The document discusses potential new infrastructures associated with distributed energy generation technologies. It outlines a paradigm shift where energy can be produced near where it is consumed rather than through a centralized power system. A case study examines how solar nanotechnologies can minimize energy loss. Finally, it explores how distributed generation could integrate with existing infrastructure through a combination of top-down smart grid approaches and bottom-up consumer adoption incentives.
Let's build a smarter planet energy and utilities ejcbmarcoux
In the 1880s, Nikola Tesla invented the 3-phase 60 Hz technology still used in the North American electrical grid, which was then commercialized by George Westinghouse, who was competing with Thomas Edison.
One hundred and twenty five years later, the Smart Grid aims to solve this 19th century problem using 21st century systems. And the 21st century itself brought a new set of challenges to be met: energy efficiency, integration of distributed and renewable energy, charging of electrical vehicles, pressure on costs, environmental concerns, and consumer expectations.
This conference will define what is a Smart Grid, outline its main objectives, present how it is being deployed, and discuss some on-going technological and societal challenges that the industry is facing.
Nowadays, it is well-understood that the burning of fossil fuels in electric power station has
a significant influence on the global climate due to greenhouse gases. In many countries,
the use of cost-effective and reliable low-carbon electricity energy sources is becoming an
important energy policy. Among different kinds of clean energy resources- such as solar
power, hydro-power, ocean wave power and so on, wind power is the fastest-growing form
of renewable energy at the present time.
Moreover, adjustable speed generator wind turbines (ASGWT) has key advantages over
the fixed-speed generator wind turbines (FSGWT) in terms of less mechanical stress, improved
power quality, high system efficiency, and reduced acoustic noise. One important
class of ASGWT is the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), which has gained a significant
attention of the electric power industry due to their advantages over the other class
of ASGWT, i.e. fully rated converter-based wind turbines. Because of increased integration
of DFIG-based wind farms into electric power grids, it is necessary to transmit the
generated power from wind farms to the existing grids via transmission networks without
congestion.
Series capacitive compensation of DFIG-based wind farm is an economical way to increase
the power transfer capability of the transmission line connecting wind farm to the
grid. For example, a study performed by ABB reveals that increasing the power transfer
capability of an existing transmission line from 1300 MW to 2000 MW using series
compensation is 90% less than the cost of building a new transmission line.
However, a factor hindering the extensive use of series capacitive compensation is the
potential risk of sub- synchronous resonance (SSR). The SSR is a condition where the wind farm exchanges energy with the electric network, to which it is connected, at one or more
natural frequencies of the electric or mechanical part of the combined system, comprising
the wind farm and the network, and the frequency of the exchanged energy is below the
fundamental frequency of the system. This phenomenon may cause severe damage in the
wind farm, if not prevented.
Therefore, this dissertation deals with the SSR phenomena in a capacitive series compensated
wind farm. A DFIG-based wind farm, which is connected to a series compensated
transmission line, is considered as a case study. The small-signal stability analysis of the
system is presented, and the eigenvalues of the system are obtained. Using both modal
analysis and time-domain simulation, it is shown that the system is potentially unstable
due to the SSR mode.
Then, three different possibilities for the addition of SSR damping controller (SSRDC)
are investigated. The SSRDC can be added to (1) gate-controlled series capacitor (GCSC),
(2) thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC), or (3) DFIG rotor-side converter (RSC)
and grid-side converter (GSC) controllers. The first and second c
Let's build a smarter planet energy and utilities ejcbmarcoux
In the 1880s, Nikola Tesla invented the 3-phase 60 Hz technology still used in the North American electrical grid, which was then commercialized by George Westinghouse, who was competing with Thomas Edison.
One hundred and twenty five years later, the Smart Grid aims to solve this 19th century problem using 21st century systems. And the 21st century itself brought a new set of challenges to be met: energy efficiency, integration of distributed and renewable energy, charging of electrical vehicles, pressure on costs, environmental concerns, and consumer expectations.
This conference will define what is a Smart Grid, outline its main objectives, present how it is being deployed, and discuss some on-going technological and societal challenges that the industry is facing.
Nowadays, it is well-understood that the burning of fossil fuels in electric power station has
a significant influence on the global climate due to greenhouse gases. In many countries,
the use of cost-effective and reliable low-carbon electricity energy sources is becoming an
important energy policy. Among different kinds of clean energy resources- such as solar
power, hydro-power, ocean wave power and so on, wind power is the fastest-growing form
of renewable energy at the present time.
Moreover, adjustable speed generator wind turbines (ASGWT) has key advantages over
the fixed-speed generator wind turbines (FSGWT) in terms of less mechanical stress, improved
power quality, high system efficiency, and reduced acoustic noise. One important
class of ASGWT is the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), which has gained a significant
attention of the electric power industry due to their advantages over the other class
of ASGWT, i.e. fully rated converter-based wind turbines. Because of increased integration
of DFIG-based wind farms into electric power grids, it is necessary to transmit the
generated power from wind farms to the existing grids via transmission networks without
congestion.
Series capacitive compensation of DFIG-based wind farm is an economical way to increase
the power transfer capability of the transmission line connecting wind farm to the
grid. For example, a study performed by ABB reveals that increasing the power transfer
capability of an existing transmission line from 1300 MW to 2000 MW using series
compensation is 90% less than the cost of building a new transmission line.
However, a factor hindering the extensive use of series capacitive compensation is the
potential risk of sub- synchronous resonance (SSR). The SSR is a condition where the wind farm exchanges energy with the electric network, to which it is connected, at one or more
natural frequencies of the electric or mechanical part of the combined system, comprising
the wind farm and the network, and the frequency of the exchanged energy is below the
fundamental frequency of the system. This phenomenon may cause severe damage in the
wind farm, if not prevented.
Therefore, this dissertation deals with the SSR phenomena in a capacitive series compensated
wind farm. A DFIG-based wind farm, which is connected to a series compensated
transmission line, is considered as a case study. The small-signal stability analysis of the
system is presented, and the eigenvalues of the system are obtained. Using both modal
analysis and time-domain simulation, it is shown that the system is potentially unstable
due to the SSR mode.
Then, three different possibilities for the addition of SSR damping controller (SSRDC)
are investigated. The SSRDC can be added to (1) gate-controlled series capacitor (GCSC),
(2) thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC), or (3) DFIG rotor-side converter (RSC)
and grid-side converter (GSC) controllers. The first and second c
Community Microgrids: A resilient clean energy solution for citiesClean Coalition
From 2017 to 2018, the U.S. experienced 30 weather- and climate-related events that cost $1 billion or more and collectively caused damage totaling a record-breaking $404 billion, not including the loss of human life. The Clean Coalition is staging Community Microgrids to provide resilience in the face of these disasters. Municipalities and their constituents are interested in building resilient communities, and Community Microgrids provide a solution that combines solar generation with energy storage and other distributed energy resources (DER) to provide indefinite renewables-driven backup power for critical loads. Many public agencies are taking a serious look at solar+storage to offset increasing utility costs, and to help achieve their climate goals. Adding microgrid-specific equipment like switches and monitoring, communications, and control equipment allows critical facilities to island during grid outages, providing business continuity and resilience with renewables-driven backup power.
Smart Cities presentation at the Renewable Energy Conference at Eilat EilotHaim R. Branisteanu
My presentation of "Smart Cities" storage at Eilat- Eilot Renewable Energy Conference, of course there are many comments and explanations to add to each slide in this presentation, including recent LCOE report form Australia (see also Clarifications for Peer to Peer Networks in “Smart Cities” document.)
THIS PPT IS DONE ON THE MICROGRID. IN THIS PPT WE DISCUSSED THE USES OF MICROGRIDS AND THEIR REAL-LIFE APPLICATIONS AND HOW THEY ARE INTERCONNECTED TO EACH OTHER AND THE MAJOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE CONVENTIONAL GRIDS AND THE MICROGRIDS AND THEIR USES, ADVANTAGES ARE ALSO DISCUSSED IN THIS PRESENTATION AND USES IN FUTURE ALSO AND THIS PPT IS SO USEFUL TO MANY STUDENTS
Community Microgrids: A resilient clean energy solution for citiesClean Coalition
From 2017 to 2018, the U.S. experienced 30 weather- and climate-related events that cost $1 billion or more and collectively caused damage totaling a record-breaking $404 billion, not including the loss of human life. The Clean Coalition is staging Community Microgrids to provide resilience in the face of these disasters. Municipalities and their constituents are interested in building resilient communities, and Community Microgrids provide a solution that combines solar generation with energy storage and other distributed energy resources (DER) to provide indefinite renewables-driven backup power for critical loads. Many public agencies are taking a serious look at solar+storage to offset increasing utility costs, and to help achieve their climate goals. Adding microgrid-specific equipment like switches and monitoring, communications, and control equipment allows critical facilities to island during grid outages, providing business continuity and resilience with renewables-driven backup power.
Smart Cities presentation at the Renewable Energy Conference at Eilat EilotHaim R. Branisteanu
My presentation of "Smart Cities" storage at Eilat- Eilot Renewable Energy Conference, of course there are many comments and explanations to add to each slide in this presentation, including recent LCOE report form Australia (see also Clarifications for Peer to Peer Networks in “Smart Cities” document.)
THIS PPT IS DONE ON THE MICROGRID. IN THIS PPT WE DISCUSSED THE USES OF MICROGRIDS AND THEIR REAL-LIFE APPLICATIONS AND HOW THEY ARE INTERCONNECTED TO EACH OTHER AND THE MAJOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE CONVENTIONAL GRIDS AND THE MICROGRIDS AND THEIR USES, ADVANTAGES ARE ALSO DISCUSSED IN THIS PRESENTATION AND USES IN FUTURE ALSO AND THIS PPT IS SO USEFUL TO MANY STUDENTS
Neutrinovoltaic Technology is Opening Up the Future of Sustainable EnergyePRNews Media
Neutrinovoltaic Technology is Opening Up the Future of Sustainable Energy #Sciences #CO2 #EarthEnergy #FossilFuels #NeutrinoEnergy #NeutrinoVoltaic #Photovoltaic #Pollution #SolarEnergy #WindPower #ePRNews
https://eprnews.com/neutrinovoltaic-technology-is-opening-up-the-future-of-sustainable-energy-420009/
The aim of this paper to review the applications of photovoltaic panels in different areas in
different manner.Off grid,grid connected and hybrid method of application are most widely used.Depending
upon locations and requirement of power,they are used.The benefits of solar power is described here in brief.
Wireless energy transfer or wireless power is the transmission of electrical energy from a power source to
an electrical load without a conductive physical connection. In this paper the technologies available for
Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) and its future possible advancements is being discussed to assume its
feasibility in actual practices.
In our present electricity system much of the power generated is wasted during transmission from power
plants to the consumers passing through cables, substations, etc. With WPT the need for inefficient and
costly, cables, towers, and substations will be eliminated & so will the power losses, finally reducing the
cost of energy. This is one such technology that can make the transmission system highly efficient &
economical. One mere demerit of WPT is that it develops reactive power at a small frequency that is very
biologically compatible and harmful to environment & living beings on over exposure.
1. Part Four
Possible New
Infrastructures
associated with new energy
technologies
Sarah Evins, HON 401: Global Issues
2. Outline
I. Paradigm shift:
Can energy be produced where it will be used?
II. A case study:
How can we minimize energy loss?
III. Integration:
How might distributed generation work with current
infrastructure?
5. Classic Electricity
Paradigm:
Central Power Station Model
Central Power Station Model
centralized power plants distribute energy
plants usually powered through: combustion
(coal, oil, and natural) or nuclear generated
power is transmitted up to several hundred miles
away from the central source
6. The inefficiencies of
centralized power
it’s dirty: centralized power plants contribute to
consumption of fossil fuels or creation of nuclear waste
transporting energy is wasteful: a lot of
energy is lost in the process of moving it
consumers rely on the grid:
inconveniences and inefficiencies for those living in
remote areas or places with congested consumption of
energy
7. Our current utility system
is “a dumb machine”
utility company has a fundamental interest in consumers
“gorging on electrons”
utilities make money by building stuff (Friedman, pg. 222)
“reserve margin”: in order to always meet peak load
demand, utilities overbuild their supply capacity
adding supply was the answer to every problem, never
managing the demand
overvalue ubiquity and reliability over cleanliness and
efficiency
“undifferentiated electrons,” (Friedman, pg. 220)
8. What is distributed
generation?
power is generated at the point of consumption
decentralized power generation
modular technology: closed system, does not rely
on the grid, use power as you need it
can be both stand-alone or integrated into the
existing grid network
9.
10.
11. What are
What technologies have
developed that would some
enable distributed
generation? obstacles to
overcome?
intermittencies
Biofuels
not enough power
Solar Technologies
low efficiency
Wind Technologies
conditional
costly Residential solar power
Residential solar power
using solar panels is at
using solar panels is at
least twice as costly as
least twice as costly as
residential electrical power.
residential electrical power.
*
12. A case study of
distributed
generation:
how Solar Nanotechnology
can minimize energy loss
13. Promising Innovations in
Solar Nanotechnology
Here are some startling facts about solar energy
Nanoantennas: can absorb the infrared part of the spectrum,
allowing solar cells to capture light energy if it is cloudy or after the
sun has set
Quantum dot solar cells: convert light into electricity at 114%
efficiency (through multiple electron generation)
Silicon wire arrays: greater conversion efficiency at a thousandth of
the cost of traditional silicon solar panels
Spray-on solar ink: can be printed or sprayed, scientists anticipate
being able to spray solar technology onto building surfaces or
embed solar plastics into clothes
14. What technologies have been
developed to support a distributed
generation infrastructure?
The liquid metal battery,
Donald Sadoway
15. Do we have technology to
overcome obstacles to solar-based
DG?
The problem The solution
intermittencies storage through highly efficient batteries
cheaper production costs -> larger solar cell
not enough power areas
-> more power
developing nanotech with high efficiency (quantum
low efficiency
dots and MEG)
conversion of infrared spectrum (nanoantennas)
conditional
storage
costly cheaper than traditional solar panels
17. How has distributed power
been integrated around the
world?
China: accounts for two-thirds of the world’s solar water heaters
Denmark: 20% of total power supply in 2009 generated from wind
turbines integrated with other forms of generation (coal- and gas-fired
capacity, interconnection to hydro-dominated systems)
Spain: 2000 Barcelona Solar Thermal Ordinance resulted in over 40%
of all new and retrofitted buildings in the area having a solar water
heating system installed
19. Incorporating Distributed
Generation into the “Smart
Grid”
What is the smart grid?
analog to digital monitors: utilities will be able to see
what energy is being consumed in real time and respond
accordingly
meets demand “intelligently”: utilities can charge
tiered rate for power, electricity costs more at peak rates,
supply more efficiently meets demand
incentivizes more efficient energy production: AA
can make renewable energy electricity cheaper than dirtier in
in
energy to
t
in
in
distributed generation takes over when the grid is congested or an
a
supply energy to remote areas im
im
sell distributed power to your neighbors an
a
di
d
*
20. Can we combine these two
approaches and meet in the
middle?
Top-Down Bottom-Up
Approach Approach
Distributed
Smart grid
generation
Government
Consumer-
and policy
driven
driven
21. How might we combine
both approaches?
“I would also create incentives for all utilities to help their
customers buy and even install distributed solar or wind
power for their homes, offices, roofs, and parking lots,
particularly at the stressed points on the power grid where
those sources of energy will do the most good. If we can
target more homes and offices—at those points on the grid
that are most congested or hard to reach—to install their
own solar and wind generation, it can take pressure off the
grid. And as solar and wind technologies improve and
move down in price, there is no reason utilities cannot be
distributing and connecting them as part of their service.”
-an excerpt from Hot, Flat & Crowded by Thomas Friedman
23. Discussion:
Do we have a commitment
to provide energy to
everyone, or can we turn
energy into a form of
currency?
Do we have a commitment
to provide energy to
everyone, or can we turn
24. technology revolution is on the
horizon?
Many innovations have been introduced recently that
would enable the proliferation of cleaner energy
practices.
•What might it take for these technologies
to be implemented?
•Who might drive an energy revolution
(consumers, government, companies) and how?
and how?
and how?
and how?