Eya phosphate - the cancer prevention role
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The recent trend in cell biology and biochemistry is the Eya protein its major role in treating cancer and how is it caused.
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Oncogenic Ras promotes the survival of cancer cells detached from the extracellular matrix (ECM) through distinct downstream pathways. Ras activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling to regulate metabolism in detached cells, but surprisingly does not do so through Akt. Instead, Ras utilizes serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) to promote ATP generation. Additionally, Ras blocks anoikis or detachment-induced apoptosis by reducing expression of the phosphatase PHLPP1, which activates p38 MAPK to induce anoikis. Thus, Ras facilitates survival of detached cancer cells through divergent effectors to regulate metabolism and anoikis.
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sequences. As mutations in the myostatin gene can inactivate its expression and result in a
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Sequence Characterization of Coding Regions of the Myostatin Gene (GDF8) from...
The Bakerwal breed of goat in Kashmir valley is a good meat purpose breed of goat. That attains
an appreciable body weight under a low input production system. As these goats are mainly
reared by Gujjar and Bakarwal tribes of the J & K state, so they usually are fed with the weeds,
herbs, shrubs and grasses of pastures that will otherwise go waste. These goats constitute the
main livestock wealth. With the good productive and reproductive potential, it makes these animals
an important animal protein source for developing countries like India. The myostatin gene
(GDF8) is important in the physiology of stock animals because its product produces a direct effect
on muscle development and consequently also on meat production. The myostatin sequence is
known in several mammalian species and shows a high degree of amino acid sequence conservation,
although several alterations in the intron and exon regions have been identified. The objective
of our work is to characterize the myostatin coding regions using gene sequencing and polymerase
chain reaction methods of Capra hircus (Bakerwal breed) and to compare them with the
Ovis aries and other livestock species of animal, looking for variations in nucleotide and protein
sequences. As mutations in the myostatin gene can inactivate its expression and result in a
non-functional protein, which leads to increase in muscle growth in many species. In this way, weare able to identify 3 alterations on the presumed myostatin protein sequence as compared to non
double-muscled ovine sequences.
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herbs, shrubs and grasses of pastures that will otherwise go waste. These goats constitute the
main livestock wealth. With the good productive and reproductive potential, it makes these animals
an important animal protein source for developing countries like India. The myostatin gene
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on muscle development and consequently also on meat production. The myostatin sequence is
known in several mammalian species and shows a high degree of amino acid sequence conservation,
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sequences. As mutations in the myostatin gene can inactivate its expression and result in a
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The Bakerwal breed of goat in Kashmir valley is a good meat purpose breed of goat. That attains
an appreciable body weight under a low input production system. As these goats are mainly
reared by Gujjar and Bakarwal tribes of the J & K state, so they usually are fed with the weeds,
herbs, shrubs and grasses of pastures that will otherwise go waste. These goats constitute the
main livestock wealth. With the good productive and reproductive potential, it makes these animals
an important animal protein source for developing countries like India. The myostatin gene
(GDF8) is important in the physiology of stock animals because its product produces a direct effect
on muscle development and consequently also on meat production. The myostatin sequence is
known in several mammalian species and shows a high degree of amino acid sequence conservation,
although several alterations in the intron and exon regions have been identified. The objective
of our work is to characterize the myostatin coding regions using gene sequencing and polymerase
chain reaction methods of Capra hircus (Bakerwal breed) and to compare them with the
Ovis aries and other livestock species of animal, looking for variations in nucleotide and protein
sequences. As mutations in the myostatin gene can inactivate its expression and result in a
non-functional protein, which leads to increase in muscle growth in many species. In this way, weare able to identify 3 alterations on the presumed myostatin protein sequence as compared to non
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This document discusses epigenetic modifications of proteins. It begins by defining epigenetics and describing how epigenetic modifications can alter gene expression without changing DNA sequences. It then focuses on histone modifications like acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation. The document also examines epigenetic modifications of specific proteins - Sox2, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein a (C/EBPa), and caveolae associated proteins. It provides details on studies that analyzed the methylation of promoters for these genes in cancer cell lines and patient samples.
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Eya phosphate - the cancer prevention role
- 1. THE EYA PHOSPHATASE Its unique role in cancer 2018-02-15 K.Guna Pragna 16BCE0942 1
- 2. What is Eya protein?? • The Eya proteins were originally identified as essential transcriptional co- activators of the Six family of homeoproteins. • Eya proteins were first identified as essential co-activators of the Six family of homeoproteins, which are expressed during early embryogenesis and essential for the development of numerous organs • Given below is the representation of the eya protein. 2018-02-15 K. Guna Pragna 16BCE0942 2
- 3. 2018-02-15 K.Guna Pragna 16BCE0942 3
- 4. Composition of Eya protein • Subsequently, the highly conserved C-terminal domains of the Eya proteins were discovered to act as a Mg2+-dependentTyr phosphatases, making Eyas the first transcriptional activators to harbor intrinsic phosphatase activity 2018-02-15 K.Guna Pragna 16BCE0942 4
- 5. Eya protein in Cancer cells • Only two direct targets of the EyaTyr phosphatase have been identified: H2AX, whose dephosphorylation directs cells to the DNA repair instead of the apoptotic pathway upon DNA damage, and ERβ, whose dephosphorylation inhibits its anti- tumor transcriptional activity. • The EyaTyr phosphatase mediates breast cancer cell transformation, migration, invasion, as well as metastasis, through targets not yet identified. 2018-02-15 K.Guna Pragna 16BCE0942 5
- 6. 2018-02-15 K.Guna Pragna 16BCE0942 6
- 7. Why the Eya protein is used in the cancer cells?? • Intriguingly, the N-terminal domain of Eya contains a separate Ser/Thr phosphatase activity implicated in innate immunity and in regulating c- Myc stability. • Thus, Eya proteins are highly complex, containing two separable phosphatase domains and a transcriptional activation domain, thereby influencing tumor progression through multiple mechanisms. • The many functions of the phosphatase activities of Eya proteins using the 526 amino acid-mEya3 is given below 2018-02-15 K.Guna Pragna 16BCE0942 7
- 8. 2018-02-15 K.Guna Pragna 16BCE0942 8
- 9. Steps to cure cancer by Eya protein…. 1) TheTyr phosphatase activity of Eya 2) Eya’s Ser/Thr phosphatase activity 3) Targeting the Eya phosphatase for potential cancer therapy 2018-02-15 K.Guna Pragna 16BCE0942 9
- 10. Mechanism of Eya Protien… • Eya proteins are critical for the development of multiple organs, in part by acting with Six proteins to promote proliferation and survival of progenitor cell populations. Mutations in Six1 and Eyas lead to various genetic disorders.The crystal structure of maltose binding protein fused Six1 in complex with Eya2 ED has been determined, revealing the molecular details of the Eya2 ED-Six1 interaction, as well as the structural basis of mutations causing branchio-oto-renal syndrome. • Six and Eya family members are typically down regulated after organ development is complete, but various Six and Eya family members are re- expressed in multiple tumor types, including ovarian breast Overexpression of either Six1 or Eya correlates with recurrence, metastasis, and decreased overall survival in a variety of tumor types. 2018-02-15 K.Guna Pragna 16BCE0942 10
- 11. 2018-02-15 K.Guna Pragna 16BCE0942 11