Gaiax Co. Ltd. is a Japanese company founded in 1999 that conducts research and development into blockchain and distributed ledger technologies. It has established subsidiaries in Singapore and the Philippines and has offices in several Japanese cities. Gaiax is involved in various blockchain projects including Trust Dock, an open source blockchain platform, and XStartup, an accelerator program for blockchain startups. The document discusses Gaiax's history and organizational structure and provides an overview of its technical research areas which include decentralized applications, identity management, and peer-to-peer networks.