Expressionism developed in late 19th and early 20th century Germany, characterized by the use of vivid colors chosen by artists to convey inner visions and evoke emotions in viewers, as well as distorted images and violent brushstrokes. Two major German Expressionist movements were Die Brucke, centered in Dresden and led by Ernst Kirschner, and Der Blaue Reiter, which pursued non-objective abstraction and the orchestration of color, form, and space to envision an enlightened society. Expressionism also influenced other creative fields like music of Arnold Schoenberg, dance of Mary Wigman, and cinema of Alfred Hitchcock and Tim Burton.

1. EXPRESSIONISM Developed during the LATE 19th and EARLY 20th centuries (Dominant in Germany 1905-1925)

2. Characteristics (painting): The use of uncharacteristic colours chosen by the artist… To release of the artist’s inner vision To evoke feelings from the viewer Distortion of images and violent brushstrokes.

3. German Expressionism “ Die Brucke” (The Bridge) Colour, Distortion of Images and Violent Brushstrokes. Movement centered in Dresden, Germany and led by Ernst Kirschner Ernst Kirschner, Self Portrait as a Soldier , 1915. GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM

4. Ernst Kirschner, Two Women in the Street , 1914. GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM

5. Ernst Kirschner, Street, Berlin , 1913. GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM

6. Ernst Kirschner, Brandenburg Gate , 1915. GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM

7. The Brandenburg Gate is a former city gate and one of the main symbols of Berlin, Germany. It is the only remaining gate of a series through which one formerly entered Berlin.

8. Kathe Kollwitz, The Survivors, 1923. GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM Kathe Kollwitz Worked almost exclusively in printmaking and drawing Themes of inhumanity and injustice The plight of workers and war victims Her son died during first week of WWI

9. Kathe Kollwitz, Woman With Dead Child , 1903 etching. GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM

10. Kathe Kollwitz, Memorial for Karl Liebnecht , 1919. GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM

11. Kathe Kollwitz, The Grieving Parents , 1932. GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM

12. Vassily Kandinsky, Composition VII, 1913. Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) Another German Expressionist movement that produced feeling as visual FORM – not just color Complete abstraction- non-objective work - elimination of representation Knew about music, literature, science (the atomic theory) - material objects have no structure or purpose Orchestration of color, form, line, and space- blueprints for an enlightened and liberated society, emphasizing spirituality

13. Vassily Kandinsky, Composition VII, 1913. DER BLAUE REITER

14. Vassily Kandinsky, Contrasting Sounds, 1924. DER BLAUE REITER

15. Franz Marc, Foxes, 1913. DER BLAUE REITER

16. Franz Marc, Fighting Forms, 1914. DER BLAUE REITER

17. Marsden Hartley, Portrait of a German Officer 1914. Marsden Hartley was an American living in Munich and was directly influenced by these European movements

19. OTHER FIELDS: MUSIC (ARNOLD SCHOENBERG) DANCE ( MARY WIGMAN) CINEMA (ALFRED HITCHCOCK, TIM BURTON)