Evolution
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Evolution is a gradual process where organisms change over time, often becoming better adapted to their environment. Charles Darwin argued that natural selection and survival of the fittest drive evolution, where organisms better suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more. According to Darwin, traits like organs that go unused will shrink over time through this process. Lamarck also theorized that acquired traits from not using body parts could be inherited, citing the long necks of giraffes as an example of adaptation over generations.
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Charles Darwin was a British biologist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection, proposing that species evolved over generations through a process of natural selection. His 1859 book On the Origin of Species established evolution by means of natural selection as the main mechanism of evolution. Darwin's theory revolutionized scientific thought and helped explain the diversity of life.
Evolution-summary
The document discusses several historical theories of evolution, including theories of special creation, spontaneous generation, transmutation, use and disuse, and need. It provides examples of how each theory attempted to explain observed phenomena like the development of long necks in giraffes and elongated bodies in snakes. However, these early theories were unable to fully explain the diversity of life and inheritance of traits between generations. The document introduces Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection as able to explain these aspects of evolution.
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Natural Selection
Natural selection is the process by which organisms with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and pass on those traits, while organisms with less advantageous traits are less likely to survive and reproduce. It occurs through four main steps: 1) variation between individuals, 2) competition for limited resources, 3) survival of the fittest, and 4) reproduction of survivors. This process led giraffes to evolve from short-necked ancestors to the long-necked giraffes of today through preferential survival of longer-necked individuals over generations.
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Charles Darwin was a British biologist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection, proposing that species evolved over generations through a process of natural selection. His 1859 book On the Origin of Species established evolution by means of natural selection as the main mechanism of evolution. Darwin's theory revolutionized scientific thought and helped explain the diversity of life.
Evolution-summary
The document discusses several historical theories of evolution, including theories of special creation, spontaneous generation, transmutation, use and disuse, and need. It provides examples of how each theory attempted to explain observed phenomena like the development of long necks in giraffes and elongated bodies in snakes. However, these early theories were unable to fully explain the diversity of life and inheritance of traits between generations. The document introduces Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection as able to explain these aspects of evolution.
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This document discusses different types of evidence that support the theory of evolution, including fossils, anatomical similarities, and DNA comparisons. Fossils provide evidence that organisms have changed over long periods of time as they are found in different rock layers. Similarities in anatomical structures and DNA between organisms indicate they share a common ancestor. Transitional fossils help fill in gaps in the fossil record and provide evidence of how organisms gradually evolved over generations.
U6 L1 Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
This document outlines Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. It discusses how Darwin was influenced by his observations on a voyage, including different finch species on the Galapagos Islands. Darwin proposed that organisms vary in traits, some traits help organisms survive and reproduce more successfully, and these traits become more common over generations through natural selection, resulting in evolution of species over time as they adapt to their environments.
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Natural selection is the process by which organisms with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and pass on those traits, while organisms with less advantageous traits are less likely to survive and reproduce. It occurs through four main steps: 1) variation between individuals, 2) competition for limited resources, 3) survival of the fittest, and 4) reproduction of survivors. This process led giraffes to evolve from short-necked ancestors to the long-necked giraffes of today through preferential survival of longer-necked individuals over generations.
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Evolution
Evolution is a gradual process where organisms change over time, often becoming more complex. Charles Darwin argued that natural selection and survival of the fittest drive evolution, where organisms better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on their traits. According to Darwin, traits that are not used tend to shrink over time through this process of natural selection and adaptation. Lamarck also argued that unused traits disappear over generations, using the example of giraffe necks lengthening as they adapted to reaching leaves on tall trees.
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Genes contain the instructions for inheritable traits and are passed from parents to offspring. A gene is a unit of heredity found on chromosomes that determines characteristics like appearance. Through the crossing of genes in monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, offspring inherit certain traits from their parents like eye color or blood type. Some genetic combinations can also result in inherited diseases being passed down.
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Evolution theories
1. Lamarck proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, which stated that traits acquired by organisms during their lifetime due to environmental factors could be passed on to offspring.
2. Examples Lamarck used included giraffes developing long necks from stretching to reach leaves and ducks developing webbed feet from swimming.
3. Darwin and Wallace later proposed the theory of natural selection, which explained evolution as occurring through heritable variations that provide individuals with an advantage in surviving and reproducing in their environment. Favored variations are passed on, while unfavored ones are selected against.
Theories of evolution
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck was the first evolutionist to believe that organisms change over time through his three theories: the Theory of Need, the Theory of Use and Disuse, and the Theory of Acquired Characteristics. He believed giraffes developed longer necks to reach tall trees and passed these traits to offspring. However, Charles Darwin later suggested natural selection as the mechanism of evolution, where traits that aid survival, like longer giraffe necks, are selected for and passed on, while less fit traits die out. Darwin observed variations in beak structures among Galapagos finches related to food availability.
Darwins concept
Darwins concept
He was born February 12th 1809
Darwin developed the biological theory of evolution that explains how modern organisms evolved over long periods of time through descent from common ancestors.
In 1831, he began a 5 year voyage on the HMS Beagle that would change his life.
Darwin thought about the patterns he’d seen on his voyage
He realized that there were many similarities between the animals he’d seen
There was evidence that suggested that species were not fixed and that they could change by some natural process
Proposed that the use or disuse of organs caused organisms to gain or lose traits over time.
These new characteristics could be passed on to the next generation.
Lamarck’s hypotheses were incorrect in many ways
However, Lamarck was one of the first to:
Suggest that species are not fixed
Explain that evolution uses natural processes
Recognize that there is a link between an organism’s environment and its body structures
Lamarck’s work paved the way for later biologists, including Darwin
In 1798, Thomas Malthus noticed that people were being born faster than people were dying.
How this helped Darwin
He reasoned that what Malthus proposed for human populations also applied to all living things.
Struggle for Existence
From Malthus’ theory of supply and demand, Darwin reasoned that if more individuals are produced than can survive, they will have to compete for food, living space and other necessities of life
Darwin described this as the struggle for existence
Individuals have natural variations among their inheritable traits
Fast predators capture prey more efficiently
Prey that are faster, better camouflaged or better protected avoid being caught.
Any heritable characteristic that increases an organisms ability to survive and reproduce in its environment is called an adaptation’’
Ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment is called FITNESS
Fitness is a result of adaptation
Good adaptations allow organisms to survive and are passed on to their offspring.
Good fitness: reproduce
Low fitness: few offspring/extinction
Lamarck and Darwin theory presentation
This document provides information on Lamarck and Darwin's theories of evolution. It describes Lamarck's theory as having three main postulates: the effect of the environment, use and disuse of organs, and the inheritance of acquired characteristics. It then gives examples and objections to Lamarck's theory. For Darwin's theory, it outlines the key features of overproduction, struggle for existence, variation and heredity, natural selection/survival of the fittest, and formation of new species. It concludes by listing some objections to Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.
Online assignment(1)
The document discusses the theory of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin. It explains key concepts in Darwin's theory, including natural selection, variation, struggle for existence, and evolution. Darwin observed variations among species such as different types of Galapagos finches. He proposed that natural selection preserves beneficial variations and eliminates harmful ones, leading to the evolution of new species over many generations. The theory helped explain the diversity of life on Earth.
Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck proposed a mechanism for how life changes ov.pdf
Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck proposed a mechanism for how life changes over time. Explain the
two principles of his mechanism. use and disuse inheritance of acquired characteristics
Although Lamarck\'s mechanism of evolution does not explain the changes in species over time,
his thinking has been influential. What is considered to be the great importance of his ideas?
Concept 22.2 Descent with modification by natural selection explains the adaptations of
organisms and the unity and diversity of life Charles Darwin proposed that the mechanism of
evolution is natural selection and that it explains how adaptations arise. What are adaptations?
Give two examples of adaptations.
Solution
Lamarck theorized early concepts of evolution. One of his principles \'use and disuse\' mentioned
that individuals lose the characteristics over time if they are not used and they gain
characteristics if they are used. If the organism started using a body part/organ more, then it
would develop more in the life time. He explained this with the example of giraffes where they
had to use their necks more to reach and eat the high placed leaves in the trees. This increased
use of their necks strengthened it and gradually increased its length. Example for the disuse of
organ - he mentioned about the appendix in humans which is not being used and is slowly
diminishing in size over time.
The second principle was Inheritance of acquired characteristics: This mentioned that the
changes in features and characteristics that were gained in the lifetime of an individual wil be
transmitted to the next generation offspring. he supported this too with the example of giraffes
mentioning that the long neck once acquired by a giraffe to reach high leaves, is transmitted to
the giraffe offspring..
Homologous Structures
The theory of evolution proposes that species change over time through the processes of mutation, adaptation, natural selection, and extinction. Genetic mutations may result in new traits being passed on to offspring, some of which can help organisms better survive and reproduce in their environment. Over many generations, species adapt as beneficial traits become more common through natural selection. If a species does not adapt to environmental changes, it risks extinction. Fossils, genetic similarities between species, the distribution of organisms, and anatomical evidence such as homologous structures provide scientific support for the theory of evolution.
Charles darwin
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was a British naturalist and biologist best known for his theory of evolution by natural selection. His theory proposed that all species of life have evolved over time from common ancestors through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Darwin argued that complex organs and systems could evolve step-by-step through numerous, successive, slight modifications over many generations from a simpler ancestral form. His theory revolutionized scientific thought and remains the foundation of modern biology.
The environment and change over time
Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection after observing variations in species on the Galapagos Islands. He noticed that tortoises, finches, and other animals had adapted to their environments over time through traits that improved their chances of survival, such as tortoises developing different neck lengths corresponding to the plants available on each island. Darwin's theory explained how evolution can occur gradually through natural selection acting upon heritable variations that increase organisms' likelihood of surviving and reproducing.
Evolution
This document discusses several key concepts and theories related to evolution:
1. It describes Lamarck's theory of evolution which proposed that acquired traits could be inherited. It notes this theory is no longer supported.
2. It summarizes Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, noting the key principles of overproduction, variation, adaptation, and natural selection.
3. It discusses Hugo de Vries' mutation theory which proposed evolution occurs through accumulation of mutations in genes.
4. It notes the modern synthesis combines Darwinian evolution through natural selection with Mendelian genetics.
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Evolution
Evolution is a gradual process where organisms change over time, often becoming more complex. Charles Darwin argued that natural selection and survival of the fittest drive evolution, where organisms better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on their traits. According to Darwin, traits that are not used tend to shrink over time through this process of natural selection and adaptation. Lamarck also argued that unused traits disappear over generations, using the example of giraffe necks lengthening as they adapted to reaching leaves on tall trees.
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This document discusses the origin and characteristics of the "Big Five" animals of Africa: the lion, elephant, buffalo, rhinoceros, and leopard. It explains that the term "Big Five" originated from big game hunters in the 19th-20th centuries who sought those five animals as trophies. It provides brief descriptions of each animal, noting that lions are considered the king of beasts, elephants are the largest land animal, buffalo are dangerous if encountered on foot, rhinos are prehistoric but threatened by poaching, and leopards are elusive but beautiful predators.
Presentation1
Genes contain the instructions for inheritable traits and are passed from parents to offspring. A gene is a unit of heredity found on chromosomes that determines characteristics like appearance. Through the crossing of genes in monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, offspring inherit certain traits from their parents like eye color or blood type. Some genetic combinations can also result in inherited diseases being passed down.
Doc2busos
El documento no contiene información que pueda resumirse en 3 oraciones o menos. No hay texto que analizar para generar un resumen conciso.
Common social networking features with facebook
People socialize on Facebook through games that allow friends to compete for bragging rights. Messaging allows direct private communication by sending pictures, videos, or messages. Posting is a more public way to share thoughts and updates with all friends by making posts visible on your profile page. Liking keeps you informed of new content friends add to their pages.
Biomass gasifier pune
This document describes Dr. Sudhir Puloria's invention of a biomass gasifier. The gasifier converts biomass/agricultural waste into a combustible gas called producer gas. It has two types - a simple natural gasifier priced at Rs. 8000 and a forced draft model priced at Rs. 15000. The gas can be used as a fuel to replace coal, kerosene, and electricity. The biomass gasifier provides sustainable energy access for rural communities and is a promising solution given India's depleting natural resources and increasing energy demand.
About mooc presentation
MOOCs are massive open online courses that are taught online to large numbers of students by professors through short video lectures and assignments. The first MOOC launched in 2008 and had over 2,200 students sign up. MOOCs provide equal access to education for anyone anywhere and allow students to take courses of their choice conveniently and for free using social networks, though only a small percentage of students typically complete the courses due to their large size and lack of direct interaction with instructors.
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Coach agile depuis plusieurs années, voici ma meilleure méthode connue pour développer des équipes agiles rayonnantes. Ceci vite et durablement.
Après une introduction à une stratégie pour devenir plus agile, nous découvrirons les multiples applications d'une technique éprouvée de Coaching Agile. Nous l'illustrerons par plusieurs exemples vécus dans des entreprises lyonnaises : réussir une avant-vente, répondre à une demande d'aidre, établir un contrat, définir un produit, booster une rétrospective, entretiens one-to-one, ateliers collaboratifs, résolution de conflits, etc.
Attention, la technique n'est pas une baguette magique, ça je ne l'ai pas encore trouvée. En attendant, il reste donc nécessaire d'accorder du temps pour aboutir au résultat espéré ainsi que de fournir des efforts de la part du demandeur. Celui qui l'utilise pourra pratiquer immédiatement avec des premiers bénéfices. Ensuite, plus il s'entrainera plus l'efficacité et la panoplie des occasions de l'utiliser se révélerons à lui, et cela pendant des années. ;)
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Comment devenir agile vite et durablement (avec Solution Focus)
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Similar to Evolution
Evolution theories
1. Lamarck proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, which stated that traits acquired by organisms during their lifetime due to environmental factors could be passed on to offspring.
2. Examples Lamarck used included giraffes developing long necks from stretching to reach leaves and ducks developing webbed feet from swimming.
3. Darwin and Wallace later proposed the theory of natural selection, which explained evolution as occurring through heritable variations that provide individuals with an advantage in surviving and reproducing in their environment. Favored variations are passed on, while unfavored ones are selected against.
Theories of evolution
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck was the first evolutionist to believe that organisms change over time through his three theories: the Theory of Need, the Theory of Use and Disuse, and the Theory of Acquired Characteristics. He believed giraffes developed longer necks to reach tall trees and passed these traits to offspring. However, Charles Darwin later suggested natural selection as the mechanism of evolution, where traits that aid survival, like longer giraffe necks, are selected for and passed on, while less fit traits die out. Darwin observed variations in beak structures among Galapagos finches related to food availability.
Darwins concept
Darwins concept
He was born February 12th 1809
Darwin developed the biological theory of evolution that explains how modern organisms evolved over long periods of time through descent from common ancestors.
In 1831, he began a 5 year voyage on the HMS Beagle that would change his life.
Darwin thought about the patterns he’d seen on his voyage
He realized that there were many similarities between the animals he’d seen
There was evidence that suggested that species were not fixed and that they could change by some natural process
Proposed that the use or disuse of organs caused organisms to gain or lose traits over time.
These new characteristics could be passed on to the next generation.
Lamarck’s hypotheses were incorrect in many ways
However, Lamarck was one of the first to:
Suggest that species are not fixed
Explain that evolution uses natural processes
Recognize that there is a link between an organism’s environment and its body structures
Lamarck’s work paved the way for later biologists, including Darwin
In 1798, Thomas Malthus noticed that people were being born faster than people were dying.
How this helped Darwin
He reasoned that what Malthus proposed for human populations also applied to all living things.
Struggle for Existence
From Malthus’ theory of supply and demand, Darwin reasoned that if more individuals are produced than can survive, they will have to compete for food, living space and other necessities of life
Darwin described this as the struggle for existence
Individuals have natural variations among their inheritable traits
Fast predators capture prey more efficiently
Prey that are faster, better camouflaged or better protected avoid being caught.
Any heritable characteristic that increases an organisms ability to survive and reproduce in its environment is called an adaptation’’
Ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment is called FITNESS
Fitness is a result of adaptation
Good adaptations allow organisms to survive and are passed on to their offspring.
Good fitness: reproduce
Low fitness: few offspring/extinction
Lamarck and Darwin theory presentation
This document provides information on Lamarck and Darwin's theories of evolution. It describes Lamarck's theory as having three main postulates: the effect of the environment, use and disuse of organs, and the inheritance of acquired characteristics. It then gives examples and objections to Lamarck's theory. For Darwin's theory, it outlines the key features of overproduction, struggle for existence, variation and heredity, natural selection/survival of the fittest, and formation of new species. It concludes by listing some objections to Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.
Online assignment(1)
The document discusses the theory of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin. It explains key concepts in Darwin's theory, including natural selection, variation, struggle for existence, and evolution. Darwin observed variations among species such as different types of Galapagos finches. He proposed that natural selection preserves beneficial variations and eliminates harmful ones, leading to the evolution of new species over many generations. The theory helped explain the diversity of life on Earth.
Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck proposed a mechanism for how life changes ov.pdf
Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck proposed a mechanism for how life changes over time. Explain the
two principles of his mechanism. use and disuse inheritance of acquired characteristics
Although Lamarck\'s mechanism of evolution does not explain the changes in species over time,
his thinking has been influential. What is considered to be the great importance of his ideas?
Concept 22.2 Descent with modification by natural selection explains the adaptations of
organisms and the unity and diversity of life Charles Darwin proposed that the mechanism of
evolution is natural selection and that it explains how adaptations arise. What are adaptations?
Give two examples of adaptations.
Solution
Lamarck theorized early concepts of evolution. One of his principles \'use and disuse\' mentioned
that individuals lose the characteristics over time if they are not used and they gain
characteristics if they are used. If the organism started using a body part/organ more, then it
would develop more in the life time. He explained this with the example of giraffes where they
had to use their necks more to reach and eat the high placed leaves in the trees. This increased
use of their necks strengthened it and gradually increased its length. Example for the disuse of
organ - he mentioned about the appendix in humans which is not being used and is slowly
diminishing in size over time.
The second principle was Inheritance of acquired characteristics: This mentioned that the
changes in features and characteristics that were gained in the lifetime of an individual wil be
transmitted to the next generation offspring. he supported this too with the example of giraffes
mentioning that the long neck once acquired by a giraffe to reach high leaves, is transmitted to
the giraffe offspring..
Homologous Structures
The theory of evolution proposes that species change over time through the processes of mutation, adaptation, natural selection, and extinction. Genetic mutations may result in new traits being passed on to offspring, some of which can help organisms better survive and reproduce in their environment. Over many generations, species adapt as beneficial traits become more common through natural selection. If a species does not adapt to environmental changes, it risks extinction. Fossils, genetic similarities between species, the distribution of organisms, and anatomical evidence such as homologous structures provide scientific support for the theory of evolution.
Charles darwin
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was a British naturalist and biologist best known for his theory of evolution by natural selection. His theory proposed that all species of life have evolved over time from common ancestors through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Darwin argued that complex organs and systems could evolve step-by-step through numerous, successive, slight modifications over many generations from a simpler ancestral form. His theory revolutionized scientific thought and remains the foundation of modern biology.
The environment and change over time
Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection after observing variations in species on the Galapagos Islands. He noticed that tortoises, finches, and other animals had adapted to their environments over time through traits that improved their chances of survival, such as tortoises developing different neck lengths corresponding to the plants available on each island. Darwin's theory explained how evolution can occur gradually through natural selection acting upon heritable variations that increase organisms' likelihood of surviving and reproducing.
Evolution
This document discusses several key concepts and theories related to evolution:
1. It describes Lamarck's theory of evolution which proposed that acquired traits could be inherited. It notes this theory is no longer supported.
2. It summarizes Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, noting the key principles of overproduction, variation, adaptation, and natural selection.
3. It discusses Hugo de Vries' mutation theory which proposed evolution occurs through accumulation of mutations in genes.
4. It notes the modern synthesis combines Darwinian evolution through natural selection with Mendelian genetics.
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3. While it was influential, Lamarckism was later disproven and replaced by modern evolutionary synthesis combining genetics and natural selection. Neo-Lamarckism revived some ideas incorporating new genetic findings.
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1) The document discusses several theories of evolution including Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, Darwin's theory of natural selection, and De Vries' mutation theory.
2) Lamarck believed that organisms could pass on traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring, such as giraffes passing on long necks. Weismann disproved this through experiments on mice.
3) Darwin's theory of natural selection proposed that variations arise in populations and individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and pass those traits to offspring, leading to the emergence of new species over time.
Evolution
The document discusses theories of evolution proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Charles Darwin. Lamarck believed that acquired traits could be inherited and that organisms adapt to environmental changes. Darwin proposed that organisms produce more offspring than resources can support, leading to a struggle for survival where natural selection favors organisms with beneficial traits that allow adaptation. The key differences are that Lamarck argued for inheritance of acquired traits while Darwin proposed adaptation occurs through natural selection of beneficial inherited traits.
Evolution1
The document discusses the history and key figures of the theory of evolution. It describes Charles Darwin's voyage on the HMS Beagle where he made observations on the Galapagos Islands that supported his theory of natural selection. It also mentions Alfred Russel Wallace and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck as early contributors to evolutionary thought. Finally, it provides definitions of primates, hominids, and lists examples of living and extinct species.
Darwinism and natural selection 7th zol.pptx
Darwin's three main principles of natural selection state that, in order for the process to occur, most characteristics in the population must be inherited, more offspring must be produced than can survive, and the fittest offspring must be more likely to survive and reproduce.In the mid-19th century, a man came up with a very powerful idea, the idea that species could change. Today, all the time, we hear about animals adapting, endangered species going extinct, viruses mutating. But in the 1800s, people conceptualized a much more static world. One man looked past all that. His name was Charles Darwin.
Darwin called his idea the theory of natural selection. Natural selection is defined as a natural process that results in the survival and reproduction of organisms with genetic traits best suited to their environment. A shorter (but no less accurate) definition might be "survival of the fittest." Within any population, the fittest individuals, or the ones who fit the environment best, usually survive and reproduce, passing on their genetic traits to future generations.
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Evolution
- 1. Evolution
- 2. What is evolution? "a gradual process in which something changes into a different and usually more complex or better form."
- 3. A theorist Charles Darwin argued that “ Evolution is a slow gradual process He spoke of natural selection The theorist also said that if an organ is not used it shrink he spoke of Adaptation And survival of he fittest
- 4. Natural selection The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action In a herd of rabbits, the fastest runners have a better chance of survival, and slower runners are hunted down and eliminated. As a result, this herd will consist of fast runners in a few generations' time.
- 5. Also a theorist Lamarck argued that “ if a body part is not used it shrink or disappear” he used giraffes to prove his theory, he says the reason behind giraffes long neck its because they want fresh leaves in he tip of the tress so they forever stretching their necks which they adapted in Genetic flow took place This is adaptation