This document discusses several key concepts in child and adolescent development, including: - The nature vs nurture debate as it relates to factors like obesity, intelligence, personality, and more. - Theories of continuity vs discontinuity in development. - Common developmental stages from prenatal to older adulthood. - Whether personality is stable or changes over time through social and environmental influences. The document provides examples and definitions for many theoretical issues in human growth and development.

1. ED101
Reported by: Apple Grace F. Diaz
The Child and Adolescent Learning Principles

2. • Identify the different theoretical
issues on human development and
siting its examples

6. Obesity
N A T U R E V S N U R T U R E

7. Intelligence
N A T U R E V S N U R T U R E

8. Personality
N A T U R E V S N U R T U R E

9. Leisure Preferences
N A T U R E V S N U R T U R E

10. Occupation
N A T U R E V S N U R T U R E

11. Criminal Acts
N A T U R E V S N U R T U R E

12. Homoexuality
N A T U R E V S N U R T U R E

13. Continuity and Discontinuity (Stages)
Continuity
• Development is a relatively smooth
process, without sharp or distinct
stages, through which an individual
mustpass
• Development is a matter of
quantity; the older the child is the
moreskilltheydevelop
Discontinuity
• Development is a series of discreet
strategies, each of which is
characterized by at least one task
that an individual must accomplish
beforeprogressingtothenextstage.
• Children pass through critical
periodsindevelopment.
• The first five years of life - language
acquisition. Children have an easier
timelearning differentlanguages than
adults.

14. Example: As children grown in height,
they also tend to display more of certain
skills as they grow older.
Example: One day they are a child, the
next they are a teenager.

17. Developmental Stages
As you might imagine, developmental psychologists often break down development according to various
phases of life. Each of these periods of development represents a time when different milestones are typically
achieved. People may face particular challenges at each point, and developmental psychologists can often
help people who might be struggling with problems to get back on track.
Prenatal
Psychologists may look at how primary reflexes emerge before birth, how fetuses respond to stimuli in the
womb, and the sensations and perceptions that fetuses are capable of detecting prior to birth.
Early Childhood
Developmental psychologists look at things such as the physical, cognitive, and emotional growth that takes
place during this critical period of development.
Middle Childhood
This period of development is marked by both physical maturation and the increased importance of social
influences as children make their way through elementary school.
Adolescence
The teenage years are often the subject of considerable interest as children experience the psychological
turmoil and transition that often accompanies this period of development. Psychologists such as Erik Erikson
were especially interested in looking at how navigating this period leads to identity formation.
Early Adulthood
This period of life is often marked by forming and maintaining relationships. Critical milestones during
early adulthood may include forming bonds, intimacy, close friendships, and starting a family.
Middle Adulthood
This stage of life tends to center on developing a sense of purpose and contributing to society.
Older Adults
The senior years are often viewed as a period of poor health, yet many older adults are capable of remaining
active and busy well into their 80s and 90s.

19. Stability and Change
Stability
• The belief that personality traits
developed in the first five years
adulttpersonality.
• Some aspects of temperament of
temperament, such as energy level
and outgoingness, seem relatively
stable
Change
• Personalities are modified through
interactions with family,
experiences at school, and
acculturation.
• Social attitudes usually changes a
great deal from childhood to
adulthood.

20. A young child that is shy will remain shy
through adulthood.
Stability
Personalities are modified through interactions with family,
experiences at school, and acculturation. Social attitudes
usually change a great deal from childhood to adulthood.
Change

21. Stability
Change