Extreme oil rig

A
Seminar Report
On

“OIL EXPLORATION & DRILLING USING EXTREME OIL RIG”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of Bachelor’s Degree in technology of the

RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
KOTA

[Session 2008-2012]

Submitted to : Submitted by :

Mr. VAIBHAV SINGH ABHISHEK TANWAR
Lect. ME, 08EJEME002
Mech. Deptt. B-Tech , 4th yr

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Jaipur Engineering College
Kukas , Jaipur

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that ABHISHEK TANWAR has completed necessary
Seminar work & prepared the report on “ OIL EXPLORATION & DRILLING
USING EXTREME OIL RIG ” in satisfactory manner as the partial fulfillment
for the requirement of the degree of B.Tech (Mechanical Engineering) of
Rajasthan Technical University, Kota at Jaipur Engineering College, Kukas
Under the guidance of his faculty within his time limit and his full effort to
make his Seminar good.

Vaibhav Singh
Lecturer
Mechanical Engg. Department
Jaipur Engineering College

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Everything is difficult before it becomes easy. This transition comes through

Because of certain persons who by their pioneering effort their

unmarketable mark of product. I can but only thank them with gratitude.

I am very much thankful to Mr. D.N. Naresh ( H.O.D , Deptt. Of Mechanical

Engineering) for giving us permission to take a seminar on the topic “Oil

exploration & drilling using extreme oil rig”.

I am sincerely indebted to Mr. Vaibhav singh ( seminar coordinator, DOME )

and all mechanical faculties of jec , those give me a good support .

Last but not the least, I am thankful to all those who directly or

indirectly bestow me a helping hand at the hour of need.

ABHISHEK TANWAR

ME08002

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Preface

To present a seminar on a topic in front of many of people is a difficult task but

is mandatory in Engineering services for engineers. Thus presenting the

seminar on a specific topic is just the preparation of that task. So seminar

presentation has been added to the syllabus of B.tech program.

For presenting a topic it is necessary to be aware of that topic, thus making

seminar presentation clears the concept of the student and also listeners get

the knowledge about that topic.

It is my fortune to give presentation on extreme oil rig . I got copious opportunity

to learn the overall working of extreme oil rig. I would like to thank

Mr. Vaibhav Singh for giving me opportunity to present this topic.

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Abstract

OIL EXPLORATION & DRILLING USING EXTREME OIL RIG
Key words: oil, exploration, drilling, rig, off-shore, seismic, hydrocarbon.

Oil is a non-renevable enery source and is one of the driving forces of
world‟s economy.Crude oil is located on different part of the Earth
under the soil. Majority of the oil is under the sea, thus off-shore oil
exploration is more demanding and challenging.So, we required the
extreme oil rig i.e EIRIK RAUDE ,which is world‟s modern 5th generation
oil rig using ultimate techniques to explore oil and dig well through ultra
deep water. Oil exploration, drilling, refining, storage and transportation
are some of the major stages of the entire oil production process. This
seminar presents oil exploration and different drilling techniques used in
this industry.
I hope, this report will be useful for anyone new to oil exploration and
drilling.

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Contents

1. Introduction ……..…………………………………………………....................... 7
2. History ………………………………………………………………………………………….8
2.1 What is petroleum………………………………………………………………… 8
2.2How hydrocarbon are formed………........................................... 8
3. Locating oil ………………………………………………………………………………. 9
3.1 Seismic survey………………………………………………………………………… 9
4. Oil drilling preparation ……………………………………………………………….10
4.1 Drilling a well…...........................................................................11
5. Oil rig system …………………………………………………………………………….. 12
6. Testing oil ………………………………………………………………………………….. 13
7. Types of oil rig ………........................................................................ 14
8. Work force …………………………………………………………………………………. 14
9. Well completion ………………………………………………………………………… 16
10. Welcome to ultra deep rigs ……………………………………………………… 17
11. Rig history………………………………………………………………………………… 18
12. Overall configuration of EIRIK RAUDE ……………………………………… 19
13. EIRIK RAUDE pipe handling system ………………………………………… 23
14. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………… 27
15. Reference……………………………………………………………………………….. 28

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1. Introduction
Oil drilling is the process by which tubing is bored through the Earth's surface and a
well is established. After drilling the well flows by its self pressure or a pump is connected
to the tube and the petroleum under the surface is forcibly recovered from underground. Oil
drilling is a highly-specialized business that grew into the largest industry on the planet by
the early 21st century

Offshore oil rigs work round the clock, enabling the uninterrupted production of oil.
Different types of offshore oil rigs can drill wells in shallow coastal waters or in waters
thousands of feet deep, with offshore drilling technology advancing each year

A rig is the machine used to
drill a wellbore. In onshore
operations, the rig includes
virtually everything except
living quarters. Major
components of the rig
include the mud tanks, the
mud pumps, the derrick and
mast, the draw works, the
rotary table or topdrive, the
drillstring, the power
generation equipment and
auxiliary equipment.
Offshore, the rig includes the same components as onshore, but mounted in special floating
platform or installed in a drill ship. The floating platform could be a submersible type or a
jack up type. Offshore rigs can be of various types depending on the water depth.

Oil drilling commences with the insertion of a hole that is normally 36 inches in diameter.
This hole is made with an equipment called a drilling rig, and a drilling string is attached to
the rig. After the hole is created, a section of tubing, made out of steel, is inserted in the
hole. At this point, a drill bit, which can either compress the rock or just cut and threw it,
moves through the rock. Fluid is used both to help wear down the rock and to fetch up bits
of rock that have already been sheared from the surface

A lot of additional operations are performed during drilling including logging
(measurement versus depth or time, or both, of one or more physical quantities in or around
a well) testing, completion etc.

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2. History
Over five thousand years ago, oil that had come up through the ground was being
used in medication, lighting, paints and for waterproofing boats. Lighting in many homes
was made possible by whale oil until the whale numbers dropped and increased the price of
this oil. The demand for oil increased and many companies began looking for ways to find
other sources or an alternative to oil. Coal oil was then found and used until a process for
drilling for crude oil was developed. At first land oil wells were drilled then with the
increased demand people began to look to drilling beneath the sea for this black gold.
Over the years the oil industry has further developed and has expanded oil fields into deeper
water and further away from land. Safety has become a serious issue that has improved over
the years and now enables all employees to be safe and well prepared in case of disaster with
full training provided by employers.
Crude oil or Petroleum is created by the formation of animal and plant remains that become
buried deep into the seabed as the years progress. The material will then decompose into
petroleum and seep into the layers in the rocks. As the tectonic plates of the earth move the
oil is then gathered into pools then drained through oil wells.
2.1 What is Petroleum?
Oil is commonly formed in rock or in sealed pockets under
the seabed / at subsurface and it is from the Latin for „rock
oil‟ that the word „Petroleum‟ is derived, though this name
also covers natural gas as well as oil. Chemically it is a
complex mixture of hydrogen and carbon with slight amount
of other organics, thus called hydro-carbon. The term crude
oil is commonly used for the product which is not undergone
refining process. The crude oil is classified as sweet if it has
very little sulphur in it, and is classified as sour if it has a
great deal of sulfur in it. So a crude oil will usually be called
something like a sweet, light oil, or a sour, heavy oil. The
color of crude oil can range from pure black or dark brown to
greenish or yellowish, depending on the composition.

2.2. How Hydrocarbons are formed?
Petroleum was formed from the remains of marine plant and animal life which existed many
millions of years ago (hence it is known as a fossil fuel). Some of these remains were
deposited along with rock-forming sediments under the sea where they were decomposed
anaerobically (without oxygen) by bacteria which changed the fats in the sediments into
fatty acids which were then changed into an asphaltic material called kerogen. This was then
converted over millions of years into petroleum by the combined action of heat and pressure.
At an early stage the organic material was squeezed out of its original sedimentary mud into
adjacent sandstones. Small globules of oil collected together in the pores of the rock and
eventually migrated upwards through layers of porous rock by the action of the oil's own

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surface tension (capillary action), by the force of water movement within the rock, and by
gas pressure. This migration ended either when the petroleum emerged through a fissure as a
seepage of gas or oil onto the earth's surface, or when it was trapped in porous reservoir
rocks, such as sandstone or limestone, in anticlines and other traps below impervious rock
layers.

3. Locating Oil
Whether employed directly by an oil company or under contract from a private firm,
geologists are the ones responsible for finding oil. Their task is to find the right conditions
for oil trap the right source rock, reservoir rock and entrapment. Many years ago, geologists
interpreted surface features, surface rock and soil types, and perhaps some small core
samples obtained by shallow drilling. Modern oil geologists also examine surface rocks and
terrain, with the additional help of satellite images. However, they also use a variety of other
methods to find oil. Finally, and most commonly, they use seismology, creating shock waves
that pass through hidden rock layers and interpreting the waves that are reflected back to the
surface.

3.1 Siesmic Survey
In seismic surveys, a shock wave is created by the following:

Compressed-air gun - shoots pulses of air into the water (for exploration over
water)
Thumper truck - slams heavy plates into the ground (for exploration over land)
Explosives - detonated after being drilled into the ground (for exploration over land)
or thrown overboard (for exploration over water)

A seismic wave is energy that moves through the earth as a result of an earthquake /
artificially made by
exploding dynamite
or made by special
vibrators. When a
seismic survey is
conducted, seismic
waves are usually
generated by
dynamite or by
special vibrators
mounted on trucks.
These vibroseis
trucks, as they are
known, are often
used if the use of
dynamite could
cause serious
damage to the surroundings. The trucks use heavy metal plates weighing in at over 3
tons that are placed in contact with the ground, and which are then struck with heavy
hammers.

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At offshore, seismic surveys are being conducted by special ships equipped with air guns
to produce shock waves and reflections are captured by hydrophones (geophone).

As the seismic waves pass through the earth and encounter different materials, some of
their energy is reflected off the boundaries between the different strata while other waves
will pass through. The reflected energy returns to the surface, where its speed and
strength is measured by special detectors, known as geophones. The geophones convert
the movement of the ground into electrical signals, which are then digitized by
seismometers. These signals are then processed by computers. The speed and strength of
the reflected waves depends on the density of the strata they encounter. Rock becomes
denser the deeper underground it is located, but pockets of gas and oil have a much
lower density. The denser the material is, the faster the waves will be reflected. As the
seismic waves encounter lower density materials, more of their energy passes through.
By analyzing the time it takes for the waves to be reflected, geologists can build an
accurate image of the subsoil by using 3D seismic interpretation software.

Analysis of the seismic data provides vital information on petroleum geology of the area
of interest. This information can tell us the possibility of hydrocarbon reserve
availability, its depth from surface etc. Once these data are available, the company /
government decide to explore further for oil or abandon the project, if found
economically / technically not feasible.

The land may be leased to oil operating companies for a particular period, receiving a
profit from the oil produced, or the land owner arrange to drill and produce the oil.
Whatever it may be, the drilling contractor has to start to drill a well. An oil / gas well is
drilled from earth‟s surface to the depth indicated by seismologists. This could be
thousands of feet deeper.

4. Preparation for oil drilling
Once the site has been selected, scientists survey the area to determine its boundaries, and
conduct environmental impact studies if necessary. The oil company may need lease
agreements, titles and right-of way accesses before drilling the land. For off-shore sites,
legal jurisdiction must be determined.

After the legal issues are settled, the crew goes about preparing the land:

1. The land must be cleared and leveled, and access roads may be built.
2. Because water is used in drilling, there must be a source of water nearby. If there is
no natural source, the crew drills a water producing well.
3. The crew digs a reserve pit, which is used to dispose of rock cuttings and drilling
mud during the drilling process, and lines it with plastic to protect the environment.
If the site is an ecologically sensitive area, such as a marsh or wilderness, then the
cuttings and mud must be disposed of offsite -- trucked away instead of placed in a
pit.

Once the land has been prepared, the onshore rig is moved to location. As the rig is moved
part by part in many trucks, it needed to be assembled together at the site. This preparation is

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known as rigging up. A rectangular pit called a cellar is dug around the location of the
actual drilling hole. The cellar provides a work space around the hole for the workers and
drilling accessories. The crew then begins drilling the main hole, often with a small drill
truck rather than the main rig. The first part of the hole is larger and shallower than the main
portion, and is lined with a large-diameter conductor pipe.

Depending upon the remoteness of the drill site and its access, it may be necessary to bring
in equipment by truck, helicopter or barge. Some rigs are built on ships or barges for work
on inland water where there is no foundation to support a rig (as in marshes or lakes).

4.1 Drilling a well

Normally drilling of a new well may take few weeks, and there will be cementing,
perforation, well stimulation, well testing, well logging etc, before they hand over the well to
production. Mostly new wells will take about 2-3 months to complete. For exploration wells,
as the reservoir conditions are not known, every moment the program is expected to change,
though the entire drilling process will be done according to
the standard drilling manual of the operating company.

Once the drilling to a particular depth is over, a steel casing
(large OD pipe) is lowered and cemented, this will avoid any
caving in. Then a little smaller diameter hole is drilled and at
a particular depth it is again cased and cemented. The drilling
continues with smaller diameter hole and a tubing is lowered
with or without special locks (nipples) sliding doors (SSD),
gas lifting valves (GLM), safety valves etc. The preparation,
allocation, testing and lowering of these items with steel tubing are called well completion.

Just after the drilling is over, the test completion string is run in hole to test the well to find
out its characteristics. Perforation of pay zone, well stimulation etc are may be required,
according to the well drilling and testing program. Once the well testing is over, the final
completion is run and the well will be handed over to production. The entire procedure is
depended on the objective of the well, the reservoir under study, and the method of lifting
the oil. The oil operating company will have a guide line for the complete drilling, testing
and completion of the particular well.

Once the well is completed as per the program, company has to wait for the pipe lines to be
installed for transferring the crude oil / gas to the separating / processing stations. In the case
of onshore wells, the pipe lines are connected directly to well head.

For offshore, to install the well head and associated equipment, a platform may have to
build. The pipe lines are connected to well head and will be laid down at sea-bed. Typically
a well head platform will accommodate 6-20 wells. This will reduce the investment spend on
building a platform at sea. Though the well heads installed in an array on the platform, the
wells will be drilled in different angles, by employing directional drilling techniques.

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5. Oil Drilling Rig – Parts and Functions
Once the equipment is at the site, the crew sets the rig up. Here are the major systems of a
land oil rig:
Engine - Device converting the combustion of fuel and air into mechanical energy, used to
drive the drilling mechanism of rig.
Substructure - Metal infrastructure that supports the derrick, engines and auxiliary
equipment.
Vibrating mudscreen (shale shaker) - Perforated vibrating tray that is used to filter mud as
it exits the well to remove debris and recycle the mud. Samples are collected for analysis by
mud engineer.
Lifting hook - Steel part that is attached to the traveling block; it is used to support the
swivel and the drill pipes.
Derrick - Metal
structure erected
over an oil well;
tools for drilling
through rock are
raised and
lowered through
it. While drill
pipes are running
in hole, the
derrick man
engages the pipes
to lifting hook.
Crown block -
is the Mechanical
device that is
mounted on top of
the derrick; it has
several pulleys
and, with the
traveling block, it
supports the drill
pipes.
Drilling Mud – Is the chemical mixture pumping down to the well being drilled. The
major role of mud is to counter-act and over balance the well pressure during drilling. Also
mud acts as a coolant and as a media to bring the drill cuttings to surface. These cuttings will
be inspected by the well site mud engineer and geologist to find the presence of hydrocarbon
and to get any other useful information related to the rock / area being drilled.
Mud pump - Device that circulates the mud in the drilling rig.
Mud injection hose - Flexible hose that introduces the drilling mud into the swivel.
Mud pit - Pit that contains mud (a mixture of water, clay and chemical products) used to
counter-act the pressure from the area being drilled.
Drilling draw-works - Device that consists of a cylinder on which hoisting cables are
wound, it is used to lower the drill pipes and bit into the well and to lift them out.
Swivel - Piece attached to the lifting hook and the kelly; it is used to introduce mud into the
drill pipe to cool and lubricate the bit.

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Traveling block - Movable mechanical device with pulleys; it is attached by cable to the
crown block and fitted with a lifting hook.
Drill pipe - Hollow steel rods that are joined together according to the depth of the well;
their rotation activates the bit.
Drill collar - Heavy steel tube immediately
above the bit that applies a certain weight to
the bit to help it cut into the rock. This will
work as a connection from drill bit to drill
pipe.
Bit - Rotating drill bit with toothed steel or
diamond wheels; it bores into rock to break it
up and drill a hole. Depend on the rock being
drilled, and the hole size, the bits are selected.
Rotary table - Circular table that is moved by
powerful motors; it transmits its rotational
movement to the drill pipes by means of the
kelly.
Kelly -Special square rod that is screwed to
the top of the drill pipes and driven by the
rotary table.

6. Testing Oil
Drilling continues in stages: The crew drills, then runs and cements new casings, then drills
again. When the rock cuttings from the mud reveal the oil sand from the reservoir rock, the
crew may have reached the well's final depth. At this point, crew members remove the drill
pipe from the hole and perform several tests to confirm this finding:

 Well logging - lowering complex electronic sensors interfaced to computers into the
hole to take measurements of the rock.
 Drill-stem testing - lowering a mechanicsl device into the hole to study the integrity
of cementing, study of reservoir
 Core samples - taking samples of rock to look for characteristics of reservoir rock.
 Once they have reached the final depth, the crew
completes the well to allow oil to flow into the
casing in a controlled manner.
 First, they lower a perforating gun into the well to
the production depth. The gun has explosive charges
to create holes in the casing through which oil can
flow. After the casing has been perforated, they run a
small-diameter pipe (tubing) into the hole as a
conduit for oil and gas to flow up through the well.
 Finally, they connect a multi-valved structure called
a Christmas tree to the top of the tubing and cement
it to the top of the casing. The Christmas tree allows them to control the flow of oil
from the well.

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7. Types of Off Shore Oil Rig
There are some main types of MODUs:

 A jackup is a rig that sits on top of a floating barge. A ship tows the barge to the
drilling site. Once positioned, the jackup can extend legs down to the sea floor. The
legs are loaded in such a way that they don't penetrate the floor. Once each leg is
secure, the jackup continues to ratchet the legs so that the platform rises above the
water level. This keeps the rig safe from tidal
motions and waves. Jackups can operate in depths
of up to 525 feet (160 meters).
 Drill ships are ships that have a drilling rig on the
top deck. The drill operates through a hole in the
hull. Drill ships can pilot to the drill site and then
use a combination of anchors and propellers to
correct for drift as the rig drills for oil. They can
operate in deep water conditions.

 Semi-submersibles float on the surface
of the ocean on top of huge, submerged
pontoons. Some have propulsion
systems, which allow them to navigate
to drilling sites under their own power
while others require a second vessel to
tow them to the right location. Most use
several anchors -- up to a dozen -- that
help maintain the structure's orientation.
Computers control the tension on each anchor chain to correct for drift.

8. Work Force
The rig is headed by the rig manager (tool pusher-
old name) and for the night shift the in-charge will
be assistant rig manager (tour pusher- old name).
Driller: He will undertake a high responsibility
level and is responsible for what goes on above
and on the rig floor. This person has a good
background of technical knowledge and drill
experience. They operate the drill equipment that
will create the hole in the seabed. They also have a
great kn owledge about the well pressure systems,
drilling fluids/ characteristics and emergency
procedures.
Assistant Driller: This person works as the supervisor for the Roughneck.

Derrickman. The tasks include the assistance to the driller and perform the tasks required
when a drilling operation is in session.

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Derrick-man: Obtained this name as they spend a lot of their time on top of the derrick-
racking pipe and can otherwise be found in the pump room. Can also be required to mix the
drilling fluids or mud and ensure the mix is accurate with the correct chemicals and
consistency.
Roughneck: This person generally works on the rig floor. Responsible for the machines
and equipment that is used for the drilling operation. Usually works in a group of three
Pump-man / Motorman: This person works as the assistant to the Derrick-man and can
work in the mud pump room or assist as a roughneck on the drill floor when required.
Also known as Assistant Derrick-man.
Radio officer – He handles all incoming and out going communications, especially all
wireless communications with supply vessels and helicopters. Past days when there was
no means of advanced communication equipment, he was the focal point for all
communications which was done using either radio waves or morse code. At times he
acts as helicopter landing officer too.
Medic: He is the medical doctor on board to handle any medical emergency. If the
Medical condition of patient can not be handled at rig site, then the causality will be sent
to onshore facilities.
Materials coordinator / Store Keeper – He will have full inventory control of all spares
and other items required for smooth running of rig jobs. Any requirement for rig spares /
tools will be ordered by materials coordinator.

Other than rig crew, there may be following service company personals, depend on the
type of well and stage drilling / testing / completion. All these service companies will
have a agreement with the oil operating company. Basically drill rig also contracted to oil
operating company for drilling wells as per operating company requirement.

Company Man / Company representative / Drilling Superintendent: He is the head of
the drill site – Representative of the oil operating company. The rig crew and any service
company at site should report to him. He will be in close contact with the shore / town
office of the operating company.
Safety officer: He will be looking after the over all safety related issues of the rig site.
He will conduct a safety briefing to any new person arrived at site. He will make sure all
safety related equipment are properly maintained and ready to use, if an emergency
arises.
H2S Officer: He will be present onsite if the well under drilling / testing has hydrogen
sulphide gas present. Hydrogen sulphide is a killer gas, even in less concentration.
He will make sure all breathing apparatus and H2S monitors are ready to use. Also
should measure the H2S levels at well head, before drill crew / service company
personals approaching it for well operations.
Completion Engineer / Specialist: He co-ordinate with reservoir engineers, production
engineers, drilling supervisors and prepare the final completion diagram for the well, as
per the requirement made by oil company. He has to make sure all the items used in the
down hole are accurately measured, tallied and entered in the drawing.
Directional drilling crew : They are the specialist people who provide equipment and
service to rig for drilling highly deviated / horizontal wells.
Well logging crew (E line crew): Are the personals with specialized electrical cable unit
and complex electronic down hole tools for well logging. Well logging is done by
lowering conductive cable connected with special electronic sensors to desired depth and
view / record the down hole data at surface. These data are analyzed to get more detailed
and precise information about the reservoir under study. They may do perforation of the

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reservoir zones. Usually a group of 4-5 personals.
Well Testing Group: Those are the personals who does the initial well testing at surface.
Their study includes chemical and physical characteristics of the well content, which is
flown to surface. During their study, they will assess the well‟s properties, which may
include the maximum allowable production rate, gas oil ratio, etc. The group will have 4-
12 people or more depend on the objective of well testing.
Well Testing Engineer / Petroleum Engineer / Production Engineer: He will execute the
well test job as per the program issued by oil company reservoir engineers. Also will
coordinate with logging crew / slcik line crew for the down hole data during well testing.
Slick-line / Wireline crew: They will have special non conductive steel cable unit and
associated mechanical down hole tools for well intervention. This cable is used to deploy
the down hole tools which may include removal / replacement of down hole valves, plug
the well, deploy mechanical or electronic down hole instruments on memory mode which
is used for reservoir data acquisition etc.. Usually crew will have 3-5 personals.
Coil Tubing Crew – (CT unit): Coiled tubing unit will have a 1” or 1.5” continuous
hollow tubing reeled in a drum, which can be lowered to the well using hydraulic driven
units. Coiled tubing unit mainly used for acid jobs, Nitrogen lifting, fishing operations
etc. The crew will have 6-8 people.
Mud Engineer: Will analyze the drill cuttings coming from hole, and will get the
information of the rock being drilled. Also will advise the correct mud to be used for
Drilling
Well site Geologist / geo-physicist: To handle the information related to down hole
rock properties in special cases.

9. Well Completion
Once a well has been drilled and verified to be commercially viable, it must be completed
to allow for the flow of oil or gas. The completion
process involves the strengthening of the well walls
with casing and installing the appropriate equipment
to control the flow of oil or gas from the well.
Casing consists of a stacked series of metal pipes
installed into the new well in order to strengthen the
walls of the well hole, to prevent fluids and gases
from seeping out of the well as it is brought to the
surface, and to prevent other fluids or gases from
entering the rock formations through which the well
was drilled.
Casing extends from the surface to the bottom of the well and is typically steel pipe with a
diameter that may range from 7 to 36 inches. Casing with a diameter slightly smaller than
that of the well hole is inserted into the well, and a wet cement slurry is pumped between the
casing and the sides of the well. Casing is installed as the well is progressively drilled
deeper. The top interval of the well, extending from the surface to a depth below the
lowermost drinking water zone, is the first to be completed, being cemented from the surface
to below the drinking water zone. Next, a smaller diameter hole is drilled to a lower depth,
and then that segment is completed. This process may be repeated several times until the
final drilling depth is reached.

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Welcome to
Ultra Deep Water Harsh Environment Semi Submersible Rigs

17

Rig History

Eirik Raude

Hull buildt in Dalian China

First stage outfitting in Pascagoula, Mississippi
Final outfitting: Halifax Shipyard, Nova Scotia, Canada – 2002

Upgraded in Ølen Norway, 8 point mooring system, Zero discharge ,
Additional winterization

The rig is carrying UK Safety Case and AoC for Norway

Eirik Raude has drilled

28 deepwater wells, 9 of these in harsh environment. Canada, Cuba,

UK West of Shetland , Norwegian Sea Norway,

Gulf of Mexico and Ghana and 5 shallow water wells in harsh

environment (Barents Sea) Norway

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OVERALL CONFIGURATION OF EIRIK RAUDE

EIRIK RAUDE is the latest 5th generation semi-submersible floating rig, which capable to
drill well not just in deep water but ultra deep water.
Its name is based on the person named ‘EIRIK THE RED’ who discovered ICE LAND.
First voyage starts from „HALIFAX HARBOUR‟,CANADA and drill its first well at east
cost of Canada at Nova Scotia.
Normal oil rigs can drill about 4000 feet but EIRIK can drill 10,000 feet.
Not fixed to ocean floor but float on two massive submerged PONTOONS.
The system of 6 giant thruster hold the rig while drilling using special system
called DYNAMIC POSITIONING (DP).
o From sea bed EIRIK can drill 20,000 feet through the earth.

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REASON BEHIND THIS INVENTION

As we burn away more of the fossil fuel, exploration of oiling gas is moved from land to sea.
Insecurity feel by oil company to fill spontaneous demand.
Due to limited length of leg of short oil rig unable to fixed in deep water.

1. BRIDGE
2. SAFETY
3. THRUSTER ROOM (DP)
4. ROV CONTROL ROOM
5. DRILL FLOOR
6. ACCOMMODATION BLOCK

BRIDGE

Main control room
All system are checked before made its voyage from the watch full eye of the captain from
the bridge.

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SAFETY

Equipped with latest „PROD LAUNCH‟ life boat system.

THRUSTER ROOM

6 thruster each driven by gigantic electric motor.
Max. 750 rpm of shaft.
If all 6 thruster can run with full power ,EIRIK could produce 600 tonnes of thrust & would
use 16500 thousand gallons of fuel a day.
At top speed of 7 miles/hr gulp 1000 gallons of fuel/mile.
So, it is also a huge guzzler of oil.
It uses the system called DYNAMIC POSITIONING (DP) to hold its place above the well.
DP uses 6 global positioning satellite at a time to find out exactly where it is.
This system is so powerful that EIRIK hold its position within a feet even in 52 foot wave &
60 mile/hr winds.

ROV CONTROL ROOM

Small submarine called „REMOTELY OPERATED VEHICLE‟ which is used to keep eye
on advancement underneath the sea.
Normal ROV operate upto 4000 feet but EIRIK‟s ROV can operate about 12000 feet.

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DRILL FLOOR

In any rig the heart of operation is the drill floor.

First use to drill a pilot well by using 12inch bit & to check dangerous gas leak.

Section consists of drill bit motor & sensors.

More than 24hrs to lower 66 section of pipe to reach the sea bed 6000 feet below.

ACCOMMODATION BLOCK
It is situated at front of the rig as far as possible from the danger of drilling
Because drill floor is at the center of rig
It contains
1. 11 OFFICES
2. CABINS
3. BRIDGE
4. CANTEEN
5. AND EIRIK’S OWN HOSPITAL
6. 140 ER PERSONS TOTAL CAPACITY
7. GALLEY AND MESS HOUSE
8. DAY ROOM NONE SMOKING & DAY ROOM SMOKING
9. TV LOUNGE SMOKING &NON SMOKING
10.SAUNA
11.GYMNASIUM

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Eirik Raude Pipe Handling System:

Hydralift Pipe Handling System

Equipped with automatic Pipe Handling System

– Hydra Racker with offline stand building capacity

– Variable Fingerboard

– Remotely Operated Iron Roughneck

– Knuckle Boom Crane – Handling tubulars from Deck to Forward

Catwalk
– Riser Gantry Crane – Handling risers to the Aft Catwalk

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Eirik Raude & Leiv Eiriksson Thrusters

o 6 of KAMEWA Aquamaster UCC 7001

o 4 Blade, modified Kaplan

o Diameter 4.1m

o Max RPM 157

o Thrust 100 ton each

o 6 of ABB electrical thruster motor AMB 710 L 8L VAFTMB 5,500 kW each

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The Bingo 9000 Concept

 Environmentally friendly - zero spill systems, low emissions

 Large, comfortable accommodation –
140 ER & 120 LE

 Powerful DP Class 3 station keeping systems for

 ultra-deep water operations and harsh environment

 Eirik Raude 70 to 3000 meters water depth
 High variable deck load of 6,700 mt

 Automated pipe handling system

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Eirik Raude & Leiv Eiriksson Dynamic Position System

Kongsberg Integrated Automation System DP Class 3
Dynamic Positioning (SDP)
The SDP controls the position of the unit
·On-Line DP capability analyses
·Consequence analyses
·Black-out prevention
·Motion prediction
·Riser angle monitoring
Main DP station on bridge
·3 SDP operators stations
·1 SDP simulator/trainer
·1 DPC-32 triple redundant controller unit
·1 DP data logger with printer
Thruster Control (STC)

The STC allows the operator to control
the thrusters individually, manual mode or auto pilot mode
Main DP station on bridge, 1 STC operator station
·Back-up control room, 1 STC operator station

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Conclusions

This material is prepared on the basis of general idea how the oil field is working in
Middle east region. There are many different methods used for drilling and
production of oil in other parts of the world. Since , fossil fuel on land is depleting, so
we have to search under ocean bed but without such monster rig like EIRIK RAUDE it,
can‟t be possible. The life cycle of oil is a long one. It starts from millions of years back,
when fossils are formed to till the moment we use it in many form in our day to day life.
Passing through many steps to extract and use oil, we can see many of the engineering
technologies are involved in it. To name a few are, remote sensing engineering ( the technology
used to capture the data usingsatellite), seismic studies, geography, geology,
physics, petro‐physics, chemistry, mining, drilling, mechanical, instrumentation, refining,
mud‐engineering (it is a part of chemical engineering), electronics, computer science,
communication and so on.

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References

 Discovery Documentary

 Web Site: http://www.google.com

 Web Site: http://www.transformia.info

 Web Site: http://www.ocean-rig.com

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