Systemic Functional Grammar

2. Experiential Meta-function:
• To encode your expressions.
• Experience can be encoded by 3 things:
Things
Events (Code category) (verbal group etc.)
Circumstances
• Process is core primary part of clause.
• What does what to whom under what circumstances?

3. Possibilities:
• Participant + Process + Circumstances
• Participant + Process
• Participant + Process + Participant
• Participant + Process + Projected clause
• Participant + Process + Participant + Projected Clause
• Process

4. Types:
Doing – They describe the expression/ action in outside the brain.
Projecting – Whatever happens inside the brain .e.g. thinking etc.
Being – They just describe the ‘being words’.
Doing Material Behavioral
Projecting Mental Verbal
Being Existential Relational

5. Material:
Used to encode the experiences in external material world.
Participants
• Actor  Doer of action
• Goal  Thing affected by the process
• Range  Thing unaffected by the process
• Beneficiary  For whom the action is taken
Recipient  The one who receive s the outcome of action
Client  The one, for whom the action is done.

6. Examples:
He goes to market.
The house was on fire.
She smelled the roses.
I wrote a letter to a friend.
He goes To market
Actor Process: Material Goal
The house was On fire
Actor Process: Material Circumstance
She Smelled The roses
Actor Process: Material Range
I wrote A letter To a friend
Actor Process: Material Goal Beneficiary:
Recipient

7. Behavioral:
To encode physical and psychological behavior.
Its is a bridge between material and mental.
Participants:
• Behaver  Doer of action
• Behavior  Compliment

8. Examples:
Tayyaba slept in the class.
She cried bitterly.
Tayyaba slept In the class
Behaver Process: Behavioral Circumstance
She cried bitterly
Behaver Process: Behavioral Behavior

9. Mental:
To encode the experiences of inner world of consciousness.
Participants:
• Sensor  Does of Action
• Phenomenon  which explain process

10. Examples:
Hania knows the answer.
I know what you are talking about.
Hania knows The answer
Sensor Process: Mental Phenomenon
I know What you are talking
about
Sensor Process: Mental Phenomenon

11. Verbal:
To bring inner world outside.
Participants:
• Sayer  Doer of action
• Receiver  Addressee of speech
• Target  Object of the talk
• Verbiage  Equal to phenomenon, what is said

12. Examples:
She said what she had to say.
‘’What are you doing?’’, I asked him.
I appreciate your intelligence.
She said What she had to say
Sayer Process: Verbal Verbiage
‘’what are you
doing?’’
I asked him
Verbiage Sayer Process: Verbal Receiver
I appreciate Your intelligence
Sayer Process: Verbal Target

13. Existential:
To set up the existence of something.
Participants:
Existent  Existing object

14. Examples:
It is a laptop.
There is a room in the corner.
is A laptop
Process: Existential Existent
is A room In the corner
Process: Existential Existent Circumstance

15. Relational:
To develop a relationship between two participants.
Participants:
Relational Attributive Process  Relates a participant to its attributes
Carrier  who carries the attributes
Attribute  They will be indefinite
Relational Identifying Process  Relates a participant to its identity
Identified  who is being identified
Identifier  The identity will be identified
It allows to take a function and have to identify the form.
Token  form
Value  Function

16. Examples:
She remains silent.
The room on the right is your office.
The red light represents stop.
she remains silent
Carrier Process: R.A.P Attribute
The room on the right is Your office
Identifier Process: R.I.P Identified
The red light represents stop
Token Process: R.I.P Value