This document provides a PESTLE analysis of the social and economic situation in Romania. It analyzes factors such as the country's unstable political environment, high public debt levels, aging population, poverty levels, rural development challenges, and brain drain occurring in the healthcare system. Key economic indicators from 2008-2012 show declining GDP, rising public debt, lower foreign investment and remittances from abroad. Socially, half the population is at risk of poverty and inequality exists between rural and urban areas.
FiinGroup is pleased to present our intensive report of Vietnam M&A 2019, the 9th issue of this report. This report presents the extensive data mining of M&A deals in Vietnam in the reviewed period, as well as analysis by key investors and industries where we recognize potential investment opportunities in the near future.
The research provides latest information on market activities as well as competition landscape of M&A in Vietnam. Three main segments of M&A categories including (i) Inbound M&A, which is when a foreign company merges with or acquires a domestic company) (ii) Domestic M&A, which is when two domestic companies merge with or acquire other (iii) Outbound, which is when a domestic company merges with or acquires a foreign company. In addition, we provide in-depth review for the 4 outstanding sectors: Real estate, Industrial goods & Services and Food & Beverage and banks and 3 trendy sectors: Health Care, Education and Utilities.
Download pdf here: http://bit.ly/Vietnam_M_A_Research_Report_2019
This campaign from Subaru aims to amplify the environmental friendliness of the Crosstrek and Ascent models by offering a year-long national park pass to buyers. The campaign looks to create a sense of community among Subaru owners through the tagline "Love Your Subacru" and strategies like direct mail inserts, influencer partnerships, and digital advertising. Research showed that targeting generation Z on platforms like YouTube and emphasizing Subaru's eco-friendly values aligned with the client's goals of improving car buying experiences and maintaining their welcoming brand attitude.
Ogilvy_For Gen Z Brand Is What You Share MarketingTrips.com.pdfMarketingTrips
This document provides a playbook for brands to build lasting bonds with Gen Z through an approach of sharing and co-creation at all levels. It discusses how Gen Z, as the largest, most diverse generation, expects brands to involve them in ideation and culture through digital participation. The playbook advocates that brands must be willing to share control and collaborate with Gen Z on shaping brand purpose, products, and communities. It makes the business case that this approach helps brands avoid missteps, gain talent and cultural insights, build loyalty, and drive innovation through an ongoing process of co-creation.
Vietnam is one of the country with the highest attention from beer brands. The market is on the grow, while the developed countries show the sign of the market shrinking. The survey shows the brand images of the respective beer companies in Vietnam, analyzed from our quantitative survey conducted in HCM and Hanoi
The fashion accessories market in China by Daxue consultingDaxue Consulting
The Chinese fashion accessories market is facing growth opportunities. China has been the second largest jewelry market in the world in 2017 (around 671 billion RMB market size). As estimated, the sales revenue of fashion bags and accessories in China will be doubled from 2016 to 2019. Not only the market size is worth our attention, the consumptive concepts, and habits of Chinese fashion accessories consumers are going through remarkable changes. This presentation highlights the dynamic changes happening in China's fashion accessories market and gives insight into what can make fashion accessories brand successful in China.
Xiaobo Zhang
POLICY SEMINAR
Virtual Event - Evolving effects of COVID-19 on poverty and food security: What are we learning from China?
JUL 28, 2020 - 09:30 AM TO 10:45 AM EDT
The survey about how Vietnamese use the shampoo and their perception about the consumer brands. The survey has been collected over 400 respondents female living in HCM and Hanoi
FiinGroup is pleased to present our intensive report of Vietnam M&A 2019, the 9th issue of this report. This report presents the extensive data mining of M&A deals in Vietnam in the reviewed period, as well as analysis by key investors and industries where we recognize potential investment opportunities in the near future.
The research provides latest information on market activities as well as competition landscape of M&A in Vietnam. Three main segments of M&A categories including (i) Inbound M&A, which is when a foreign company merges with or acquires a domestic company) (ii) Domestic M&A, which is when two domestic companies merge with or acquire other (iii) Outbound, which is when a domestic company merges with or acquires a foreign company. In addition, we provide in-depth review for the 4 outstanding sectors: Real estate, Industrial goods & Services and Food & Beverage and banks and 3 trendy sectors: Health Care, Education and Utilities.
Download pdf here: http://bit.ly/Vietnam_M_A_Research_Report_2019
This campaign from Subaru aims to amplify the environmental friendliness of the Crosstrek and Ascent models by offering a year-long national park pass to buyers. The campaign looks to create a sense of community among Subaru owners through the tagline "Love Your Subacru" and strategies like direct mail inserts, influencer partnerships, and digital advertising. Research showed that targeting generation Z on platforms like YouTube and emphasizing Subaru's eco-friendly values aligned with the client's goals of improving car buying experiences and maintaining their welcoming brand attitude.
Ogilvy_For Gen Z Brand Is What You Share MarketingTrips.com.pdfMarketingTrips
This document provides a playbook for brands to build lasting bonds with Gen Z through an approach of sharing and co-creation at all levels. It discusses how Gen Z, as the largest, most diverse generation, expects brands to involve them in ideation and culture through digital participation. The playbook advocates that brands must be willing to share control and collaborate with Gen Z on shaping brand purpose, products, and communities. It makes the business case that this approach helps brands avoid missteps, gain talent and cultural insights, build loyalty, and drive innovation through an ongoing process of co-creation.
Vietnam is one of the country with the highest attention from beer brands. The market is on the grow, while the developed countries show the sign of the market shrinking. The survey shows the brand images of the respective beer companies in Vietnam, analyzed from our quantitative survey conducted in HCM and Hanoi
The fashion accessories market in China by Daxue consultingDaxue Consulting
The Chinese fashion accessories market is facing growth opportunities. China has been the second largest jewelry market in the world in 2017 (around 671 billion RMB market size). As estimated, the sales revenue of fashion bags and accessories in China will be doubled from 2016 to 2019. Not only the market size is worth our attention, the consumptive concepts, and habits of Chinese fashion accessories consumers are going through remarkable changes. This presentation highlights the dynamic changes happening in China's fashion accessories market and gives insight into what can make fashion accessories brand successful in China.
Xiaobo Zhang
POLICY SEMINAR
Virtual Event - Evolving effects of COVID-19 on poverty and food security: What are we learning from China?
JUL 28, 2020 - 09:30 AM TO 10:45 AM EDT
The survey about how Vietnamese use the shampoo and their perception about the consumer brands. The survey has been collected over 400 respondents female living in HCM and Hanoi
Consumer Trends and Expansion of Retail Markets in Growing ASEAN Economies No...Utai Sukviwatsirikul
This document summarizes consumer trends and the expansion of retail markets in growing ASEAN economies. It finds that ASEAN countries are experiencing significant economic growth driven by large populations of young people and growing middle classes. While there are differences between countries, surveys reveal common trends in maturing consumption across major ASEAN cities. The retail markets in Southeast Asia currently exhibit high growth and offer potential for further expansion. However, government policies and infrastructure development present risks that companies must consider when entering these markets.
[Nielsen] Quarter by numbers ASIA PACIFIC Q2/2017Duy, Vo Hoang
The document provides an overview of the FMCG market in Australia in Q2 2017. Key points include:
- Consumer confidence in Australia was 89, slightly down from the previous year, and Australians remain pessimistic about job prospects and economic conditions.
- Growth in the FMCG sector was flat in Q2 2017, though annual growth was steady at 2.8%. Value growth has slowed from previous quarters.
- Online retail continues to grow, making up 13.4% of the market, while bricks and mortar remains the largest channel.
- Some categories such as fresh produce and health and beauty saw stronger growth, while others like frozen foods and household declined. Smaller manufacturers outperformed larger players.
The document discusses trends and predictions for the future of viewing in 2023. Key points include:
- Streaming platforms are diversifying their business models to include both subscription and ad-supported options due to inflation and consumer cost-cutting.
- Advertiser demand for TV advertising remains high but supply is constrained, driving up prices. Media agencies will need a more holistic planning approach across linear and online video.
- Winners in 2023 will strike the right balance between video-on-demand (VOD) and linear viewing through windowing strategies, moving away from all-at-once content releases. Consumers are more accepting of ad-supported tiers from streaming services to lower costs.
[Nielsen] The need for speed: giving vietnamese consumers what they wantDuy, Vo Hoang
This document discusses convenience shopping trends in Vietnam. It finds that Vietnamese consumers want convenience due to busy lifestyles. Common consumer types are students, first jobbers, working moms, and housewives. These groups frequent convenience stores (CVS) and minimarts for quick, affordable meals and snacks. While CVS are more prominent in Ho Chi Minh City, the convenience landscape is more blurred in Hanoi. The document advocates for tailored convenience offerings based on consumer demographics and location.
The document provides an overview of factors that impact marketing returns and what they mean for marketers. It discusses four key factors: optimizing budgets, proving effectiveness, understanding audience reach, and evaluating new media. The document examines each factor in detail through case studies and research findings. It aims to help marketers better understand what influences returns on investment, how to measure related metrics, and tactics to improve returns so campaigns are optimized.
Digital 2022 Vietnam (February 2022) v01DataReportal
All the data, statistics, and trends you need to make sense of digital in Vietnam in 2022. Includes the latest reported numbers for internet users, social media users, and mobile connections in Vietnam, as well as key indicators of ecommerce use. For more reports, including the latest global trends and individual data for more than 230 countries around the world, visit https://datareportal.com/
Pnj Phu Nhuan presentation 13 dec2016_e (Vietnam top Jewelry retailer) Long Tran
PNJ is a leading jewelry manufacturer and retailer in Vietnam with a market share of about 25% in 2015. According to the business performance report for the first 11 months of 2016:
PNJ's revenue increased 11% year-over-year to an estimated VND8,529 billion for 2016, achieving 97% of its target. Net profit before tax increased 205% to an estimated VND610 billion, achieving 133% of its target. The company's extensive retail network expanded to 213 stores in 2016 and has plans to reach 320 stores by 2019. Jewelry sales, including gold and silver, contributed 81% of total revenue and 98% of gross profit.
Vietnam is one of Southeast Asia’s most beautiful countries with over 90 millions population. Vietnam economy has been developing over past 30 years with many achievements and became one of top countries attracting FDI in Asia Pacific. Even Covid-19 pandemic has attached Vietnam economy, however under the intelligent management, we have controled well the pandemic and push the economy grow again.
ASHAVI has consolidated insights from different source of data, providing you the prospect of Vietnam economy beside pandemic impact.
We hope you find useful information in this book.
If you want deeper understanding and market analysis, contact us : www.ashavi.com for more details.
This document summarizes FMCG market trends in Vietnam for the period ending January 26, 2014. It finds that Vietnam's GDP and inflation rates improved in 2013. The FMCG market saw strong growth during the peak spending season of Tet, with rural areas seeing 22% value growth. Beverages was the leading category in both urban and rural areas. Confectionaries, such as candies in urban and biscuits in rural, were the hottest categories. Retail outlets like street shops saw significant growth during Tet celebrations.
- A study was conducted in Vietnam to understand chewing gum usage and behaviors. 882 respondents completed an online survey.
- Key findings showed that half of respondents use chewing gum 1-3 times per day, primarily for fresh breath, refreshment, and dental cleaning. Lotte Xylitol was the most well-known brand.
- TV commercials were found to be the most effective marketing channel. Doublemint and Lotte Xylitol were identified as market leaders. Fresh breath, taste, and affordable price were the top factors for choosing a gum brand.
[YouNet Media] Báo Cáo Brand Audit Pharmacity và Các Thương Hiệu Chuỗi Nhà Th...YouNet Media Company
BÁO CÁO BRAND AUDIT CỦA THƯƠNG HIỆU BẠN - NỀN TẢNG CHIẾN LƯỢC CHO KẾ HOẠCH MARKETING 2022
Báo cáo Brand Audit on Social Media là báo cáo nghiên cứu 360* dữ liệu social listening, cung cấp cho Thương hiệu bạn góc nhìn toàn cảnh với dữ liệu về Thương hiệu - Ngành hàng - Người dùng rõ ràng, xác đáng trước khi đặt bút xét duyệt bản kế hoạch năm 2022.
Đây là bản Demo Báo Cáo Brand Audit do YouNet Media thực hiện năm 2021.
Mọi bản quyền thuộc về YouNet Media.
The document provides a marketing proposal for renovating the OK Condoms brand in Vietnam. It includes a background on Vietnam's demographics, lifestyle trends, culture, and the condom industry. The objectives are to increase OK Condoms' demand from 45% to 65% and sales by 15%. The proposed strategies include launching new product lines, slightly raising prices, expanding distribution channels, and launching an online and offline "Be Responsible" campaign to boost awareness of safe sex practices and OK Condoms' position as a responsible brand. The timeline, budget, and KPIs are also outlined to evaluate the success of the proposed strategies.
Vietnamese consumers are showing signs of renewed optimism and confidence as the COVID-19 pandemic comes under control. A survey found 56% were optimistic about the short-term economic outlook and 77% about the mid-term outlook, up from 45% and 60% a year ago. While most consumers will maintain cautious spending, there are indications spending will rebalance from necessities toward discretionary categories. The survey also uncovered geographic differences in sentiment, with southern cities like Can Tho and Ho Chi Minh City more upbeat than northern cities like Hanoi. Overall the data points to a rebound in consumer confidence alongside a rebalancing of spending priorities and a renewal of the retail landscape in Vietnam.
This document provides an overview of Hungary across several dimensions:
- It outlines key facts about Hungary's government, population, economy, society, technology, laws, and environment. Hungary has a population of over 10 million, with Budapest as its capital.
- The economy relies on industry, services, and agriculture. Major areas of technology development include renewable energy and healthcare robotics.
- Laws cover taxation, labor regulations, and environmental protections. Corporate and personal income taxes are levied at consistent rates. Strict environmental impact assessments are required for certain projects.
Marketing with Purpose - Chiến lược xây dựng niềm tin và giá trị cho thương hiệuMarketingTrips
Thông qua một báo cáo mới đây từ Microsoft với tên gọi "Marketing with Purpose", những người làm marketing được truyền cảm hứng từ việc xây dựng chiến lược, nghiên cứu, thấu hiểu insight của khách hàng, đến các chiến thuật có thể hành động để xây dựng niềm tin và giá trị của thương hiệu.
Consumer Trends and Expansion of Retail Markets in Growing ASEAN Economies No...Utai Sukviwatsirikul
This document summarizes consumer trends and the expansion of retail markets in growing ASEAN economies. It finds that ASEAN countries are experiencing significant economic growth driven by large populations of young people and growing middle classes. While there are differences between countries, surveys reveal common trends in maturing consumption across major ASEAN cities. The retail markets in Southeast Asia currently exhibit high growth and offer potential for further expansion. However, government policies and infrastructure development present risks that companies must consider when entering these markets.
[Nielsen] Quarter by numbers ASIA PACIFIC Q2/2017Duy, Vo Hoang
The document provides an overview of the FMCG market in Australia in Q2 2017. Key points include:
- Consumer confidence in Australia was 89, slightly down from the previous year, and Australians remain pessimistic about job prospects and economic conditions.
- Growth in the FMCG sector was flat in Q2 2017, though annual growth was steady at 2.8%. Value growth has slowed from previous quarters.
- Online retail continues to grow, making up 13.4% of the market, while bricks and mortar remains the largest channel.
- Some categories such as fresh produce and health and beauty saw stronger growth, while others like frozen foods and household declined. Smaller manufacturers outperformed larger players.
The document discusses trends and predictions for the future of viewing in 2023. Key points include:
- Streaming platforms are diversifying their business models to include both subscription and ad-supported options due to inflation and consumer cost-cutting.
- Advertiser demand for TV advertising remains high but supply is constrained, driving up prices. Media agencies will need a more holistic planning approach across linear and online video.
- Winners in 2023 will strike the right balance between video-on-demand (VOD) and linear viewing through windowing strategies, moving away from all-at-once content releases. Consumers are more accepting of ad-supported tiers from streaming services to lower costs.
[Nielsen] The need for speed: giving vietnamese consumers what they wantDuy, Vo Hoang
This document discusses convenience shopping trends in Vietnam. It finds that Vietnamese consumers want convenience due to busy lifestyles. Common consumer types are students, first jobbers, working moms, and housewives. These groups frequent convenience stores (CVS) and minimarts for quick, affordable meals and snacks. While CVS are more prominent in Ho Chi Minh City, the convenience landscape is more blurred in Hanoi. The document advocates for tailored convenience offerings based on consumer demographics and location.
The document provides an overview of factors that impact marketing returns and what they mean for marketers. It discusses four key factors: optimizing budgets, proving effectiveness, understanding audience reach, and evaluating new media. The document examines each factor in detail through case studies and research findings. It aims to help marketers better understand what influences returns on investment, how to measure related metrics, and tactics to improve returns so campaigns are optimized.
Digital 2022 Vietnam (February 2022) v01DataReportal
All the data, statistics, and trends you need to make sense of digital in Vietnam in 2022. Includes the latest reported numbers for internet users, social media users, and mobile connections in Vietnam, as well as key indicators of ecommerce use. For more reports, including the latest global trends and individual data for more than 230 countries around the world, visit https://datareportal.com/
Pnj Phu Nhuan presentation 13 dec2016_e (Vietnam top Jewelry retailer) Long Tran
PNJ is a leading jewelry manufacturer and retailer in Vietnam with a market share of about 25% in 2015. According to the business performance report for the first 11 months of 2016:
PNJ's revenue increased 11% year-over-year to an estimated VND8,529 billion for 2016, achieving 97% of its target. Net profit before tax increased 205% to an estimated VND610 billion, achieving 133% of its target. The company's extensive retail network expanded to 213 stores in 2016 and has plans to reach 320 stores by 2019. Jewelry sales, including gold and silver, contributed 81% of total revenue and 98% of gross profit.
Vietnam is one of Southeast Asia’s most beautiful countries with over 90 millions population. Vietnam economy has been developing over past 30 years with many achievements and became one of top countries attracting FDI in Asia Pacific. Even Covid-19 pandemic has attached Vietnam economy, however under the intelligent management, we have controled well the pandemic and push the economy grow again.
ASHAVI has consolidated insights from different source of data, providing you the prospect of Vietnam economy beside pandemic impact.
We hope you find useful information in this book.
If you want deeper understanding and market analysis, contact us : www.ashavi.com for more details.
This document summarizes FMCG market trends in Vietnam for the period ending January 26, 2014. It finds that Vietnam's GDP and inflation rates improved in 2013. The FMCG market saw strong growth during the peak spending season of Tet, with rural areas seeing 22% value growth. Beverages was the leading category in both urban and rural areas. Confectionaries, such as candies in urban and biscuits in rural, were the hottest categories. Retail outlets like street shops saw significant growth during Tet celebrations.
- A study was conducted in Vietnam to understand chewing gum usage and behaviors. 882 respondents completed an online survey.
- Key findings showed that half of respondents use chewing gum 1-3 times per day, primarily for fresh breath, refreshment, and dental cleaning. Lotte Xylitol was the most well-known brand.
- TV commercials were found to be the most effective marketing channel. Doublemint and Lotte Xylitol were identified as market leaders. Fresh breath, taste, and affordable price were the top factors for choosing a gum brand.
[YouNet Media] Báo Cáo Brand Audit Pharmacity và Các Thương Hiệu Chuỗi Nhà Th...YouNet Media Company
BÁO CÁO BRAND AUDIT CỦA THƯƠNG HIỆU BẠN - NỀN TẢNG CHIẾN LƯỢC CHO KẾ HOẠCH MARKETING 2022
Báo cáo Brand Audit on Social Media là báo cáo nghiên cứu 360* dữ liệu social listening, cung cấp cho Thương hiệu bạn góc nhìn toàn cảnh với dữ liệu về Thương hiệu - Ngành hàng - Người dùng rõ ràng, xác đáng trước khi đặt bút xét duyệt bản kế hoạch năm 2022.
Đây là bản Demo Báo Cáo Brand Audit do YouNet Media thực hiện năm 2021.
Mọi bản quyền thuộc về YouNet Media.
The document provides a marketing proposal for renovating the OK Condoms brand in Vietnam. It includes a background on Vietnam's demographics, lifestyle trends, culture, and the condom industry. The objectives are to increase OK Condoms' demand from 45% to 65% and sales by 15%. The proposed strategies include launching new product lines, slightly raising prices, expanding distribution channels, and launching an online and offline "Be Responsible" campaign to boost awareness of safe sex practices and OK Condoms' position as a responsible brand. The timeline, budget, and KPIs are also outlined to evaluate the success of the proposed strategies.
Vietnamese consumers are showing signs of renewed optimism and confidence as the COVID-19 pandemic comes under control. A survey found 56% were optimistic about the short-term economic outlook and 77% about the mid-term outlook, up from 45% and 60% a year ago. While most consumers will maintain cautious spending, there are indications spending will rebalance from necessities toward discretionary categories. The survey also uncovered geographic differences in sentiment, with southern cities like Can Tho and Ho Chi Minh City more upbeat than northern cities like Hanoi. Overall the data points to a rebound in consumer confidence alongside a rebalancing of spending priorities and a renewal of the retail landscape in Vietnam.
This document provides an overview of Hungary across several dimensions:
- It outlines key facts about Hungary's government, population, economy, society, technology, laws, and environment. Hungary has a population of over 10 million, with Budapest as its capital.
- The economy relies on industry, services, and agriculture. Major areas of technology development include renewable energy and healthcare robotics.
- Laws cover taxation, labor regulations, and environmental protections. Corporate and personal income taxes are levied at consistent rates. Strict environmental impact assessments are required for certain projects.
Marketing with Purpose - Chiến lược xây dựng niềm tin và giá trị cho thương hiệuMarketingTrips
Thông qua một báo cáo mới đây từ Microsoft với tên gọi "Marketing with Purpose", những người làm marketing được truyền cảm hứng từ việc xây dựng chiến lược, nghiên cứu, thấu hiểu insight của khách hàng, đến các chiến thuật có thể hành động để xây dựng niềm tin và giá trị của thương hiệu.
This document discusses corruption in Romania. It begins with an introduction to corruption and Romania's corruption profile, noting that Romania ranks low on transparency international's corruption perceptions index. It then examines the most corrupted pillars in Romania: the legislature, political parties, judiciary, and public sector. For each pillar, it identifies specific issues like lack of transparency, political interference, low accountability, and prioritization of patronage networks over qualifications. The document concludes by calling for reforms to address the root causes of corruption nesting within these key institutions.
Romania has a population of over 22 million people and is located in Southeastern Europe. Agriculture employs around 29% of the population and contributes about 8.1% to GDP, with dairy, pork, and apples being major products. Industry and services each account for around 30-35% of GDP, with industry focusing on automobiles, machine tools and chemicals, and services including financial activities and trade. Romania was impacted by the global financial crisis starting in 2008, leading to recession, but was expected to return to economic growth by 2010 with support from a $27 billion emergency loan package from the IMF and other international lenders.
Romania is located in Southeastern Europe in the Balkan region, bordering the Black Sea. It has a population of over 21 million and its capital and largest city is Bucharest. Romania has a predominantly Orthodox Christian population and its official language is Romanian. The land that is now Romania was part of the Roman Empire in 100 AD and was later ruled by the Ottoman Empire and Austrian Empire before becoming an independent kingdom in the late 19th century.
This document discusses unemployment, its causes, effects, and measures. It defines unemployment and categorizes it as voluntary, involuntary, disguised, demand deficiency, seasonal, and structural. Unemployment causes economic issues like low income and productivity as well as social issues like unrest. Solutions proposed include encouraging small businesses, subsidies based on employment, and increased government spending to reduce unemployment.
Greece accumulated high levels of debt in the decade before the financial crisis when markets were liquid. This led to a sovereign debt crisis as the financial crisis deepened and liquidity dried up, making borrowing more difficult and expensive. The crisis impacted Greece through lower incomes, savings, capital flows and sector output like tourism and shipping that contribute significantly to GDP. The European Union, IMF and ECB implemented measures like bailout loans and austerity programs to reduce Greece's deficit while the ECB also engaged in bond purchases to increase confidence. Protests have occurred against austerity cuts while leaders debate solutions to the dilemma of whether to continue supporting Greece or risk default.
The document discusses a PESTEL analysis framework for analyzing macroenvironmental factors. PESTEL stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors. It provides questions to analyze each factor and how they may impact a business or industry. For example, key political factors would include government stability, laws and regulations. Understanding the external environment is important for strategic planning and identifying opportunities and threats.
The document discusses how PEST analysis is used to analyze the external factors in a company's political, economic, social, and technological environment that could affect its success. It provides examples of factors in each category that should be considered, such as legislation, economic conditions, social trends, and emerging technologies. Specifically, it analyzes McDonald's use of PEST factors like emphasizing food safety and streamlining processes in response to health concerns and changing consumer preferences. It also discusses McDonald's expansion in Asia by tailoring its menu to local tastes.
This document defines unemployment and discusses its various types, causes, costs, measurement, and solutions. It defines unemployment as a situation where capable and willing workers cannot find employment. The main types of unemployment discussed are frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal unemployment. Causes of unemployment mentioned include population growth, lack of job opportunities, seasonal factors, and slow industry development. Costs of unemployment include individual financial issues and societal underutilization of resources. Unemployment is typically measured by calculating the unemployment rate as a percentage of the unemployed workforce versus the total labor force. Proposed solutions include changing investment patterns, encouraging small businesses, subsidizing employment, and reorienting education.
Greece experienced strong economic growth until the global financial crisis in 2009, which pushed the country into recession. To receive international bailouts totaling $147 billion, Greece implemented austerity measures that reduced government spending and reformed its economy. While Greece began recovering in 2014, achieving budget balance and GDP growth, high unemployment and poverty rates remain challenges, as does the refugee crisis which has placed additional strain on Greece's struggling economy.
The document provides an economic summary and analysis of recent economic indicators and trends in Europe. It discusses:
1) Government deficits increasing in the EA16 and EU27 in 2009 while GDP fell, with the largest deficits recorded in Greece, Ireland, the UK, Spain, and others.
2) GDP growth of 0.4% in the EA16 and EU27 in Q3 2010, with industrial production falling but inflation and unemployment remaining steady.
3) Issues facing the Irish economy including a large budget deficit, banking troubles, and negotiations over austerity measures and a bailout package from the EU and IMF.
4) Other EU countries facing debt problems and the potential for countries like Portugal and Spain to
Moldova has a population of around 3.58 million, with 58.7% living in rural areas. Poverty is widespread, especially in rural areas where 42% live below the poverty line. The economy relies heavily on remittances which account for around 26% of GDP. GDP grew by 6% in 2007, but the structure of the economy remains uneven with slow restructuring of industry and agriculture. High levels of poverty and economic dependence pose ongoing challenges.
The document summarizes recent economic indicators and forecasts for Spain and other European economies:
- The Bank of Spain forecasts slower GDP growth for Spain in 2018 and 2019, at 2.6% and 2.2% respectively, due to falling private consumption, contracting goods exports, and higher energy prices.
- Spain's manufacturing PMI fell to 51.4 points in September, below the Euro area index of 53.2 points, its lowest level in two years.
- Unemployment in Spain fell by 6.1% year-over-year in September, the smallest adjustment since 2014, while social security affiliates increased by 0.12% compared to the previous month.
- Tourism data shows
OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance 2018 - OverviewOECD CFE
Presentation by Rudiger Ahrend, Head of Economic Analysis, Statistics and Multi-level Governance at the OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities at the second meeting of the Spatial productivity Lab of the OECD Trento Centre held on 4 December 2018.
More info http://oe.cd/SPL
Comparative analysis of the socioeconomic and demographic change in Europe: i...ifoasapereutile
Verso l’Europa 2020 - imprese e persone che cambiano
Evento Finale del Progetto EMPOWER+ “Rete Europea per la promozione dell’occupabilità: lavoratori senior come Mentor, Coach e Team-Leaders”
Intervento di Nikos Vasileiadis: Trek Consulting (Grecia)
“Verso l’Europa 2020, persone e imprese che cambiano” è il titolo con cui si è celebrato il 24 settembre 2013 in IFOA, a Reggio Emilia, l’evento finale del progetto europeo “Empower Plus”, realizzato da un partnership costituita da enti rappresentativi di diversi paesi europei: Grecia, regione della Macedonia Centrale, Germania, Spagna e Italia che con IFOA ha contribuito al progetto apportando la sua esperienza nella formazione.
Il convegno si è soffermato sull’importanza del mantenimento del filo di collegamento intergenerazionale che garantisce la continuità nel ricambio all’interno delle organizzazioni: mantenere il patrimonio di conoscenze che i lavoratori più anziani detengono e studiare e praticare modalità di trasferimento delle competenza ai più giovani significa per le imprese sopravvivere al cambiamento e assicurarsi continuità e innovazione.
Resto perchè cambio: così l’invecchiamento attivo sul posto di lavoro diventa un valore sociale, una ricchezza per l’impresa, un’ opportunità per i giovani, un arricchimento per i lavoratori maturi.
The document analyzes public spending and budget cuts affecting Italian municipalities from 2010-2015. It finds that:
1) Municipalities' spending makes up less than 8% of total public sector spending.
2) From 2010-2014, budget cuts totaled over €1.8 billion for Lombardy municipalities, including nearly €1.2 billion from reduced state transfers.
3) Despite financial pressures, most Italian municipalities complied with budget rules, including over 99% of small municipalities subject to the rules for the first time in 2013.
This document discusses trends in income inequality in OECD countries based on recent OECD research. It finds that income inequality increased in most OECD countries over the past few decades due to factors such as skill-biased technological changes and weaker redistribution through tax and benefit systems. While redistribution helped prevent inequality from rising further during the initial years of the recession, ongoing fiscal consolidation poses risks to further increasing inequality if social transfers are reduced. The document recommends policy options like reforming tax and benefit systems, boosting employment opportunities, and investing in human capital to help counter rising inequality.
The document discusses the EU response to financial crises among some of its member states from 2010-2011. It summarizes:
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Background Analysis of The Romanian social and economic situation
1. BACKGROUND ANALYSIS OF THE
ROMANIAN SOCIAL AND
ECONOMIC SITUATION
IMPOVERISHMENT OF COMMUNITIES IN TIME OF CRISIS
DR. HEGEDŰS LAJOS
2. PESTLE ANALYSIS
This is a PESTLE type background analysis:
P – political (politikai)
E – economical (gazdasági – pénzügyi)
S – social (társadalmi)
T – technical (technológiai)
L - legal (jogi)
E – environmental (környezeti)
3. P – political (politikai)
P – the situation is all the time tensioned, uncertain,
changing, exposed to the never ending economic
crisis. There is lack of long term planning and lack
of political strategy to resolve the crisis, 2012 is an
electoral year, we are bounded to the IMF, almost
everything is unpredictable. Only this year until
May we had two fallen governments
4. E – economical (gazdasági – pénzügyi)
E – European Union :
Average public debt 2008= 62,3% (GDP)
Average public debt 2011= over 80%
Indebtedness of states – according to Chancellor Merkel a decade is required to solve the
consequences of the crisis. In 2011 experts evaluated at 200 or 300 billion € the funds
needed to inject into the bank system, this year ECB injected already 1000 billion € into
the European bank system. The public debt of Romania is 33% of GDP, which is not much
in an European comparison, but even this debt burden is difficult to finance without new
credits, anyway the situation of the economy does not allow to finance from markets a
greater deficits than the current one(therefore we are bounded to IMF)
Both, the state indebtedness and the recapitalization of banks, will affect the existing and
the future tax payer
5. E – economic (gazdasági – pénzügyi)
E – Romania Perspectives in presumable costs in 2011 – 2012 :
Cutting down deficit from 4,4% to 2,5% (2,5 billion €)
The average loss of public, state owned companies is 1 billion €
The governmental debt (wages allowed by law in 2009, but unpaid until now) in the education system is 2
billion €
The strong oscillations of CDS are very costly to RNB (the policy is to maintain €/RON ratio at 4.3)
The German and French economy loose speed, so they can not drag the Romanian export ( the main
component of the Ro economic growth, 40 %)
The government must give back now to the population the wage and pension cuts effectuated in 2010
(political promises of the two former governments)
6. Main indicators of the last 4 years
Year GDP Public Extern. Direct Remit. Cars Illegal Unempl Defic. Infl.
€ debt debt invest. € 1000 labour oyment % %
% € € 1000 %
2008 139 M 24 73 M 9,1 M 8,64 M 324 1.467 4,4 5,5 7,85
2009 118M 29,3 79 M 3,5 M 6,65 148 1.800 7,8 7,2 6,59
2010 122 M 30,8 91 M 2,5 M 6,56 119 2.257 6,87 6,6 6,09
2011 136 M 33 97 M 1,9 6 88 2.350 4,9 4,4 3,3
2012 134,5 100M 4,6 2,5 2-3
The data is from the INS, Tax Council, Ministry of Finance, Romanian National Academy and the
Institution of Presidency, which ware collected by the ZF.RO online financial newspaper.
The data is slightly different, according to different institutions.
The price of the basic alimentary products grew 15%, the general consume fall 4% (2011)
7. E – economic (gazdasági – pénzügyi)
The total wage/year of total employees is around 20 billion €, from this sum 5
billion €/year are payments by installments after the credits (from the 4,7 m
employees , 3.5 m took 25 billion credits in 2007/2008, which have a burden of
payment by installment 5 billion €/year).
As a result employees are burning their reserves and are lessening their
consumption, affecting the economic growth. The population becomes much
more impoverished.
Only 6-8% of the population is capable to save money every month, that means
around 1-1.5 million peoples.
8. E – economic (gazdasági – pénzügyi)
The government’s tax collection rate is 31 %, in the other former
socialist countries this is 40 % and in the euro zone the average is 50
%
Black market 32,6 % (the same in France is 15 %, in Holland 13 %,
and in the USA 8%)
Romanian EU fund absorption (payments) 7% (Poland 70%)
The governmental, public debt had an interest payment burden of
3,5 billion RON in 2008, now this is 9,5 billion RON in 2011
Interest payment peaks : in 2013 4,5 billion €, in 2014 5 billion €
9. S – social (társadalmi)
S – the society is ageing and the crisis is impoverishing it.
On the age tree of 1950 there were only a few over 80 years and the group of
70-80 year old is also narrow, but in 2010 the group of over 80 is broad, and the
group of 70-80 is equal with the group of 60-70 in 1950.
The largest group in 1980 was of the 25 years old, in 2010 the largest group is of
the 34 years old.
In rural areas the percentage of aged people is greater, than in urban areas, and life
conditions are worst. In rural areas half of those older than 65 years have no
chance of having fair existential/life conditions (EU 2020 Program).
After the Eurostat the level of people exposed to the risk of poverty in Romania is
9 million, half of these being very poor.
10. S – social (társadalmi)
A rural/urban percentage comparison of Romanian and EU population
RO : 47,2 % of the population is living in rural areas, in environments without
urban quality, 28 % are working in agriculture, most of them are working for self
sustainment (not entrepreneur), the agriculture provides 6-8% of the GDP.
The general activity rate is 58,8 % (2010).
EU : 30 % of the population is living in rural areas, in environment with urban
quality, 4-5 % are working in agriculture, most of them are entrepreneurs, the
agriculture provides 2 % of the GDP.
The general activity rate is 68 % (2010)
The almost 4,7 million employees of the country have 5,4 million labor contracts,
there are 5,6 million retired pensioners in the country (misbalance).
The growth of urban area populations has stopped, the internal migration take
direction in rural (its inverse than in 2007/2008).
11. S – social (társadalmi)
According to Romanian Academy in the EU the Romanians are the poorest
Because 75 % of them have no cars,
55 % have no washing machine, some of them don’t have water by pipeline
43 % have no telephones,
12 % have no toilets in urban apartments, and 88 % have no toilets in rural apartments.
13 % is the covering by canalization of the rural areas
50% of the population has never used a PC
Our target after joining the EU was to introduce western urban life conditions and access to services
into villages via a better absorption of EU funds. These targets are more endangered due to the
austerity measures generated by the crisis.
Five million people are living under the poverty limit ( income under 60 € by family member and
by month). According to the EU 2020 Program and the country specific recommendations,
Romania has the target to lift out 580.000 peoples from poverty until 2020.
12. S – social (társadalmi)
GFK – 50 % of the population can hardly pay their running costs and 24 % is over indebted.
IMF – the social budget will be cut from 2,86 % (2010) to 2,08 % (2013) (Ro/IMF agreement)
2,7 million Romanian citizens live in the Euro zone and are paying taxes there. They’ve left in Romania
80.000 children, who are living without their parents, alone or with relatives.(after unofficial data the
number of children in that situation can be even 250.000) – the number of infantile suicide grew in the
last years.
After the Romanian DALY index (Disability Adjusted Life Year) the economy can’t grow also because
of the great number of healthy and active years loosed due to sickness correlated with the malfunction of
health insurance and care systems (WHO), and its insufficient financing (performing a saving up to 0.4%
of GDP in 2011 in the health care budget – IMF agreement). With an average EU health care system
level the RO GDP would be greater with 7 billion EUR.
13. S – social (társadalmi)
CMR –in the last 5 years 10.000 doctors emigrated or left the health system
INS – the national census in 2011 evidenced 19,5 million citizens living in Romania,
which means that 3 million individuals have disappeared in comparison with the results
of the 2002 census, and 52,8% of population lives in urban and 47,2% in rural areas.
There is evidence for a trend to move out from towns into villages, in a cheaper but
less developed area, with poor standards for living.
Police –every year, 120-130 people die in severe car accidents / 1 million inhabitants.
In western countries the same phenomenon causes 20-30 deaths / 1 million inhabitants.
One of the main causes is the alcohol abuse, the general consumption is 17 l pure
alcohol/ person and per year (number 1 in EU). Women tend to rival men in alcohol
consumption and consecutive pathology.
14. S – social (társadalmi)
The youth, the women, the old, the unemployed, the rural inhabitants, the minorities have
fewer access to resources, lower consumer and saving capacity, therefore the internal
migration rose in the last years threefold (to 1 million in 2011), 60% of this migration
targets rural areas. Between 2007 and 2011 the number of legal weddings diminished from
190.000 to 105.000, and the nativity reduced under 200.000/year, the first time in the history
of modern Romania (195.000 in 2011)
The governmental austerity measures, the cuts in view of savings, the reforms are resulting
in a smaller service providing and life condition assuring capacity of the state, which
combined with poverty make more difficult the social and economic reinsertion.
The otherwise thin middle class is weakened by indebtedness, impoverishment and
emigration, (84% of the active part of the society wish to emigrate, and 56% for a long
period: 5 years or more)
15. Less Important
T – technical : 50 % of the general population has never used a PC, as a
consequence they can not be consumers on the market (in the EU the PC and
Internet users represents 78% of the population). The IT acknowledgement
and consumer profile of the young generation is at a western European level.
L - legal : permanent changing of the legislation for political reasons,
insufficient harmonization of laws which slow economic and social issues
E – environmental : one of the reasons of the last government’s
downfall was a gold exploitation concession with great environmental risks
16. Conclusions
At last, everyone agrees that :
• The crisis will go on for a long time
• The price of gold and raw materials ascends every day
• Globalization changed the power balance in the whole world, the financial markets
being the real new great power shaping even the political environment.
• The distribution of riches between very rich and the rest of the society is more
disproportionate than before the crisis
• The ratio between active and inactive groups of society became far from optimal
• The number of conflicts between individuals and groups can rise in time even more
17. Conclusions
The growing poverty, if not managed, will generate a culture of need/misery and
not wealth and modernity, and will incline the states and their political elites to
perform populist and manipulative policies, against which the weakening middle
class will not be able to resist. The social contract that gave balance in European
societies can overturn with a lot of undesirable and very costly effects.
Therefore, and because of the growing number of people definitely affected by the
crisis, our attentive/active/serving presence in the world will be more important
than is now, it will be essential.
Salus aegroti suprema lex.