Exploring The Implementation Of Quality Teaching And Learning Of Ordinary Level English Language In Zimbabwe: A Case Of Hwange Rural Secondary Schools In Matabeleland North Province
IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSRJRME) is an open access journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of research & method in education. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced research & method in education concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
This document summarizes a study that investigated factors affecting students' performance in English language in Zanzibar secondary schools. The study found that students were highly motivated to learn English for future opportunities but their performance was negatively impacted by shortages of English teachers and teaching materials. The presence of untrained and underqualified teachers who skipped difficult topics in the syllabus also contributed. Large class sizes, teachers' responsibilities, and poor learning environments further hindered performance. The document recommends in-service teacher training, equal distribution of teachers, adequate facilities, and improved learning environments to enhance English teaching and learning.
Effect of Teachers’ Competence in English Phonology on Reading Ability among ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Good performance in English opens doors to many lucrative careers locally and internationally. Teaching reading and success in reading ability is therefore important for young learners. However, the ability for teachers to teach reading is not well documented. Little research has been conducted on teachers’ competence and attitudes towards reading ability among learners at preschool level. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of teachers’ competence on reading ability among pre-school children in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya. The theory of planned behaviour and education production function theory guided the study. The study employed the mixed methods approach. An explanatory research design was used. The target population was all the 1252 pre-school teachers in Elgeyo Marakwet County Kenya. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select the participating schools and individual teachers. A sample size of 294 schools was used. The instruments utilised were questionnaires, and observation schedules. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study findings revealed that there are more female pre-school teachers than male. It was also found that most of the pre-school teachers were inexperienced. Results indicated that the teachers’ competency in English phonology was below average. The study results indicated that the pre-school children reading ability was poor. Teacher competency in English phonology was found to have a positive significant effect on reading ability of pre-school children (β= .307, p<0.05). The study concluded that pre-school teaching is a gendered profession characterized by low competency in English phonology. It was also concluded that teacher competency in English phonology has a bearing on the reading ability of pre-school children. The study therefore recommended that pre-school teachers be trained to improve their competency in English phonology as to improve the reading ability of pre-school children.
Keywords: English Phonology, Teacher Competency, Reading Ability.
Title: Effect of Teachers’ Competence in English Phonology on Reading Ability among Pre-School Children in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya
Author: Muthoni Bilhah Kiptoo, Prof. Khaemba Ongeti, Prof. J.K. Too
ISSN 2349-7831
International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH)
Paper Publications
This document discusses a study that implemented task-based language teaching (TBLT) in an English as a foreign language (EFL) program at a university in Colombia. The study aimed to integrate language skills through tasks to help students improve their communicative competence. Six tasks were implemented with first semester students. The results showed that TBLT facilitated the integration of reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. The tasks were meaningful and combined exercises in different skills, which enhanced student interaction and communication abilities. The study concluded that TBLT is effective for integrating language skills and developing language competencies.
The function of English as the international language that connects various countries with different languages makes English as an important communication tool to be learned and taught for students from various levels of education as the provision to face the current era of globalization. The chain story technique that implemented in this research, is a technique that is suitable to be used to teach students who have not dared to actively use English. This technique helps students of Imanuel YPK Vocational High School, Sorong City to work as a team and help each other to construct the sentence. This study was designed in the form of Classroom Action Research (CAR). The method of this research is a qualitative and quantitative method. The qualitative to explain the condition before and after the action. The quantitative to count the score of the students. As for the subject in this research is the Class X Automation and Office Management. This is done in order to obtain valid and reliable research data. Data collection techniques used were observation, test and interview. Results of the study showed that: (1) Based on the observation, the students are changed to be more brave and confident to speak English; (2) Based on the test, there is a very significant change towards the positive, when compared to the value of very good and good in cycle 1 which is 42% while in cycle 2 is 80%, so there is an increase of 38%; (3) Based on the interview, the students were happy and giving the good responses about the treatment and the progress they have done.
This document discusses a study that examined the implementation of School-based Oral English Assessment (SBOEA) by English teachers in rural secondary schools in Sabah, Malaysia. The study had several objectives: 1) To examine differences in implementation based on teacher demographics; 2) To investigate teacher familiarity with SBOEA content, objectives, and guidelines; 3) To understand teacher perceptions of SBOEA; and 4) To identify relationships between implementation and influencing factors. A questionnaire was administered to 56 English teachers across 14 rural secondary schools. The results found no significant differences based on demographics, teachers had positive perceptions of SBOEA, and implementation was positively correlated with influencing factors like content, objectives, and guidelines.
This article aims at exposing a design of project based content language integrated learning (CLIL) at a higher education insitution in Indonesia. Th design is proposed based on a mixture of the principle of language integrated learning (CLIL) and the principle of project based learning. The design was implemented for the teaching of English as a compulsory subject at three departments of the university of Lampung. Quantitative data was obtained from the value of students’ English proficiency before and after CLIL model application. While the qualitative data was obtained from the output of language produced by students during the learning process took place. The results showed that project based CLIL English language course at the faculty of teaching and education, the University of Lampung could work effectively. This is evident from the implementation of the whole program activities, from the implementation of the formation of groups, students work in groups to finish the project, group presentation activities, personal presentations and students’ responses to all activities.
The use of oral language approaches in developing writing skills in english l...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the use of oral language approaches to develop writing skills among secondary school students in Kenya. The study found that problems included students' negative attitudes towards English, teachers' ineffective methodologies, lack of instructional materials, and students' inability to express themselves orally. It was also found that limited class time, large class sizes, poor student discipline, and lack of ICT exposure constrained the use of oral approaches. The study recommends that teachers incorporate more interactive oral activities, address students' attitudes, emphasize the importance of English, and improve their feedback and correction of oral errors.
This document summarizes a study that investigated factors affecting students' performance in English language in Zanzibar secondary schools. The study found that students were highly motivated to learn English for future opportunities but their performance was negatively impacted by shortages of English teachers and teaching materials. The presence of untrained and underqualified teachers who skipped difficult topics in the syllabus also contributed. Large class sizes, teachers' responsibilities, and poor learning environments further hindered performance. The document recommends in-service teacher training, equal distribution of teachers, adequate facilities, and improved learning environments to enhance English teaching and learning.
Effect of Teachers’ Competence in English Phonology on Reading Ability among ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Good performance in English opens doors to many lucrative careers locally and internationally. Teaching reading and success in reading ability is therefore important for young learners. However, the ability for teachers to teach reading is not well documented. Little research has been conducted on teachers’ competence and attitudes towards reading ability among learners at preschool level. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of teachers’ competence on reading ability among pre-school children in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya. The theory of planned behaviour and education production function theory guided the study. The study employed the mixed methods approach. An explanatory research design was used. The target population was all the 1252 pre-school teachers in Elgeyo Marakwet County Kenya. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select the participating schools and individual teachers. A sample size of 294 schools was used. The instruments utilised were questionnaires, and observation schedules. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study findings revealed that there are more female pre-school teachers than male. It was also found that most of the pre-school teachers were inexperienced. Results indicated that the teachers’ competency in English phonology was below average. The study results indicated that the pre-school children reading ability was poor. Teacher competency in English phonology was found to have a positive significant effect on reading ability of pre-school children (β= .307, p<0.05). The study concluded that pre-school teaching is a gendered profession characterized by low competency in English phonology. It was also concluded that teacher competency in English phonology has a bearing on the reading ability of pre-school children. The study therefore recommended that pre-school teachers be trained to improve their competency in English phonology as to improve the reading ability of pre-school children.
Keywords: English Phonology, Teacher Competency, Reading Ability.
Title: Effect of Teachers’ Competence in English Phonology on Reading Ability among Pre-School Children in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya
Author: Muthoni Bilhah Kiptoo, Prof. Khaemba Ongeti, Prof. J.K. Too
ISSN 2349-7831
International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH)
Paper Publications
This document discusses a study that implemented task-based language teaching (TBLT) in an English as a foreign language (EFL) program at a university in Colombia. The study aimed to integrate language skills through tasks to help students improve their communicative competence. Six tasks were implemented with first semester students. The results showed that TBLT facilitated the integration of reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. The tasks were meaningful and combined exercises in different skills, which enhanced student interaction and communication abilities. The study concluded that TBLT is effective for integrating language skills and developing language competencies.
The function of English as the international language that connects various countries with different languages makes English as an important communication tool to be learned and taught for students from various levels of education as the provision to face the current era of globalization. The chain story technique that implemented in this research, is a technique that is suitable to be used to teach students who have not dared to actively use English. This technique helps students of Imanuel YPK Vocational High School, Sorong City to work as a team and help each other to construct the sentence. This study was designed in the form of Classroom Action Research (CAR). The method of this research is a qualitative and quantitative method. The qualitative to explain the condition before and after the action. The quantitative to count the score of the students. As for the subject in this research is the Class X Automation and Office Management. This is done in order to obtain valid and reliable research data. Data collection techniques used were observation, test and interview. Results of the study showed that: (1) Based on the observation, the students are changed to be more brave and confident to speak English; (2) Based on the test, there is a very significant change towards the positive, when compared to the value of very good and good in cycle 1 which is 42% while in cycle 2 is 80%, so there is an increase of 38%; (3) Based on the interview, the students were happy and giving the good responses about the treatment and the progress they have done.
This document discusses a study that examined the implementation of School-based Oral English Assessment (SBOEA) by English teachers in rural secondary schools in Sabah, Malaysia. The study had several objectives: 1) To examine differences in implementation based on teacher demographics; 2) To investigate teacher familiarity with SBOEA content, objectives, and guidelines; 3) To understand teacher perceptions of SBOEA; and 4) To identify relationships between implementation and influencing factors. A questionnaire was administered to 56 English teachers across 14 rural secondary schools. The results found no significant differences based on demographics, teachers had positive perceptions of SBOEA, and implementation was positively correlated with influencing factors like content, objectives, and guidelines.
This article aims at exposing a design of project based content language integrated learning (CLIL) at a higher education insitution in Indonesia. Th design is proposed based on a mixture of the principle of language integrated learning (CLIL) and the principle of project based learning. The design was implemented for the teaching of English as a compulsory subject at three departments of the university of Lampung. Quantitative data was obtained from the value of students’ English proficiency before and after CLIL model application. While the qualitative data was obtained from the output of language produced by students during the learning process took place. The results showed that project based CLIL English language course at the faculty of teaching and education, the University of Lampung could work effectively. This is evident from the implementation of the whole program activities, from the implementation of the formation of groups, students work in groups to finish the project, group presentation activities, personal presentations and students’ responses to all activities.
The use of oral language approaches in developing writing skills in english l...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the use of oral language approaches to develop writing skills among secondary school students in Kenya. The study found that problems included students' negative attitudes towards English, teachers' ineffective methodologies, lack of instructional materials, and students' inability to express themselves orally. It was also found that limited class time, large class sizes, poor student discipline, and lack of ICT exposure constrained the use of oral approaches. The study recommends that teachers incorporate more interactive oral activities, address students' attitudes, emphasize the importance of English, and improve their feedback and correction of oral errors.
Curriculum structure in ELT Program in Expanding circle countries_Teflin 2013...Susilo Ma'ruf
The document discusses the curriculum of English language teacher education programs in expanding circle countries like Indonesia. It analyzes the six domains of content that make up the core knowledge base of second language teacher education programs according to Richards: theories of teaching, teaching skills, communication skills, subject matter knowledge, pedagogical reasoning and decision making, and context knowledge. It examines how these six domains are represented in the core curriculum of English education departments at teacher training institutions in Indonesia. Specifically, it looks at whether all six domains are equally emphasized or if more focus is placed on developing strong teaching skills versus strong English language proficiency in pre-service teachers.
Vocabulary learning is an integral part of foreign language learning. The meaning of new words is very often emphasised, both in books and in verbal communication. Vocabulary is considered a centre of language teaching and is very important for language learners. This study found a daily code-mixing strategy in learning English vocabulary in the second grade of secondary school. The method used is qualitative and quantitative. The research phase includes pre-test and post-test, questionnaire and interview. The findings show that there is an influence on the level of student skills in using the strategy. Furthermore, it also found that students with higher vocabulary levels tended to take lessons in class interactively, this became fun, and students could motivate themselves they usually succeeded in learning by asking, monitoring and evaluating their learning habits. The findings also show that students with low vocabulary levels tend to choose to ignore direction and lack of participation, which means that they do not care about the course of the teacher and still carry unfavourable habits in the classroom. The findings of this study contribute to the further development of existing code-mixing theory and about vocabulary students and strategies. This study refers to giving benefits to classroom practice in the Indonesian context, specifically in increasing EFL teacher awareness so as not to focus solely on existing strategies, but rather look at the phenomena that occur around to create new strategies in teaching English.
Examination of correlates of english language learning among adult learners i...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined factors correlated with English language learning among adult learners in Borno State, Nigeria.
1) The study aimed to determine the relationship between adult learners' English reading ability and variables like their mental ability, learning environment, and instructor quality.
2) Data was collected from 298 adult learners using questionnaires and tests. Statistical analyses found a significant relationship between reading ability and the variables.
3) The study also found a significant relationship between an English reading ability index and predictor variables like mental ability, but no significant difference between male and female learners' reading ability.
This document summarizes a study that examined the English pronunciation skills of 147 Thai elementary school teachers. The teachers completed a stress identification test of 50 multisyllabic words to assess their pronunciation competence. They also provided personal information via a questionnaire. The results showed that the teachers struggled with identifying stressed syllables in English words. A statistical analysis found that the teachers' major of study was the factor most significantly impacting their test scores. The findings can help inform professional development for English teachers in Thailand.
THE EVALUATION OF USER ACCEPTANCE OF AN IBAN DIGITAL STORY TELLING (IDST) APP...ijma
The subject of Iban language for Year One’s students is taught with elements of children's story. However,a preliminary investigation found that the current approach in teaching this subject using a textbook and audio narration is not efficacious. Thus, an Iban Digital Story Telling (IDST) application was developed to assist teachers in teaching Iban language. The aim of this study is to examine the acceptance of DST application in terms of ease of use and usefulness among teachers who teach Iban language in several primary schools. The study used a qualitative approach based on interviews involving 10 teachers, who were recruited from several primary schools in Sarawak, Malaysia. The analysis of qualitative data showed that all teachers rated the usefulness and ease of use of the IDST application to be high, which together helped them to teach the subject matter with more efficacy. Given these promising results, such a novel learning application can be used as an alternative teaching tool to further improve the current practice of teaching Iban language to primary school children.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effectiveness of the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach compared to the traditional Grammar Translation Method (GTM) in teaching English in Pakistan. The study had two parts: 1) An experimental study that used pre- and post-tests to measure the achievement and attitudes of students taught with either CLT or GTM. The CLT group showed more improvement. 2) A survey of English teachers that identified challenges to implementing CLT, including issues with teachers, students, testing, and adapting Western approaches to local contexts. Overall, the study found CLT could be effective if implemented properly but faces barriers in the Pakistani education system and culture.
THE EFFECTS OF VISUAL MATERIALS ON STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF VOCABULARY IN L...John1Lorcan
The aim of this research paper is to find out how visual materials affect student’s understanding on
literature and their perception towards usage of visual materials to learning literature. The targets of this
research were 39 form 4 intermediate class students in a secondary school in Ipoh town, Perak. Students’
understanding on literature is based on their score in the vocabulary recognition test. Questionnaire and
semi-structured interview were used to obtain students’ insight on usage of visual materials in learning
literature. Using the visual materials, students can understand the literature and word meanings better.
They showed positive attitude towards usage of visual materials during literature class.
Language of instruction and its impact on quality of education in secondary s...Alexander Decker
- The document examines key stakeholders' opinions on the language of instruction in secondary schools in Tanzania. It involved 408 respondents including teachers, students, and parents.
- Most teachers (64.5%) and students (78.1%) preferred English as the language of instruction, while some parents also preferred English. However, many students (69.5%) reported not understanding lessons well when taught fully in English.
- While English was still favored, most teachers did not use it exclusively in class, and 71.4% of students felt both English and Swahili should be used to aid understanding. The study concluded use of only English contributed to poor academic performance.
Reconsidering english language teaching in vernacular medium schools of india...Atiya Khan
Although there have been recurring reforms in the policy of Indian government towards the teaching and learning of English and currently English is taught as a compulsory subject in all schools, students from vernacular-medium schools suffer as apart from total unfamiliarity with the language, the pedagogies used to teach English do not enable them to speak the language fluently. Albeit, the demands in India for better teaching and learning of English are not being met meaningfully in vernacular-medium schools. Vernacular-medium students in India mostly leave school speaking a language that would not be recognised in the job market. This paper is a review of related literature to suggest a reconsideration of English language teaching in vernacular-medium schools of India with an emphasis on employability.
This document summarizes a study about English language teachers and teacher training in Pakistan. It discusses the standards for language teacher training in Europe and contrasts that with the realities in Pakistan. It finds that Pakistani teachers generally do not meet the standards set by the Ministry of Education and lack the necessary capabilities for teaching English. The document recommends investing more in teacher training programs to improve English language teaching and learning in Pakistan.
The Libyan Ministry of Education has taken important steps to introduce English from the 1st grade (age 6) since autumn semester 2018/2019, yet without taking into considerations the issues that will be faced in teaching English in primary schools. This study, therefore, aimed to identify the issues encountered in the teaching of English from the 1st grade to the 4th grade in primary schools in Elqubba, a city in Eastern Libya and how to overcome these issues. Data were collected through focussed observations and semistructured interviews. The findings revealed that crowded classrooms, lack of teaching tools and equipments, insufficient exposure to the target language, extensive use of Arabic language, some deficiencies in "English for Libya" coursebooks, poor knowledge of teaching methods, and non-English major teachers were the challenges faced in teaching English. Directions are proposed to overcome these issues.
The competence of primary school english teachers in indonesiaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined the professional and pedagogic competence of primary school English teachers in Indonesia. The study surveyed 1,415 English teachers across 10 districts. It found that 51% of teachers had never attended an English teaching college and 68% had less than 5 years of English teaching experience. To measure competence, 200 teachers completed a test of their subject area knowledge and answered open-ended questions. The study aimed to evaluate teachers' professional and pedagogic skills and make recommendations to improve English education for young learners in Indonesia.
An assessment of language arts curriculum and instruction in some schools in ...Alexander Decker
1. The document assesses the language arts curriculum and instruction methods used in some secondary schools in Calabar, Nigeria.
2. It finds that the language arts curriculum covers the four basic skills of English (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) as outlined in the prescribed textbooks.
3. The dominant instruction method used by teachers for grammar lessons is the Modified Lecture Method, which involves mostly one-way communication from teacher to students, without the use of instructional materials.
The Bridging Process: Filipino Teachers’ View on Mother TongueRSIS International
This document summarizes a study on Filipino teachers' views of using mother tongue as the medium of instruction. The study surveyed 35 elementary teachers at a school in the Philippines. It found that the teachers moderately perceived the mother tongue-based approach as effective and efficient in achieving learning goals. Specifically, teachers agreed that using the mother tongue-based approach, objectives are clear and easy to facilitate. They also agreed that learning tasks can be easily covered within allotted time. The study provides insight into teachers' perspectives on implementing the Philippines' language education policy of using mother tongue in early grades.
There is a fast-moving worldwide shift from English being taught as a foreign language (EFL) to English being the medium of instruction (EMI) for academic subjects such as science, mathematics, geography and medicine. EMI is increasingly being used in universities, secondary schools and even primary schools.
M.Wright
This document is a report on the need for teaching literacy, including English grammar, in Australian schools. It begins with an introduction that discusses the evolving definition of literacy and the debate around phonics vs whole language approaches. The report then discusses how literacy is essential for personal empowerment and development. It cites sources that show 20% of Australians have poor literacy and there are gaps between socioeconomic levels. The report recommends that the Australian curriculum prioritize literacy and use a combination of phonics and whole language approaches. It concludes that literacy plays a crucial role in students' lives and society, so should be a focus in schools.
The document is an assignment submitted by a student named Julie Papps with the student number 220076557. The assignment includes two parts - the first is a one paragraph summary of the Australian Curriculum draft document, describing its purpose, context and tone. The second part is an essay comparing three texts about the Australian national curriculum in terms of their relationships, purposes, contexts, tones and mediums of production.
Communicative approach an innovative tactic in english language teachingAlexander Decker
The document summarizes challenges with implementing a communicative approach to teaching English in Bangladesh and proposes solutions. It notes that communicative language teaching was introduced in Bangladesh in the 1990s but faced criticism for lacking grammar instruction and translation. However, the document argues that the problem is not solely with the approach, but also with supporting factors like inadequate teacher training, infrastructure, and evaluation systems. It proposes developing the teaching methodology, changing perceptions of teachers and students, using an eclectic method, improving curriculum and evaluation, and providing more teacher training to help make the communicative approach effective.
11.communicative approach an innovative tactic in english language teachingAlexander Decker
The document summarizes challenges with implementing the communicative language teaching (CLT) approach in English language education in Bangladesh. It discusses issues such as lack of teacher training, large class sizes, traditional teaching methods, outdated curriculum and textbooks, lack of English speaking environments, and exam systems that don't evaluate speaking skills. It proposes solutions like improving teacher training, reducing class sizes, developing more innovative and engaging curriculum materials, increasing access to technology, and reforming exam systems to better assess communicative competence. The overall problem is not solely with the CLT approach, but also shortcomings in its implementation in the Bangladeshi education system and related support structures.
This document discusses the use of lecture as a teaching strategy for language classes. It argues that lecture is a dominant method used in Pakistani colleges but has limitations for teaching English as a language. While lecture is effective for content-based subjects, it is problematic for language classes because it does not promote active student participation or development of communication skills. The document reviews literature on different teaching methods and finds inconclusive evidence about the superiority of any single method. It concludes that lecture can be improved through innovative techniques and technologies, but may not be optimal for developing language proficiency.
5 reasons why digital health is the next top performer in emerging countriesMEDx eHealthCenter
Digital health has the potential to be the next top performer in emerging countries for three main reasons:
1) Healthcare is often inaccessible, inadequate, unaffordable, and not well regulated due to lack of traceability in these countries.
2) The populations of emerging countries are large, with over 4 billion under age 30, many of whom are active online through social media and mobile devices.
3) Technological adoption is growing in emerging markets, with increasing internet and mobile access, as well as rising purchasing power.
Descubre un truco sencillo y rápido para mejorar tus búsquedas en Google Chrome. Podrás acceder a la información limitando el número de clicks usando el tabulador
Curriculum structure in ELT Program in Expanding circle countries_Teflin 2013...Susilo Ma'ruf
The document discusses the curriculum of English language teacher education programs in expanding circle countries like Indonesia. It analyzes the six domains of content that make up the core knowledge base of second language teacher education programs according to Richards: theories of teaching, teaching skills, communication skills, subject matter knowledge, pedagogical reasoning and decision making, and context knowledge. It examines how these six domains are represented in the core curriculum of English education departments at teacher training institutions in Indonesia. Specifically, it looks at whether all six domains are equally emphasized or if more focus is placed on developing strong teaching skills versus strong English language proficiency in pre-service teachers.
Vocabulary learning is an integral part of foreign language learning. The meaning of new words is very often emphasised, both in books and in verbal communication. Vocabulary is considered a centre of language teaching and is very important for language learners. This study found a daily code-mixing strategy in learning English vocabulary in the second grade of secondary school. The method used is qualitative and quantitative. The research phase includes pre-test and post-test, questionnaire and interview. The findings show that there is an influence on the level of student skills in using the strategy. Furthermore, it also found that students with higher vocabulary levels tended to take lessons in class interactively, this became fun, and students could motivate themselves they usually succeeded in learning by asking, monitoring and evaluating their learning habits. The findings also show that students with low vocabulary levels tend to choose to ignore direction and lack of participation, which means that they do not care about the course of the teacher and still carry unfavourable habits in the classroom. The findings of this study contribute to the further development of existing code-mixing theory and about vocabulary students and strategies. This study refers to giving benefits to classroom practice in the Indonesian context, specifically in increasing EFL teacher awareness so as not to focus solely on existing strategies, but rather look at the phenomena that occur around to create new strategies in teaching English.
Examination of correlates of english language learning among adult learners i...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined factors correlated with English language learning among adult learners in Borno State, Nigeria.
1) The study aimed to determine the relationship between adult learners' English reading ability and variables like their mental ability, learning environment, and instructor quality.
2) Data was collected from 298 adult learners using questionnaires and tests. Statistical analyses found a significant relationship between reading ability and the variables.
3) The study also found a significant relationship between an English reading ability index and predictor variables like mental ability, but no significant difference between male and female learners' reading ability.
This document summarizes a study that examined the English pronunciation skills of 147 Thai elementary school teachers. The teachers completed a stress identification test of 50 multisyllabic words to assess their pronunciation competence. They also provided personal information via a questionnaire. The results showed that the teachers struggled with identifying stressed syllables in English words. A statistical analysis found that the teachers' major of study was the factor most significantly impacting their test scores. The findings can help inform professional development for English teachers in Thailand.
THE EVALUATION OF USER ACCEPTANCE OF AN IBAN DIGITAL STORY TELLING (IDST) APP...ijma
The subject of Iban language for Year One’s students is taught with elements of children's story. However,a preliminary investigation found that the current approach in teaching this subject using a textbook and audio narration is not efficacious. Thus, an Iban Digital Story Telling (IDST) application was developed to assist teachers in teaching Iban language. The aim of this study is to examine the acceptance of DST application in terms of ease of use and usefulness among teachers who teach Iban language in several primary schools. The study used a qualitative approach based on interviews involving 10 teachers, who were recruited from several primary schools in Sarawak, Malaysia. The analysis of qualitative data showed that all teachers rated the usefulness and ease of use of the IDST application to be high, which together helped them to teach the subject matter with more efficacy. Given these promising results, such a novel learning application can be used as an alternative teaching tool to further improve the current practice of teaching Iban language to primary school children.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effectiveness of the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach compared to the traditional Grammar Translation Method (GTM) in teaching English in Pakistan. The study had two parts: 1) An experimental study that used pre- and post-tests to measure the achievement and attitudes of students taught with either CLT or GTM. The CLT group showed more improvement. 2) A survey of English teachers that identified challenges to implementing CLT, including issues with teachers, students, testing, and adapting Western approaches to local contexts. Overall, the study found CLT could be effective if implemented properly but faces barriers in the Pakistani education system and culture.
THE EFFECTS OF VISUAL MATERIALS ON STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF VOCABULARY IN L...John1Lorcan
The aim of this research paper is to find out how visual materials affect student’s understanding on
literature and their perception towards usage of visual materials to learning literature. The targets of this
research were 39 form 4 intermediate class students in a secondary school in Ipoh town, Perak. Students’
understanding on literature is based on their score in the vocabulary recognition test. Questionnaire and
semi-structured interview were used to obtain students’ insight on usage of visual materials in learning
literature. Using the visual materials, students can understand the literature and word meanings better.
They showed positive attitude towards usage of visual materials during literature class.
Language of instruction and its impact on quality of education in secondary s...Alexander Decker
- The document examines key stakeholders' opinions on the language of instruction in secondary schools in Tanzania. It involved 408 respondents including teachers, students, and parents.
- Most teachers (64.5%) and students (78.1%) preferred English as the language of instruction, while some parents also preferred English. However, many students (69.5%) reported not understanding lessons well when taught fully in English.
- While English was still favored, most teachers did not use it exclusively in class, and 71.4% of students felt both English and Swahili should be used to aid understanding. The study concluded use of only English contributed to poor academic performance.
Reconsidering english language teaching in vernacular medium schools of india...Atiya Khan
Although there have been recurring reforms in the policy of Indian government towards the teaching and learning of English and currently English is taught as a compulsory subject in all schools, students from vernacular-medium schools suffer as apart from total unfamiliarity with the language, the pedagogies used to teach English do not enable them to speak the language fluently. Albeit, the demands in India for better teaching and learning of English are not being met meaningfully in vernacular-medium schools. Vernacular-medium students in India mostly leave school speaking a language that would not be recognised in the job market. This paper is a review of related literature to suggest a reconsideration of English language teaching in vernacular-medium schools of India with an emphasis on employability.
This document summarizes a study about English language teachers and teacher training in Pakistan. It discusses the standards for language teacher training in Europe and contrasts that with the realities in Pakistan. It finds that Pakistani teachers generally do not meet the standards set by the Ministry of Education and lack the necessary capabilities for teaching English. The document recommends investing more in teacher training programs to improve English language teaching and learning in Pakistan.
The Libyan Ministry of Education has taken important steps to introduce English from the 1st grade (age 6) since autumn semester 2018/2019, yet without taking into considerations the issues that will be faced in teaching English in primary schools. This study, therefore, aimed to identify the issues encountered in the teaching of English from the 1st grade to the 4th grade in primary schools in Elqubba, a city in Eastern Libya and how to overcome these issues. Data were collected through focussed observations and semistructured interviews. The findings revealed that crowded classrooms, lack of teaching tools and equipments, insufficient exposure to the target language, extensive use of Arabic language, some deficiencies in "English for Libya" coursebooks, poor knowledge of teaching methods, and non-English major teachers were the challenges faced in teaching English. Directions are proposed to overcome these issues.
The competence of primary school english teachers in indonesiaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined the professional and pedagogic competence of primary school English teachers in Indonesia. The study surveyed 1,415 English teachers across 10 districts. It found that 51% of teachers had never attended an English teaching college and 68% had less than 5 years of English teaching experience. To measure competence, 200 teachers completed a test of their subject area knowledge and answered open-ended questions. The study aimed to evaluate teachers' professional and pedagogic skills and make recommendations to improve English education for young learners in Indonesia.
An assessment of language arts curriculum and instruction in some schools in ...Alexander Decker
1. The document assesses the language arts curriculum and instruction methods used in some secondary schools in Calabar, Nigeria.
2. It finds that the language arts curriculum covers the four basic skills of English (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) as outlined in the prescribed textbooks.
3. The dominant instruction method used by teachers for grammar lessons is the Modified Lecture Method, which involves mostly one-way communication from teacher to students, without the use of instructional materials.
The Bridging Process: Filipino Teachers’ View on Mother TongueRSIS International
This document summarizes a study on Filipino teachers' views of using mother tongue as the medium of instruction. The study surveyed 35 elementary teachers at a school in the Philippines. It found that the teachers moderately perceived the mother tongue-based approach as effective and efficient in achieving learning goals. Specifically, teachers agreed that using the mother tongue-based approach, objectives are clear and easy to facilitate. They also agreed that learning tasks can be easily covered within allotted time. The study provides insight into teachers' perspectives on implementing the Philippines' language education policy of using mother tongue in early grades.
There is a fast-moving worldwide shift from English being taught as a foreign language (EFL) to English being the medium of instruction (EMI) for academic subjects such as science, mathematics, geography and medicine. EMI is increasingly being used in universities, secondary schools and even primary schools.
M.Wright
This document is a report on the need for teaching literacy, including English grammar, in Australian schools. It begins with an introduction that discusses the evolving definition of literacy and the debate around phonics vs whole language approaches. The report then discusses how literacy is essential for personal empowerment and development. It cites sources that show 20% of Australians have poor literacy and there are gaps between socioeconomic levels. The report recommends that the Australian curriculum prioritize literacy and use a combination of phonics and whole language approaches. It concludes that literacy plays a crucial role in students' lives and society, so should be a focus in schools.
The document is an assignment submitted by a student named Julie Papps with the student number 220076557. The assignment includes two parts - the first is a one paragraph summary of the Australian Curriculum draft document, describing its purpose, context and tone. The second part is an essay comparing three texts about the Australian national curriculum in terms of their relationships, purposes, contexts, tones and mediums of production.
Communicative approach an innovative tactic in english language teachingAlexander Decker
The document summarizes challenges with implementing a communicative approach to teaching English in Bangladesh and proposes solutions. It notes that communicative language teaching was introduced in Bangladesh in the 1990s but faced criticism for lacking grammar instruction and translation. However, the document argues that the problem is not solely with the approach, but also with supporting factors like inadequate teacher training, infrastructure, and evaluation systems. It proposes developing the teaching methodology, changing perceptions of teachers and students, using an eclectic method, improving curriculum and evaluation, and providing more teacher training to help make the communicative approach effective.
11.communicative approach an innovative tactic in english language teachingAlexander Decker
The document summarizes challenges with implementing the communicative language teaching (CLT) approach in English language education in Bangladesh. It discusses issues such as lack of teacher training, large class sizes, traditional teaching methods, outdated curriculum and textbooks, lack of English speaking environments, and exam systems that don't evaluate speaking skills. It proposes solutions like improving teacher training, reducing class sizes, developing more innovative and engaging curriculum materials, increasing access to technology, and reforming exam systems to better assess communicative competence. The overall problem is not solely with the CLT approach, but also shortcomings in its implementation in the Bangladeshi education system and related support structures.
This document discusses the use of lecture as a teaching strategy for language classes. It argues that lecture is a dominant method used in Pakistani colleges but has limitations for teaching English as a language. While lecture is effective for content-based subjects, it is problematic for language classes because it does not promote active student participation or development of communication skills. The document reviews literature on different teaching methods and finds inconclusive evidence about the superiority of any single method. It concludes that lecture can be improved through innovative techniques and technologies, but may not be optimal for developing language proficiency.
5 reasons why digital health is the next top performer in emerging countriesMEDx eHealthCenter
Digital health has the potential to be the next top performer in emerging countries for three main reasons:
1) Healthcare is often inaccessible, inadequate, unaffordable, and not well regulated due to lack of traceability in these countries.
2) The populations of emerging countries are large, with over 4 billion under age 30, many of whom are active online through social media and mobile devices.
3) Technological adoption is growing in emerging markets, with increasing internet and mobile access, as well as rising purchasing power.
Descubre un truco sencillo y rápido para mejorar tus búsquedas en Google Chrome. Podrás acceder a la información limitando el número de clicks usando el tabulador
This document discusses losing oneself while traveling as a conscious choice to be fully present and capable of living with uncertainty and mystery. It quotes Rebecca Solnit saying that one does not get lost but loses oneself through a chosen surrender. The document then raises the question of whether the author is living life right and notes that the images were taken on an iPhone 6 while traveling in Italy and Greece in August 2015.
Mayito Rivera anunció su despedida de los escenarios europeos con un concierto en el que el público podía ganar premios bailando al ritmo de su música.
Orientaciones para la planeación didáctica en los servicios de EEAngélica Villanueva
AL desarrollar la planeación didáctica en el salón de clase, cada maestro se enfrenta a situaciones inesperadas derivadas de múltiples factores cotidianos o extraordinarios que pueden constituirse en Barreras para el aprendizaje y la participación. El docente sensible a estas necesidades y a la diversidad que identifica en su grupo, reconoce que la planeación es flexible y pueden surgir enriquecimientos o variantes que hagan más pertinente la planeación inicialmente.
Cesária Évora era uma cantora cabo-verdiana conhecida como a "Diva dos pés descalços". Ela ficou famosa por sua voz rouca e interpretações emocionais da morna, um gênero musical tradicional de Cabo Verde. Sua canção "Sodade Canta" se tornou um de seus maiores sucessos e ajudou a popularizar a música de Cabo Verde em todo o mundo.
This document summarizes a master's thesis on using ranging measurements to aid monocular and stereo visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). The thesis aims to reduce drift in estimated trajectories by integrating ranging measurements into bundle adjustment. For monocular SLAM, ranging is used to resolve scale ambiguity, while for stereo SLAM it is directly included in the bundle adjustment cost function. Experimental results demonstrate reduced reprojection error through bundle adjustment of 3168 points over 100 frames using a visual-inertial sensor.
Mobile application development for android with phonegapSayed Ahmed
This document provides information about Sayed Ahmed, including his educational background and work experience as President and Chief Architect of Justetc Technologies. It also outlines the process for developing a web application using PhoneGap to compile it for the Android platform, including downloading the necessary tools, adding files to the Android project, and potential changes needed to combat errors.
Este documento presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre el uso de recursos basados en las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) para la enseñanza de la enfermería en titulaciones universitarias. Se describen varias experiencias que han empleado recursos virtuales como cursos en línea, módulos multimedia y entornos de aprendizaje basados en la web. También se identifican factores que influyen en la enseñanza de la enfermería mediante TIC, como la satisfacción de los estudiantes
Este manual presenta los conceptos y procedimientos básicos de primeros auxilios. Explica definiciones como primeros auxilios, primer respondiente y servicio médico de urgencias. Describe la importancia de la evaluación de la seguridad de la escena y del paciente, así como la revisión de signos vitales y el tratamiento de emergencias como obstrucciones de las vías respiratorias, reanimación cardiopulmonar, hemorragias, esguinces y vendajes. Finalmente, cubre padecimientos médicos comunes y elementos básicos de un bot
Las sondas vesicales son tubos flexibles utilizados para drenar la vejiga. Se usan para vaciar la vejiga en casos de retención urinaria, controlar la diuresis, recoger muestras de orina, determinar la orina residual, permitir la cicatrización de las vías urinarias después de una cirugía, e irrigar o administrar medicamentos en la vejiga. Existen diferentes tipos de sondas según su material, tamaño, duración de uso y función. Un cuidado adecuado de la piel y
El documento presenta las normas y el procedimiento para realizar una venoclisis o administración de soluciones por vía venosa periférica. Explica los pasos para la colocación de un catéter venoso, incluyendo la selección de la vena, desinfección, punción e inserción del catéter. También describe los equipos necesarios y las recomendaciones para prevenir infecciones y otras complicaciones. Finalmente, clasifica los diferentes tipos de soluciones que se pueden administrar por vía endovenosa.
Conférence sur la livraison collaborative- World Class LogisticsLogicités
Slides de la conférence du 15 décembre 2015 effectuée par Jérôme Libeskind, expert en logistique urbaine et e-commerce-
La livraison collaborative ou delivery crowdsourcing.
Conférence sur la livraison collaborative- World Class Logistics
Similar to Exploring The Implementation Of Quality Teaching And Learning Of Ordinary Level English Language In Zimbabwe: A Case Of Hwange Rural Secondary Schools In Matabeleland North Province
This document summarizes a study that investigated factors affecting students' performance in English language in secondary schools in Zanzibar, Tanzania. The study found that students were highly motivated to learn English for future opportunities but their performance was negatively impacted by shortages of English teachers and lack of teaching materials. Additionally, the presence of untrained and underqualified teachers who skipped difficult topics in the syllabus contributed to poor performance. Large class sizes, teachers' responsibilities, and poor learning environments at school and home were also found to be contributing factors to students' low English proficiency. The study recommends in-service teacher training, equal distribution of English teachers, adequate teaching facilities, and improved learning environments to enhance students' performance in English.
Languages used by teachers in English-language classrooms: An EFL perspectivesouvikbarua3
Language and language policy researchers are interested in the development of using English in the English
language classroom in an EFL context in this era of globalization and internationalization. The main focus of the study
was to find answers to the questions of what languages are used in the EFL classroom and what problems teachers have
in using English at the secondary level in Bangladesh. According to the data from the study, teachers were challenged
by their own language skills, students’ language ability, and pedagogical problems. The findings of this study will help
teachers examine themselves more closely and come up with better ideas and reasons for their techniques and attitudes
toward English language teaching. Additionally, the study may reveal the teachers’ perspectives on the issues their
students face. In Bangladesh, social and economic disparities in two different regions within the same country produce
an imbalance in English language teaching, which obstructs the implementation of effective use of English as a language
of instruction in the classroom. Taking this into account, educators may focus on the procedures for an engaging and
neutral English language classroom use.
This document provides background information for a research proposal examining the effects of oral literature on teaching and learning English in primary schools in Uganda. It discusses the historical use of oral literature in teaching English and outlines the study's objectives, which are to determine the forms of oral literature that enhance English learning, the effects of oral literature on English learning, and problems faced in teaching oral literature. The document reviews related literature on oral literature and conceptualizes it in relation to this study.
A comparative study of secondary school students’ performanceAlexander Decker
This study compared the performance of secondary school students in English and Social Studies in Osun State, Nigeria. The following key points are summarized:
1. Test results from 800 students across 10 schools showed a significant difference in performance between English and Social Studies, with higher average scores in Social Studies.
2. Scores varied significantly across the 10 schools in both subjects.
3. However, gender, school location, and school type (public vs. private) were not found to significantly influence student performance in either subject.
4. The researchers concluded students performed better in Social Studies than English, possibly due to factors other than English language proficiency influencing Social Studies understanding. Consistent teacher training was recommended to
This document discusses the development of an English instructional module for Grade 7 STE learners in La Union National High School. It notes the importance of English competence for education, careers, and global competitiveness. The school's English performance on mastery tests and the national achievement test is moderate, indicating room for improvement. The document reviews literature showing that appropriate instructional materials can positively impact student performance. It then proposes developing an English instructional module to enhance the learners' English skills through content-based instruction.
Availability and Utilisation of Teaching Resources as Predictors of Secondary...Premier Publishers
Researchers have attributed poor performance in Oral English to poor instruction. Availability and utilization of teaching resources in Oral English instruction has been found to be inadequate. Research design was descriptive and data was analysed using regression analysis. The results show that students’ achievement in Oral English had a non-significant positive low relationship with availability (r = .079; p>.05) but a non-significant negative low relationship with utilization of teaching resources (r = -.112; p>.05). Joint contribution of the two independent variables was not significant on achievement and relative contribution of availability (β = .175; t = .720; p>.05) and utilization (β = -.151; t = -.622; p>.05) was not significant.
This document summarizes a research study on the challenges of teaching English to young learners in primary schools in Kuwait. The study collected data through surveys of 20 English teachers and interviews/observations of teachers in 5 educational areas of Kuwait. The main challenges identified were lack of teacher training, inadequate resources, large class sizes that make communicative language teaching difficult, exams that focus on grammar over skills, and limited use of English in and outside the classroom. The researchers concluded that teachers face significant obstacles in teaching English to young learners locally in Kuwait.
An Investigation Into The Prevalence of Code Switching in the Teaching of Nat...IJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This study examines the functions of code-switching in primary schools by science teachers. In Namibia,English is the official language of instruction for science at primary school. At lower primary, Silozi is the language of instruction. Classroom interaction data was obtained from two science lessons. Analysis of the teachers' code-switching shows that code-switching in the two lessons was vastly different, with little codeswitching in the teacher-facilitated lesson.Evident in other lessons, in which science was taught as a content subjectbut with abstract names that had no corresponding local names in Silozi, there was frequent use of codeswitching for reiteration and message qualification. The direction of the language switch from Silozi to English as well as the proportion of teachersspeaking in English suggests that the official language for teaching is English at upper primary, grade 4 to 7. The science lesson and code-switching is a necessary tool for teachers to achieve teaching goals in content-based lessons involving students who lack proficiency in the instructional language. The study was conducted in five government primary schools in Katima Mulilo, the capital of the Zambezi region in Namibia.The national language is English language, with no exception inscience, mathematics, and language subjects.All Schools are located in a Katima Mulilo-urban. The students are from mixed classes, lower, middle and upper class families with their parents typically working as unemployed single mothers, domestic workers, clerks, nurses, teachers, and accountants. Some of the students could understand English because of their parents‟ educational background or in instances where English is spoken at home.
language teaching practice in government and private schools of sangharpawan lal
This document summarizes a research study on language teaching practices in government and private schools in Sanghar, Pakistan. The study aims to identify and explore language teaching practices and factors affecting them. Research questions ask about practices used and impacting factors. A literature review found private school performance appraisal and education systems superior to public schools. The methodology involved observations of 100 students in various schools. Findings showed grammar teaching aids used more in public schools, while private school teacher attitudes were better. Discussion noted the importance of practice and activities for skills development. The conclusion stated current approaches are unsatisfactory and pre-service teacher education needs improvement.
Advantages Of Not Knowing Your Students Language A Case Study Of A Multilin...Lisa Brewer
This document summarizes a case study on the advantages and challenges of teaching English to a multilingual group of students where the teacher does not share a common language with the students. The study examined a group of 8 students from Turkey, Russia, and Georgia studying English at a university in Georgia. Key findings included:
1) Teachers found it difficult to explain new vocabulary and grammar points without being able to use students' native languages. They had to rely more on visual aids, simplifying language, and reducing explicit grammar instruction.
2) Students had lower English proficiency and self-confidence than other Georgian students. They also relied heavily on mobile dictionaries during class.
3) While challenging, not being able to
This study investigated English teachers' readiness to integrate technology in schools in Misurata, Libya. 12 teachers participated in interviews. Three key themes emerged: 1) Teachers understood technology to mean digital tools like computers and the internet. 2) Teachers complained about a lack of funding, technology in schools, and training, but were willing to use technology in teaching. 3) Cultural traditions of learning and teaching presented challenges to technology integration. The study concluded with recommendations for policymakers to address obstacles to effective technology use in classrooms in Libya.
Facing Problems & Changing Strategies in Teaching of English at Elementary Sc...paperpublications3
Abstract: The present Research paper focuses on problems before the English Language teachers in India are enormous and apparent. They should be able to cater to the practical needs of learners, to make them competent enough to interact with one another and also to retrieve information all over the world. English has a base in several countries and is considered as the most suitable and convenient tool for International Communication. The ultimate aim of Education is to impart knowledge to the learners, to prepare them for their future life. Teaching school students through chalk and talk approach has been in practice for long India. Various strategies for achieving the present goal of school education were discussed and some are put into practice. The present paper endeavors to unravel the positive and negative points concerning teaching of English in schools. The prospectus, methodology, teachers and methods of teaching English is also conferred in inherent way.
Correlation of academic excellence and cognitive academic language proficienc...Alexander Decker
This document discusses the relationship between academic language proficiency and academic performance at the university level. It begins by defining academic language proficiency as the linguistic knowledge and skills needed to complete academic tasks. It then discusses how basic interpersonal communication skills differ from cognitive academic language proficiency, with the latter being more cognitively demanding. Finally, it hypothesizes that higher levels of English language proficiency are required for Ethiopian university students to succeed academically.
This document summarizes a study that examined how social factors influence the academic performance of first-year sociology students at the University of Johannesburg in South Africa. The study surveyed 210 students and analyzed how variables like home language, type of high school attended, being a first-generation student, living/study space, and family structure impacted academic achievement. The results showed that home language, type of high school, and living/study space significantly affected student performance.
Cooperative Learning and Student’s Academic Achievement in English Language i...iosrjce
This paper examined cooperative learning and academic achievement of students in English
language in Imo State. The study adopted quasi experimental pre-test, post-test control group design. The
sample for the study consisted of twenty (20) SS2 Students, purposively selected from two classes in a senior
secondary school in Imo State. The instrument used for the study was the English Language Achievement
Test (ELAT). Section A of the ELAT contained the bio-data of the respondents while section B consisted
of 30 multiple-choice question items. The research questions were answered using mean rating to determine the
difference between the pre-test and the post-test while the hypothesis was tested using Analysis of Covariance
(ANCOVA) at 0.05 level of significance. The findings indicated that there was a significant difference
between the achievement mean scores of subjects in the cooperative learning group and those in the control
group. The study revealed that Cooperative Learning plays a significant role in students’ academic
achievement in English Language. The paper therefore, recommended the retraining of teachers towards using
cooperative learning for student’s optimal academic achievement
Enhancing English skills by using CLIL articleBelinda Bow
1) The document discusses using Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) to improve English skills for Thai high school students.
2) A study was conducted with 40 students and found their listening, reading, speaking, and writing skills significantly improved after learning through three CLIL English lesson plans compared to pre-tests.
3) CLIL helps students learn content and a second language simultaneously in an engaging way that motivates learning. This results in better language skills compared to traditional language-only teaching methods.
1) The document describes a teacher training workshop that was conducted to introduce 77 English teachers to an enrichment program for language learning.
2) The workshop covered theoretical background on language teaching approaches and provided teachers hands-on experience with in-class and out-of-class activities for the enrichment program.
3) The goal of the enrichment program and teacher training was to help teachers develop ways to motivate student language learning both for exams and lifelong skills by integrating fun activities into the curriculum.
Needs Analysis of an English for Academic Purpose (Eap) Programme: English La...iosrjce
There is need to ensure the production of competent primary English teaching specialists. All
colleges of education in the country are running their programme for this purpose. But the minimum standard
seems lacking in essential ingredients that would guarantee the training of effective primary English teachers. It
is equally realised that effective teaching and learning of this nature constitute functions of a combination of
factors among which are the teacher, the material, learner and the learning situation. This paper focuses on
need analysis as a process and product orientation towards the production of competent primary English
teaching specialists.
A Quantitative Inquiry into the Effects of Blended Learning on English Langua...suhailaabdulaziz
The document summarizes a study that investigated Malaysian undergraduates' perceptions of a blended learning approach used in an English for Academic Purposes course. The course utilized a new textbook with online components. A questionnaire was administered to 198 students to understand their views on the appropriateness of the materials for their language needs and proficiency levels, and ability to cater to diverse interests. The findings revealed that students viewed the materials favorably and found the textbook and activities engaging. However, slow internet connectivity was a challenge when using the online components.
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An Examination of Effectuation Dimension as Financing Practice of Small and M...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Does Goods and Services Tax (GST) Leads to Indian Economic Development?iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Childhood Factors that influence success in later lifeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Emotional Intelligence and Work Performance Relationship: A Study on Sales Pe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer’s Acceptance of Internet Banking in Dubaiiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study of Employee Satisfaction relating to Job Security & Working Hours amo...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumer Perspectives on Brand Preference: A Choice Based Model Approachiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Student`S Approach towards Social Network Sitesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Broadcast Management in Nigeria: The systems approach as an imperativeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study on Retailer’s Perception on Soya Products with Special Reference to T...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study Factors Influence on Organisation Citizenship Behaviour in Corporate ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumers’ Behaviour on Sony Xperia: A Case Study on Bangladeshiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Design of a Balanced Scorecard on Nonprofit Organizations (Study on Yayasan P...iosrjce
1. The document describes a study that designed a balanced scorecard for a nonprofit organization called Yayasan Pembinaan dan Kesembuhan Batin (YPKB) in Malang, Indonesia.
2. The balanced scorecard translated YPKB's vision and mission into strategic objectives across four perspectives: financial, customer, internal processes, and learning and growth.
3. Key strategic objectives included donation growth, budget effectiveness, customer satisfaction, reputation, service quality, innovation, and employee development. Customers perspective had the highest weighting, suggesting a focus on public service over financial growth.
Public Sector Reforms and Outsourcing Services in Nigeria: An Empirical Evalu...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Media Innovations and its Impact on Brand awareness & Considerationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer experience in supermarkets and hypermarkets – A comparative studyiosrjce
- The document examines customer experience in supermarkets and hypermarkets in India through a survey of 418 customers.
- It finds that in supermarkets, previous experience, atmosphere, price, social environment and experience in other channels most influence customer experience, while in hypermarkets, previous experience, product assortment, social environment and experience in other channels are most influential.
- The study provides insights for retailers on key determinants of customer experience in each format to help them improve strategies and competitive positioning.
Social Media and Small Businesses: A Combinational Strategic Approach under t...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Secretarial Performance and the Gender Question (A Study of Selected Tertiary...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Implementation of Quality Management principles at Zimbabwe Open University (...iosrjce
This document discusses the implementation of quality management principles at Zimbabwe Open University's Matabeleland North Regional Centre. It begins with background information on ZOU and the importance of quality management in open and distance learning institutions. The study aimed to determine if quality management and its principles were being implemented at the regional centre. Key findings included that the centre prioritized customer focus and staff involvement. Decisions were made based on data analysis. The regional centre implemented a quality system informed by its policy documents. The document recommends ensuring staffing levels match needs and providing sufficient resources to the regional centre.
Organizational Conflicts Management In Selected Organizaions In Lagos State, ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Exploring The Implementation Of Quality Teaching And Learning Of Ordinary Level English Language In Zimbabwe: A Case Of Hwange Rural Secondary Schools In Matabeleland North Province
1. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME)
e-ISSN: 2320–7388,p-ISSN: 2320–737X Volume 5, Issue 6 Ver. III (Nov. - Dec. 2015), PP 13-19
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05631319 www.iosrjournals.org 13 | Page
Exploring The Implementation Of Quality Teaching And
Learning Of Ordinary Level English Language In Zimbabwe: A
Case Of Hwange Rural Secondary Schools In Matabeleland
North Province
1
Saziso Mukomana 2
Future Fortune T. Chisango 3
Douglas Gasva
1
Administrative Assistant/Part-Time Lecturer, Faculty of Arts and Education, Zimbabwe Open University
2
Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Agriculture, Zimbabwe Open University
3
Quality Assurance Coordinator/Senior Lecturer, Zimbabwe Open University
Abstract: This study sought to explore the implementation of quality teaching and learning of Ordinary Level
English language with reference to marginalised Hwange rural secondary schools in Matabeleland North
Province of Zimbabwe. The major purpose of the study was, therefore, to interrogate the extent to which
selected schools are implementing quality teaching and learning of ‘O’ Level English Language as well as
establishing quality strategies which the schools, responsible Ministry and its partners can employ to improve
the teaching and learning of the subject. The case study design was adopted as it was observed to be
appropriate in focusing on specific schools as the cases. A target population comprising ‘O’ level students and
a sample of 20 (N=20) was used for the study. Purposive sampling was used as it was preferred for the study.
Data was generated using Questionnaires, Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) as well as lesson observations.
Collected data were analyzed using qualitative methods. Findings generally revealed that teachers appear to be
deficient in their conceptualisation and implementation of the concept of quality in the teaching of ‘O’ level
English Language. The study recommended that attendance of teacher training institutions and school staff
development programmes should be made a mandatory part of the professional development of teachers, as a
basis for promoting quality teaching and learning of ‘O’ Level English Language.
Key words: quality, teaching, learning, teacher performance, language.
I. Background to the Study
The current study explores quality aspects of teaching Ordinary Level English Language in a classroom
within a formal school environment in marginalized rural schools of Zimbabwe. The teacher who is a
professional instructor provides teaching service which is expected to be of quality to the learner (Silver, 2010).
Shrestha (2009) says that it is vital to understand and assess the impact of factors that affect the quality of
teaching and performance of the teacher in the delivery of service. The same source also notes that resource
inadequacy in poor communities and countries leads to the exodus and poor performance of teachers. However,
factors on the motivation aspect also play a crucial role in the performance of teachers, in addition to personal,
economic, political and technological factors on the ground (Shrestha, ibid).
School and national based teaching processes and outcome based measures are used to determine the
quality of teaching and performance of the teachers in the teaching of „O‟ English Language and other subjects.
Generally, the performance of the teacher is measured in classroom activities using variety of tools such as
critique forms, scheme books, quantity and quality of written work , quality and number of tests as per
departmental requirements and national policy, quality of marking, moderation, corrections and remedial or
extension work, written monthly, term tests and national examinations. There are also school administrative
based assessments; student based assessments as well as ministry assessments on the quality of teaching and
teacher performance. In Zimbabwe, one popular school based assessment is the results-based performance
appraisal that is conducted at school, cluster, district, provincial and national level (Government of Zimbabwe:
National Education for Sustainable Development Strategy and Action Plan for 2014 and Beyond, 2013). The
knowledge and performance of the teacher is central to quality teaching and learning, hence the desire to
interrogate it so as to determine its impact on the teaching-learning situation with special reference to the
teaching of „O‟ Level English Language.
Quality‟ generally entails the relevance and value of an organisation‟s mission, purpose, goals and
objectives, as well as the achievement of identified outcomes (Liston, 2009). Quality in education also implies
an evaluation of the process of educating which enhances the need to achieve and develop the talents of the
customers of the process, and at the same time, meets the accountability standards set by the clients who pay for
the process or the outputs from the process of educating (Hoy et al, 2000). Thus, as noted by other authorities,
the quality of any education system involves examining the extent to which the:
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products or the results of the education provided meet the standards stipulated in the system‟s educational
objectives,
knowledge, skills, values and attitudes acquired in the learning process are relevant to human and
environmental needs,
acquired education is generally utilised by individuals and groups to solve micro and macro problems in
life.
(Grisay and Mahlck, 2001).
Statement of the Problem
The teacher as the provider of the service is generally pivotal in the teaching and learning process. This
situation has created a debate on the need to assess the quality of teachers, the teaching process and outcomes.
The problem at stake is that, usually, the quality performance of the teacher in the classroom environment is
taken for granted, yet, sometimes contributes to the low English language pass rate, especially in marginalized
rural secondary schools.
Purpose and Objectives of the Study
The purpose of the study was to explore the implementation of quality teaching and learning of
Ordinary Level English language with reference to marginalised rural secondary schools in Hwange District in
Matabeleland North Province of Zimbabwe.
The study was guided by the following objectives:
i. Examine the teaching standards at „O‟ level among English language teachers in Hwange rural schools
in the context of quality
ii. Investigate factors which negatively affect teacher performance in the teaching of English language at „O‟
level in Hwange urban in the context of quality
iii. Establish strategies to improve quality teaching and learning of „O‟ level English language teaching in
marginalised rural secondary schools in Hwange.
II. Review of Related Literature
Perceptions regarding the teaching of English Language in Zimbabwe, which has been taught from the
colonial times, are numerous depending on different factors, including race and ethnicity, nature of school as
well as the declaration of English Language as the official language of the country. Lin and Chien (2010) note
that Zimbabwe is a former British colony where it was named Rhodesia, and is a multilingual and multicultural
country, as English is a first language to the White community which has its roots in the United Kingdom.
However, English is a second language to native Zimbabweans. In Zimbabwe, English is regarded as an official
and international language, a language of wider communication and of group identification. As such, it is used
as a medium of instruction in all schools by the Government and private schools, colleges and universities.
English may be viewed as a foreign language for the speakers of native or local language, hence, the
constant calls to develop a vocabulary to enable teaching using indigenous languages in all subjects. Neelawan
(2009) purports that teachers‟ use of or none use of the mother language (L1) would have a significant effect
only when it came to difficult topics that are not related to students‟ backgrounds. English is taught as a school
subject although in earlier colonial decades, the purpose of English in Zimbabwe was to give students a foreign
language competence that they could use to listen to radio, to understand dialogue in the movies, to use
language for communication, follow instructions at work and understand the bible.
In post-colonial Zimbabwe, English has taken a new dimension in learning institutions as courses are
offered strictly in English. However, it has been a controversial issue among the educators whether English is a
second or foreign language in Zimbabwe and this has a bearing on the quality of teaching of English language.
To this effect, Abedi (2008) and Ballantyne et al (2008) say that the status of English Language as a global
language has played a significant role in contemporary language education. Teacher professionalism has been
assigned a different agenda by governments who subscribe to, quote and legitimize unqualified teachers to
teach, thus, leading to unintended consequences of damaging the quality of English instruction and jeopardizing
its effectiveness.
In modern times, the need for English language teaching has greatly been felt in all dimensions of
learning in Zimbabwe. The purpose of teaching English in Zimbabwe can be seen as an effort to enable learners
to exchange their ideas and views with those who use English and at the same time; to acquire knowledge, ideas,
skills and techniques imparted formally and informally through English usage and to establish effective
channels of communication with the rest of the world. The medium of instruction in all subjects except
vernacular subjects in schools and institutions of higher learning in Zimbabwe is exclusively English. More
importantly, English is the only language of communication that is used to promote Zimbabwe‟s increasing
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DOI: 10.9790/7388-05631319 www.iosrjournals.org 15 | Page
diplomatic relations with the outside world. As Cartage (2009) mentioned that English is used as a "library
language to have an access to textbooks, lectures, and journals…on the one hand; as a language to express one's
thoughts and ideas in written and academic exercise . Shrestha (2008 expresses the use of English for
educational and occupational purposes. In a recent study, English teaching in Nepal has been viewed from the
perspectives of English for specific purposes and English for academic purposes (Shrestha, ibid).
From an economic point of view, English has become inevitable to foster tourism and international
trade. The urgent need of English learning has added a further dimension with growing numbers of English
medium schools across the nation (Bhattarai & Gautam, 2005). The majority of parents like to send their
children to English speaking schools. Not only high school graduates but also college graduates prefer
improving their level of English language proficiency to pursue either higher studies abroad or to start a job in
foreign settings and even in the Zimbabwean context.
III. Methodology
The current study adopted the qualitative research approach and the case study design was used. The
qualitative research paradigm was noted to be appropriate, which according to Patton (2002) and Creswell
(2009, 2014) is convenient where a social problem needed to be explored, and because the researcher needed a
detailed understanding of the problem under study. Accordingly, the case study was observed to be appropriate
in focusing on specific schools as the cases? A target population comprising „O‟ level students from
marginalised rural secondary schools in Hwange District, Matabeleland North Province was used. Two schools
with typical characteristics of marginalization were used from which a sample of 5 „O‟ Level teachers and 10
students (N=15) was used for the study. Purposive sampling was utilised for the study and using the sampling
technique, the researchers were able to identify data rich sources (Johnson and Christenson, 2014). The
selection of the sample was done mindful of understanding the implementation of quality teaching within the
confines of the case study.
In line with Neumen (1997) purposive sampling is considered suitable for case studies, and the
researcher used expert judgment in selecting cases with the purpose of finding out about the educators‟
performance in the quality teaching of English Language to „O‟ level students. The researcher identified case
study and participants for in-depth investigation. Data was generated using questionnaires, focused group
discussions as well as lesson observations as the research instruments. Collected data were presented and
discussed using qualitative methods of data analysis. The findings were generalized to marginalised Hwange
rural schools in Matabeleland North province of Zimbabwe.
IV. Discussion of Findings
Failure to holistically teach aspects of „O‟ level syllabus, mainly Composition, continue to fail pupils in
examination. In one lesson observation, more work seemingly needed to be done in the aspect of teaching
composition. Rather than singing which types of compositions there are, more emphasis needs to be placed on
students‟ attainment of how to write quality compositions, comprising of quality introductions, body and
conclusions. The challenge of inadequately teaching Registers was mentioned by all schools and the pupils
argued that teachers fall short and run into despair in the teaching of English language Registers. Such is a lack
of quality in the teaching of „O‟ level English in marginalised Hwange rural schools of which are issues that
lead to low pass rate in „O‟ level English language.
1. Assessment of Knowledge of Language structures
Figure 1: Knowledge of Language structures
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Figur 1 above shows knowledge of language structures among „O‟ level English language pupils. The figure
shows that 10% are excellent, 30% are good, 40% are average while 20% are weak. This shows that the quality
of language usage in self-expression is lacking and the major stumbling block seems to be linked to
grammatical inappropriacy in conveying ideas in pupils‟ written work.
2. What is pupils’ performance of comprehension?
Figure 2: Comprehension performance
Figure 1 above shows comprehension performance among „O‟ level English language pupils where
60% of respondents are average and 20% of respondents are weak and good. On the other hand, in a focused
group discussion among teachers, some teachers feel they do teach Comprehension well despite having slow
learners. Lack of resources and pupils‟ background in English language limit teacher performance and that leads
to low results among the schools under study. Teachers feel pupils perform well in comprehension because they
often practice it in their weekly exercises. In spite of that outcry, Kuhl (2010) suggests teaching comprehension
skills through direct instruction and modeling, identification of the procedural components, scaffold instruction,
regular practice, and integration across the curriculum.
3. What is pupils’ Vocabulary performance
Figure 3: Vocabulary
Figure 3 above shows vocabulary performance among „O‟ level English language pupils where 11% of
respondents are very good and excellent, 22% of respondents were weak and good while 34% of respondents
were average. Harley (2006) says that vocabulary mastery is fundamental to quality language learning. Of note
is the fact that vocabulary acquisition research has been paid attention to (e.g. Beck, McKeown & McCaslin,
1983; Harley, 1996; Huckin, Haynes, & Coady, 1993; Zahar, Cobb & Spada, 2001). A series of methodologies
have been reported, including applying learner dictionaries (Nesi, 1999; Tribble, 2003), using forms of visual
glossing (Al-Seghayer, 2001) and so on
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4. Is your teaching focused on syllabi completion?
Figure 4: Syllabi completion
Figure 3 above shows teaching focused on syllabi completion among ordinary level English language
teachers in Hwange urban where 75% of respondents said they focus on it and 25% of respondents said no.
Statistical response contradicts document analysis where an assessment on compositions shows only one or two
compositions having been written by pupils at closure of term two and this is way too substandard. This is not in
line with national standards and literature where Hiebert, Gallimore, & Stigler, (2002) state that teachers ought
to focus specifically on what needs to be taught to individual students in their teaching contexts. Pre-service
teachers are also mandated to seek this type of context-specific knowledge.
5. Is teaching in line with the examination demand?
Figure 5: Teaching
Figure 5 above shows teaching in line with examination demands among „O‟ level English language
teachers in Hwange rural. As many as 80% of respondents indicated that their teaching was at times in line with
the examination demand, while 20% of them said they always do. This shows minimal preparation of students
for examination if only at times (80%) teaching is examination-focused.
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DOI: 10.9790/7388-05631319 www.iosrjournals.org 18 | Page
6. What is your source of test questions?
Figure 61: Source of Test questions
Figure 6 above shows source of test questions used by “O” level English language teachers. The figure shows
that the majority used past examination papers, followed by text books with the least being pupils‟ grey areas.
7. What guides your marking?
Figure 72: Marking guide
Figure 7 above shows marking guidance used by „O‟ level English language teachers. The figure shows that the
majority are guided by marking guide, and very little by topics being tested and the nature of pupils.
8. Frequency of remediation per month
Figure 8: Frequency of remediation per month
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Figure 8 above shows frequency of remediation activity per month amongst the „O‟ level English
language teachers. The majority of respondents indicated that do not do it at all, while others said they do it once
and twice. Teachers interviewed say remedial lessons are conducted to ensure that slow learners master concepts
already mastered by fast learners. Teachers‟ comments are given in some exercise books suggesting the way
forward to the students although some of the comments do not seem useful. Some pupil‟s exercise books remain
unmarked. This is a cause for concern in circles of quality English Language teaching. No learning aids were
used except the chalkboard as summary writing strategies were posted on the chalkboard.
V. Conclusion and Recommendations
Based on the above findings, the study concluded that there is lack of implementation of quality
teaching of „O‟ level English language with regards specific language areas including language structures,
vocabulary and comprehension performance as well as remediation. This is a cause for concern as lack of
quality teaching and learning consequently leads to poor student performance. In this regard, the study further
concludes that teachers appear to be deficient in their conceptualisation and implementation of quality teaching
with special reference to the teaching of „O‟ level English language in marginalised rural areas of Hwange.
On the basis of the conclusion, the following recommendations were made:
Teachers should be helped to understand the concept of quality teaching as an applicable phenomenon
which they can apply to the teaching and learning of „O‟ level English language
Marginalised secondary schools require that there be staff development of teachers in quality teaching in
order to address the problem of poor student performance and promote general school excellence.
A mix of experienced and less experienced teachers in schools is important so that pre-service and
untrained teachers are mentored by the experienced teachers. Staffers therefore, ought to get
recommendations of the type of teacher the school requires in consultation with school administrators.
Quality teaching, therefore, should constitute the syllabus and pedagogies that enable teachers to effectively
interact with pupils as they cover the syllabus adequately.
Quality assurance and control is critical as it allows all stakeholders to check the quality of teaching and
learning in a holistic and continuous process for continuous school improvement.
As a way of complementing the current research, a similar study of a wider magnitude, such as at provincial
and national levels regarding schools experiencing challenges with pass rates in „O‟ level English language
should be conducted. This would improve the generalisability of findings at national level.
References
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