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Creating Access to Education for 
Disadvantaged Female Civil Servants 
Ethiopian Civil Service University (ECSU)
The reform initiative is about: 
Empowering disadvantaged female civil servants 
through provision of opportunities for 
participation in higher education
The initiative 
 started in September, 2003 at the Ethiopian Civil 
Service University (ECSU) 
participants drawn from among female civil 
servants 
females discriminated against in a male 
dominated force of c.1 million, generally in society 
to promote and empower them through 
participation in higher education; as faculty 
members
Reform in operation 
Providing opportunities for higher education at 
ECSU through: 
alternative admission procedures: pre-sessional 
preparation: English, Maths, 
Study Skills, Assertiveness, Stress Mgt. 
mechanisms of retention in the 
university: tutorials, guidance & 
counselling, gynacologist service.
increasing participation of females as faculty 
members at ECSU: 
 advertisement targetting female MA/MSc/PhD 
graduates 
 selection of those with very good marks and 
thesis evaluation
Stages of the reform: Discussions to build consensus: 
with University Board, among University 
Administrative Council, Senate members, Academic 
Departments concerned 
with Ministries of Federal Affairs, Women, Youth and 
Children’s Affairs 
regional agencies, bureaus via the Ministries 
political willingness, Commitment, support ensured
Overcoming Constraints: 
 some faculty members had negative attitudes 
towards affirmative action 
 Believed entrance should be based on competition whatever 
the case 
Some famale students had low esteem of themselves 
and lacked in self-confidence 
Some male civil servants not happy with the initiative 
Discussions and strong support from ministries 
Constitution as basis for the initiative
Enabling factors: 
Conviction of Leadership and most faculty 
members 
 Financial and material support from ministries 
concerned 
 Support from regional governments: salaries 
continued to be paid 
Budget for meals and accommodation from 
Ministry of Finance 
 Concerted action by stakeholders
Impact of the initiative: 
 Female civil servants participation in higher 
education increased 
Female civil servants with MA credentials in mid-level 
position enhanced 
 Female members of faculty increased 
 Role models being created 
Other institutions introducing similar initiatives
Sustainability of initiative: 
 Govt support: Federal ministries, agencies. 
Budget from Ministry of Finance 
with MA credential 
Support from regional govt departments 
Acceptance by university faculty 
Leadership driving
Lessons learned: 
 given the opportunity and proper support, female 
civil servants can succeed in developing 
themselves 
 negative attitudes can be encountered, but 
attitudinal change can be effected through 
awareness raising discussions 
 leadership commitment at all levels is crucial

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Creating Access to Education for Disadvantaged Female Civil Servants Ethiopian Civil Service University (ECSU)

  • 1. Creating Access to Education for Disadvantaged Female Civil Servants Ethiopian Civil Service University (ECSU)
  • 2. The reform initiative is about: Empowering disadvantaged female civil servants through provision of opportunities for participation in higher education
  • 3. The initiative  started in September, 2003 at the Ethiopian Civil Service University (ECSU) participants drawn from among female civil servants females discriminated against in a male dominated force of c.1 million, generally in society to promote and empower them through participation in higher education; as faculty members
  • 4. Reform in operation Providing opportunities for higher education at ECSU through: alternative admission procedures: pre-sessional preparation: English, Maths, Study Skills, Assertiveness, Stress Mgt. mechanisms of retention in the university: tutorials, guidance & counselling, gynacologist service.
  • 5. increasing participation of females as faculty members at ECSU:  advertisement targetting female MA/MSc/PhD graduates  selection of those with very good marks and thesis evaluation
  • 6. Stages of the reform: Discussions to build consensus: with University Board, among University Administrative Council, Senate members, Academic Departments concerned with Ministries of Federal Affairs, Women, Youth and Children’s Affairs regional agencies, bureaus via the Ministries political willingness, Commitment, support ensured
  • 7. Overcoming Constraints:  some faculty members had negative attitudes towards affirmative action  Believed entrance should be based on competition whatever the case Some famale students had low esteem of themselves and lacked in self-confidence Some male civil servants not happy with the initiative Discussions and strong support from ministries Constitution as basis for the initiative
  • 8. Enabling factors: Conviction of Leadership and most faculty members  Financial and material support from ministries concerned  Support from regional governments: salaries continued to be paid Budget for meals and accommodation from Ministry of Finance  Concerted action by stakeholders
  • 9. Impact of the initiative:  Female civil servants participation in higher education increased Female civil servants with MA credentials in mid-level position enhanced  Female members of faculty increased  Role models being created Other institutions introducing similar initiatives
  • 10. Sustainability of initiative:  Govt support: Federal ministries, agencies. Budget from Ministry of Finance with MA credential Support from regional govt departments Acceptance by university faculty Leadership driving
  • 11. Lessons learned:  given the opportunity and proper support, female civil servants can succeed in developing themselves  negative attitudes can be encountered, but attitudinal change can be effected through awareness raising discussions  leadership commitment at all levels is crucial