Europe is a continent located in the northern hemisphere and western Asia. It is bordered by water on the north, south, and west. Europe has about 50 countries and is the second most populated continent. Russia makes up about 40% of Europe's total land area. Throughout history, Europe has been a leader in many areas including the modern era, the industrial revolution, and Western culture. Key events that shaped Europe included the Cold War competition between the US and Soviet Union and the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.