This document summarizes a study on Filipino teachers' views of using mother tongue as the medium of instruction. The study surveyed 35 elementary teachers at a school in the Philippines. It found that the teachers moderately perceived the mother tongue-based approach as effective and efficient in achieving learning goals. Specifically, teachers agreed that using the mother tongue-based approach, objectives are clear and easy to facilitate. They also agreed that learning tasks can be easily covered within allotted time. The study provides insight into teachers' perspectives on implementing the Philippines' language education policy of using mother tongue in early grades.
Sample Lesson Plan in Content-Based Integration - Filipino (Education)Anjenette Columnas
Parts of a content-based integrated lesson plan.
It also discusses about Content-Based Instruction and Integrative Learning Approach
Relies on my photocopy for slide 10.
And the language used are English and Filipino, since our course subject use English as a language and instruction and my topic for this ppt is in Filipino, so I used both languages.
Sample Lesson Plan in Content-Based Integration - Filipino (Education)Anjenette Columnas
Parts of a content-based integrated lesson plan.
It also discusses about Content-Based Instruction and Integrative Learning Approach
Relies on my photocopy for slide 10.
And the language used are English and Filipino, since our course subject use English as a language and instruction and my topic for this ppt is in Filipino, so I used both languages.
STUDENT’S DIVERSITY MOTIVATION -DAISY M. DE GUZMAN.pptxjamerry ungcar
students diversity motivation for handling students. ...................................................thank you............................................................................thank you..........................................thaaaannnkkkkyouuuuu..............................................
This material is an introduction to the subject, The Teacher and the School Curriculum. Class rules and target goals for the subject have been included aside from the definition, concepts, determinants or factors encompassing curriculum.
1. Make an artistic, colorful and creative visual expression of your insights or feelings about the influence of the home and school to the learner. Then write a few statements on the space below about your visual art.
2. Make a reflection acrostic about the home school community link.
This is the Basic Education Curriculum developed by the Education Department as a guide for teachers handling the subject Elementary FILIPINO. Included are the COMPETENCIES that the learners must acquire in the course of the session
STUDENT’S DIVERSITY MOTIVATION -DAISY M. DE GUZMAN.pptxjamerry ungcar
students diversity motivation for handling students. ...................................................thank you............................................................................thank you..........................................thaaaannnkkkkyouuuuu..............................................
This material is an introduction to the subject, The Teacher and the School Curriculum. Class rules and target goals for the subject have been included aside from the definition, concepts, determinants or factors encompassing curriculum.
1. Make an artistic, colorful and creative visual expression of your insights or feelings about the influence of the home and school to the learner. Then write a few statements on the space below about your visual art.
2. Make a reflection acrostic about the home school community link.
This is the Basic Education Curriculum developed by the Education Department as a guide for teachers handling the subject Elementary FILIPINO. Included are the COMPETENCIES that the learners must acquire in the course of the session
Remedial Instruction in Language Disfluencies in the Non-Psycho-Expert Lensijtsrd
This qualitative case study discovered and explored the plights of languages teachers conducting remedial instruction in language disfluencies, the way teachers conduct remedial instruction in language disfluencies in the non-psycho-expert lens, and the way learners progress in the kind of remediation they receive. The informants of the study were the language teachers of Buenavista National High School. These teachers are selected purposively as those who have encounter in remedial instruction for language disfluencies in the non-psycho-expert lens. The data were gathered through interviews with the informants. The study revealed that language teachers conducting remedial instruction in language disfluencies in the non-psycho-expert lens face dire situations on insufficiency in terms of background knowledge on language disfluencies, time, and resources for remediation. Another problem that they face is the learners attitude toward remedial instruction as well as parental or stakeholder support. Weak retention of the learners, insignificant change in the learning behavior and the use of colloquial words also contribute to the unwanted scenario of students undergoing remediation. Language teachers conduct remedial instruction in language disfluencies in the non-psycho-expert lens through utilizing various teaching strategies, going back to the basics, having awareness on learner diversity, seeking parental or stakeholder support, exemplifying passion for teaching, and having an encouraging class environment. Learners progress in such kind of remediation through the use of language in praxis or utilizing the communicative language teaching by teachers where students use language practically. Learners as well show activeness in the class knowing that they both share the same learning pace among peers. Most importantly, learners progress due to the acceptance and understanding of the teachers on the type of learners they have. Mick Mars P. Silvano, LPT, Maelt | Evelyn C. Bandoy, LPT, EdD "Remedial Instruction in Language Disfluencies in the Non-Psycho-Expert Lens" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20303.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/20303/remedial-instruction-in-language-disfluencies-in-the-non-psycho-expert-lens/mick-mars-p-silvano-lpt-maelt
Differentiated Learning Exemplars for
Students’ Academic Achievement in English
Grade 9
This research evaluated and assessed the learning competency level of the respondents in English and the
different determinants that hinder their learning capability in English. It utilized descriptive survey method
during the conduct of the study. To determine the subjects of the study, universal sampling techniques was
utilized. In addition, respondents’ socio economic status and learning preferences were also investigated. To
answer the socio economic status, a tool was used that was adopted from the Bureau of Census and National
Statistics quoted from the study of Pansit (2018) on “Enhanced MTB Strategic Intervention Materials for
Reading” is used with a statistical treatment on simple percentage. It was found out that education level of
respondents’ parents is in Elementary level with a percentage 63.16% which means that parents could not provide
an appropriate academic information to their children .Meanwhile, in determining, learning styles of the
respondents, adopted questionnaire from the study of Ocampo (2018) on Pedagogical Exemplars in Mathematics
Across Learning Styles utilizing weighted mean. It found out, that the highest ranked of learners’ learning style is
visual which has a weighted mean of 2.36. This is a great manifestation that learners learned best if lessons were
presented interestingly and visually given. Visuals that are chunked into bit of ideas for easier understanding.
Hence this increases student's interest in the subject matter. Meanwhile, it was revealed that, the over-all learning
competency level of the respondents, is in below average. This implies that more exposure of exercises must be
done for the learners to gain mastery of these learning competencies. Therefore, it is encouraged to craft
differentiated learning exemplars fitted to their learning styles and engage them on the different exercises for the
improvement of their academic performance.
Keywords: English Language, Assessment of Learning Styles, English Competencies, Academic Achievement,
Differentiated Learning Exemplars, Visual Learners, Kinesthetic Learners, Auditory Learners.
The article attempts to examine the importance of balancing linguistic competence and teaching performance in learning and teaching English as a foreign language. It explains, how important is for English of a foreign language has good knowledge of grammar and vocabulary (linguistic competence) as well as strategies or methods (performance) to help students in their classroom. To reach this goal, it is suggested that EFL teachers should be continuously in professional development training to develop these skills.
An Assessment of Reading Ability among Pre-School Children in Elgeyo Marakwet...paperpublications3
Abstract: Teaching reading and success in reading ability is therefore important for young learners. However, the ability for teachers to teach reading is not well documented. Little research has been conducted on teachers’ competence and attitudes towards reading ability among learners at preschool level. The objective of this study was to asses reading ability among Pre-School Children in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya. The theory of planned behaviour and education production function theory guided the study. The study employed the mixed methods approach. An explanatory research design was used. The target population was all the 1252 pre-school teachers in Elgeyo Marakwet County Kenya. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select the participating schools and individual teachers. A sample size of 294 schools was used. The instruments utilised were questionnaires, and observation schedules. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. The study results indicated that the pre-school children reading ability was poor. The study therefore recommended that pre-school teachers be trained to improve their competency in English phonology as to improve the reading ability of pre-school children.
Keywords: English Phonology, Teacher Competency, Reading Ability.
Title: An Assessment of Reading Ability among Pre-School Children in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya
Author: Muthoni Bilhah Kiptoo, Prof. Khaemba Ongeti, Prof. J.K. Too
ISSN 2349-7831
International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH)
Paper Publications
Teaching and learning vocabulary is an integral part of foreign language learning since it is the basic sub-skill for someone who wants to learn a foreign language. Thus, it is essential to teach English vocabulary at an early age since students still in the scope of their golden age, and they could learn everything easily. In this case, the teachers' teaching strategy seems essential to be concerned. Moreover, this descriptive qualitative study as a case study is designed to explore the Qur'an Learning Center teachers' perspective on the strategy used to teach vocabulary to young learners. The data were gathered through a semi-structured interview with two English Teachers at the Qur'an Learning Center, one of the elementary schools in Jakarta Selatan. The result of this study revealed that teachers believe that teaching strategy is essential for teaching vocabulary to young learners. Thus, the teachers have various strategies that can be applied for teaching vocabulary to young learners, for example, using games, sing a song, and others. Also, the teachers used interesting media like video, a real thing, pictures, and others. Those strategies are effective in engaging students to learn new vocabulary in English. This study is expected to give reference and knowledge for the English teacher who teaches young learners so they could implement some suitable ways with their real class.
Teacher’s Accomplishment Level of The Components of an E-Learning Module: A B...RSIS International
This study determined the extent to which teachers in a private institution in La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines have accomplished the essential components of an E-learning module, and identified the factors that influenced their level of accomplishment of these components. This study used mixed method explanatory sequential design. Total enumeration was used to determine the population of respondents who were full-time tertiary teachers. Out of the thirty-six full-time teachers, twenty-eight teachers responded and answered the self-assessment survey questionnaire for the quantitative phase, while seven of them who were selected using purposive sampling were interviewed for the qualitative part. Descriptive statistics using weighted mean was used to analyze quantitative data while descriptive approach using thematic analysis for the qualitative data. Quantitative descriptive analysis revealed that the teachers’ overall accomplishment level of the criteria for a quality E-learning module is partial/moderate (2.68 overall weighted mean/WM). Specifically, the teachers partially accomplished the following components of the E-learning module: instructional design (2.84 WM); communication, interaction, and collaboration (2.85 WM); student evaluation and assessment (2.89 WM); instructional materials and technologies (2.75 WM); and accessibility (2.66 WM) while slightly accomplished the components: learner support and resources (2.21 WM), and course evaluation (2.24 WM). For the qualitative descriptive inquiry, absence of capacity-building training in making E-learning module; lack of awareness of the school services, learner support, and resources sites; lack of time; lack of systemic approach to developing an online module; non-consistency of instructions; and amotivation and lack of enthusiasm emerged as factors that influence the teachers’ level of accomplishment of the parts of an E-learning module. The results show that the E-learning modules have fallen short of strict quality standards attributable to certain dire circumstances. This study thus recommends that the institution may adopt or develop its online module criteria to guide the teachers as well as the institution in writing or designing their online modules, and may conduct training in E-module design for teachers.
Development Administration and the Challenges of Neo-liberal Reforms in the E...RSIS International
The quest of every nation state is to attract, sustain and fast-track growth and development in all ramifications. The Nigerian state between 1960 and 2020 has experienced an unabated expansion of universities. Ironically, the war against illiteracy is yet to be won, despite the experimentation of different western developmental ideologies in the Nigerian educational system. The study examined the contributions of development administration in the Nigerian educational sector as well as ascertained if the current neo-liberal reform has aided the expansion or retrogression of the educational sector most especially, the university sub-sector in Nigeria. The theoretical framework of the study was anchored on the post-colonial Nigerian state theory. Methodologically, the study strictly utilized the documentary method and data were sourced through the secondary sources and analyzed in content. The study found that the experimentation of western development ideologies in Nigeria actually aided the expansion of the universities but undermined the realization of free, quality and accessible university education for all and sundry. The study recommended among others: the applications of the action plan of Professor Okonjo as regards creating a universal tertiary education for all Nigerians and sustainably financing it.
The Nexus of Street Trading and Juvenile Delinquency: A Study of Chanchaga Lo...RSIS International
I. INTRODUCTION
Globally, the number of working children has been decreasing around the world in recent years, but child labour has continued to be a widespread problem today, especially in developing countries (Paola, Viviana, Flavia & Furio2007). International Programme on Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC 2016) reported that between 2012 to 2016, about 182 million children in the developing world aged 5-14 years were engaged in work. Against this background, governments, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have focused their efforts on tackling in particular the worst forms of child labour such as forced and bonded labour, which put children in physically and mentally harmful working conditions (Bunnak 2007).
Determination of Bacteriological and Physiochemical Properties of Som-Breiro ...RSIS International
The study seeks to examine the Bacteriological and
physiochemical properties of Sambrero River in Ahoada East
Local Government Area of Rivers State. Three (3) points were
sampled from different locations designated as location (L1)
location (L2) and location (L3) respectively, samples were
collected in 0.1m of Sterile containers and were transported to
the laboratory for immediate analysis. Ten (10) physiochemical,
three (3) heavy metal sand three microbiological parameters
were observed. Data was analyzed using standard methods
(ALPHA, 1998) 20th edition and Ms-Excel version 2013 software.
The result showed little variation in physiochemical parameters
which are in line with World Health Organization (WHO)
standard of potable water but shows much variation in
microbiological parameters which are not in line with WHO
standard, thereby making the water not wholesome and not
potable for consumption except after proper treatment of the
water. The work therefore recommends that members of Ekpena
Community should ensure basic water treatment such as boiling
and chlorination before consumption.
Power and Delay Analysis of Logic Circuits Using Reversible GatesRSIS International
This paper determines the propagation delay and on
chip power consumed by each basic and universal gates and
basic arithmetic functions designed using existing reversible
gates through VHDL. Hence a designer can choose the best
reversible gates to use for any logic circuit design. The paper
does a look up table analysis of truth tables of the reversible
gates to find the occurrence of the AND OR, NAND, NOR and
basic arithmetic functions, useful to build complex combinational
digital logic circuits.
Innovative ICT Solutions and Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Area Such ...RSIS International
The use of internet and information communication
technology (ICT) infrastructures is an essential aspect of
learning, this is why a lot of information on entrepreneurship
career choices are available online. However, the emerging
growth in the use of information and communication
technologies and services towards entrepreneurship development
is a challenge for efficient information dissemination and
learning especially in rural areas. This paper pointed out an area
in which MCIU can use Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) resources/infrastructure it possess for
entrepreneurship development and poverty alleviation in its
community. Thereby, encouraging social and economic growth,
and overcome the gap between urban and rural areas
entrepreneurship development. An online learning platform,
using video may contribute greatly in rural entrepreneurship
development such as MCIU community. Some examples of some
programmes like learning make over, headgear tying, bead
making, cake designing, etc online for a period of 4 to 6weeks
Indigenous Agricultural Knowledge and the Sustenance of Local Livelihood Stra...RSIS International
Natural disasters in most parts of the world have
resorted to many fatalities, forced migration and involuntary
resettlement of the affected population. Lake Nyos Gas Disaster
of 1986 which killed about 1,746 people and led to forced
migration of over 15,000 affected people and the subsequent
resettlement of survivors in resettlement camps in near by
administrative sub-divisions in the North West Region of
Cameroon is one of such natural catastrophies. The paper
evaluates the use of Indigenous Agricultural Knowledge (IAK) in
agriculture and how it has helped to sustain the livelihood of this
environmentally traumatized resettled population. The study
sampled two of these resettlement villages (Buabua and Kimbi)
to access Indigenous Agricultural Knowledge (IAK) and the
sustenance of local livelihood strategies. Field campaigns
including the administration of semi-structured questionnaires
and focus group discussions (FGDs) facilitated the collection of
data on IAK practices and how this knowledge helps in
sustaining local livelihoods. A total of 24 Indigenous Agricultural
Knowledge (IAK) were identified, with 54.16% of them used in
crop cultivation, and 45.83% in livestock farming including the
raising of small ruminants, poultry and piggery production. IAK
shows successful results after being applied as there is increased
crop and livestock yields. The use of IAK in agriculture has led
to sustainable and efficient land use within the study area.
Despite the rising use of IAK and potential benefits in
agriculture and the sustenance of local livelihoods in Buabua and
Kimbi, survivors still express a strong desire to return to the
former disaster zone. The underlying reasons behind this phobia
is mainly small land sizes ranging from 30-50 square metres that
were allocated to households for both crop cultivation and
grazing, and the fact that the limits between grazing and crop
land are not clearly demarcated. Prospects for agricultural
expansion within the area are therefore slim and need to be
addressed
Wireless radio signal drop due to foliage in illuba bore zone ethiopiaRSIS International
The exponential growth in energy utilization &
consumption in cellular network by the user devices and by
telecom equipment has imposed critical problemsbecause of
adaptation of high range frequency in available spectrum (Ultra
High Frequency-UHF) by government and technology.The other
reason for more power consumption is extensive applications of
mobile data services to video streaming, surveillance, internet
surfing and healthcare monitoring.Other important causes of
energy consumption which has been recognized are powerhungry
processors, poor design of power amplifiers etc. Presence
of different species of foliage in hilly area increases signal
attenuation, consequently in order to maintain the threshold
value of signal, the power is increased. The recent researches
predict that the data traffic is being increased by several-fold
every year. Under such predictions, energy expenditure at its
control is a major challenging task for telecom companies and
for research communities. This paper studies the actual signal
intensity drop because of irregular nature of terrestrial pattern
and foliage in Illuba Bore zone, from theoretical perspective as
well as practical point of view.
Optimization of tungsten inert gas welding on 6063 aluminum alloy on taguchi ...RSIS International
In this paper, the Taguchi method is used for the
Optimization of Tungsten Inert Gas Welding on 6063
Aluminum Alloy. The Taguchi method L27 is used to
optimize the pulsed TIG welding process parameters of 6063
aluminum alloy weldments for maximizing the mechanical
properties. Analysis of Variance is used to find the impact of
individual factors. Then the optimal parameters of the TIG
welding process is determined and the experimental results
illustrate the proposed approach.
Investigation of mechanical properties of carbidic ductile cast ironRSIS International
The objective of the present work is to increase the wear resistance for long life of applications. It is found that increase in the carbides in an alloy which resulted in to enhancement in hardness and wear resistance. The wear resistance was evaluated by testing in accordance with ASTE International Committee G-99 Standard. An improved performance of wear resistanceis obtained by increasing the content of chromium in the carbidic ductile cast iron. The results are discussed based on the influence of chromium content on the casting.
Six Sigma Methods and Formulas for Successful Quality ManagementRSIS International
This paper is about the five phases of Six Sigma which are Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve& Control. The methods used in each phase are discussed in detail and the various tests used in Analyze Phase of Six Sigma are given; Six Sigma can be implemented in an organization by using the methods and formulas used in each phase combined with the help of Statistical Software Minitab 18.
Task Performance Analysis in Virtual Cloud EnvironmentRSIS International
Cloud computing based applications are beneficial for
businesses of all sizes and industries as they don’t have to invest
a huge amount on initial setup. This way, businesses can opt for
Cloud services and can implement innovative ideas. But
evaluating the performance of provisioning (e.g. CPU scheduling
and resource allocation) policies in a real Cloud computing
environment for different application techniques is challenging
because clouds show dynamic demands, workloads, supply
patterns, VM sizes, and resources (hardware, software, and
network). User’s requests and services requirements are
heterogeneous and dynamic. Applications models have
unpredictable performance, workloads, and dynamic scaling
requirements. So a demand for a Simulation toolkit for Cloud is
there. Cloudsim is self-contained simulation framework that
provides simulation and modeling of Cloud-based application in
lesser time with lesser efforts. In this paper we tried to simulate
the task performance of a cloudlet using one data center, one
VM. We also developed a Graphical User Interface to
dynamically change the simulation parameters and show
simulation results.
Design and Fabrication of Manually Operated Wood Sawing Machine: Save Electri...RSIS International
In India power cut is big problem also having many
remote places where electricity not reached and that will affect
many small scale business and ongoing work, like Carpentry,
ongoing work got stop because of power cut. To overcome this
problem manually operated economical; conceptual model of a
machine which would be capable of performing different
operation like sawing/cutting and grinding without use of power
i.e. wood working machine is introduced.
In this paper, design concept and fabrication of manually
operated wood sawing/cutting machine is explained. It is
designed and fabricated so portable that it can be move and used
at various places. It is used for sawing/cutting of wood, plywood,
thin metals (<=2mm), and pvc pipes. The material can be cut
without any external energy like fuel or current. As machine uses
no electric power and fuel, this will help to maintain green
environment. The observations show that power required for
pedaling is well below the capacity of an average healthy human
being.
Effect of Surface Treatment on Settlement of Coir Mat Reinforced SandRSIS International
Employment in rural areas is generated when byproduct
from the natural materials is used in construction
industry. The extent of usage of coir fibres in construction
industry is restricted by the fact that it is biodegradable. Though
use of natural materials such as coir fibers is well established. In
this view, the objective the present study is to surface treat the
coir mats, making it hydrophobic. Model footing tests using
model footing of 50mm diameter resting on Surface treated coir
mat of different opening size were conducted. The results
indicate that the surface treatment of coir products is beneficial
in increasing the strength of reinforced soil when compared with
untreated coir mats
Augmentation of Customer’s Profile Dataset Using Genetic AlgorithmRSIS International
Data is the lifeblood of all type of business. Clean,
accurate and complete data is the prerequisite for the decisionmaking
in business process. Data is one of the most valuable
assets for any organization. It is immensely important that the
business focus on the quality of their data as it can help in
increasing the business performance by improving efficiencies,
streamlining operations and consolidating data sources. Good
quality data helps to improve and simplify processes, eliminate
time-consuming rework and externally to enhance a user’s
experience, further translating it to significant financial and
operational benefits [1] [2]. All organizations/ businesses strive to
retain their existing customers and gain new ones. Accurate data
enables the business to improve the customer experience. Data
augmentation adds value to base data by enhancing information
derived from the existing source. Data augmentation can help
reduce the manual intervention required to develop meaningful
information and insight of business data, as well as significantly
enhance data quality. Hence the business can provide unique
customer experience and deliver above and beyond their
expectations. The Data Augmentation is immensely important as
it helps in improving the overall productivity of the business. It
is also important in making the most accurate and relevant
information available quickly for decision making.
This work focuses on augmentation of the customer
dataset using Genetic Algorithm(GA). These augmented data are
used for the purpose of customer behavioral analysis. The data
set consists of the different factors inherent in each situation of
the customer to understand the market strategy. This behavioral
data is used in the earlier work of analyzing the data [13]. It is
found that collecting a very large amount of such data manually
is a very cumbersome process. It is inferred from the earlier
work [13] that the more number of data may give accurate
result. Hence it is decided to enrich the dataset by using Genetic
Algorithm.
System Development for Verification of General Purpose Input OutputRSIS International
In SoC no. of IP block inside it depends upon specific
application, increase in the Ip block increases no. of digital
control lines causes increase in the size of the chip. GPIO helps
internal IP blocks to share digital control lines using MUX and
avoids additional circuitry. Since design productivity cannot
follow the pace of nanoelectronics technology innovation, it has
been required to develop various design methodologies to
overcome this gap. In system level design, various design
methodologies such as IP reuse, automation of platform
integration and verification process have been proposed. GPIO
configuration register decides in which mode system has to work
GPIO has four modes i.e input, output, functional, interrupt. As
per operation particular mode is selected and the operation get
performed. Devices with pin scarcity like integrated circuits such
as system-on-a-chip, embedded and custom hardware, and
programmable logic devices cannot compromise with size can
perform well without additional digital control line circuitry.
De-noising of Fetal ECG for Fetal Heart Rate Calculation and Variability Anal...RSIS International
Fetal monitoring is the way of checking the condition
of unborn baby during labor and delivery by continuously
monitoring his or her heart rate. A normal fetal heart rate (FHR)
can reassure safe birth of the baby. Fetal monitoring techniques
are broadly classified into invasive and non-invasive techniques.
Non-invasive techniques are involves monitoring the fetus
through mother’s abdominal region. This can be done in all
gestation weeks and during the delivery also. Abdominal ECG
(AECG) is a composite ECG signal containing both mother’s as
well as fetal ECG. This paper presents an efficient technique to
extract FECG from abdominal ECG. A modified Pan Tompkin’s
method is employed for the QRS detection. It involves series of
filters and methods like band pass filter, derivative filter,
squaring, integration and adaptive thresholding. Further heart
rate of fetus and mother is calculated and heart rate variability
analysis is done using detected R-peaks. The algorithm is tested
on 5 different non-invasively recorded abdominal and direct
FECG signals taken from MIT PhysioNet database and the
results are obtained using MATLAB software. The performance
of the QRS detector is evaluated using parameters like
Sensitivity and Positive Prediction.
A finite element modelling of composite plate with
integrated piezoelectric layers, acting as sensor/actuator, for
active vibration control is presented in this paper. The
displacement feedback (DF) and direct velocity feedback (DVF)
controls are integrated into the FE software ANSYS to perform
closed loop analysis for vibration control. A smart laminated
composite beam with different layup configurations under free
and forced vibration condition is studied and the results shows
suppression of vibration achieved successfully in both DF and
DVF controls.
LabVIEW Based Measurement of Blood Pressure using Pulse Transit TimeRSIS International
Blood Pressure is the pressure exerted by blood on the
walls of arteries. Normal blood pressure is considered to be a
systolic blood pressure of 120 millimetres of mercury and
diastolic pressure of 80 millimetres of mercury (stated as "120
over 80"). If an individual were to have a consistent blood
pressure reading of 140 over 90, he would be evaluated for
having high blood pressure. If left untreated, high blood pressure
can damage important organs, such as the brain and kidneys, as
well as lead to a stroke. Thus it becomes important to measure
blood pressure as it can lead to early diagnosis of diseases that
may be linked to high or low blood pressure. PTT is the time
taken by the arterial pulse propagating from the heart to a
peripheral site. This can be calculated from ECG signals and
PlethysmoGram signals. Since, PTT has been found to be
correlated to Blood Pressure, it is imperative to calculate PTT
accurately. In this paper, a relation has been developed between
PTT and Blood Pressure using regresssion analysis. Another
indicator, known as the Photoplethysmogram Intensity Ratio,
henceforth known as the PIR has also been used in estimation of
the Blood Pressure. The coding has been done in LabVIEW
which is has a graphical programming syntax that makes it
simple to visualize, create, and code engineering systems.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
The Bridging Process: Filipino Teachers’ View on Mother Tongue
1. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) |Volume II, Issue IV, April 2018|ISSN 2454-6186
www.rsisinternational.org Page 1
The Bridging Process: Filipino Teachers’ View on
Mother Tongue
Genalyn P. Lualhati
Instructor III, College of Teacher Education, Batangas State University-JPLPC Campus, Malvar, Batangas, Philippines
Abstract: This paper recognized that teachers play the main
element in the success of the new language policy, the Mother
Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) in the
Philippines. Their views as implementer on this approach are
essential in the attainment of the MTB-MLE objectives. In this
descriptive paper, the authors report a comprehensive account of
the 35 teachers’ perception on the efficiency and effectiveness of
MTB approach in teaching at Malvar Central School, Batangas,
Philippines for the school year 2016-2017. Using adopted
questionnaire, needed data were gathered and statistically
treated. The study found out that the respondents moderately
perceived mother tongue- based approach as effective and
efficient in achieving learning goals. The implications of these
findings are discussed within the theoretical and practical issues
surrounding the use of mother tongue-based in the Philippines.
Keywords: Elementary Education, Multilingual Education,
Mother tongue, Language, Teaching and Learning Process
I. INTRODUCTION
anguage, as the heart of communication, is the system of
words that people use to express thoughts and feelings to
each other. According to Hudson [1], language is the main
medium of education; literacy as the mode of education is one
of the foundations of education; verbal intelligence is one of
the most-used predictors of educational success; foreign or
second languages are traditionally an important part of the
school curriculum; language has a profound effect on
education. With these connections, the importance of teaching
in indigenous and vernacular languages surfaced in the 1950s
[2]. Vernacular language is defined as a language which is the
mother tongue of a group which is socially or politically
dominated by another group speaking a different language.
Indigenous language, on the other hand, is “the language of
the people considered being original inhabitants of an area”
[2].
Today, there is a growing movement of the Mother Tongue
(MT) instruction in the elementary years of a child’s
education all over the world. This initiative was anchored on
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization’s (UNESCO) [3] policy paper recommending
that every pupil should begin formal education in his or her
mother tongue. UNESCO has clearly supported initial
reading, writing, and learning in the language of the learner on
psychological and pedagogical grounds. [4] This position has
since been strengthened by abundant researches that students
learn to read and write most efficiently and effectively when
instruction takes place through the medium of their mother
tongue [5]. In brief, there is an overwhelming evidence that
pupils learn to read more quickly when taught in their mother
tongue; students who learn to read in their mother tongue also
learn to read in a second or foreign language more quickly
than those who initially are taught to read in a second
language or foreign language, and students taught to read in
their mother tongue acquire academic content and skills more
quickly [6].
Affirming to this is the 2011 results of Trends in International
Mathematics and Science Study (TIMMS) wherein Singapore,
Republic of Korea, Hongkong, Chines, Taipei, and Japan
topped its said examination [7]. It is worth noting that these
countries do not use English as medium of instruction
whereas, the Philippines who use English as medium of
instruction ranked among the fifth from the bottom in Math
and Science excellence [8]. Despite this finding of TIMMS,
the Philippines still uses English as medium of instruction in
the past years. Learning the language seems to be one of the
top priorities in Philippines Basic education. However, this
practice can be an obstacle in developing functional literacy
since English is not the native language of the learners [9].
This situation made apparent the rising number of efforts in
the educational programs in the Philippines to utilize MT as
an approach in teaching. Nonetheless, Philippines is the only
country in Asia to have instituted a national policy calling for
the mother tongue-based multilingual education (MTB-MLE)
in the elementary years. This is one of the changes in Basic
Education Curriculum brought about by the new K-12
program , specifically in Kindergarten, Grades 1, 2 and 3 to
support the goal of “ Every Child- A- Reader and A –Writer”
by Grade 1” [10].
MTB-MLE refers to “first-language-first” education that is,
schooling which begins in the mother tongue and transitions
to additional languages particularly Filipino and English. It is
meant to address the high functional illiteracy of Filipinos
where language plays a significant factor. Since the child’s
own language enables her/ him to express him/herself easily,
then, there is no fear of making mistakes. It encourages active
participation by children in the learning process because they
understand what is being discussed and what is being asked of
them. They can immediately use their mother tongue to
construct and explain their world, articulate their thoughts and
add new concepts to what they already know [11].
L
2. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) |Volume II, Issue IV, April 2018|ISSN 2454-6186
www.rsisinternational.org Page 2
It is used as a Medium of Instruction (MOI) for Grades 1, 2
and 3 in teaching Math, AralingPanlipunan (AP), Music, Arts,
Physical Education and Health (MAPEH) and
EdukasyonsaPag-uugali (EsP). Mother tongue is taught as a
separate Learning Area in Grades 1 and 2, as specified in the
background of the study (DepEd Order #31s.2013). Cummins
as cited by Banks and Banks [12] cited that whatever the
earners first language, students who are literate and bare had
prior formal schooling in their first language have been found
to outperform students who have not been taught in the
mother tongue. Kolawole [13] discovered that students in
Owo local government area of Ondo State perform better
whenever they are taught some basic concept in Yoruba. Abiri
[14] stated that Mathematics and Science taught in a child’s
mother tongue has lot advantages, like overcoming limited
knowledge of foreign mathematical and science vocabulary.
Moreover, the uniqueness of mathematics and science
languages has distinguished them from other subjects. Anyone
that cannot cope with imperial and native language which is
based on verbal reasoning may likely get lost easily in
quantitative reasoning where the use of these languages is
necessary. Further, it will help students to generate, retain,
retrieve, and transform well-structured visual image into
subject appreciation with the aid of the saidlanguage [15].
Despiteevidences on the positive effects of the MTB-
MLE in instruction, it is still not yet fully accepted by the
teachers. One potential explanation is that such policies are
directly undermined by what Tecson [16] describes as
“Western language ideologies”, including an “ideology of
contempt” for indigenous languages. Shohamy as cited by
Spolsky and Hult [17] has explained this idea further. He
argues that five specific mechanisms result in the disregard of
mother-tongue based education in some nations: rules and
regulations, educational language policies, language testing,
public language use, and ideology, myths, propaganda and
coercion. This statement is an important matter to take
account because the success of this approach relies on the
hand of the teacher-its implementer.
As Nolasco et al. [8] mentioned, teaching in the MTB-MLE
requires deep background on varied teaching strategies. The
teacher plays the most crucial role in the education of the
child as a mentor and facilitator of learning. However, the
teachers should make sure that they are empowered well
enough to implement these approaches and these are aligned
with the changing needs of times. As cited by Freeman and
Freeman [18], teachers‟ abilities to clearly articulate their
precepts, and opinions, about what makes learning happen in
an integral part of their effectiveness as educator. There
precepts become the vessel within which all future teaching
ideas are contained and the perspective through which new
ideas are filtered.
With the aim of having a functional literate and with the
recognized significance of the MTB approach that is crucial
for the success of instruction which were previously discussed
motivated the researcher to conduct this study. The perception
of the teacher towards the use of MTB approach in teaching is
highly significant in determining the maximum benefits of
using the approach. The main purpose of this study was to
determine the perception on the mother tongue-based
approach in teaching in terms of efficiency and
effectivenessof the public elementary teachers of Malvar
Central School, Malvar, Philippines
As an educator handling professional courses for teacher
education programs, the conduct of this study that focused on
Filipino teachers’ perception on MTB-approach in teaching is
essential as this can reinforce obligation and commitment
among faculty members in preparing elementary education
students to be a good deliverer of this new language program
policy. Further, educators will be able to better identify and
appreciate their role in the educative process, thereby, become
more efficient and effective implementers of MTB-MLE.
II. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This paper aimed to determine the 35 elementary
teachers’ perception on MTB approach in teachingat Malvar
Central School, Malvar, Batangas, Philippines for the School
Year (S.Y.) 2016-2017. Specifically, this study revealed their
view on the efficiency and effectiveness of the said new
language policy.
This study is only limited to the responses made by the
respondents in the administered adopted questionnaire.
Moreover, it did not determine their personal profile or their
teaching performances.
III. METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The researcher considered the descriptive method as the most
appropriate method considering the nature and scope of the
study. According to Adanza et al. [19], it is a process of
gathering information about prevailing conditions or situation
for the purpose of description and interpretations. Further, this
method will also seek accurate data about an existing
condition, nature and characteristics of the subjects. This
method best suit this study for this described the perceptions
of the teachers on mother tongue as an approach in teaching in
terms of its efficiency and effectiveness.
This study surveyed 35 elementary teachers’ perception on
MTB approach in teaching at Malvar Central School, Malvar,
Batangas, Philippines, for the S.Y. 2016-2017. The researcher
utilized the whole population.
Planning, data gathering, and analysis were the three-phases
this study had undergone. The researcher was able to
formulate the research problem through examining a number
of resources and existing studies on mother tongue. Her long
years of experience handling courses relevant to mother
tongue encouraged her to conceptualize this study.
3. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) |Volume II, Issue IV, April 2018|ISSN 2454-6186
www.rsisinternational.org Page 3
Instrumentation
In order to get the needed data, the researcher used an adopted
questionnaire. It has undergone content validation to ensure
that this is appropriate to the context and background of the
target respondents. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to measure the
reliability of the questionnaire. Through the help of the
statistician, the instrument was found to be reliable.
To facilitate the interpretation of the computed mean for
respondents’ view on mother tongue, the following mean
ranges with their corresponding interpretations were used:
For the numerical value of 4 and mean ranges of 3.51-4.00, it
will be interpreted as Strongly Agree/ Highly Perceived as
Efficient/Effective; for 3 and 2.51-3.50, Agree/ Perceived as
Efficient/Effective; for 2 and 1.51-2.50, Slightly Agree
/Moderately Perceived as Efficient/Effective; and lastly, for 1
and 1.00-1.50, Disagree/Not Perceived as Efficient/Effective.
Data Collection Procedure
Data gathering stage started with seeking approval
from the authorities concerned to float the questionnaire.
Obtaining the total number of respondents was also done to
prepare the needed numbers of questionnaire. With proper
consultation, the researchers obtained schedule for the
administration of the questionnaire. Distribution and retrieval
were personally executed by the researchers. The elicited
quantitative data had undergone checking, scoring, analysis
and interpretation with the help of the statistician. Every item
in the questionnaire was painstakingly analyzed and
interpreted. The researcher utilized Mean in order to analyze
and interpret the data so as to provide answer to the specific
problems posed in this study.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This part of the study aimed to reveal the perception of
the respondents towards the mother tongue based approach in
teaching. The succeeding tables present the generated
information of these matters.
Respondents’ Perception on Mother Tongue-based
approach in terms of Efficiency
The perception of the respondents towards the efficiency of
MTB approach in teaching was presented in Table 1.
Generally, it shows that the respondents moderately perceived
MTB approach in teaching as efficient with the computed
composite mean of 3.13. The moderate result may be
attributed to the fact teachers’ acceptance of the new approach
is inflexible because of the transition period from the bilingual
education to the mother-tongue based education as part of the
k to 12 curriculum reform of the government. This result
supports to the statement of the Department of Education
undersecretary Quijano, as cited by Ladic [20], when she said
in an interview that not all teachers will abreast the
implementation of the MTB – MLE on its first and second
year of implementation particularly to those teachers who
experience difficulties in adjusting and don’t want to change
their traditional ways of teaching.
Specifically, it can be gleaned from the table that the
respondents agreed that using the approach, objectives are
clear, achievable, time bound and easy to facilitate as reflected
by the weighted mean of 3.22. This was the highest rated
item. Further, the least rated item, garnered a weighted mean
of 3.00, verbally interpreted as agree, which was the
assessment of the respondents on learning tasks and topics can
be easily covered within the allotted time. The data implies
that set learning tasks were achieved efficiently by the
students. Maminta [5] claims that research and experience
have shown that use of mother tongue in education has shown
to facilitate acquisition and literacy skills and provide the
foundation for continuing autonomous learning.
Table 1.Perception on Efficiency of Mother Tongue-Based Approach in
Teaching
Statements Mean
Interpretati
on
With the use of the approach…
1. objectives are clear, achievable, time bound
and easy to facilitate.
3.22 Agree
2. instructional materials are appropriate,
accessible and easy to prepare.
3.06 Agree
3. individual and group activities can enhance
the skills of learners to achieve the desired
objectives.
3.21 Agree
4. activities which are suitable for achieving the
desirable objectives can be easily planned.
3.15 Agree
5. delivering the lessons, presentation of
activities can be carried effortless and is not
time consuming.
3.13 Agree
6. learning tasks and topics included in the
curriculum and course outline for the subject
can be easily covered within the allotted time.
3.00 Agree
7. learning tasks and topics can be easily
organized sequentially for the ease of smooth
transition of the lesson
3.09 Agree
8. delivery of the lesson is simpler and easier. 3.21 Agree
9. connecting previous lesson to present lesson
is easily carried out in a variety of means.
3.18 Agree
10. variety of assessment tools can be easily
employed to evaluate students’ learning.
3.07 Agree
Composite Mean 3.13
Moderately
Perceived as
Efficient
In addition to outcomes associated with learner achievement
in the classroom, multilingual education also offers a context
for the maintenance of local language acquisition and
instruction, and promotes learner integration into the national
society without forcing children to sacrifice their linguistic
and cultural heritage. It is worthy to mention that mother
tongue has a key role in academic success of the students.
Huck [21] stated that the most powerful predictor of academic
success is the second language is formal schooling in the first
language. What the student finds out for himself from his own
effort to solve communication problems will improve his own
future competence
Respondents’ Perception on Mother Tongue-based approach
in terms of Effectiveness
4. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) |Volume II, Issue IV, April 2018|ISSN 2454-6186
www.rsisinternational.org Page 4
The perception of the respondents towards the effectiveness of
MTB approach in teaching was presented in Table 2.
The table reveals that the respondents strongly agreed that the
approach enables the students to freely and spontaneously ask
or answer questions or discuss observation with the teachers
and with the peers and encourage maximum participation for
both high and low performing students to be actively involved
in the learning process. This was reflected by the highest
weighted mean of 3.28.
Table 2.Perception on Effectiveness of Mother Tongue-Based Approach in
Teaching
Statements Mean
Interpretati
on
The approach …
1.leads to better understanding of mathematical
concepts that make the lesson meaningful for
the students.
3.25 Strongly
Agree
2. allows the use of a variety of instructional
strategies that may enhance student cognitive
development and reasoning skills.
3.24 Agree
3. fosters collaboration and supportive
interaction inside the classroom through the
use of native language.
3.12 Agree
4. enables the students to freely and
spontaneously ask or answer questions or
discuss observation with the teachers and with
the peers.
3.28
Strongly
Agree
5. encourages maximum participation for both
high and low performing students to be
actively involved in the learning process.
3.28
Strongly
Agree
6. promotes self-motivation, positive social
interaction and active engagement among the
learners.
3.19 Agree
7. establishes good relationships among
students, teachers, and parents.
3.24 Agree
8. enables the teacher to easily assess students
of what has been learned and identify areas
where students need further assistance as they
express themselves.
3.24 Agree
9. provides opportunities for formulating
effective and challenging questions that
develop higher order thinking skills of the
learners.
3.12 Agree
10. is applicable to different styles of learning
that allow constructing, exploring, and
learners’ own knowledge.
3.12 Agree
Composite Mean 3.21
Moderately
Perceived
as Effective
On the other hand, it is worthy to mention that the three
lowest ranked items obtained similar weighted mean. The
respondents agreed that mother tongue fosters collaboration
and supportive interaction inside the classroom, provides
opportunities for formulating effective and challenging
questions that develop higher order thinking skills, and is
applicable to different styles of learning that allow
constructing, exploring, and learners’ own knowledge. It
garnered a weighted mean of 3.12. These were the lowest
ranked items. These findings show that students involvement
in class can be easily achieve using the mother tongue as
medium of instruction. According to Nolasco [8], teaching
and learning can be done effectively because one’s own
language enables a child to express himself easily, as there is
no fear of making mistakes. MLE encourages lecture
participation by children in the learning process because they
understand what is being discussed and what is being ask of
them. They can immediately use the mother tongue to
construct and explain their world, articulate their thoughts and
add new concepts to what they already know. In general, it
can be deduced that the respondents perceived the approach as
moderately effective in teaching. This was shown by the
composite mean of 3.21. Since the approach is newly
implemented, this might hinder the teachers in fully
implementing it. According to the research of Ilagan [22],
teachers are into the trainings with two distinct viewpoints
about mother tongue instruction; some were positive towards
it and others were negative about it.
Table 3. Summary of Composite Means
Variables
Composite
Mean
Verbal Interpretation
Efficiency of MTB
Approach
Effectiveness of MTB
Approach
3.13
3.21
Moderately Perceived as
Efficient
Moderately Perceived as
Effective
Grand Composite
Mean
3.17 Moderate Perception
It is in this juncture that the researcher concluded that the
respondents moderate perceived the approach as efficient and
effective. These results served as another account to the
assertion of Theory of Change by Kurt Lewin which states
that alteration of the status quo cause resistance. The teachers
are supportive of the program but were skeptical due to the
growing challenges brought by the lack of Mother Tongue
(MT) learning materials and books which they have
considered as MTB-MLE’s biggest challenge.
Reviewed studies of Aranao et al. [23], Ababa-balang [24]
and Barcelona [25] served as frame of reference for the
findings of this study. Aranao et al. [23] conducted a study to
determine the perception of Grade 1 teachers in the use of
mother tongue-based multilingual education in teaching
mathematics at De La Salle Lipa, their findings proved that
MTB-MLE is an effective approach in teaching Mathematics.
In the way that learners can easily grasp the lesson; learners
are more comfortable in the duration of the class; they are
more participative because learners can express their ideas,
opinions and answers in their mother tongue and learners are
more efficient in attaining their lessons; and learners show
progress in their test assessment. Moreover, the study of
Ababa-balang [24] stated that through the use of the children’s
first language students can learn and understand basic
concepts, ideas skills and processes. In addition, Barcelona
[25] stated that in mother tongue approach have gained
mastery of the subject matter. He also proved that the students
taught using MTB-MLE performed differently and better than
those students who expose to conventional teaching strategy.
5. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) |Volume II, Issue IV, April 2018|ISSN 2454-6186
www.rsisinternational.org Page 5
V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
After careful analyses and interpretations of data, it was found
out that the respondents had moderate perception on the
efficiency and effectiveness of MTB approach. In this light,
the author came up with the following recommendations as
inputs to strengthen MTB approach based on the findings of
this study:
First, the government, specifically, Department of Education,
is encouraged to provide additional budget for
seminars/trainings on modules and instructional materials
preparation aligned with MTB-MLE frameworks. Tracking
the background of the teachers in terms of their readiness of
MTB-MLE implementation is encouraged. Lastly, more
seminars on language awareness are encouraged to increase
knowledge on how to implement language development
objective of the MTB-MLE.
Second, the teachers are encouraged to attend additional
seminars related to MTB-MLE on a regular basis. In doing so,
they may also obtain further knowledge on crating
instructional/learning materials informed by the MTB-MLE
structures. Further, teachers may further enhance their
teaching strategies to meet needs of students through proper
orientation and training. The use of innovative methods and
strategies parallel to the MTB-MLE frameworks like,
storytelling, localization and contextualization of lectures may
be done.
Third, benchmarking to other schools, considered as MTB-
MLE pilot schools must be done to see best practices in
delivering instruction. Fourth, continuous monitoring and
evaluation of MTB-MLE may be carried out to maximize its
benefits and potentials. Lastly, since MTB-MLE deals with
numerous concerns, future researchers may conduct other
studies related to the present considering other possible
variables.
REFERENCES
[1]. Hudson, R. (2010). Linguistic theory. In Spolsky, B. &Hult, F.M.
(Eds.), The handbook of educational linguistics. West Sussex, UK:
John Wiley & Sons.
[2]. King,K. & Benson, C. (2010).In Spolsky, B. & Hult, F.M.
(Eds.).The Handbook of Educational Linguistics.Vernacular and
Indigenous Literacies. USA: Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
[3]. UNESCO. (2012) Education in a Multilingual World, United
Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization.
www.unesco.org/education.Acessed Dec. 23, 2011.
[4]. Lajato, Darwin B., &Magpantay, Melanie P. (2006). Teaching
Strategies used by the Elementary Grade Teachers in Payapa
Elementary School. Batangas State University – Jose P. Laurel
Polytecnic College, Malvar, Batangas.
[5]. Maminta, Lucia G. (2012) The use of Mother Tongue-Based
Language (MTB-MLE) in the Team-Assisted Individualized
Remediation (TAIR) on the least learned competencies in
Elementary Mathematics. Mindanao State University,
IliganInstitute of Technology Iligan City.
[6]. Serquina, G.P. (2010). Attributes of Effective Reading Programs
Among High-Performing, High Poverty Public Elementary
School.Unpublished Dissertation.University of the Philippines,
Quezon City.
[7]. AroraAlka, Martin, Michael O., Mullis Ina V.S. (2012). TIMMS
2011 International Results in Mathematics. TIMMS and PIRLS
International Study Center, Lynch School of Education , Boston
College , Chestnut Hill, MA, USA and International Association
for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), IEA
Secretariat, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
[8]. Nolasco, R., Datar, F. &Azurin, A. (2010). Starting where the
children are: A collection of essays on mother-tongue based
multilingual education and language issues in the Philippines.
Quezon City: 170+ Talaytayan MLE Inc.
[9]. Danganan, Rodel R. (2012). DepEd community to quality
education through k-12.The Modern Teacher.Volume 61 No.
1.
[10]. Hoggang, Zenaida M. (2012). The importance of Mother
Tongue.The Modern Teacher. Volume 61 No. 3
[11]. Nolasco, Ricardo. (2009). 21 reasons why Filipino children learn
better while using their mother tongue: A primer on Mother
Tongue-based Multilingual Education (MLE) and other issues on
language and learning in the Philippines. Diliman: Guro
Formation Forum.
[12]. Banks., S.R..and Thompson, C.L.(1995). Educational Psychology
for Teachers in training. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Company.
[13]. [Kolawole, E.B. (1985). Teaching of Mathematics in Yoruba in
OWO Local Government Area. Unpublished Research Work
A.O.D High School OWO.
[14]. Abiri J.O (1990). Preparation of the Secondary School Mother
Tongue Teacher.West Africa Journal, Volume No.1.
[15]. Lohman D.F (2005) The role of non-verbal ability tests in
identifying academically gifted students. An aptitude
perspective.Gifted Child Quarterly 49, 111-138.
[16]. Tecson, RoumillaMarcelino D. (2010) Perceptions of the
Administrator’s Teachers and PTA Officials on the Mother
Tongue Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE). Central
Mindanao Coleges, Kidapawan City.
[17]. Spolsky, B.and HUTT, F. (2010). The Handbook of Educational
Linguistics. USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
[18]. Freeman, D. E., & Freeman, Y. S. (2000). Teaching reading in
multilingual classrooms. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
[19]. Adanza, E. G.,Bermundo, P. J. U., &Rasonable, M. B. (2009).
Methods of Research: A Primer. Manila, Philippines: Rex Book
Store.
[20]. Ladic, Rechele M. (2012) The implementation of mother tongue-
based multilingual education as medium of instruction for grade
one in public elementary schools. Balanac Elementary School,
Ligao City, DepEd Region V.
[21]. Huck, C. et al. 1987. Children’s Literature in the Elementary
School. USA.
[22]. Ilagan, Eloisa C. (2011) The implementation of Mother tongue-
Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) to mathematics and
science and performance of Grade IV and V pupils in San Pablo
Central School in the Lakeside District: Impact in Learning
Outcomes. Laguna State Polytechnic University, San Pablo City
Campus.
[23]. Aranao, Whilma M., Del Mundo Rowena, U., Recio, Maria
Cristina M. (2006) Effects of medium of instruction in learning
science concepts of grade V pupils at Malvar Central School.
Batangas State University – Jose P. Laurel Polytecnic College,
Malvar, Batangas.
[24]. Ababa-Balang Vivien. (2012). The effectiveness of Mother
Tongue Based Curriculum on the proficiency level in mathematics
of grade one pupils of San Antonio Elementary School,
Iriga City South District, School Year 2012-2013. San Antonio
Elementary School, Iriga City, DepEd Region V.
[25]. Barcelona, Sonia G. (2012). Mother tongue-based multilingual
education in teaching mathematics among selected grade six
students in Southville I Elementary School, District of Cabuyao,
Division of Laguna. Graduate studies and applied research,
research journal Volume 1.