Explain the principles of constitutional design. In your opinion, do.pdf

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Explain the power conversion stages in a typical grid-tied EV/PHEV charging system. Highlight the key role played by power electronic converters in the various conversion options. Solution The different stages of power conversion in typical grid-tied EV/PHEV charging system are: Even completion of above two stages, the cells are not equalized because of imbalanced Equalization charge stage is plays a key role for balancing the inside cells in typical grid-tied EV/PHEV charging system.

Education

Explain the principles of constitutional design. In your opinion, does the U.S. Constitution meet
these principles? Explain why.
Solution
The vast majority of contemporary constitutions describe the basic principles of the state, the
structures and processes of government and the fundamental rights of citizens in a higher law
that cannot be unilaterally changed by an ordinary legislative act. This higher law is usually
referred to as a constitution. The content and nature of a particular constitution, as well as how it
relates to the rest of the legal and political order, varies considerably between countries, and
there is no universal and uncontested definition of a constitution.
Constitutional Principles
The U.S. Constitution has been and remains one of the most enduring political agreements inthe
history of the world.Throughoutits existence, it has served as an inspiring example of the
potentialof constitutional government, causing many othercountriesand people to emulate its
provisions.
I feel that the constitution is workable, it is flexible and it is strong enough to hold the country
together both in peacetime and in wartime. Indeed, if I may say so, if things go wrong under the
new Constitution, the reason will not be that we had a bad Constitution. What we will have to
say is that person responsible for framing constitution is ignorant.

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Explain briefly the system of system of the Balance of Payments Accounting for a country, including an explanation of the current account, the capital account, and the financial account. Solution BOP is an official record that tracks all the transactions of financial nature, between a country (and its residents) with other countries. BOP is a flow concept since it measures the transactions during a specific period of time (1 year, 1 quarter etc). BOP is always prepared in a single currency (the domestic currency). BOP has 3 types of accounts, based on nature of transaction. These component accounts are: Current Account, Capital Account, Financial Account. Theoritically, sum of balances in all these accounts will be zero. But in reality there may be some positive and negative balance which is then classified under \"Balance Account\". Current Account records the exports, imports (defining Trade Balance as Exports less Imports), Services, Net Factor Income from Abroad and fund (Cash) transfers. Capital Account records all transactions and transfers pertaining to Investment purposes (and not for consumption purposes). For example, an official exemption on debt (\"Debt Forgiveness\") falls under Capital Account. Financial Account records transactions relating to asset/investment borrowing, selling in other countries. This includes DFI (Direct Foreign Investment, a longer term capital flow), DPI (Direct Portfolio Investment which is shorter term capital flow) and Official Reserves (which is assets transacted by Central Bank, for example, foreign exchange). Together, these 3 components theoritically balance up, implying shortfall in one or more component account is compensated by surplus in other component account(s). If there is any negative/positive balance arising out of BPO accounting, that goes into Balance Account..

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Explain how convection and radiation terms are included in the fundamental equation. Solution CONVECTION: Flow of heat through currents within a fluid (liquid or gas). Convection is the displacement of volumes of a substance in a liquid or gaseous phase. When a mass of a fluid is heated up, for example when it is in contact with a warmer surface, its molecules are carried away and scattered causing that the mass of that fluid becomes less dense. For this reason, the warmed mass will be displaced vertically and/or horizontally, while the colder and denser mass of fluid goes down (the low-kinetic-energy molecules displace the molecules in high-kinetic- energy states). Through this process, the molecules of the hot fluid transfer heat continuously toward the volumes of the colder fluid. For example, when heating up water on a stove, the volume of water at the bottom of the pot will be warmed up by conduction from the metallic bottom of the pot and its density decreases. Given that it gets lesser dense, it shifts upwards up to the surface of the volume of water and displaces the upper -colder and denser- mass of water downwards, to the bottom of the pot. Formula of Convection: q = hA (Ts - T ?) Where h is for convective heat transfer coefficient, A is the area implied in the heat transfer process, Ts is for the temperature of the system and T ? is a reference temperature. RADIATION: It is heat transfer by electromagnetic waves or photons. It does not need a propagating medium. The energy transferred by radiation moves at the speed of light. The heat radiated by the Sun can be exchanged between the solar surface and the Earth\'s surface without heating the transitional space. For example, if I place an object (such as a coin, a car, or myself) under the direct sunbeams, I will note in a little while that the object will be heated. The exchange of heat between the Sun and the object occurs by radiation. The formula to know the amount of heat transferred by radiation is: q = e ? A [(?T)^4] Where q is the heat transferred by radiation, E is the emissivity of the system, ? is the constant of Stephan-Boltzmann (5.6697 x 10^-8 W/m^2.K^4), A is the area involved in the heat transfer by radiation, and (?T)^4 is the difference of temperature between two systems to the fourth or higher power. Water absorbs the incoming solar Infrared Radiation because the frequency of the internal vibration of the water molecules is the same frequency of the waves of the solar Infrared Radiation. This form of Radiative Heat transfer is known as Resonance Absorption. We humans feel the heat radiated by the Sun and other systems with a higher temperature because our bodies contain 55-75% of water. The radiative energy inciding on our skin is absorbed by the molecules of water in our bodies by Resonance Absorption. Just then, the Infrared Radiation absorbed by our bodies leads to a more intense internal vibration of the water molecules in our bodies and our bodies get warmer. .

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Explain how academic knowledge impacts the social elements and institutions of both local and global communities. Solution Academic Knowledge impacts Global communities because it brings them information that most of the time communties dont have or dont have access due to the fact they have to pay for it o they dont know where to find it. This knowledge has a possive effect because it provides the tools for communitites to develop further and faster using methods aquired through a superior institution like a college or university. The influence allows communitites to grow and narrows the path to follow in order to math the requirements on the globalization..

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