Geoffrey Chaucer, a prominent poet and diplomat from the 14th century, is best known for his unfinished work, 'The Canterbury Tales,' which offers a rich collection of stories told by pilgrims traveling to a shrine. Despite the unknown specifics of his early life and education, Chaucer's influence on English literature is profound, marking a significant achievement in Western culture. His innovative use of characters and narratives illustrates the societal norms of his time, embedding irony and satire into his storytelling.