaatiyas de7iya
kumetha tamaaretappe kumethan 120 tamaaretinne de7iya heedzu asttamaareti pilggethaas
eketidosona.
3.4. Markkanddo Shiisho Miisheta
Markkanddoy ekettey koyro pulttoppe gidishin tillatethi de7iyaabanne suure gidida
markkanddoy beettanaada qaada medhdhiya gisho pilgganchchay koyro pultto dooris.
Pilgganchchay doorida kaaraara bees gidi qoppida dumma dumma markkanddo shiisho ogeta
go7ettis. Hessatikka:
3.4.1. Xuufe Oysho
Ha markkanddo shiisho ogey doorettiday oyshetteyssati pantta gaatha qofa wallotethan
zaaranaadanne koyida zaaro immanaada qaada medhdhiya gisho pilgganchchay ha
markkanddo shiisho oge pilggethaas go7ettis. Ha markkanddo shiisho ogen pilgganchchay 13
(tammanne heedzu) walaka (mixed) oyshota tamaaretasinne 10(tammu) walaka oyshota
asttamaaretas giigisidi go7ettidaba gidishin zaareyssati pantta gaathan de7iya kumetha qofa

12. 12
wallotethan kessanaadanne si7ettiyaabata ubba xaafanaada qaada medhdhiya gisho
pilgganchchay ha ogiya go7ettis.
Kumethan xeelliya wode pilgganchchay pilggetha oysha isso bolla wothidi denddida oyshaas
zaaro demmanasinne sima qoppoba isson de7eyssa kunthanas guusaykka tamaareti Goofatho
doona tishshi oothidi haasayanaada oge mallanasinne haasoyonaada oothida gaasuwa
demmanas ha ogiya go7ettis.
3.4.2. QaalaOysho
Ha markkanddoy gizzettida 7 (laapun) oyshotan tamaaretas haasaya bolla de7iya tillatethay ay
aazi geyssa demmanaw maaddiya gisho pilgganchchay heedzu tamaareta ekon ha
markkanddo shiisho oge go7ettis. Ha ogen zaareyssatas qoncce gidonna oyshota
pilgganchchay qonccisanaw qaada medhdhiya gishonne som77o xeellettishe dumma dumma
qaaxotan geliya ogen qonccisidi koyettiya markkanddo demmanaw injjetida gisho
pilgganchchay ha ogiya go7ettis.
Bertetethan ha markkanddo shiisho ogey pilgganchchay pilggetha oysha nam77a bolla
wothida oyshaas zaaro demmanasinne sima qoppoba nam77a bolla wothida qoppoba
kunthanas guussaykka haasaya metoy kiita bolla gathiya qoha tamaareti oyshettidi zaariya
zaaroppe demmanas injjetanaada ha ogiya pilgganchchay go7ettis.
3.4.3. Kifile Giddo Xeelo
Tamaareti kifile giddo tamaaronne tamarsso wode pantta gaathan de7iya qofanne oyshota
qonccisanaw de7iyaa denddetethaynne doona go7etethay ay aazi geyssa eranaw
pilgganchchay ha markkanddo shiisho oge go7ettis. Ha markkanddo shiisho oge go7ettishe
pilgganchchay aynne oysho denthonna tillayanaw giigisida warqqate bolla xeelliya
markkanddo oykethan imathatethan beettidi markkandduwa shiishis.
Bertetethan ha markkanddo shiisho ogey pilggetha oysha heedza bolla shiiqida oyshaas zaaro
demmanawnne sima qoppoba heedza kunthanas guussaykka tamaaretas Goofatho doona
haasaya bolla de7iya gaatha denddetetha xeellanaw injjettiya gisho pilgganchchay ha ogiya
go7ettis.

13. 13
3.5. Markkanddo Paatetha
Pilgganchchay paydon (qoodan) markkanddo paatetha hiillanne qaalan markkanddo qoncciso
hiilla waaxidi go7ettis. Gaasoykka kifile xeelotanne doona oyshota qaalan markkanddo
qoncciso hiillan paatethaninne xuufe oyshota paydon (qoodan) paattis.
3.6. Shiiqo Kanddota
Pilggetha kanddo guussay hiillanne kaha xeelota pilggetha ooso buussan markkanddo
shiishoppe doommidi wurssetha xuufe gaso maaran go7etethi guussi. Gujjidikka timirtte
pilggethan lo77o kanddo guussi timirttera gahetethi de7iya pilggetha oosota oothiya
pilgganchchati pilggethaa oosoy pilggethan hashetiya asatine pilggethay gathiya naaqo
gujjees. Pilggetha giddon dethan dethan hashetiya asata maatay dummatiya ogen naagettees.
Dumma dumma pilggetha buussatan hashetiya asata maata naagisanaw kaalliya oyshoti
denddanaw dandda7ees.
Pilggethaan hashetiya asatas pilggethan kushettana asa maati de7eyssa, koyida woden
panttana pilggetha oosuwaappe kessana maati de7eyssa pilgganchchay odanaw koshshees.
Pilggethaan hasheteyssati pantta buzo xuura markkanddo odknaada koyrotti enttaw odettanaw
bessees. Hayssappe denddidayssan buzo xuura markkanddoy ke7onaada teqethi demoosona.
Ubbarakka hasheteyssati pilggethaan wallotethan hashetanaada pilggethaay doomettanappe
koyro odettanaw bessees.

14. 14
SHEMPPO OYDDA
MARKKANDDO PAATETHI, BIRSHSHETHINNE DEMOTA
Ha pilggetha shemppo kaaray Sawla katama dhoqqa nam77antho dethanne giigiso timirtte
keethan tamaantho kifileppe 120 tamaaretappenne 3 asttamaaretappe dumma dumma
markkanddo shiisho ogen shiiqida markkanddotaa paatetha oykkis. Markkanddoti shiiqiday
tamaaretappe xuufe oyshon, qaala oyshoninne kifile giddo xeelon gidishin asttamaaretappe
xuufe oyshon xalaala shiiqis.
Zara 1: Tamaareta buzo markkanddo
P.M
Mattumatetha
Besinddo darotetha
Qooda %
1 Adde 68 56.7
2 Macca 52 43.3
3 Kumetha 120 100
Pultto: Xuufe oysho,2010
Qommon zara 1n qonccida mala kumethan ekettida bessinddotappe 68(56.7%) adde gidishin
52(43.3%) macca gideyssa shiiqida markkanddoy qonccisees.
Pilgganchchay shiiqida markkandduwaa xeelliya wode de7iya kumetha tamaaretappe addeta
qooday maccatayssappe guuthara dareyssa pilgganchchay pa pilggethaan xeellis.
4.1. Tamaaretappe Shiiqida Xuufe Oysho Markkanddota
Ha xuufe oyshon shiiqida markkanddoy tamaareta Goofatho doona bolla tamaaretas de7iya
haasaya meto shaakanasinne haasaya pilggetha oysha isso bolla wothida oyshaas zaaro
demmanas guusaykka tamaareti Goofatho doona tishshi udidi haasayanaada oge mallanas
shiiqida markkanddo paatetha.

15. 15
Zara 2: Kifile giddon tamaaretas haasaya hiilla bolla imettiya wudatetha paatetha
p.m Oysho Zaaro Bessinddo daroteth
Qooda %
1
Dumma dumma ogetan: iraadoonen,
nabbabishe demmidaba, heeran si7idaba
h.h.m hintte qofan laggetas kifile giddo
qonccisanaada ay keena qaadi imettii?
Ubba wode 12 10
Aadhdhi aadhdhi 24 20
Darenna 20 16.7
Keehi guutha 64 53.3
Kumetha 120 100
2
Kifile oosota gidin cuga oosota oothanaada
ay keena qaadi imettii?
Ubba wode 44 36.7
Aadhdhi aadhdhi 48 40
Darenna 16 13.3
Keehi guutha 12 10
Kumetha 120 100
3
Kifile oosota gidin cuga oosota oothidappe
guye kifile giddo zaari qonccisanaada awde
awde qaadi imettii?
Ubba wode 56 46.7
Aadhdhi aadhdhi 28 23.3
Darenna 16 13.3
Keehi guutha 20 16.7
Kumetha 120 100
4
Dumma dumma bila-odata kifile giddon
denddidi haasayanaada ay keena
medhdhettiya hanotati de7ii?
Ubba wode 20 16.7
Aadhdhi aadhdhi 16 13.3
Darenna 36 30
Keehi guutha 48 40
Kumetha 120 100
5 Kifile giddo oyshettiya oyshota Goofatho
doonan zaaranaada asttamaarey awde awde
minthethii?
Ubba wode 84 70
Aadhdhi aadhdhi 20 16.7
Darenna 8 6.7
Keehi guutha 8 6.7
Kumetha 120 100
6
Kifile giddon dumma dumma kaaratan
palamanaada ay keena qaadi imettii?
Ubba wode 4 3.3
Aadhdhi aadhdhi 28 23.3
Darenna 36 30
Keehi guutha 52 43.3
Kumetha 120 100
7
Didirxxata kifile giddon hintte laggetas
qonccisanaada ay keena qaadi imettii?
Ubba wode 20 16.7
Aadhdhi aadhdhi 24 20
Darenna 28 23.3
Keehi guutha 48 40
Kumetha 120 100

16. 16
Qommon zara 2n oysha isso bolla shiiqida markkandduwa xeelliya wode shiiqida kumetha
tamaaretappe Dumma dumma ogetan: iraadoonen, nabbabishe demmidaba, heeran si7idaba
h.h.m hintte qofan laggetas kifile giddo zaari qonccisanaada imettiya qaaday ay keenee? giya
oyshuwaas: keehi guutha gidayssati 64(53.3%), darenna gidayssati 20(16.7%), aadhdhi
aadhdhi imettees gidayssati 24(20%), ubba wode imettees gidayssati 12(10%) gideyssa
shiiqida markkandduwaappe benttis.
Pilgganchchay qommon shiiqida tamaareta zaaruwa xeelliya wode tamaareti heeran gidin
dumma dumma miidiyaatan si7idabata (hayzidabata)nne nabbabishe demmidabata pantta
kifile lagge tamaaretas haasayan zaari qonccisanaada imettiya qaaday keehi guutha gididayssi
keehi daro tamaareti Goofatho doona loythidi haasayonnada dhube gididayssa xeellanw
dandda7is.
Qommon zara 2n oysha nam77a bolla shiiqida markkanddo xeelliya wode shiiqida kumetha
tamaaretappe kifile oosoti gidin cuga oosoti oothanaada imettiya qaada qonccisishe ubba
wode imettees gidayssati 44(36.7%), aadhdhi aadhdhi imettees gidayssati 48(40%), darenna
gidayssati 16(13.3%)nne keehi guutha gidayssati 12(10%).
Ha tamaareta zaaroy besseyssa mala tamarssiya asttamaareti dumma dumma aaho oosota
gidin soo oosota ubba wode gidonakkonne aadhdhi aadhdhi imon keehi daro tamaareta
minthetheyssa pilgganchchay tamaareti immida zaaruwaappe xeellis.
Qommon zara 2n oysha heedza bolla shiiqida markkandduwa xeelliya wode kifile oosota
gidin aaho oosota oothidappe guye tamaareti kifile giddo qonccisanaada awde awde qaadi
imettiyaakko xeelliya wode: kumetha tamaaretappe ubba wode imettees gidayssati 56(46.7%),
aadhdhi aadhdhi imettees gidayssati 28(23.3%), imettiya qaaday darenna gidayssati
16(13.3%)nne imettiya qaaday keehi guutha gidayssati 20(16.7%).
Ha shiiqida markkanddoy bessey tamaareti oothida oosota ekki shiiqidi kifile giddon
tamaaretas qonccisanaada tamarssiya asttamaareti ubba wode qaadi imteyssanne tamaareti
pantta haasaya hiilla dichchanaada lo7oo oge gideyssa shiiqida markkanddoy bessees.
Qommon zara 2n oysha oydda bolla shiiqida markkanddoy besseyssa mala dumma dumma
bila-odata kifile giddon denddidi haasayanaada medhdhettiya hanotata xeelliya wode kumetha

17. 17
tamaaretappe ubba wode imettees gidayssati 20(16.7%), aadhdhi aadhdhi imettees gidayssati
16(13.3%), darenna gidayssati 36(30%)nne keehi guutha gidayssati 48(40%).
Ha markkanddoy bessey tamaareti dumma dumma bila-odata kifile giddo denddidi pantta
lagge tamaaretas odanaadanne wolli kaa7anaada imettiya qaaday keehi guutha gididayssanne
keehi daro tamaareti Goofatho doona tishshi udidi haasayonnada dhube gididayssa shiiqida
markkanddoy bessees.
Qommon zara 2n oysha ichashsha bolla shiiqida markkanddoy besseyssa mala kifile giddo
tamaareti oyshettiya oyshota tamaareti Goofatho doonan zaaranaada asttamaarey awde awde
minthethiyaakko oyshettida oyshuwaas pantta zaaro immishe: kumetha tamaaretappe ubba
wode gidayssati 84(70%), aadhdhi aadhdhi gidayssati 20(16.7%), darenna gidayssati
8(6.7%)nne keehi guutha gidayssati 8(6.7%).
Ha markkanddoy qonccisey kifile giddon oyshettiya qaala oyshotasinne tamaareti panttas
gelonnabata Goofatho doonan oychchanaada tamarssiya asttamaarey ubba wode
minthetheyssanne ha hanotay tamaareti haasayan loohanaada daro tamaareta minthethiya
hanota gideyssa pilgganchchay shiiqida markkandduwaappe xeellis.
Qommon zara 2n oysha usuppuna bolla shiiqida markkanddo xeelliya wode tamaareti kifile
giddon palamata palamanaada ay keena qaadi imettii geetettida oyshuwaas kumetha
tamaaretappe ubba wode gidayssati 4(3.3%), aadhdhi aadhdhi gidayssati 28(23.3%), darenna
gidayssati 36(30%)nne keehi guutha gidayssati 52(43.3%).
Ha markkanddoy besseyssa mala tamaareti kifile giddo dumma dumma kaaratan palammidi
pantta haasaya hiilla dichchanaada oosettiya oosoy keehidi guutha gideyssappe denddidayssan
tamaareti Goofatho doona tishshi oothidi haasayonaada dhube gidis.
Qommon zara 2n oysha laapunan shiiqida markkanddoy besseyssa mala dumma dumma
didirxxata kifile giddo tamaareti pantta laggetas qonccisanaada imettiya qaada keena
qonccisishe kumetha tamaaretappe: ubba wode gidayssati 20(16.7%), aadhdhi aadhdhi
gidayssati 24(20%), darenna gidayssati 28(23.3%)nne keehi guutha gidayssati 48 (40%).

18. 18
Ha shiiqida markkanddoy qoncciseyssa mala tamaareti panttana gakkida dumma dumma
didirxxata haasayon pantta haasaya hiilla dichchanaada kifile giddon imettiya qaaday keehidi
guutha gideyssi tamaareti pantta doona tishshi udidi haasayonaada dhube gidis.
Zara 3: Kifileppe Karen haasayas imettiya dumma dumma oosota paatetha
P.M Oysho Immida zaaro Besinddo darotetha
Qooda %
1
Goofatho doonan haasayidi issiba
loythidi qonccisanaw dandda7ettii?
Keehi dandda7ettees 52 43.3.
Dandda7ettees 68 56.7
Keehi Waythees 0 -
Waythees 0 -
Kumetha 120 100
2
Timirtte keethan “Goofatho Doona
Gallasa” geetettidi sunthettida haasaya
wodey de7ii?
Ee 72 60
Baawa 48 40
Kumetha 120 100
3
Miini-miidiyan Goofatho doonan awde
awde kiiti aadhdhii?
Ubba wode - -
Aadhdhi aadhdhi 40 33.3
Darenna 16 13.3
Keehi guutha 64 53.3
Kumetha 120 100
4
Goofatho doonan diraamata awde awde
oothidi besseetii?
Ubba wode - -
Aadhdhi aadhdhi 8 6.7
Darenna 20 16.7
Keehi guutha 92 76.7
Kumetha 120 100
Qommon zara 3n oysha isso bolla shiiqida markkanddo xeelliya wode Goofatho doonan
haasayidi issiba loythidi qonccisanaw keehidi dandda7ettees gidayssati kumetha tamaaretappe
52(43.3%), dandda7ettees gidayssati 68(56.7%) kushe gideyssa shiiqida markkanddoy
bessees.
Pilgganchchay qommon tamaareti zaarida zaaruwa xeelliya wode ubba tamaaretas Goofatho
doonan haasayidi qofa qonccisoy dandda7etteyssa bolla lo77o gidida eratethi de7eyssa
pilgganchchay shiiqida markkandduwaappe akeekanaw dandda7is.

19. 19
Qommon zara 3n oysha nam77a bolla shiiqida oyshuwaas kumetha tamaaretappe nu timirtte
keethan Goofatho gallasa geetettidi sunthettida wodey de7ees gidayssati 72 (60%) gidishin
baawa gidayssati 48 (40%).
Ha markkanddoy besseyssa mala timirtte keethan Goofatho doonan haasayanaada geetettidi
sunthettida wodey de7eyssa pilgganchchay tamaareta zaaruwaappenne xeellida xeeloppe
shaakanaw dandda7is. Haysikka tamaareti pantta doonan loythidi haasayanaada lo7oo qaada
medhdhees.
Qommon zara 3n oysha heedza bolla shiiqida markkanddo xeelliya timirtte keethan Goofatho
doonan kiiti awde awde aadhdhiyaakko qonccisishe kumetha tamaaretappe keehi guutha
gidayssati 64(53.3%), darenna gidayssati 16(13.3%), aadhdhi aadhdhi aadhdhees gidayssati
40 (33.3%).
Ha qommon qonccida markkanddoy besseyssa mala tamaaretas dumma dumma kiitata
Goofatho doonan aaso hanotay keehi guutha gidishin; haysikka tamaareti pantta doonan
kiitata aathanaw dandda7eyssa shaakkidi eronayssanne tamaareta haasayanaw
denthethonnayssa pilgganchchay tamaareta zaaruwaappe akeekanaw dandda7is.
Qommon zara 3n oysha oydda bolla shiiqida markkanddota xeelliya wode kumetha
tamaaretappe timirtte keethan dumma dumma diraamata Goofatho doonan oothanaada awde
awde qaadi imettiyaakko tamaareti zaarishe: aadhdhi aadhdhi gidayssati 8(6.7%), darenna
gidayssati 20(16.7%)nne keehi guutha gidayssati 92(76.7%).
Ha markkandduwa xeelliya wode tamaareti diraamata panttaw oothidi shiishanaada imettiya
qaaday keehidi guutha. Haysikka, tamaareti pantta doonan haasaya meezetonnadanne
Goofatho doona tishshi udidi haasayonnaada dhube gidis.

20. 20
Zara 4: Asttamaareta buzo markkanddo
P.M Oysho Immida zaaro Besinddo darotetha
Qooda %
Mattumatetha Adde 3 100
Macca - -
Kumetha 3 100
2
Asttamaareta timirtte detha Dipilooma 2 66.7
Koyro digire 1 33.3
Nam77antho digire - -
Bolla - -
Kumetha 3 100
3
Anjjettida timirtte qommo Doona 2 66.7
Medheta saynsse - -
Issipetetha saynsse 1 33.3
Hara - -
Kumetha 3 100
4
Anjjettida timirtte qommos berttey Goofatho 2 66.7
Inggilizatho - -
Amaaratho - -
Hara 1 33.3
Kumetha 3 100
5
Goofatho doona koyro tamaaridetii? Ee 3 100
Akkay - -
Kumetha 3 100
Zara 4n oysha isson shiiqida markkanddoy besseyssa mala Goofatho doona Sawla dhoqqa
nam77anthonne giigiso timirtte keethan tamaantho kifile tamarssiya asttamaareti ubbay adde
gididayssanne macca asttamaareta qoodi baynayssa shiiqida markkanddoy beesses.
Qommon zara 4n oysha nam77an xeelliya wode ekettida kumetha besinddotappe Dipilooma
timirtte dethan de7eyssati 2(66.7%)nne koyro digire timirtte dethan de7eey 1(33.3%).
Ha markkanddoy besseyssa mala de7iya asttamaaretappe 2(66.7%) kushey dipilooma
gideyssanne ha kifile timirtte detha tamarssanaw gakkonnayssata gideyssa shiiqida
markkandduwaappe xeellanaw dandda7ettis.

21. 21
Qommon zara 4n oysha heedzan shiiqida markkanddoy besseyssa mala doona timirtte
qommon anjjettidayssati kumethatappe 2(66.7%) gidishin issipetetha saynssen anjjettida
asttamaare qooday kumethatappe 1(33.3%) gididayssa shiiqida markkandduwaappe
shaakkanaw dandda7ettis.
Ha markkanddoy besseyssa mala de7iya asttamaaretappe doona timirtten anjjettida
asttamaareta qooday daro gideyssanne meezetethan tamarssiya asttamaareykka de7eyssa
qonccisees.
Qommon zara 4n oysha oyddan shiiqida markkanddoy besseyssa mala kumetha
asttamaaretappe Goofatho doonan anjjettidayssati 2(66.7%) gidishin hara timirtte qommon
anjjettidayssa qooday 1(33.3%).
Qommon zara 4n oysha ichchashan shiiqida markkanddoy besseyssa mala tamarssiya
asttamaareti ubbay koyro Goofatho doona timirtte tamaaridayssatanne doona bolla lo77o
gidida eratethi de7eyssata gididayssa shiiqida markkanddoy bessees.

22. 22
4.2. Asttamaaretappe Shiiqida Xuufe Oysha Paatetha
Zara 5: Asttamaaretappe shiiqida oyshota paatethinne birshshetha
P.M Oysho Immida zaaro Besinddo darotetha
Qooda %
1
Tamaareti Goofatho doona timirtte wode
awde awde kifilen kumidi beettoonaa?
Ubba wode 2 66.7
Aadhdhi aadhdhi 1 33.3.
Darenna - -
Guutha - -
Kumetha 3 100
2
Tamaareti doonan haasayanaada kifile
wodeppe karera ay keena imettiya
maadey de7ii?
Ubba wode - -
Aadhdhi aadhdhi 1 33.3
Darenna 2 66.7
Guutha - -
Kumetha 3 100
3
Tamaareti haasayan luxanada geetettidi
dumma dumma diraamata, bila-odata,
didirxxan gakkiyabata kifile gaathan
haasayan qonccisinaada ay keena qaada
medhdheettii?
Ubba wode - -
Aadhdhi aadhdhi 1 33.3
Darenna 2 66.7
Guutha - -
Kumetha 3 100
4
Kifile giddon shiiqiya shiiqotan woy
duulatatan Goofatho doonan awde awde
kaalethidi ereettii?
Ubba wode 1 33.3
Aadhdhi aadhdhi 2 66.7
Darenna - -
Guutha - -
Kumetha 3 100
5
Shiiqotan woy duulatatan tamaareti
Goofatho doonan pantta gaatha qofa
qonccisanaada ay keena denthethiya
hanotay de7ii?
Ubba wode 3 100
Aadhdhi aadhdhi - -
Darenna - -
Guutha - -
Kumetha 3 100
6 Tamaareti Goofatho doonan haasayan
pantta qofa qonccisishe hara doona ay
keena walakiya hanoti de7ii?
Ubba wode 2 66.7
Aadhdhi aadhdhi 1 33.3
Darenna - -
Guutha - -
Kumetha 3 100
7
Mini-miidiyan kiitati ay keena Goofatho
doonan aadhdhi erii?
Ubba wode 1 33.3
Aadhdhi aadhdhi - -
Darenna - -
Guutha 2 66.7
Kumetha 3 100
8 Hintte timirtte keethan samintta giddon
“Goofatho gallasa” geetettidi sunthettidi
polettiya wodey de7ii?
De7ees 2 66.7
Baawa 1 33.3
Kumetha 3 100

23. 23
Qommon zara 4n oysha isson shiiqida markkanddoy besseyssa mala Goofatho timirtte wode kifile
giddon tamaareri ubba wode kumidi beettees gidayssati kumetha asttamaaretappe 2(66.7%) gidishin
aahdhi aadhdhi kifile giddo beettees gidayssati 1(33.3%) kushe gididayssa shiiqida markkanddoy
bessees.
Ha markkanddoy beseyssa mala tamaareti Goofatho doona timirttes immiya bessay lo77o gideyssanne
daro tamaaretikifile giddo kumidi beetteyssa markkandduwaappe tillayanaw dandda7ettis.
Qommon zara 4n oysha nam77an shiiqida markanddoy besseyssa mala tamaaretas kifile
wodeppe karra imettiya maade keena xeelliya wode aadhdhi aadhdhi imettees gidayssati
1(33.3%) gidishin 2(66.7%) kushey imettiya maadey darenna gidayssa bessees.
Pilgganchchay qommon qonnida zaaruwaa xeelliya wode tamaareti Goofatho doona haasaya
hiilla dichchanaada kifle wodeppe karera imettiya maadey darennayssi tamaaretas haasaya
meto gidanaw dandda7idayssa xeellis.
Qommon zara 4n oysha heedzan shiiqida markkanddoy besseyssa mala tamaareti haasayan
luxanaada geetettid diraamata, bila odata didirxxan gakkiyaabata kifile gaathan haasayan
qonccisanaada imettiya qaada keenay darenna gidiyssatai 2(66.7%) gidishin aadhdhi aadhdhi
qaaday imettees gidayssati 1(33.3%).
Ha qommon asttamaaretappe imettida zaaroy besseyssa mala tamaareti dumma dumma bila-
odatanne didirxxan gakkiyaabata kifile gaathan denddidi tamaaretas haasayaanada imettiya
qaaday daronnayssi tamaareti tamaareti haasaya hiillan luxidi boonaada dhube gididayssa
shiiqida markkanddoy bessees.
Qommon zara 4n oysha oyddan shiiqida markkandduwaan kumetha asttamaaretappe kifile
giddon shiiqota gidin duulatata Goofatho doonan ubba wode kaalethoos gidayssati 1(33.3%)
gidishin aadhdhi aadhdhi gidayssati 2(66.7%).
Ha markkanddoya bessey tamaareti Goofatho doonan haasaya hiilla dichchanaada geetettidi
issi issi shiiqota gidin duulatata doonan kaalethiya hanotay de7eyssanne ubba wode
gidonashin aadhdhi aadhdhi poletteyssa shiiqida markkanddoy qonccisees.

24. 24
Qommon zara 4n oysha ichashan shiiqida markkandduwaan tamaareti Goofatho doonan pantta
gaatha qofa qonccisanaada ay keena denthethiyaakko kumetha asttamaaretappe wothishe ubba
wode gidayssati 3(100%).
Ha markkanddoy besseyssa mala asttamaareti Goofatho doonan tamaareti pantta gaatha qofa
qonccisanaada ubba wode dethethiya hanotay de7eyssanne lo77o minthetho hanotay
de7eyssa asttamaareta zaaruwaappe shaakkanaw dandda7ettis.
Qommon zara 4n oysha usuppunan kumetha asttamaaretappe shiiqida markkandduwaan
tamaareti Goofatho doonan haasayishe hara doona ubba wode walakees gidayssati 2(66.7%)
kushe gidishin aadhdhi aadhdhi walakees gidayssati 1(33.3%).
Ha markkanddoy besseyssa mala keehi daro tamaareti Goofatho doonan pantta gaatha qofa
qonccisishe hara doonata walakidi go7etteyssanne guutha tamaareti xalaala walakonayssa
bessees. Heyssikka daro tamaaretas doona walaka metoy de7eyssa bessees.
Qommon zara laapunan kumetha asttamaaretappe shiiqida markkandduwa xeelliya wode
timirtte keetha mini-miidiyaan Goofatho doonan ubba wode aaddhees gidayssati 1(33.3%)
gidishin aadhdhiya keenay darenna gidayssati 2(66.7%).
Ha markkanddoy bessey timirtte keetha Goofatho doonan aadhdhiya kiitata keenay keehidi
guutha gididayssanne doonan go7etetha hanotay guutha gideyssabessees.
Qommon zara 4n oysha hosppunthon kumetha asttamaaretappe shiiqida markkanddoy
besseyssa mala timirtte keethan Goofatho gallasa geetettidi sunthettida wodey de7ees
gidayssati 2(66.7%) gidishin baawa gidayssati 1(33.3%).
Ha markkanddoy besseyssa mala timirtte keethan tamaareti pantta doona haasayaaada
geetettidi sunthettida wodey de7eyssi tamaareti haasaya hiilla dichchanaada lo7oo oge
gididayssa astaamaareta zaaruwaappe shaakkanaw dandda7ettis.
Wurssethan asttamaaretas shiiqida xuufe oysha bolla zaaro immishe Goofatho doona
tamaareti tishshi udidi haasayaanada: tamarssiya asttamaareti kifile giddo Goofatho doona
tamarssiya wode doona xalaala go7ettanaw bessees; dumma dumma oosoti Goofatho doonan

25. 25
polettanaw bessees; yeletay doonay nubaa gidi denddanawnne ubba asi kushettanaada
oothanaw koshshees.
4.3. Tamaaretas shiiqida qaala oyshota paatethaa
Ha qaala oyshoy giigettidi shiiqiday doorettida heedzu tamaaretas gidishin doorettida
tamaarettikka kaalleyssa mala sunthettidosona. T1, T2, T3. Ha markkanddo shiisho ogey
tamaaretas haasa bolla de7iya metuwa xeellanasinne pilggetha oysha nam77a bolla de7iya
oyshaas zaaro guussaykka haasaya metoy kiita bolla ehiya meto xeellanas giigettida
markkanddo paatetha.
Goofatho doona timirtte aapuntho kifileppe doommada tamaaradii?
Ha qommon shiiqida oyshuwaas T1 nne T2 “Goofatho doona timirtte issantho kifileppe
doommidi tamaaridayssa qonccisidosona.” T3 Oyshuwaas zaaro immishe “Goofatho doona
timirtte oyddantho kifileppe” doommidi tamaridayssa qonccisidosona.
Qaala oysha isso bolla shiiqida oyshuwaas daro tamaareti Goofatho doona timirtte issantho
kifileppe doommidi tamaaridayssa wothiyaa wode guutha tamaareti Goofatho doona timirtte
oyddantho kifilen doommidayssa qonccisisdosona.
Hayssikka bessey daro tamaareti Goofatho doona timirtte koyro dethappe tamaarishe
yidayssanne doonas oorathi gidonayssa qonccisees.
Doona billida doonay aybee?
T1, T2nne T3 doona billida doonay “Goofatho gideyssanne Goofa heeran gammidayssa”
pantta zaaruwan qonccisidosona.
Qaala oysha nam77an shiiqida qaala oyshuwaas kumetha tamaareti doona billida doonay
Goofatho gideyssa qonccisisdosona.
Hayssikka qonccisey ubba tamaareti Goofatho doonan doona billidayssanne haasayishe
gam77idayssa qonccisees.

26. 26
Goofatho doonan haasayidi issiba loythi qonccisonaada dhube gidiyaabay aybee?
T1 shiiqida oyshuwas zaaro immishe “Goofatho doona qaalati xeessanaw keehidi
deexoosona; Haasayiya asa dhayoy loythidi haasayonaada d hube gidees” yaagiya
wode T2 “haasayishe balettikko harati leqiseyssappe denddidayssan haasayanaw
babboos; Issi issi miishe qonccisanaw qaalati erettonayssi haasayonaada waythees” gishin
T3 pa qofa wothishe “Wudidi haasayiya asa dhayoy loythididi haasayanaada dhube gidees;
imirtte keethan Goofatho doona haasayanaada minthethiya asttamaareta dhayoy
haasayonaada dhube gideesgishe pa qofa wothis.
Qommon shiiqida qaala oysha heedzas zaaro immishe Goofatho doonan issiba loythidi
qonccisonaada dhube gididay: issi issi qaalati xeesanaw deexxeyssa, daro asati wudayidi
haasayonnayssa, nuuni haasayishe balettikko leqqisiya hanotay de7eyssappe denddidayssan
issiba loythi geeshshi qonccisonaada dhube gididayssa akeekanaw dandda7ettis.
Hintte laggeti hintte Goofatho doonan haasayiya wode boroonaa?
Qommo shiiqida qaala oyshaas T1 zaarishe “Daro tamaareti Goofatho doona timirttey
awnne gathenna yaagishe leqisoosona gujjidikka Goofatho doonan oychiyaa wode
Amaarathodoonan zaaroosona” yaagishe pa qofa wothis. T2 shiiqida oyshuwaas zaaro
immishe “Ee ,Yela asatikka doonan haasayanaada minthethokona; kacoosona” yaagishe
zaaris. T3 oyshuwaas zaarishe “Ee nuuni haasayiya wode haasayanaw koyokona;
unddenna tamaareti hara doondandda7onna asa mala udidi xeelloosona” yaagishe
paw de7iya qofa wothis.
Qaala oysha oyddan shiiqida oyshuwaas pantta zaaro wothishe kumetha tamaareti leqisoy
de7eyssa qonccisidosona. Nuuni haasayiya wode pokko doonaada guuthidi xeelliya xeeloy
de7ees;ay maaddiyaabashin haasayay goosona.
Haysikka qonccisey Goofatho doona tamaareti wallotethan haasayidi pantta haasaya hiilla
dichchoonaada laggetappenne yela asatappe gakkiya leqisoy tamaaretas dhube gididayssa
akeekanaw dandda7ettis.

27. 27
Yela asati Goofatho doonan haasayanaada minthethoonaa?
Qommon shiiqida qaala oyshuwaas T1 zaarishe “Loythidi minthethokona, deexxiya oyshota
oychchiya wode zaaro immokona;Goofatho doonan qofa qonccisiya wode kaccoosona”
yaagiya wode T2 zaarishe “adhdhi aadhdhi minthethoosona” yaagis. T3 shiiqida oyshuwaas
zaarishe “Loythidi minthethokona” gishe pa gaatha qofa wothis.
Qaala oysha ichchashan shiiqida qaala oyshuwaan yela asati Goofatho doonan haasayanaada
minthethokona yaagishe pantta qofa wothidosona. Yela asati aadhdhi aadhdhi minthetheyssati
de7eyssa qonccisisdosona.
Pilgganchchay ha tamaareta zaaruwa xeelliya wode yela asati nayti Goofatho doonan
haasayanaada minthethonayssi tamaareti haasaya hiilla dichchonaadanne pantta doonan
tishshi udidi haasayonaada dhube gididayssa zaaruwaappe akeekanaw dandda7is. Gujjidikka
aadhdhi minthetheyssati de7ikkoka loythi wudi imettonayssa akeekanaw dandda7is.
Goofatho doonan haasayoy yeelayees gidi qoppetii?
Qommon shiiqida qaala oyshuwaas T1 zaarishe “Daro haasayiya asi baynnayssappe
denddidayssan haasayanaw yeellayees” yaagiya wode T2 “Doonan haasayoy yeelayenna
shin haasayiya asa dhayoy guuthi borssees” gishin T3 “Ee, yeelayees; Pude gade biya
wode oonara nuuni haasayanee? Hessa gisho Amaaratho loythidi haasayiyaakko lo77o”
yaagishe pantta zaaruwa wothidosona.
Qommon qaala oysha usuppunan shiiqida oyshuwaas Goofatho doonan haasayoy yeelayees
yaagishe doonay kuuke paaceppe aadhdhidi nuna maaddiya hanotay keehidi benttenna
yaagishe pantta qofa wothidosona.
Pilgganchchay tamaareta zaaruwa xeelliya wode tamaaretas doona bolla de7iya kaha xeeloy
suure gidonayssanne doona ginatetha xeelo bolla metoy de7eyssanne doona muruutara xalaala
gasethiya hanotay doonan loythidi haasayonaada naaqqi oykkidayssa akeekisees.

28. 28
Woga kibabey hintte timirtte keethan de7ii? De7iyaaba gidikko kushettidi ereetii?
Qommon shiiqida qaala oyshuwaas T1 zaarishe “Ee, kibabey nuna giddoyi oothonayssappe
denddidayssan kushettidi erokko” yaagiya wode T2 “Ee, kibaben kushettada
erikke;gaasoykka nuna giddoyonayssappe denddidayssan” yaagiya wode T3 “Ee, kibabes
sunthay de7eesppe attin oosoy beettenna” yaagishe pantta gaatha qofa wothidosona.
Qaala oysha laapunan shiiqida oyshaas kumetha tamaareti zaarishe woga kibabey timirtte
keethan de7eyssa wothishe daro wudayidi oothenayssa pantta zaaruwaan qonccisidosona.
Pilgganchchay tamaareta zaaruwa xeelliya wode kibabe duussay lo77o gididi tamaareti
kushettidi oothanaada oosettonayssi tamaareta haasaya bolla dhube gideyssa akeekanaw
dandda7is.
4.4. Kifile Giddo Xeelon Benttida Markkanddo Paatethi
Pilgganchchay ha markkandduwa shiishishe tamarssiya asttamaarey kifile giddo tamarssiya
wodenne kifileppe karen tamaareti pantta laggetara qofa laameretishe doona go7etetha ay
aazii geyssanne tamaaretas Goofatho doonan haasayanaw de7iya gaatha denddetethay ay gidi
pilggetha oysha heedza bolla wothida oyshos zaaro demmanaw giya guussan demmida
markkandduwa paatetha oykkis.
Asttamaarey kifile giddo tamarssiya tamarsso hanota xeelliya wode tamaareta giddoyi
tamarsso hanotay ziqqa gideyssa pilgganchchay xeellanaw dandda7is. Haysikka bessey
tamaareti haasaya hiilla dichchonaada dhube gideyssa akeekanaw dandda7is.
Tamaareti qoncce gidonabata oysho hanota xeelliya ziqqa gideyssa pilgganchchay kifile
giddo xeelon xeellanaw dandda7is. Ha hanotay bessey tamaaretas de7iya gaatha denddetethay
ziqqa gideyssappe denddidayssan doonan oychchanaw dandda7onnayssi entta haasaya hiilla
bolla meto medhdhidayssa qonccisees.
Tamarssiya asttamaareya aadhdhi aadhdhi oychchiya oyshotan tamaareti zaaro immiya
hanotay giddi giddo. Ha hanotay bessey tamaareti oyshettida oyshotas zaarota dandda7ida
keena immiyaaba gidikkonne doona walakiya hanotay de7eyssi Goofatho doona tishshi udidi
haasayonaada dhube gideyssa pilgganchchay kifile giddo xeelo wode demmis.

29. 29
Pilgganchchay tamaariya wodenne kifileppe Karen de7iya qaaxon doona wudidi go7etetha
detha xeelliya wode keehidi ziqqa. Hayssikka bessey tamaaretas gaatha denddetethay ziqqa
gideyssappe denddidayssan haasayanaw koyonayssi haasaya hiilla bolla dhube gidis.
Aadhdhi aadhdhi go7ettiya go7etethan doona tishshi udidi haasaya detha xeelliya wode ziqqa.
Issi issi qaalata qonccisishe suure ogen gidonashin xeessa bolla deshisidi xeesiya hanotay
beettees.
4.5. Pilggetha Demota
Pilgganchchay pa pilggethaa oosuwaan tamaaretappe xuufe oyshon, qaala oyshoninne kifile
giddo xeelon demmida markkanddota paattis. Asttamaaretappe xuufe oyshon demmida
markkandduwakka paattis. Ha nam77u yaratappe benttida markkanddo paatetha qofaappe
denddidayssan kaallidi de7iya demota wothis.
 Dumma dumma ogetan si7idabatanne nabbabishe demmidabata kifile giddo laggetas
haasayan qonccisanaada tamaaro tamarsso wode imettiya qaada guuthatethay
tamaareti doona tishshi udidi haasayonnada dhube gidis.
 Bila-odata kifile giddon gidin Karen kaa7anaadanne odanaada imettiya qaada
guuthatethaynne imettiya oosota dhayoy tamaareti doonan loythidi hasayonaada dhube
gidis.
 Dumma dumma wode bonchchettiya baaletan tamaareti ginxxota gidin diraamata
oothidi shiishanaada qaada medhonayssi tamaareti pantta haasaya hiilla dichchonaada
dhube gidis.
 Didirxxata kifile giddo tamaaretas denddidi haasayanaada minthethonayssinne besse
imonayssi tamaaretas haasaya hiilla bolla dhube gidis.
 Yela asati tamaareti doona wudayidi haasayanaada denthethonayssinne hara timirtteta
bolla wuda wothanaada udiya hanotaynne tamaareta gaatha denddetetha ziqqatethay
tamaareti doonan haasayonaada dhube gidis. Gujjidikka, laggetappe gakkiya boroy
tamaareti doonan haasayonaw babbeyssi haasaya hiilla dichchonaada dhube gidis.
 Tamaareti pantta gaatha qofa qonccisishe issi issi qaalata wogara eronnayssapenne
suure kooshen xeegonayssinne hara doonatan walakeyssi kiitay suure aadhdhonaada
meto gidis.

30. 30
SHEMPPO ICHCHASHA
KUUYETHINNE OGE BESOTA
Ha shemppoy tamaaretappenne asttamaaretappe dumma dumma ogen benttida markkanddota
paatetha bolla katidi pilgganchchay Sawla katama dhoqqanne giigiso timirtte keethan
tamaariya tammantho kifile tamaareta haasaya metuwa birshshanaw oothiya pilggetha
oosuwaas kuyetha qofanne ha demota ooni ay oothiyaakko tamaaretas de7iya haasaya
metuwa birshshanaw dumma dumma daashshati oothanw koshshiya qofata bessida kifileta
shiishidi oykkis.
5.1. Kuuyetha
Ha pilggethay Sawla Katama dhoqanne giigiso timirtte keethan tamaariya tammantho kifile
tamaareta haasaya meto shaakkanaw oosettida pilggetha gidishin dumma dumma kifiletan
shiiqis. Pilgganchchay ha pilggetha oosuwa aawatethan oothanaada denthethiday
pilgganchchay koyro ooso meezen xeellida xeelluwa daro wode Goofatho doona timirtte
tamaareti guuthidi xeeleyssappe denddidayssan doonan haasayidi qofa qoncciso bolla de7iya
wudatethay aliyaaba gidonayssappenne ha doonan koyrotti oosettida pilggethata dhayuwa
yuushi qoponinne oosettida pilggethatikka dumma dumma doonan gideyssappe
denddidayssan ha kaara bolla oothis. Ha pilggetha oosoy tamaareti Goofatho doonan tishshi
udi haasayidi pantta laggara gidin yela asatara qofa laamerettanaada oge bessanawnne suure
haasayonna metoy kiita bolla gathiya metuwa bessanas geetetti qopettidi oosettis.
Gujjidikka pilgganchchay ha kaaras injjenne loythidi metota haccidi kessanaw qoncciso
pilggetha oge go7ettis. Ha pilggethan kumethan qonccida tamaareta qooday 600 gidishin
asttamaareta qooday heedza pilgganchchay de7iya shalo guuthatethappenne wode
qanthatethappe denddidayssan kumetha tamaaretappe laatamu kushe (120) tamaareta
ekoninne tamarssiya asttamaareta ubbata go7etethan markkanddo shiishis. Markkandduwa
koyro pultto gidida tamaaretappe xuufe oyshon, qaala oyshoninne wochchidi xeelon
shiishidaba gidishin tamarssiya asttamaaretappe xuufe oyshon xalaala markkandduwa
shiishanaw dandda7is. Tamaaretappenne asttamaaretappe dumma dumma ogen shiishida
markkanduwa qaalaninne paydon paattis.

31. 31
Dumma dumma ogen shiishida markkanddota paatethay besseyssa mala tamaaretas kifile
gidoninne kifileppe Karen doonan haasayanaada imettiya qaada guuthatethay haasaya hiilla
dichchonaada teqe (dhube) gididayssa akeekanaw dandda7is. Gujjidikka tamarssiya
asttamaareti doonan issi issi bila odata gidina palamata kifile giddo polanaada oothonayssi
tamaareta haasaya hiilla bolla meto medhdhidayssa pilggethaan akeekanaw dandda7is.
Wurssethan pilgganchchay xeellida xeeluwaappe denddidayssan koshshiya kifiletas qofa
imoninne metuwaas oge beson kuuyis.
5.2. Oge Besota
Doona dishoy issi asa bolla xalaala yegettiyaaba gidonashin ubba hashetetha oychcheyssi
qoncce. Gidoppe attin, ha pilggetha dethan benttida demuwa bolla koshshiya kifiley
naagettiya hadara poliyaaba gidikko tamaaretas de7iya haasaya metoy birshshetanaw
dandda7ees gidi qoppida qofatanne polanaw koshshiya kifileta ha kifilen wothis.
Tamarssiya asttamaareti tamaareti haasaya hiilla dichchanaada dumma dumma ogetan
si7idabatanne nabbabishe demmidabata kifile laggetas qonccisanaada qaada
medhonne tamaareta minthetho koshshees.
Timirtte keethay yela asataranne tamaareta gahetethan Goofatho doona bolla de7iya
kaha xeeloy suuranaada hara timirtte qommotara gina gidayssanne doona ginatethaaba
qofa cuucummisanaw bessees.
Woga kibabe kaappoti oosettiya oosotan tamaareta giddoyanaawnne tamaareti pantta
woga shaakki eranaadanne eridayssa mini-miidiyan aathanaada minthetho koshshees.
Tamarssiya asttamaareti dumma dumma kaarata imon tamaareti kifile giddon
palamaanaada udo, bila-odata wolli kaa7anaada qaada medhoninne dumma dumma
woden bonchchettiya baaletan tamaareti ginxxotanne diraamata oothidi shiishanaada
hidotata injjeyonne minthetho koshshees.
Yela asati tamaareti haasayiya haasayan nayta minthethonne qoncce gidonnabatas
qofa imon maadanaw koshshees.
Timirtte xifate keethay kifiliyaas koshshiyanne timirtte qommuwa tamaarida
asttamaareta moodanaw bessees.

32. 32
Sinthas ha kifile dethan de7iya tamaaretas dumma dumma haasaya qommota bolla
de7iya pacceta kunthanaw hara pilgganchchati gidin tamarssiya asttamaareti
pilggethata ooson metota hacci kessanaw dandd7eteyssa akeekon oothanaada.

33. 33
Markka Maxaafeta
 Barnnese, J. (1997). Haasaya Hiilla. Briitishe: Kawo yunbberssite.
 Braaden W.(1961). Haasaya Hiillanne Go77a. Niiworkke; Harpperenne Row.
 Bygate M. (1987. Haasaya . Okisppordde yunberssite attamo.
 C.R.Kothari, (2004). Pilggetha Oge, Komersse Kollooje: Rajasttaane Yunberssite;
Jaipur(India).
 Daltton,C. nne Seidlihoofeere, B.(1995). Kooshinchcha. Okisiifooride Yunberssite.
 Fridriike,J. (1953). Haasaya Loohiso Oge 2tho Detha Timirtte Keethan. Newyorkke:
 Hichimaane P. (1966). Doona Haasaya Pilggetha. Lenddene; Mathuune.
Makimilaane kamppane
 Makuriyaa, (2000). Haasaya dhubeta. Amaaratho doonan oothida pilggetha ooso.
 Pilmoona, (2006). Haasay metota. Wolaytatho doonan oothida pilggetha ooso.
 Sareet, etaal. (1995). Haasaya birshshetha. Newyorkke; Haghuton kamppane.
 Tamaane, (1995). 2tho detha tamaareta haasaya metota. Pilggetha ooso.

34. 34
GUJA QONCCISO1: Tamaaretas shiiqida xuufe oysha
Arbba Mincce Yunbberssite Deretetha Saynssenne
Asatetha Kolooje Tophphpiya Doonatanne Bila-
Xuufe Macaran GoofathoDoona Timirtte Kifile
Bonchcho Tamaaretoo!
Ha oyshuwa huuphe qoppobay Goofatho doonan tamaaretas haasaya
bolla de7iya metuwa birshshanawnne sinthas hananaw bessiya
(koshshiya) oge bessanas gidiya gisho tumanne suure zaaro imon
hintte qofa qonccisanaada bonchchora oychchays.
Qofiso: Ha oyshotas zaaro immiya wode:
 Suntha xaafoy koshshenna
 Issi oyshos issi zaaro doorite
 Hintte doorida zaaruwa sinthan de7iya saaxiniya giddon (X)
malaata woson hintte zaaro tillayite.
 Pacce bessan hintte gaathan de7iya (hinttew si7ettiya) qofa
xalaala kunthite.
suure zaaro immiya gisho keeha galatays!!

35. 35
TAMAARETAS SHIIQIDA OYSHOTA
I. Buzo de7o taarike
1. Mattumatetha: Adde Macca
II. Paatetha oyshota
1. Dumma dumma ogetan: iraadoonen, nabbabishe demmidaba, heeran
si7idaba h.h.m intte qofan laggetas kifile giddo qonccisanaada ay keena
qaadi imettii? Ubba wode aadhdhi aadhdhi darenna
keehi guutha
2. Kifile oosota gidin cuga oosota oothanaada ay keena qaadi imettii? Ubba
wode aadhdhi aadhdhi darenna keehi
guutha
3. Kifile oosota gidin cuga oosota oothidappe guye kifile giddo
qonccisanaada awde awde qaadi imettii? Ubba wode aadhdhi
aadhdhi darenna keehi guutha
4. Dumma dumma bila-odata kifile giddon denddidi haasayanaada ay keena
medhdhettiya hanotati de7ii? Ubba wode aadhdhi aadhdhi
darenna keehi guutha
5. Kifile giddo oyshettiya oyshota Goofatho doonan zaaranaada asttamaarey
awde awde minthethii? Ubba wode aadhdhi aadhdhi
darenna keehi guutha
6. Kifile giddo dumma dumma kaaratan palamanaada ay keena qaadi
imettii? Ubba wode aadhdhi aadhdhi darenna
guutha
7. Didirxxata kifile giddo hintte laggetas qonccisanaada ay keena qaadi
imettii? Ubba wode aadhdhi aadhdhi darenna
guutha

36. 36
8. Goofatho doonan haasayidi issiba loythidi qonccisanaw dandda7ettii?
Keehi dandda7ettees dandda7ettees keehi waythees
waythees
9. Timirtte keethan “Goofatho doona gallasa” geetettidi sunthettida
haasaya wodey de7ii? Ee baawa
10.Oysha 10s ne zaaroy “Ee” gidikko waatidi go7etettii?-----------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11.Oysha 10s ne zaaroy “Baawa gidikko gaasoy aybee?------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
12.Miini-miidiyan Goofatho doonan awde awde kiiti aadhdhii? Ubba wode
aadhdhi aadhdhi darenna guutha
13.Goofatho doonan diraamata awde awde oothidi beseetii? Ubba wode
aadhdhi aadhdhi darenna guutha
Intte Immida Zaaruwas Keehada
Galatays!!

37. 37
GUJA QONCCISO2: Asttamaaretas shiiqida xuufe oysha
Arbba Mincce Yunbberssite Deretetha Saynssenne
Asatetha Kolooje Tophphpiya Doonatanne Bila-Xuufe
Macaran Goofatho Doona Timirtte Kifile
Bonchcho Asttamaaretoo:
Ha oyshuwas huuphe qoppobay Goofatho doonan tamaaretas haasaya bolla
de7iya metuwa birshshanawnne sinthas hananaw bessiya (koshshiya) oge
bessanas gidiya gisho tumanne suure zaaro imon hintte qofa qonccisanaada
bonchchoraoychchays.
Qofiso: Ha oyshotas zaaro immiya wode:
 Suntha xaafoy koshshenna.
 Issi oyshos issi zaaro doorite.
 Hintte doorida zaaruwa sinthan de7iya saaxiniya giddon (X) malaata
wosonhintte zaaro tillayite.
 Pacce bessan hintte gaathan de7iya (hinttew si7ettiya) qofa xalaala
kunthite.
suure zaaro immiya gisho keeha
galatays!!

38. 38
I. Buzo Hanota Oysho
1. Mattumatetha Adde Macca
2. Timirtte detha TTI Dipilooma Koyro digire
Nam77antho digire Bolla
3. Anjjettida timirtte qommo: Doona Medheta saynsse
Issipetetha saynsse Haraa
4. Oysha 2as hintte zaaroy “Doona” gidikko bertte timirtte qommoy aybee?-
--------------------
5. Goofatho doona timirtte koyro tamaaridetii? Ee Akkay
II. Paatetha Oyshota
1. Tamaareti Goofatho doona timirtte wode awde awde kifilen kumidi
beettoonaa? Ubba wode Aadhdhi aadhdhi Darenna
Guutha
2. Tamaareti doonan haasayanaada kifile wodeppe karera ay keena imettiya
maadey de7ii? Ubba wode Aadhdhi aadhdhi Darenna
Guutha
3. Tamaareti haasayan luxanada geetettidi dumma dumma diraamata, bila-
odata, didirxxan gakkiyabata kifile gaathan haasayan qonccisinaada ay
keena qaada medhdheettii? Ubba wode Aadhdhi aadhdhi
Darenna Guutha
4. Kifile giddon shiiqiya shiiqotan woy duulatatan Goofatho doonan awde
awde kaalethidi ereettii? Ubba wode Aadhdhi aadhdhi
Darenna Guutha
5. Shiiqotan woy duulatatan tamaareti Goofatho doonan pantta gaatha qofa
qonccisanaada ay keena denthethiya hanotay de7ii? ? Ubba wode
Aadhdhi aadhdhi Darenna Guutha

39. 39
6. Tamaareti Goofatho doonan haasayan pantta qofa qonccisishe hara doona
ay keena walakiya hanoti de7ii? Ubba wode aadhdhi aadhdhi
Darenna Guutha
7. Mini-miidiyan kiitati ay keena Goofatho doonan aadhdhi erii? Ubba
wode Aadhdhi aadhdhi Darenna Guutha
8. Hintte timirtte keethan samintta giddon “Goofatho gallasa” geetettidi
sunthettidi polettiya wodey de7ii? De7ees Baawa
9. Oysha 8s intte zaaroy “De7ees” gidikko saaminttan aapun gallasa
go7etettii? -----------tamaareta hashetethay ay aazii?---------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------.
10.Oysha 14s hintte zaaroy “Baawa” gidikko gaasoy aybee?---------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------sinthas ay hananaw
koshshii?------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------.
Hintte Immida Zaaruwas Keehada Galatays!!

40. 40
GUJA QONCCISO3: Tamaaretas shiiqida qaala oysha
1. Goofatho doona timirtte aapuntho kifileppe doommada tamaaradii?
2. Doona billida doonayaybee?
3. Goofatho doonan haasayidi issiba loythi qonccisonaada dhube gidiyaabay
aybee?
4. Hintte laggeti hintte Goofatho doonan haasayiya wode boroonaa?
5. Yela asati Goofatho doonan haasayanaada minthethoonaa?
6. Goofatho doonan haasayoy yeelayees gidi qoppetii?
7. Woga kibabey hintte timirtte keethan de7ii? De7iyaaba gidikko kushettidi
ereetii?

41. 41
GUJA QONCCISO 4: Kifile giddo xeelos giigida tillayiya warqqate
P.
M
Polettiya oosota Keehi
dhoqqa
Giddy
giddo
Ziqqa Keehi
ziqqa
1 Tamaareta giddoyi tamarsso hanota
(asttamaare)
2 Tamaaretas oyshos de7iya denddetethay
3 Qofa qoncciso hanota zaarota zaarishe
(tamaareta)
4 Doona bolla de7iya wudatetha
5 Doona tishshi udidi go7etetha hanota
(tamaareta)