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Instruments Used in Power Plant and in Strain Measurement
- 1. Instruments USED IN POWER PLANTS
- 2. INSTRUMENTS WE WILL DISCUSS 2 Thermocouples (Used in Boiler) Stroboscope (Used in Turbine) Vacuum Gauges (Used in Condenser) Ultra Sonic Flow Meter (Used in Pumps)
- 3. Thermocouple Thermocouple – A Temperature Measuring Device
- 4. TYPES OF THERMOCOUPLE 4 K Type 0 to 1100°C T Type -185°C to 300°C J Type 0 to 750°C N Type 0 to 1200°C E Type 0 to 800°C R Type 0°C to 160°C S Type 0 to 1550°C B Type 0 to 1600°C
- 5. Uses of a Thermocouple • Steel Industry • Gas Appliance Safety • Thermopile Radiation Sensors • Manufacturing • Power Production • Thermoelectric Cooling • Process Plants
- 6. Advantages of a Thermocouple • Covers A Wide Temperature Range • Comparatively Cheaper in Cost • Calibration Can Easily Be Checked • Offers Good Reproducibility • High Speed of Response • Satisfactory Measurement Accuracy
- 7. Limitations of a Thermocouple • For accurate temperature measurement, cold junction compensation is necessary. • The emf induced vs temperature is somewhat non-linear. • Stray Voltage pick-up is possible. • In many applications, amplification of signal is required.
- 9. Principles of a Stroboscope • Study of Stresses on Machinery in Motion. • Used as Measuring Instruments for Determining Cyclic Speed. • In Medicine, Stroboscope are Used to View the Vocal Cords. • Works on the Same Principle as Tachometer.
- 11. Principles of a Vacuum Gauge • Shows the difference between outside atm pressure and the amount of vacuum present in the intake manifold. • Helps to diagnose a blown heat gasket. • Can detect a clogged muffler or catalytic converter too.
- 12. Limitations of a Vacuum Gauge • Can’t measure more than 1 torr which is a big disadvantage.
- 13. Ultra Sonic Flow Meter Ultra Sonic Flow Meter
- 14. Principles of a Ultra Sonic Flow Meter A type of flow meter that measures the velocity of fluid with ultra-sound to calculate volume flow. • Time Transit Flow Meter – Ultrasonic flow meter measures the difference between transit time of ultrasonic pulses propagating with and against the flow direction. • Doppler Shift Flow Meter – Uses the principle of doppler shift that results from the reflection of an ultrasonic beam. • Open Channel Flow Meter – Actually measures the height of the water in the open channel based on the channel geometry.
- 15. Instruments USED IN STRAIN MEASUREMENT
- 16. Strain Gauges Structure of a Strain Gauge
- 17. Principle of Strain Gauges • A device for indicating the strain of a material or structure at the point of the attachment.
- 18. Principle of Strain Gauges • Strain Gauge is connected to a Wheatstone Bridge Circuit. • The change in resistance is proportional to applied strain and is measured with Whitestone Bridge.
- 19. TYPES OF STRAIN GAUGE 19 Mechanical Electrical Piezo-Electric Bounded Strain Unbounded Strain BASED ON PRINCIPLE OF WORKING BASED ON MOUNTING
- 20. Mechanical Strain Gauge • Made up of two separate plastic layers. The bottom layer has a ruler scaled on it and the top layer has a red arrow or pointer. One layer is glued to one side of the crack and one layer to the other. As the crack opens, the layers slide very slowly past one another and the Pointer moves over the scale.
- 21. Electrical Strain Gauge • Strain is inferred by measuring change in resistance.
- 22. Piezo-Electric Strain Gauge • Generates electric voltage when strain is applied to it and then the strain can be calculated from voltage.
- 23. Bounded Strain Gauge • A bonded strain gage element consisting of a metallic wire, etched foil, vacuum deposited film or semiconductor bar is cemented to the strain surface.
- 24. Unbounded Strain Gauge • Consists of a wire stretched between two points in an insulating Medium such as air. One end of the wire is fixed and the other end is attached to a movable element.
- 25. THANK YOU
- 26. Tanvir Mahtab 2016339004 Md. Azam Faruk 2016339017 Fahmida Akhter 2016339026 Md. Anamul Haque 2016339034 Jewel Chakma 2016339042