Explain the formula how they get they obtain X. I already have the answer, but I don\'t know the
exact steps with getting the z-score, area, entry and x which is what we want in this question? So
just work it out for me in detail.
Solution
0.5987 or 0.6 is the alpha value.
For this alpha, critical z is 0.25. [You can calcualte it using any of the critical z value calculators
available online]
Z is defined as (X - Mean)/(Std. Dev.).
Avoid the Mushroom Culture - The 7 deadly sinsMark Conway
A key element of leadership is internal communication.
Done well and consistently, organisations thrive and grow. Done badly, organisations can falter and fail.
In this post I look at the 7 deadly sins of communication!
Avoid the Mushroom Culture - The 7 deadly sinsMark Conway
A key element of leadership is internal communication.
Done well and consistently, organisations thrive and grow. Done badly, organisations can falter and fail.
In this post I look at the 7 deadly sins of communication!
What is Communication_ Verbal, Non-Verbal, Types of Communication.pdfparminderkaur452766
Communication is fundamental to the existence and survival of humans as well as to an organization. It is a process of creating and sharing ideas, information, views, facts, feelings from one place, person or group to another. Communication is the key to the Directing function of management.
The office grapevine & management communicationBablu Chakma
The dictionary gives us a definition for the grapevine which says it is "the informal transmission of information, gossip or rumor from person to person” The grapevine is the informal and unsanctioned information network within every organization.
Discover the significance of two-way communication in the workplace and how it fosters collaboration, productivity, and engagement. Check out thearticle now.
Hearing it through the grapevine: Positive and negative workplace gossip - s...Sadaf Alidad
a review on the article "Hearing it through the grapevine:
Positive and negative workplace gossip " for HRM class , MBA course, Alzahra University of Tehran, Nov 2016
The importance of communication in Organisations and businesses[1].pdfshaunmashale756
Communication has been described as the lifeblood of an organization. Without it, an organization is lifeless. It is the process of sharing ideas, information, and messages with others. The sender is the person who sends the message, the message is the information to be conveyed, the channel is the method of sending the message, and the receiver is the person to whom the message is being sent. If there are no receivers to a message, then it is automatically assumed that no communication has taken place. Both senders and receivers are very Important to the communication process. Communication is successful only when both the sender and the receiver understand the same information.
** Disclaimer:
All of the pictures and pieces of information on this site are the property of the respective owners. I do not hold any copyright in regards to these pictures and information. These pictures have been collected from different public sources including various websites, considered to be in the public domain. If anyone has any objection to display of any picture, image or information, it may be brought to my notice by sending an email (contact me) & the disputed media will be removed immediately, after verification of the claim.
References:
Book: Sampa, Elias M.,
Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences (First Edition). REX Book Store Inc., 2017.
Ariola, Mariano M., LL.B.;Ed.D.; L.P.T
Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences. UNLIMITED BOOKS LIBRARY SERVICES & PUBLISHING INC., 2017.
Internet sites:
www.facebook.com/HeyMissChaii
Explain briefly the system of system of the Balance of Payments Acco.pdfrastogiarun
Explain briefly the system of system of the Balance of Payments Accounting for a country,
including an explanation of the current account, the capital account, and the financial account.
Solution
BOP is an official record that tracks all the transactions of financial nature, between a country
(and its residents) with other countries.
BOP is a flow concept since it measures the transactions during a specific period of time (1 year,
1 quarter etc).
BOP is always prepared in a single currency (the domestic currency).
BOP has 3 types of accounts, based on nature of transaction. These component accounts are:
Current Account, Capital Account, Financial Account. Theoritically, sum of balances in all these
accounts will be zero. But in reality there may be some positive and negative balance which is
then classified under \"Balance Account\".
Current Account records the exports, imports (defining Trade Balance as Exports less Imports),
Services, Net Factor Income from Abroad and fund (Cash) transfers.
Capital Account records all transactions and transfers pertaining to Investment purposes (and not
for consumption purposes). For example, an official exemption on debt (\"Debt Forgiveness\")
falls under Capital Account.
Financial Account records transactions relating to asset/investment borrowing, selling in other
countries. This includes DFI (Direct Foreign Investment, a longer term capital flow), DPI (Direct
Portfolio Investment which is shorter term capital flow) and Official Reserves (which is assets
transacted by Central Bank, for example, foreign exchange).
Together, these 3 components theoritically balance up, implying shortfall in one or more
component account is compensated by surplus in other component account(s). If there is any
negative/positive balance arising out of BPO accounting, that goes into Balance Account..
Explain how convection and radiation terms are included in the funda.pdfrastogiarun
Explain how convection and radiation terms are included in the fundamental equation.
Solution
CONVECTION: Flow of heat through currents within a fluid (liquid or gas). Convection is the
displacement of volumes of a substance in a liquid or gaseous phase. When a mass of a fluid is
heated up, for example when it is in contact with a warmer surface, its molecules are carried
away and scattered causing that the mass of that fluid becomes less dense. For this reason, the
warmed mass will be displaced vertically and/or horizontally, while the colder and denser mass
of fluid goes down (the low-kinetic-energy molecules displace the molecules in high-kinetic-
energy states). Through this process, the molecules of the hot fluid transfer heat continuously
toward the volumes of the colder fluid.
For example, when heating up water on a stove, the volume of water at the bottom of the pot will
be warmed up by conduction from the metallic bottom of the pot and its density decreases. Given
that it gets lesser dense, it shifts upwards up to the surface of the volume of water and displaces
the upper -colder and denser- mass of water downwards, to the bottom of the pot.
Formula of Convection:
q = hA (Ts - T ?)
Where h is for convective heat transfer coefficient, A is the area implied in the heat transfer
process, Ts is for the temperature of the system and T ? is a reference temperature.
RADIATION:
It is heat transfer by electromagnetic waves or photons. It does not need a propagating medium.
The energy transferred by radiation moves at the speed of light. The heat radiated by the Sun can
be exchanged between the solar surface and the Earth\'s surface without heating the transitional
space.
For example, if I place an object (such as a coin, a car, or myself) under the direct sunbeams, I
will note in a little while that the object will be heated. The exchange of heat between the Sun
and the object occurs by radiation.
The formula to know the amount of heat transferred by radiation is:
q = e ? A [(?T)^4]
Where q is the heat transferred by radiation, E is the emissivity of the system, ? is the constant of
Stephan-Boltzmann (5.6697 x 10^-8 W/m^2.K^4), A is the area involved in the heat transfer by
radiation, and (?T)^4 is the difference of temperature between two systems to the fourth or
higher power.
Water absorbs the incoming solar Infrared Radiation because the frequency of the internal
vibration of the water molecules is the same frequency of the waves of the solar Infrared
Radiation. This form of Radiative Heat transfer is known as Resonance Absorption.
We humans feel the heat radiated by the Sun and other systems with a higher temperature
because our bodies contain 55-75% of water. The radiative energy inciding on our skin is
absorbed by the molecules of water in our bodies by Resonance Absorption. Just then, the
Infrared Radiation absorbed by our bodies leads to a more intense internal vibration of the water
molecules in our bodies and our bodies get warmer. .
More Related Content
Similar to Explain the functions of the formal and informal organizationsand .pdf
What is Communication_ Verbal, Non-Verbal, Types of Communication.pdfparminderkaur452766
Communication is fundamental to the existence and survival of humans as well as to an organization. It is a process of creating and sharing ideas, information, views, facts, feelings from one place, person or group to another. Communication is the key to the Directing function of management.
The office grapevine & management communicationBablu Chakma
The dictionary gives us a definition for the grapevine which says it is "the informal transmission of information, gossip or rumor from person to person” The grapevine is the informal and unsanctioned information network within every organization.
Discover the significance of two-way communication in the workplace and how it fosters collaboration, productivity, and engagement. Check out thearticle now.
Hearing it through the grapevine: Positive and negative workplace gossip - s...Sadaf Alidad
a review on the article "Hearing it through the grapevine:
Positive and negative workplace gossip " for HRM class , MBA course, Alzahra University of Tehran, Nov 2016
The importance of communication in Organisations and businesses[1].pdfshaunmashale756
Communication has been described as the lifeblood of an organization. Without it, an organization is lifeless. It is the process of sharing ideas, information, and messages with others. The sender is the person who sends the message, the message is the information to be conveyed, the channel is the method of sending the message, and the receiver is the person to whom the message is being sent. If there are no receivers to a message, then it is automatically assumed that no communication has taken place. Both senders and receivers are very Important to the communication process. Communication is successful only when both the sender and the receiver understand the same information.
** Disclaimer:
All of the pictures and pieces of information on this site are the property of the respective owners. I do not hold any copyright in regards to these pictures and information. These pictures have been collected from different public sources including various websites, considered to be in the public domain. If anyone has any objection to display of any picture, image or information, it may be brought to my notice by sending an email (contact me) & the disputed media will be removed immediately, after verification of the claim.
References:
Book: Sampa, Elias M.,
Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences (First Edition). REX Book Store Inc., 2017.
Ariola, Mariano M., LL.B.;Ed.D.; L.P.T
Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences. UNLIMITED BOOKS LIBRARY SERVICES & PUBLISHING INC., 2017.
Internet sites:
www.facebook.com/HeyMissChaii
Explain briefly the system of system of the Balance of Payments Acco.pdfrastogiarun
Explain briefly the system of system of the Balance of Payments Accounting for a country,
including an explanation of the current account, the capital account, and the financial account.
Solution
BOP is an official record that tracks all the transactions of financial nature, between a country
(and its residents) with other countries.
BOP is a flow concept since it measures the transactions during a specific period of time (1 year,
1 quarter etc).
BOP is always prepared in a single currency (the domestic currency).
BOP has 3 types of accounts, based on nature of transaction. These component accounts are:
Current Account, Capital Account, Financial Account. Theoritically, sum of balances in all these
accounts will be zero. But in reality there may be some positive and negative balance which is
then classified under \"Balance Account\".
Current Account records the exports, imports (defining Trade Balance as Exports less Imports),
Services, Net Factor Income from Abroad and fund (Cash) transfers.
Capital Account records all transactions and transfers pertaining to Investment purposes (and not
for consumption purposes). For example, an official exemption on debt (\"Debt Forgiveness\")
falls under Capital Account.
Financial Account records transactions relating to asset/investment borrowing, selling in other
countries. This includes DFI (Direct Foreign Investment, a longer term capital flow), DPI (Direct
Portfolio Investment which is shorter term capital flow) and Official Reserves (which is assets
transacted by Central Bank, for example, foreign exchange).
Together, these 3 components theoritically balance up, implying shortfall in one or more
component account is compensated by surplus in other component account(s). If there is any
negative/positive balance arising out of BPO accounting, that goes into Balance Account..
Explain how convection and radiation terms are included in the funda.pdfrastogiarun
Explain how convection and radiation terms are included in the fundamental equation.
Solution
CONVECTION: Flow of heat through currents within a fluid (liquid or gas). Convection is the
displacement of volumes of a substance in a liquid or gaseous phase. When a mass of a fluid is
heated up, for example when it is in contact with a warmer surface, its molecules are carried
away and scattered causing that the mass of that fluid becomes less dense. For this reason, the
warmed mass will be displaced vertically and/or horizontally, while the colder and denser mass
of fluid goes down (the low-kinetic-energy molecules displace the molecules in high-kinetic-
energy states). Through this process, the molecules of the hot fluid transfer heat continuously
toward the volumes of the colder fluid.
For example, when heating up water on a stove, the volume of water at the bottom of the pot will
be warmed up by conduction from the metallic bottom of the pot and its density decreases. Given
that it gets lesser dense, it shifts upwards up to the surface of the volume of water and displaces
the upper -colder and denser- mass of water downwards, to the bottom of the pot.
Formula of Convection:
q = hA (Ts - T ?)
Where h is for convective heat transfer coefficient, A is the area implied in the heat transfer
process, Ts is for the temperature of the system and T ? is a reference temperature.
RADIATION:
It is heat transfer by electromagnetic waves or photons. It does not need a propagating medium.
The energy transferred by radiation moves at the speed of light. The heat radiated by the Sun can
be exchanged between the solar surface and the Earth\'s surface without heating the transitional
space.
For example, if I place an object (such as a coin, a car, or myself) under the direct sunbeams, I
will note in a little while that the object will be heated. The exchange of heat between the Sun
and the object occurs by radiation.
The formula to know the amount of heat transferred by radiation is:
q = e ? A [(?T)^4]
Where q is the heat transferred by radiation, E is the emissivity of the system, ? is the constant of
Stephan-Boltzmann (5.6697 x 10^-8 W/m^2.K^4), A is the area involved in the heat transfer by
radiation, and (?T)^4 is the difference of temperature between two systems to the fourth or
higher power.
Water absorbs the incoming solar Infrared Radiation because the frequency of the internal
vibration of the water molecules is the same frequency of the waves of the solar Infrared
Radiation. This form of Radiative Heat transfer is known as Resonance Absorption.
We humans feel the heat radiated by the Sun and other systems with a higher temperature
because our bodies contain 55-75% of water. The radiative energy inciding on our skin is
absorbed by the molecules of water in our bodies by Resonance Absorption. Just then, the
Infrared Radiation absorbed by our bodies leads to a more intense internal vibration of the water
molecules in our bodies and our bodies get warmer. .
Explain how academic knowledge impacts the social elements and insti.pdfrastogiarun
Explain how academic knowledge impacts the social elements and institutions of both local and
global communities.
Solution
Academic Knowledge impacts Global communities because it brings them information that most
of the time communties dont have or dont have access due to the fact they have to pay for it o
they dont know where to find it.
This knowledge has a possive effect because it provides the tools for communitites to develop
further and faster using methods aquired through a superior institution like a college or
university.
The influence allows communitites to grow and narrows the path to follow in order to math the
requirements on the globalization..
Explain the results of the Judge, Ilies, Bono, and Gerhardt review. .pdfrastogiarun
Explain the relevance of a rate reconciliation in a tax provision. Why is it so important and what
information does it provide to a reader of financial statements?
Solution
Users of financial statements continue to emphasize the importance of informative, decision-
useful disclosures. This focus often extends to the reporting of income taxes, a material
component of most financial statements. Tax laws can be difficult to understand due to their
complexity, compounded by the multitude of taxing jurisdictions throughout the world.
Connecting the effects of those laws with financial accounting principles adds to the challenge.
Numerous income tax accounting matters require the use of estimates, judgments, and other
subjective information that can obscure the presentation in the financial statement accounts.
Clarifying disclosures can enable users to gain a better understanding of the reporting entity’s
income tax environment. Today’s financial reporting users represent a spectrum of stakeholders
including investors, lenders, regulators, accounting standard setters, analysts, researchers, and
legislative or public policy-making bodies around the world. The business environment and user
expectations have evolved such that companies are encouraged to communicate more effectively
about their income tax profile. FASB’s focus on disclosure The Financial Accounting Standards
Board (FASB) has a large-scale disclosure framework project in progress. A discussion paper
was issued on July 12, 2012 followed by a comment period. The FASB is currently reviewing
the feedback, while developing a decision process for establishing disclosure requirements. With
the framework project, the FASB hopes to improve the effectiveness of disclosures in the notes
to financial statements by clearly communicating the information that is most important to users.
The FASB intends the framework to promote more consistent decisions around disclosure
requirements. Earlier this month, the FASB announced that it will seek further input on certain
income tax areas noted in a recently completed Financial Accounting Foundation report as
presenting difficulties for users. Specifically, information enabling users to analyze income tax
cash flows and the effects of indefinitely reinvested foreign earnings. IASB’s focus on disclosure
The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) held a discussion forum in London earlier
this year and released a paper in May 2013, Discussion Forum – Financial Reporting Disclosure
Feedback Statement, outlining the initiatives they expect to undertake. The actions include steps
to address materiality considerations and the challenges associated with providing effective
disclosure. SEC’s focus on disclosure The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) recently
announced its plan to hold roundtable discussions with its varying constituents on the subject of
disclosure. In October 2013, Mary Jo White, Chair of the SEC, gave a speech to the National
Associa.
Explain the relevance of a rate reconciliation in a tax provision. W.pdfrastogiarun
Explain the relationship between training and organizational development. How might each
contribute to strategic HR management?
Solution
Training plays a vital role in every Organization whether it is Private Limited firm or Public
Limited firm. In order to achieve desired targets of an Organization and also to make their
Employees to give better Productivity in Performance it is Imperative for an Organization to give
Training to their Employees whether it is Top Level of Management Employees or Bottom Level
of Management Employees. ( CEO\'s, Managers or Executives).
Giving Training to their own Employees and Performing good in their Desired Tasks gives Win-
Win Situation to particular Organization to function good in the Market against their
Competitors. Training their Employees for specific time duration For eg- 3 months can enable
Employees to perform for atleast 2-3 Years i.e. Short term Training with Long Term
Performance.
Training and Organization Management is very well connected with Strategic HR Management-
HR Recruits Employees and Training is also conducted from HR\'s only. If an Employees fails to
perform as per the targets decided from the Managers then Trainers communicates with HR
andaccordingly take actions to terminate Employees.
For Eg of my Own Firm where i work presently- Managers, training initiatives are focused on
providing them with the tools to balance the effective management of their employee resources
with the strategies and goals of the organization. Managers learn to develop their employees
effectively by helping employees learn and change, as well as by identifying and preparing them
for future responsibilities. Management development may also include programs for developing
decision making skills, creating and managing successful work teams, allocating resources
effectively, budgeting, business planning, and goal setting.
Conclusion-Training and development describes the formal, ongoing efforts of organizations to
improve the performance and self-fulfillment of their employees through a variety of methods
and programs. In the modern workplace, these efforts have taken on a broad range of
applications.
Explain the relationship between system implementation and a systems.pdfrastogiarun
Explain the relationship between supply and demand.
Solution
The law of demand states that as the price of the product increases/decreases the demand of the
product falls/rises respectively.
Also, the lasw of supply states that as the price increases the supply of the product increases
since sellers are more willing to sell their products at higher prices.
Now , the realtionship between supply and demand can be studied by looking at the price
movement. As the price goes up, the suppy goes up and the demand falls. So, as supply rises
more than the required amount of goods, the demand falls and as the supply falls, the demand of
the good increase as the price also falls along with the fall un supply..
Explain how a manufacturerSolutionDistribution involves gettin.pdfrastogiarun
Explain how a manufacturer
Solution
Distribution involves getting the right products to the right people at the right time, and can take
a number of forms:
Zero level. The distribution channel is short and the manufacturer/producer sells directly to the
final customer. (For example, web sales or through own retail outlet).
One level. A manufacturer/producer deals with retailers who in turn act as intermediaries by
dealing with the final customers. (For example, phone manufacturer which sells to phone
wholesalers which sell to the public).
Two level. Where the supply chain is further extended, wholesalers become involved and there
are several intermediaries between the manufacturer/producer and the ultimate customer. (For
example, the extended chain involved in sales of items of clothing).
A manufacturer.
Explain how confusing the two (population and a sample) can lead to .pdfrastogiarun
Explain how confusing the two (population and a sample) can lead to incorrect statistical
inferences.
Solution
In statistics, statistical inference is the process of drawing conclusions from data
that is subject to random variation, for example, observational errors or sampling variation.[1]
More substantially, the terms statistical inference, statistical induction and inferential statistics
are used to describe systems of procedures that can be used to draw conclusions from datasets
arising from systems affected by random variation,[2] such as observational errors, random
sampling, or random experimentation.[1] Initial requirements of such a system of procedures for
inference and induction are that the system should produce reasonable answers when applied to
well-defined situations and that it should be general enough to be applied across a range of
situations. The outcome of statistical inference may be an answer to the question \"what should
be done next?\", where this might be a decision about making further experiments or surveys, or
about drawing a conclusion before implementing some organizational or governmental policy.
Contents [show] [edit]Introduction [edit]Scope For the most part, statistical inference makes
propositions about populations, using data drawn from the population of interest via some form
of random sampling. More generally, data about a random process is obtained from its observed
behavior during a finite period of time. Given a parameter or hypothesis about which one wishes
to make inference, statistical inference most often uses: a statistical model of the random process
that is supposed to generate the data, which is known when randomization has been used, and a
particular realization of the random process; i.e., a set of data. The conclusion of a statistical
inference is a statistical proposition.[citation needed] Some common forms of statistical
proposition are: an estimate; i.e., a particular value that best approximates some parameter of
interest, a confidence interval (or set estimate); i.e., an interval constructed using a dataset drawn
from a population so that, under repeated sampling of such datasets, such intervals would contain
the true parameter value with the probability at the stated confidence level, a credible interval;
i.e., a set of values containing, for example, 95% of posterior belief, rejection of a hypothesis[3]
clustering or classification of data points into groups [edit]Comparison to descriptive statistics
Statistical inference is generally distinguished from descriptive statistics. In simple terms,
descriptive statistics can be thought of as being just a straightforward presentation of facts, in
which modeling decisions made by a data analyst have had minimal influence.
[edit]Models/Assumptions Main articles: Statistical model and Statistical assumptions Any
statistical inference requires some assumptions. A statistical model is a set of assumptions
concerning the generation of the observ.
Explain the process through which individuals with a certain set of .pdfrastogiarun
Explain the process of Positioning and Pointing the Camera in computer graphics?
Solution
Explain the process of Positioning and Pointing the Camera in computer graphics?
sol: the process of positioning and poiniting the camera in cg in followed by below steps
1)setup your camera towards the scene (this is called viewing transformation)
2)arrange the scene to be taken in required position(it is also called modelling transformation)
3)adjust lens and zoom (this is called projection transafromation
4)calculate how large to be the photograph(it is also called viewport transformation)
viewing transformation: this will transform the real object coordinates into device coordinates
modelling transformation: here it will transform the coordinates of the device which were taken
by the real world object where modelled and adjusted according to our requirements
projection transformation:this transformation will converts the viewing frustum in to a cuboid
shape,here the near end of the frustrum will be smaller than the far end this will give you the
zooming effect
view port transfromation:
viewport means it is an rectangle window where the image is drawn.this is mesured in window
coordinates
here view prot trnsformation means it will maps the coradinates of the device to the window
coordinates.
Explain the origins of the U.S. judicial system and how the judicial.pdfrastogiarun
Explain the organizational archetypes as described by Mintzberg and discuss how organizational
structure influences innovation.
Summarize Mintzberg\'s work with archetypes.
What key features and implications are involved in each archetype?
Why do we need a template for explaining the structure of an organization?
Mintzberg claimed we have too many managers and too few leaders. Do you agree or disagree
with this and why?
Solution
Mintzberg\'s Organizational Types:
The Entrepreneurial Organization: This type of organization has a simple, flat structure. It
consists of one large unit with one or a few top managers. The organization is relatively
unstructured and informal compared with other types of organization, and the lack of
standardized systems allows the organization to be flexible.
A young company that\'s tightly controlled by the owner is the most common example of this
type of organization. However, a particularly strong leader may be able to sustain an
entrepreneurial organization as it grows, and when large companies face hostile conditions, they
can revert to this structure to keep strict control from the top
The Machine Organization (Bureaucracy) : The machine organization is defined by its
standardization. Work is very formalized, there are many routines and procedures, decision-
making is centralized, and tasks are grouped by functional departments. Jobs will be clearly
defined; there will be a formal planning process with budgets and audits; and procedures will
regularly be analyzed for efficiency.
The machine organization has a tight vertical structure. Functional lines go all the way to the top,
allowing top managers to maintain centralized control. These organizations can be very efficient,
and they rely heavily on economies of scale for their success. However, the formalization leads
to specialization and, pretty soon, functional units can have conflicting goals that can be
inconsistent with overall corporate objectives.
The Professional Organization : According to Mintzberg, the professional organization is also
very bureaucratic. The key difference between these and machine organizations is that
professional organizations rely on highly trained professionals who demand control of their own
work. So, while there\'s a high degree of specialization, decision making is decentralized. This
structure is typical when the organization contains a large number of knowledge workers, and
it\'s why it\'s common in places like schools and universities, and in accounting and law firms.
The Divisional (Diversified) Organization : If an organization has many different product lines
and business units, you\'ll typically see a divisional structure in place. A central headquarters
supports a number of autonomous divisions that make their own decisions, and have their own
unique structures. You\'ll often find this type of structure in large and mature organizations that
have a variety of brands, produce a wide range of products, or operate in d.
Explain the organizational archetypes as described by Mintzberg and .pdfrastogiarun
Explain the organizational and individual purposes for expatriation. Why do these need to be
incorporated as part of a strategic approach to managing global assignments?
Solution
The organizational and individual purposes for expatriation are as follows:
They needs to incorporated to manage global assignments because:.
Explain the Mutiplier Effect. Try to explain it in some detail so th.pdfrastogiarun
Explain the method which can be used to determine the disjunction normal form of the Boolean
function represented by the following table:
x y z f
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0
Solution
To form a DNF representation of the function, we\'ll include a term for each row of the truth
table in which the value of the function is true(1). For each of these terms, include all variables
that are parameters to the function. If a variable is given a value of false(0) in the truth table row,
negate it in the term; otherwise, leave it non-negated. In this way a DNF expression is generated
directly from the truth table.
F(x, y, z) = x\'yz\' + xy\'z\' + xy\'z
The disjunctive normal form should have three minterms corresponding to thethree triples for
which F takes the value 1. Consider one of these: F(0, 1, 0) = 1.In order to have a product of
literals that will equal 1, we need to multiply literalsthat have a value of 1. At the triple (0, 1, 0)
the literals we need are x, y, and z,since x = y = z = 1 when x = 0, y = 1, and z = 0. The
corresponding minterm,xyz, will then have value 1 at (0, 1, 0) and 0 at every other triple in B3.
The othertwo minterms come from considering F(1, 0, 0) = 1 and F(1, 0, 1) = 1. The sum ofthese
three minterms will have value 1 at each of (1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), (1, 0, 1) and 0 atall other triples in
B3..
Explain the main sources of power available to managers, giving exam.pdfrastogiarun
Explain the main porpose of conducting a time study?
Solution
Time study is a direct observation of a task and a continous one at that. This observation is done
using a time keeping device.
The main purpose is to record the time taken to complete a task or a job.
When this is done the time standard for a job can be set and planning of work can be done
accordingly. Time studies can also be used for setting goals, data analysis and reporting..
Explain the mechanisms of internal loading of phosphorus in lakes.pdfrastogiarun
Explain the meaning of the following dimensionless numbers respectively.
Nu, Re, Pr, Gr
Solution
Nusselt number (Nu) is a non dimensional heat transfer coefficient. It is a measure of heat
transfer rate comparison between the conduction and convection.
Nu = h*L / kf
It is the ratio of convection to pure conduction heat transfer, where kf is the conductivity of the
fluid.
Reynolds number (Re) says, whether the flow is inertial or viscous force dominant that leads to
draw characteristics of fluid whether the flow is laminar or turbulent.
Re = v*L / kinematic viscosity
It is the ratio of the inertia and viscous forces.
Viscous force provides the dampening effect for disturbances in the fluid.
If dampening is laminar flow --> strong enough
Otherwise, instability è turbulent flow --> critical Reynolds number
Prandtl (Pr) number says about the kind of fluid. It can give the information about the thickness
of thermal and hydrodynamic boundary layer.
Pr = kinematic viscosity/thermal diffusivity
It is the ratio of the momentum and thermal diffusivities.
Grashof number is the ratio of buoyancy force to viscous force and plays nearly the same role as
the Reynolds number in forced convection.
Gr = buoyancy force / viscous force
For forced convection, the heat transfer correlation can be expressed as Nu=f (Re, Pr).
Explain the main porpose of conducting a time studySolutionTi.pdfrastogiarun
Explain the long-run consequences of continued increases in the money supply.
Solution
This follows from the Fisher\'s equation of exchange. According to this,
MV = PY
P= MV/Y
In classical theory, V is assumed to be constant because it depends on people\'s stable habits of
holding money and the given modes of payments of wages and salaries.
Further they assume that aggregate output (Y) remain constant at full employment level. The
above equation indicates that the quantity of money in the long run determines the price level.
The rationale behind this was with V and Y fixed, increase in money supply would cause people
to hold more money than they desire to hold. This they use for transaction purposes which leads
to increase in the price level by the same proportion..
Explain the environmental triggers that forces companies to adopt su.pdfrastogiarun
Explain the effects of a tariff and a quota placed on imported automobiles on a domestic market.
Who is hurt with a tariff or a quota and why? Who benefits and why?
Solution
Let us first understand the meaning of “Tariff” and “Quota”.
1) Tariff: A Tariff is a tax imposed on imported goods; it increases the price of the good in the
domestic market by the value of the Tariff. Domestic producers benefit due to the tariff because
they receive higher prices. The government benefits by collecting tax revenues by the value of
the Tariff.
2) Quota: As the name suggests, Quotas are numerical limits imposed on imported goods.
Consumers are harmed by quotas, while domestic and foreign producers benefit by receiving
higher prices.
As we can understand from the above explanations, due to a tariff and quota the consumer of the
product is hurt the most as he/she pays more for it and it also reduces the supply of that good.
The domestic producers of the goods benefit the most due to tariffs and quotas. Due to the tariff
the imported good becomes expensive and hence consumers will shift their demand for the
domestically made products and this increases the demand for the domestically made products
and the domestic manufacturers benefit. Due to the quotas, the supply of the imported good
decreases and again the domestic manufacturers benefit due to the higher demand of their
products. Due to a tariff, the government also benefits because the government receives taxes on
the imported product.
I hope my solution solves your query..
Explain the distinction between the standard deviation and the stand.pdfrastogiarun
Explain the disadvantages of a firm developing relationships with suppliers based on price alone.
Solution
Supply chain suffers: Enlightened thinking suggests that it is preferable to work with suppliers to
add value to the supply chain so that the overall benefits that accrue can be shared amongst all
the parties involved.
Loss of quality: Quality may be compromised in a quest for the lowest price.
Adversarial: The relationship between a firm and its suppliers may become quite adversarial
when discussions are centred on price alone.
Loss of goodwill: The potential loyalty, cooperation and goodwill of suppliers may be
sacrificedthrough harsh negotiation of prices. This may result in an unwillingness of suppliers to
cooperate when there are changes and rush orders, etc. in the future.
Jeopardised supply: Harsh price negotiations may also destabilise suppliers financially making
them more vulnerable to going out of business, so potentially jeopardising future supply.
Administrative expense: Focusing on the lowest price available might lead to a need to
frequently change supplier causing increased administrative effort and a lack of coherence in
external dealings..
Explain the different types of workforce flexibility that an organis.pdfrastogiarun
Explain the different types of planning for the different levels of management?
Solution
First of all planning is a process that give me the status where the organization want to be.
For senior managment you can found a Strategy Planning based in the following steps:
1.Misi.
Explain age Hardening process used to strengthen an aluminium alloy .pdfrastogiarun
Explain age Hardening process used to strengthen an aluminium alloy diving cylinder
Solution
Precipitation hardening, or age hardening, provides one of the most widely used mechanisms for
the strengthening of metal alloys. The fundamental understanding and basis for this technique
was established in early work at the U. S. Bureau of Standards on Duralumin.
The strength and hardness of some metal alloys may be enhanced by the formation of extremely
small uniformly dispersed second-phase particles within the original phase matrix in a process
known as precipitation or age hardening. The precipitate particles act as obstacles to dislocation
movement and thereby strengthen the heat-treated alloys. Many aluminum based alloys, copper-
tin, certain steels, nickel based super-alloys and titanium alloys can be strengthened by age
hardening processes.
The precipitation-hardening process involves three basic steps:
1).
Explain the difference between total solids (TS), total suspended so.pdfrastogiarun
Explain the difference between the null and alternate hypothesis. Why is it important to consider
type 1 and type 2 errors with respect to hypothesis testing?
Solution
In a hypothesis test, we first figure out what the null hypothesis is (which we also
assume to be true initially, until we can prove it wrong otherwise). We then create our alternate
hypothesis from that (the thing we want to \"prove right\"). Remember you will be testing the
true/population mean/variance, etc. and not the sample mean, etc. If we fail to reject the null
hypothesis, then we can only say that we do not have enough evidence to support the alternate
hypothesis. Why is it important to consider type 1 and type 2 errors with respect to hypothesis
testing? The alternative hypothesis - This is the reason a criminal is arrested. Obviously the
police don\'t think the arrested person is innocent or they wouldn\'t arrest him. In statistics the
alternative hypothesis is the hypothesis the researchers wish to evaluate. The null hypothesis - In
the criminal justice system this is the presumption of innocence. In both the judicial system and
statistics the null hypothesis indicates that the suspect or treatment didn\'t do anything. In other
words, nothing out of the ordinary happened The null is the logical opposite of the alternative.
For example \"not white\" is the logical opposite of white. Colors such as red, blue and green as
well as black all qualify as \"not white\". A standard of judgment - In the justice system and
statistics there is no possibility of absolute proof and so a standard has to be set for rejecting the
null hypothesis. In the justice system the standard is \"a reasonable doubt\". The null hypothesis
has to be rejected beyond a reasonable doubt. In statistics the standard is the maximum
acceptable probability that the effect is due to random variability in the data rather than the
potential cause being investigated. This standard is often set at 5% which is called the alpha
level. A data sample - This is the information evaluated in order to reach a conclusion. As
mentioned earlier, the data is usually in numerical form for statistical analysis while it may be in
a wide diversity of forms--eye-witness, fiber analysis, fingerprints, DNA analysis, etc.--for the
justice system. However in both cases there are standards for how the data must be collected and
for what is admissible. Both statistical analysis and the justice system operate on samples of data
or in other words partial information because, let\'s face it, getting the whole truth and nothing
but the truth is not possible in the real world. It only takes one good piece of evidence to send a
hypothesis down in flames but an endless amount to prove it correct. If the null is rejected then
logically the alternative hypothesis is accepted. This is why both the justice system and statistics
concentrate on disproving or rejecting the null hypothesis rather than proving the alternative. It\'s
much easier .
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
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The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
Explain the functions of the formal and informal organizationsand .pdf
1. Explain the functions of the formal and informal organizations
and explain why grapevine could cause damages in a business?
Solution
The functions of Formal Organization are:
1. Achievement of the Organizational Goals
2. To assign each individual a specific job
3. To assign a fixed authority or decison-making power.
4. To create superior and sub-ordinate relation.
5. To create a scalar chain of communication in the organisation.
6. Systematic division of work to eliminate duplication and overlapping of work.
7. Co-ordinating the activities of various departments.
The functions of Informal Organization are:
1. Give psychological satisfaction to employees.
2. Provide each member with the sympathetic type of human consideration which supports his
self-image and his personal integrity.
3. Provide simultaneously the climate for experiments with new methods of work.
4. Preserving group integrity.
5. Informal organisations help in solving the work problems of members.
6. Informal group acts to fill up the communication gaps of its members.
Grapevine means the the informal transmission of information, gossip or rumor from person to
person. Informal communication is a process through which unofficial information is spread by
people talking to each other. The informal network is thefastest communication method but it
spreads rumor, untrue and distorted information and for which theobjective of the organization
goes in vain.
When the employees fail to understand any message, they try toexplain in their own way.
Thus they can create and spread distorted information.
If the sender sends any untrue message being inattentive, the receiver islikely to treat the
message to be true and accordingly he informs others; hence false informationspreads
unconsciously.
There are some people who spread rumors intentionally to get cheap praise fromthe people.
Such intention distorts the real message.
In this way, Grapevine cause damages to the business.
