Experimental Method of Research

1. Experimental Method

2. Experimental Method
 It focuses the study on the
future (what will be) when the
variables are carefully
controlled or manipulated.

3.  It involves the 7Ms of resources
(manpower, money, materials, methods, machinery,
moment, and marketing).
 Unlike descriptive research, outputs of experimental
research can be patented because they can be
commercialized.

4.  In conducting experiment,
trial-and-error method is
applied, especially if the
study is novel.

5. Types of Experimental Research
1. Single-group design
2. Two-group design
3. Two-pair group design
4. Three-group design
5. Parallel-group design
6. Counterbalance or Latin square design
7. Complete randomized design (CRD)
8. Randomized complete block design (RCBD)
9. Correlation design

6. 1. Single-Group Design
This design involves one treatment with
two or more levels.
It is univariate analysis because there is
only one variable but with two or more
levels.

7. Effect on the Yield of Koi Cultured in Aquaria When
Different Levels of Shrimp Meal Are Used as
Supplemental Feed
Shrimp Meal
Treatment (T)
Yield of Koi (kg)
Replications
1 2 3
T1 (10%) x x x
T2 (15%) x x x
T3 (20%) x x x

8. 2. Two-Group Design
 This design has two comparable groups
employed as control and experimental groups
or two groups that are both experimental
groups.
 It is bivariate analysis because it has two
variables.

9. Illustration 1:
Acceptability of Pork Siopao and Milkfish Bones Siopao
Flavor Acceptability
Panelists Pork Siopao
(Control Group)
Milkfish Bones Siopao
(Experimental Group)
1 x x
2 x x
3 x x
4 x x
5 x x
6 x x
7 x x
8 x x
9 x x

10. Illustration 2:
Effect of Shrimp Meal and Bread Meal as Supplemental
Feeds for Catfish Cultured in Fishpond
Weight of Catfish (kg)
Shrimp Meal
(Experimental Group)
Bread Meal
(Experimental Group)
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x

11. Illustration 3:
Effectiveness of Teaching Mathematics using the
Traditional and Modern Methods to Grade 7 Students in
Certain Private Schools in Dipolog City
Methods of Teaching Mathematics
Grade 7 Pupils
Traditional
(Control Group)
Score
Modern
(Experimental Group)
Score
1 x x
2 x x
3 x x
4 x x
5 x x
6 x x
7 x x
8 x x

12. 3. Two-Pair Group Design
 This design is an extension of the two-group
design wherein there is one pair of control
group and one pair of experimental group.

13. Illustration 1:
General Acceptability of Ube Ice Cream and Mango Ice Cream
(Control Group) and Seaweed Ice Cream and Squash Ice
Cream (Experimental Group)
Ice Cream
Panelists Ube Mango
(Control Groups)
Seaweed Squash
(Experimental Groups)
1 x x x x
2 x x x x
3 x x x x
4 x x x x
5 x x x x
6 x x x x
7 x x x x
8 x x x x

14. Illustration 2:
Yield of Lettuce Planted in Pots Using Organic and
Inorganic Fertilizers
Lettuce Weight (kg)
Inorganic Fertilizers
1 2
(Control Groups)
Organic Fertilizers
3 4
(Experimental Groups)
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x

15. Illustration 3:
Effectiveness of Teaching Science Using Two Traditional
Methods and Two Modern Methods
Methods of Teaching Science
Grade 12
Students
Traditional
(Control Groups)
X1 X2
Modern
(Experimental Groups)
X3 X4
1 x x x x
2 x x x x
3 x x x x
4 x x x x
5 x x x x
6 x x x x
7 x x x x
8 x x x x

16. 4. Three-Group Design
 In this design, there are three groups of
independent variables.

17. Illustration 1:
Effect of Using Hanging Method, Staking Method, and
Broadcasting Method in Culturing Mussel in Brackish
Waters of Dipolog Bay and Its Vicinities
Methods of Culturing Mussel
Research
Stations
Hanging
Weight (kg)
Staking
Weight (kg)
Broadcasting
Weight (kg)
1 x x x
2 x x x
3 x x x
4 x x x
5 x x x

18. Illustration 2:
Effectiveness of Teaching Physics Using Discovery Approach,
Unstructured Approach, and Laboratory Method to Grade 12
Students at the Western Visayas College of Science and
Technology
Methods of Teaching Physics
Grade 12
Students
Discovery Approach Unstructured
Approach
Laboratory
Approach
1 x x x
2 x x x
3 x x x
4 x x x
5 x x x
6 x x x

19. 5. Parallel Group Design
 This type of experimental design consists of
three or more groups wherein one group is the
control group with two or more experimental
groups.

20. Illustration 1:
Effectiveness of Culturing Grouper Plectropomus Maculatus in
Fish Cages Using Pellets, Bread Meal, Shrimp Meal, and Fish
Meal as Supplemental Feeds
Supplemental Feeds
Research
Stations
Pellets
(Control Group)
Wt. (kg)
Bread Meal Shrimp Meal Fish Meal
(Experimental Groups)
Wt. (kg) Wt. (kg) Wt. (kg)
1 x x x x
2 x x x x
3 x x x x
4 x x x x
5 x x x x
6 x x x x
7 x x x x

21. Illustration 2:
Effect of Planting Palay Using Inorganic Fertilizer, Night Soil,
and Chicken Dung as Organic Fertilizers
Research Stations
Inorganic Fertilizer
(Control Group)
Wt. (kg)
Organic Fertilizers
Night Soil Chicken Dung
Wt. (kg) Wt. (kg)
1 x x x
2 x x x
3 x x x
4 x x x
5 x x x
6 x x x
7 x x x
8 x x x

22. Illustration 3:
Effectiveness of Teaching Mathematics Using a Traditional
Method and Two Modern Methods to Grade 7 Students at the
Iloilo Central Elementary School
Methods of Teaching Mathematics
Grade 7
Students
Traditional
(Control Group)
Modern Method 1 Modern Method 2
(Experimental Groups)
1 x x x
2 x x x
3 x x x
4 x x x
5 x x x
6 x x x
7 x x x

23. 6. Counterbalanced or Latin Square
Design
 This design is also called rotation design.
 It involves two or more treatments taken by the
subjects during the experiment.

24. Illustration 1:
Yield of Culturing Kappaphycus Using Four Methods in
Four Research Stations in the Marine Waters in Guimaras
Island
K1 K2 K3 K4
K2 K3 K4 K1
K3 K4 K1 K2
K4 K1 K2 K3
M1 M2 M3
M4
RS
1
RS
4
RS
2
RS
3

25. Illustration 2:
Effectiveness of Teaching Chemistry Using Three Methods of
Teaching Under Three Instructors to Three Groups of BS
Chemistry Students at the University of Santo Tomas
S1 S2 S3
S2 S3 S1
S3 S1 S2
M1 M2 M3
I1
I2
I3

26. 7. Complete Randomized Design (CRD)
 This is a design in which the test plants or test
animals is studied once but subsequent treatment
is applied to determine the cause of change.
 There is no control in this design but the subjects
will undergo randomized procedure.

27. Illustration:
Yield of Culturing Catfish Using Shrimp Meal as
Supplemental Feed in the Fishpond
Percent (%) Supplemental
Feed Per Compartment
Sampling
1 2 3 4 5
1 (10%) x x x x x
2 (12%) x x x x x
3 (15%) x x x x x

28. 8. Randomized Complete Block
Design (RCBD)
 This experimental design uses a group of test
plants and test animals as subjects of the study
which are studied once but subsequent
treatments applied are replicated to determine the
cause of change.
 There is no control in this design but the subjects
undergo randomization process.

29. Illustration:
Effect of Culturing Prawn in Fishpond Using Fish Meal,
Bread Meal, Shrimp Meal, and Fish Silage as
Supplemental Feeds
Supplemental Feeds Replications
1 2 3
Fish Meal x x x
Bread Meal x x x
Shrimp Meal x x x
Fish Silage x x x

30. 9. Correlation Design
 This experimental design is used to determine the
relationship between two dependent variables, X
and Y, on how they are manipulated by the
independent variable.

31. Illustration:
Relationship Between the Weight (X) and Length (Y)
of Mud Crab in the Fishpond Using Bread Meal as
Supplemental Feed
Mud Crab
Weight (X)
(gram)
Length (Y)
(centimeter)
1 x x
2 x x
3 x x
4 x x
5 x x
6 x x

32. Prepared by:
Lorena M. Sohon, LPT
Reference:
Research and Thesis Writing (2016)
By Laurentina Paler-Calmorin, PhD