IPv6 deployment experience in Japan has uncovered several key issues: 1. Early mobile networks using IPv4 experienced congestion due to limited wireless bandwidth, but IPv6 has alleviated this by allowing more efficient use of network resources. 2. Mobile carriers in Japan have taken two approaches to IPv6 deployment - some use NAT/firewalls to preserve wireless resources and protect users, while others offer a separate "pure IPv6" service for a fee. 3. A successful IPv6 rollout requires addressing challenges across many aspects of network operations, backend systems, customer support, and device compatibility to ensure a smooth transition.

1. Experience of
IPv6 Introduction in Japan
Part 2
- SoftBank Corp.
- NTT DOCOMO Inc.
- KDDI Inc.
1
SGNOG5
5th Sep. 2017
Koji Yasukagawa
Takashi Ito
Manabu Ito

2. Brief introduction our companies
2
Telcos in Japan
JaPan Network Information center
Allot IP address/ASN
Promoting Internet
(JPNIC)

3. Our Presentation - Agenda -
3
Part 1
25 min
Part 2
50 min
IPv6 deployment policy and
situation in World/APAC/Japan.
Current Internet Environment
and IPv6 status in Japan
Izumi Okutani
(JPNIC)
Koji Yasukagawa
(SoftBank)
Status of IPv6-based service
in Mobile Network
IPv6 deployment Experience
and user‘s behavior.
Manabu Ito
(KDDI)
Takashi Ito
(docomo)
1
2
3

4. Network Coverage in Japan
4
Broadband Coverage
MIC Report (2017)
http://www.soumu.go.jp/johotsusintokei/whitepaper/ja/h28/pdf/n5200000.pdf
Mobile Network Coverage
99.8%population based
99.98%

5. Mobile Market in Japan (2017)
NTT
docomo
KDDI
SoftBank
44.6%
29.4%
26.1%
http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000494106.pdf
5
2012 2014 2016
128%
123%
119%
113%
106%
100%
Mobile phone
Japanese Population: 127M
Market Share Penetration Rate

6. Network structure in Japan, in Fixed Internet
6
Internet
ISP
NGN
Fiber/copper
CATV ISP
Coax,Fiber NTT-Local
Rent Fiber
40SGD/mo

7. Network structure in Japan, in Mobile Internet
7
Internet
MVNO
Radio Access NW
MNO
9,800 SGD/10M/mo
* NTT docomo

8. Total Internet traffic in Japan (Estimated value)
8
0.6
0.8 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.7
2.3
2.9
4.6
6.9
9.6
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017
TotalTraffic[TB]
⊿+39%
Source: MIC

9. Per Subscriber traffic (Estimated value)
9
23.4
27.4 35.9 37.2 44.1 49.3
64.2
80.4
123.5
180.5
247.3
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017
Traffic[kB]
⊿+37%
[kB]
Source: MIC

10. Internet Usage by Device in Japan
10
MIC Report (2017)
http://www.soumu.go.jp/johotsusintokei/whitepaper/ja/h28/pdf/n5200000.pdf

11. IPv6 status
11

12. 12
0.80%
5.30%
12.60% 36.50%
55%
100% 100%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
KDDI (Fiber)
NGN (Fiber)
IPv6 status
http://v6pc.jp/
Mobile

13. Declared “IPv6 Mobile Launch”
2017
Only Limited user IPv6 for Every smart phone
IPv6 Service was
an option.
Customer need to order
IPv6.
Three Mobile carriers declared
“IPv6 default allocation” by Eo2017.
Allot IPv6 for Smartphone as default
13
• w/ Government encouragement
• Introduced IPv6 on our network.

14. All Mobile Co launch IPv6 by Eo2017
14
SoftBank (Mobile)
NTT docomo (Mobile)
KDDI au (Mobile)
2016 2017 2018 2019
2016 June
Launched
2017 May
Launched
Coming
soon
Fixed Internet (Launched)

15. COur Presentation - Agenda -
15
Part 1
25 min
Part 2
50 min
IPv6 deployment policy and
situation in World/APAC/Japan.
Current Internet Environment
and IPv6 status in Japan
Izumi Okutani
(JPNIC)
Koji Yasukagawa
(SoftBank)
Status of IPv6-based service
in Mobile Network
IPv6 deployment Experience
and user‘s behavior.
Manabu Ito
(KDDI)
Takashi Ito
(docomo)
1
2
3

16. Status of IPv6-based service
in Mobile Network
5/Sep/2017
NTT DOCOMO,INC
TAKASHI ITOH

17. 17ⓒNTT DOCOMO, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Table of contents
① Technical transition to IP network
② Overview of LTE network
③ Radio resources of mobile network

18. 18ⓒNTT DOCOMO, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The mainstream of the mobile network operated with ATM or STM.
Technical transition to IP network (2001)

19. 19ⓒNTT DOCOMO, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
3G-Packet Switch changed to IP network.
Technical transition to IP network (2004)

20. 20ⓒNTT DOCOMO, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The common channel signaling system was based on IP network, SS7
signal became IP connection.
Technical transition to IP network (2005)

21. 21ⓒNTT DOCOMO, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Technical transition to IP network (2006)
3G-Radio Access Network changed to IP network.

22. 22ⓒNTT DOCOMO, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Technical transition to IP network (2010)
3G-Circuit Switch changed to IP network.

23. 23ⓒNTT DOCOMO, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The service ended
in March 2012.
Technical transition to IP network (2017)

24. 24ⓒNTT DOCOMO, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
ISPISP
MME
SGW
MME
SGW SGSN
eNB
PGWPCRF
HSS
eNB
RNC
/NodeB
Handover / Mobility RAT Change
LTE area LTE area 3G area
User-Plane route
Control-Plane route
HSS : Home Subscriber Server
MME : Mobility Management Entity
SGW : Serving Gateway
PGW : PDN Gateway
PCRF : Policy and Charging Rules
Function
eNB : evolved Node B
Overview of LTE network (1)

25. 25ⓒNTT DOCOMO, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
PCRF
MME MME
SGSNSGW
ISPISP
PGW
192.168.0.1 192.168.0.1192.168.0.1
Even if terminals with the same
IP address exist in the same
area, communication can be
done.
SGW
User-Plane route
eNB eNB
The allocated IP address does
not change even if it moves
among ENBs
Overview of LTE network (2)

26. 26ⓒNTT DOCOMO, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Overview of LTE network (3)
BS
IP Packet
SGW
GTP header IP header
IP network
PGW
IP Packet
eNB
Internal IP header
CP
IP network (IPv4/IPv6)
Mobile IP network

27. 27
IP
TCP
HTTP
L1
MAC
RLC
PDCP
L1
L2
IP
UDP
GTP-U
L1
L2
IP
UDP
GTP-U
L1
L2
IP
UDP
GTP-U
IP
L1
L2
IP
UDP
GTP-U
IP
TCP
HTTP
L1
MAC
RLC
PDCP
UE eNB SGW PGW ISP
TCP/IP
UDP/IP
(src./dst. SGW-PGW)
GTP-U
(Tunnel ID)
UDP/IP
(src./dst. eNB-SGW)
GTP-U
(Tunnel ID)
L1
L2
User-Plane protocol stack
IP network
(IPv4/IPv6)
Mobile
IP network
ⓒNTT DOCOMO, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Overview of LTE network (4)

28. 28ⓒNTT DOCOMO, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Control-Plane protocol stack
L1
L2
IP
SCTP
Diameter
L1
L2
IP
SCTP
Diameter
MME HSS
S6a
L1
L2
IP
SCTP
S1AP
L1
L2
IP
SCTP
S1AP
eNB MME
S1-
MME
L1
L2
IP
UDP
GTP-C
L1
L2
IP
UDP
GTP-C
SGW PGW
S5
L1
L2
IP
UDP
GTP-C
S11
L1
L2
IP
UDP
GTP-C
Overview of LTE network (5)

29. 29ⓒNTT DOCOMO, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Mobile IP networks are not the same
as ordinary IP networks.
Overview of LTE network (6)

30. 30ⓒNTT DOCOMO, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Radio resources of mobile network (1)
Radio resources ＝ Limited resources
To make effective use of limited radio resources,
the resources are released automatically
when disconnecting.
BS SGW PGWeNB InternetMME
Radio resources aren’t
assigned when disconnecting.
Connection Status.

31. 31ⓒNTT DOCOMO, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
UE eNB MME SGW PGW
S5 GTP-US1-UData Radio Bearer
S5 GTP-CS11 GTP-CS1-MMERRC
NAS (EMM-Reg, ECM-Conn)
IP
S5 GTP-US1-UData Radio Bearer
S5 GTP-CS11 GTP-CS1-MMERRC
NAS (EMM-Reg, ECM-Idle)
IP
Comparison between the connected and disconnected states.
ConnectedNotconnected
User-Plane
Control-Plane
User-Plane
Control-Plane
Radio resources of mobile network (2)

32. 32ⓒNTT DOCOMO, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
When doing the following action, the terminal transits to the connected
state.
1. Operation of applications by users.
2. Incoming mail.
3. Background communication.(at the fixed time/at regular intervals)
4. Turning on screen.
※ The connection from the network to the terminal is often
concentrated.
Radio resources of mobile network (3)

33. LTE
3G
Status of IPv6-based service in NTT DOCOMO,INC
i-mode
IPv4 Server
Feature phones Smartphones Data
communication
dedicated terminal
IPv4(Private address)
IPv6-based service started on May 25 in some facilities.
IPv6 Server
ⓒNTT DOCOMO, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
mopera U
Corresponding
equipment
IoT Server
IoT GW
IoT terminal
IPv4IPv6IPv4(Global address)IPv6(Global address)
Smartphones
sp-mode
Unsupported
equipment
33

34. Our Presentation - Agenda -
34
Part 1
25 min
Part 2
50 min
IPv6 deployment policy and
situation in World/APAC/Japan.
Current Internet Environment
and IPv6 status in Japan
Izumi Okutani
(JPNIC)
Koji Yasukagawa
(SoftBank)
Status of IPv6-based service
in Mobile Network
IPv6 deployment Experience
and user‘s behavior.
Manabu Ito
(KDDI)
Takashi Ito
(docomo)
1
2
3

35. IPv6 deployment experience and user‘s
behavior
5/Sep/2017
KDDI CORPORATION
Manabu ITO

36. Global IPv4
3G(early stage) smart phones (by 2010)
The Internet
Some users feel
dissatisfaction with their
Internet speeds
due to the congestion of
wireless links.
Malicious
users
Wireless bandwidth is
not high.
(Maximum 9.2Mbps)
Global IPv4 Address
3G Network
36

37. 3G~4G smart phones (by 2011)
The Internet
A lot of users feel
satisfaction with their
Internet speed !
Malicious usersWe introduced NAT
in order to prevent
IPv4 address
exhaustion.
This result in IP
address-based
filtering.
NAT
Private IPv4
3G/LTE Network
Private IPv4 Address

38. 4G smart phones (by 2017) | IPv6 assignment as default
Policy A. Policy B.
NAT
IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 IPv6
NAT FW
LTE Network LTE Network
The InternetThe Internet
IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 IPv6dual stack

39. 4G smart phones (by 2017) | IPv6 assignment as default
Policy A.
NAT
IPv4 IPv6
LTE Network
The Internet
nIn IPv6 networks, the NAT does
not need to be introduced
nOperators can build LTE networks
according to the End-to-End
arguments (which are design
concepts of the Internet)
l Networks should be kept as simple
as possible
l Security is managed by users at the
end point

40. 4G smart phones (by 2017) | IPv6 assignment as default
Policy B.
IPv4 IPv6
NAT FW
LTE Network
The Internet
nOperators introduce firewall
system
l To prevent the congestions of
wireless links
l To provide secure Internet access
to users

41. In the case of KDDI
Reason 2:
Users can use pure IPv6
access (where there is no
FW) by subscribing a extra
fee-based service “LTE NET
for DATA.”
We selected Policy B for
wireless resources
preservation and user
protection.
IPv4 IPv6
LTE Network
IPv4 IPv6
NAT FW
LTE Network
The Internet
Global IPv4 address
No FW
Reason 1:
Most users do not install
security software.

42. IPv6 infrastructure deployment in different cellular operators
KDDI
“A Case for Faster Mobile Web in Cellular IPv6 Networks”
https://www.akamai.com/us/en/multimedia/documents/technical-publication/a-case-for-faster-mobile-web-in-cellular-ipv6-networks.pdf

43. IPv6 deployment issue
OpS,
Service
Core
NW
UE
Interoperability
Handset
Renovation
Core NW
Backend IT
system
Dev
Internal EducationCustomer Support Outlet System
Child protection Filter
Subscription
Management
Auth
Log
Billing
Test
Chg/Qlty
Mgmt
OS
VerUp
Security
Build Core NW
Roaming IoT
Investigation
43
Contents IPv6 Support Change system Billing

44. Our Goal
• Migration of contents to IPv6 is important to increase IPv6
usage and efficient cost management.
44
Today Goal
Contents
Mobile
Network
Handset IPv4 IPv6
IPv4
IPv6
IPv4
IPv6
IPv6
IPv6
IPv6

45. Questions ?
45

46. Thank you
46
Koji Yasukagawa koji.yasukagawa@g.softbank.co.jp
Takashi Ito itoutakas@nttdocomo.com
Manabu Ito mn-itou@kddi.com
Izumi Okutani izumi@nic.ad.jp