It is a descriptive ppt for the above topic PRESENTED BY VJTI COLLEGE student.

1. STUDY OF ENERGY
AUDIT INSTRUMENTS
PRESENTED BY GROUP NO. 09
MONISH BAFNA
MANAV NIKAM
MALHAR DHAVALE

2. INDEX
SR. NO CONTENT PRESENTED BY
1. Introduction
Malhar Dhavale
2. Electric Energy
1. Watt meter
2. Frequency meter
3. Lux meter
3. Flow
1. Ultrasonic flow meter
2. Digital manometer
3. Anemometer
Monish Bafna
4. Temperature
1. What is Infrared Radiation
2. Infrared thermometer
3. Contact thermometer Manav Nikam
5. Exhaust gas analysis
1. Infrared gas analyser

3. FIGURES/IMAGES
FIGURE NO. FIGURE TITLE/NAME FIGURE
NO.
FIGURE TITLE/NAME
1. Watt meter 12. Infrared Thermometer Working
Principle
2. Frequency meter 13. Furnace temperature
3. Lux meter 14. Engine temperature
4. Energy consumption and power
factor as a data table
15. Human body temperature
5. Graph of power factor and average
power factor.
16. Plant temperature
6. Ultrasonic Flow meter 17. Food temperature
7. Digital manometer 18. Contact Thermometer
8. Anemometer 19. Statistics of exhaust gas analysis
9. Temperature in C 20. Construction of Infrared Gas
Analyses
10. Electromagnetic Spectrum 21. Infrared Gas Analyser
11. Infrared Thermometer 22. Taj Mahal Discolorations

4. INTRODUCTION
I. Industrial energy audit is a procedure carried out in large industry enterprises to gather
information on all the company's energy consumption patterns.
II. It is a systematic procedure to obtain information on industrial or commercial operation
actual energy consumption, and analysis to identify and quantify cost-effective energy
savings opportunities.
III. In major industrial enterprises energy audits should be carried out on a regular basis.
The companies that do the industrial energy audits include:
1. The energy and resources Institute (TERI).
2. Schneider Electric India.

5. ELECTRIC ENERGY AUDIT
Energy Audit is aimed at improving the energy efficiency of their facility and aligning current
consumption with current industry benchmarks.
Areas Covered by Electrical Energy Audit
1. Electrical Distribution Network and Transformers
2. Motors, Belt, Pump, Fans & Drives
3. Illumination System
4. Compressed Air System
5. Cooling Tower
6. Refrigeration Systems

6. WATT METER
A. The power factor of the transmission line is measured by dividing
the product of voltage and current with the power.
B. The watt or power factor meter measures the power factor of a
transmission system.
C. The power factor meter determines the types of load using on the
line, and it also calculates the losses occur on it.
Applications:
1. Watt meters check the power consumption of electrical appliances.
2. Other applications refrigeration systems, compressors, chillers etc. Fig. 1. Watt meter

7. FREQUENCY METER.
A. A frequency meter is an instrument that displays the frequency of
a periodic electrical signal. They are instruments of deflection type.
B. These operate by balancing two opposing forces by changing
magnetic fields and are capable of measuring up to 900 Hz.
Application:
1. Frequency of a periodic signal.
2. A frequency meter is used in measuring frequency that is used in a
electric.
3. Checking of Electrical Distribution Network and transformers.
Fig. 2. Frequency meter

8. LUX METER
A. A lux meter is a device for measuring brightness. It specifically
measures the intensity with which the brightness appears to the
human eye.
B. This is different than measurements of the actual light energy
produced by or reflected from an object or light source.
Applications:
1. lux meters can measure lighting quantity intended for human use
on a task surface.
2. It also includes illumination systems in industries.
Fig. 3. Lux Meter

9. ELECTRIC AUDIT STATISTICS
Source:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306410085_Energy_Audit_of_an_Industry_A_Case_Study_of_Fabrication_Company
fig. 4. Energy consumption and
power factor as a data table
Fig. 5. Graph of power factor and
average power factor.

10. FLOW AUDIT
A. Measuring air flow from heating, air conditioning or
ventilating ducts, or from other sources of air flow is one
of the energy auditor’s tasks.
B. Airflow measurement devices can be used to identify
problems with air flows, such as whether the combustion
air flow into a gas heater is correct.
C. We also need Calibration in the same. Calibration is a
comparison between a known measurement (the
standard) and the measurement using your instrument.

11. ULTRASONIC FLOW METER
A. An ultrasonic flow meter can be defined as, a meter that is
used to measure liquid velocity with ultrasound to analyze
the volume of liquid flow.
APPLICATION
1. These meters are suitable in the applications of
wastewater but they will not work with drinking/distil
water.
2. This type of flow meter is ideal for the applications
wherever chemical compatibility, low maintenance, and
low-pressure drop are required.
ADVANTAGES
1. Like mechanical flow meters, these meters do not include
moving parts. The price of these meters will change
greatly so frequently it can be used and maintained at a
low cost.
Fig. 6 Ultra Sonic Flow Meter

12. A. Most digital manometer units work by measuring and comparing
the weights of fluids or gases between two different pressures. Any
piece of equipment that relies upon a liquid or gas to operate
requires a certain amount of pressure to function smoothly.
APPLICATION
1. Handheld Digital Manometer is designed to measure a wide range
of pressures to a high accuracy.
2. Digital Manometer can be used to measure low pressure.
Handheld digital manometer, range 0-120" w.c. (30 kPa).
ADVANTAGES
1. No operator interpretation required
2. No parallax error
DISADVANTAGES
1. They are not able to read oscillating values
DIGITAL MANOMETER
Fig. 7 Digital Manometer

13. A. Anemometer is Most widely used for wind-speed
measurements in which the revolving cups drive an
electric generator. It is available in variety of shapes and
sizes.
B. Its types are Laser, Cup, Hotwire, Windmill Anemometer.
APPLICATION
1. Anemometers measure wind speed and determine wind
direction. Using these sets of data, meteorologists can
calculate wind pressure.
2. Laser anemometers calculate the wind speed around
cars, airplanes, and spacecraft, for instance.
Anemometers help engineers make these vehicles more
aerodynamic.
DISADVANTAGES
1. Not Suitable for strong winds as it may damage it.
ANEMOMETER
Fig. 8. Anemometer

14. TEMPERATURE AUDIT
A. Temperature is defined as a measure of Degree of hotness
or coldness of a body.
B. Heat flows because of Temperature difference.
C. Thermometer is a device designed for measuring
temperature.
In an Energy Audit two types of thermometers are used.
1. Infrared Thermometer
2. Contact Thermometer
Fig. 9. Temperature in ◦C

15. WHAT IS INFRARED RADIATION
A. It is an Electromagnetic radiation with
wavelength longer than visible light.
B. It is invisible to the human eye.
C. Wavelength = 700nm to 1 mm.
Frequency = 300 GHz to 430 THz
A. Typically, the human eye can detect
wavelengths from 380 to 700 nanometers. Fig. 10. Electromagnetic Spectrum

16. 1. INFRARED THERMOMETER
Principle: Black Body Radiation
A. Infrared thermometer measures the infrared radiation.
B. The molecules in the object emit infrared radiation as they get hotter. Infrared
thermometers detect and measure this radiation.
Advantages:
Measurements of moving parts, measurements from distance,
Compact and easy to use.
Applications:
Furnace temperature, engine cooling systems, boiler operations,
Food safety, storage areas, agriculture, etc.
Fig. 11. Infrared Thermometer

17. Fig. 12. Infrared Thermometer Working Principle

18. I.R Thermometer
Applications
Fig. 13. Furnace temperature
Fig. 14. Engine temperature
Fig. 15. Human body temperature
Fig. 16. Plant temperature
Fig. 17. Food temperature

19. CONTACT THERMOMETER
A. This is a traditional method for obtaining temperature measurement of a
body by direct contact.
B. These are thermocouples which measures for example flue gas, hot air,
hot water temperatures by insertion of probe into the stream.
C. For surface temperatures, a leaf type probe is used with the same
instrument.
D. A probe attachment is helpful for measuring temperatures of gas,
Liquids, and other fluids by direct contact.
Applications:
1. Temperature measurements of steam in Boilers, and in food industries.
2. Temperature of chemicals in chemical industries etc.
Fig. 18. Contact
Thermometer

20. EXHAUST GAS ANALYSIS
A. Exhaust Gas Analysis involves monitoring of gases in manufacturing environments, industrial
sectors and scientific industries.
B. It is necessary to monitor the Quality of exhaust or flue gases released by industries into
atmosphere as if not done, can be harmful for the biodiversity.
C. An Exhaust gas analyser is an instrument that analyses species of chemical gases present in
sample.
D. It is used in industries for ensuring not too many toxic/harmful gases are being released into
the atmosphere.
Fig. 19. Statistics of exhaust gas analysis

21. INFRARED GAS ANALYSERS
Working Principle: Infrared Radiation
A. Infrared gas analyser measures trace gases by
determining the absorption of infrared light source.
B. They are capable of measuring concentrations of :
1. Carbon dioxide.
2. Carbon monoxide.
3. NOx (x = 1, 2, 3)
4. Sulphur dioxide.
A. The auditor uses this instrument to find out the
quality of the exhaust gases entering the atmosphere.
B. The trace gases are measured in PPM.
Fig .20. Construction of Infrared Gas
Analyses

22. Fig.21. Infrared Gas Analyser Fig .22. Taj Mahal Discolorations