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1. The document discusses casteism and racism, defining casteism as adherence to the caste system where vocational communities formed endogamous groups. 2. It describes the origins and philosophy of the caste system in India, tracing it back 2000 years to when endogamy and clan groups emerged, and 1000 years ago when a hierarchy based on purity created the present caste system. 3. Problems arising from casteism are identified as untouchability, unreasoned discrimination, threats to equality, and endangerment of justice.
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Hinduism
The origins of Hinduism began as the Aryan people migrated into India and developed a strict caste system dividing society into four main social classes or varnas. Over time, Indian society became divided into many castes based on birth, wealth or occupation that was very rigid. The Hindu religion was originally called Brahmanism as it was based on the teachings of the Vedas and focused on rituals performed by Brahmin priests. While the religion was influenced by other cultures, the blending of beliefs and texts created Hinduism, the largest religion in India today, which maintains the caste system through the concepts of dharma, karma and samsara or the cycle of rebirth.
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Hinduism
The origins of Hinduism began as the Aryan people migrated into India and developed a strict caste system dividing society into four main social classes or varnas. Over time, Indian society became divided into many castes based on birth, wealth or occupation that was very rigid. The Hindu religion was originally called Brahmanism as it was based on the teachings of the Vedas and focused on rituals performed by Brahmin priests. While the religion was influenced by other cultures, the blending of beliefs and texts created Hinduism, the largest religion in India today, which maintains the caste system through the concepts of dharma, karma and samsara or the cycle of rebirth.
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2. It also discusses important people and concepts such as Hammurabi, theocracy, Mandate of Heaven, feudalism, Aryans, karma, dharma, and the caste system in relation to early India.
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Hindu literature ppt
Hindu Literature ppt
by Shara Anacay
BSE - English
Submitted to:
Professor Sharon Delos Reyes
Indus River and Hinduism
Classical Indian Civilization developed lasting belief systems like Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism between 1500-500 BCE. The Indus River valley supported the Harappan civilization from 3000-1500 BCE, with major cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. Around 1500 BCE, Indo-European Aryans established themselves across northern India and instituted the caste system that stratified Hindu society into Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Shudras, and Untouchables. Hinduism and its concepts of dharma, samsara, and moksha shaped Indian religious thought. Buddhism, founded by Siddhartha Gautama, rejected the
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1. The document discusses the evolution of understanding caste in Indian society from various perspectives over time.
2. Early theories on the origin of caste included the traditional theory of divine origins, the racial theory of Aryan invasion, and the political and occupational theories related to the role of Brahmins and the division of labor.
3. Louis Dumont's influential work portrayed caste as organized around the principles of purity and pollution, emphasizing the totality of the system over individual members.
4. More recent views have examined caste as involving notions of bodily substances and interpersonal exchange, and have taken a comparative perspective looking at when and how strict separation and endogamy operate.
Varnashrama dharma
This document provides an overview of Gandhi's views on the concept of varnashrama dharma. It discusses the origins of the varna system in ancient Hindu scriptures like the Rigveda and its evolution in the post-Vedic period. Gandhi believed varna represented a natural classification of different vocations and an aspect that satisfies religious, social and economic needs. However, he saw the contemporary caste system as a distorted version of the original varna concept. The document also examines Gandhi's view that varnashrama dharma enables spiritual evolution through one's designated social role, and aims to understand the nuances of this concept.
Chapter 09
1. The Mauryan Empire briefly unified India under Chandragupta Maurya in the 4th century BCE using an advanced administrative system, but declined after Ashoka's death due to economic and military issues.
2. Regional kingdoms emerged including the Kushans in the north and the Guptas in the 4th century CE who brought stability, but were later invaded by Huns.
3. A complex social hierarchy developed around castes and guilds as trade grew, challenging traditional values, while religions like Buddhism and new forms of Hinduism appealed to more social classes and spread across India.
5.1. forms of socil strn.pptx...............
The document discusses four major forms of social stratification:
1) Slavery, where some humans are regarded as the property of others.
2) Estate, seen in medieval Europe with social hierarchy based on land ownership into nobility, clergy, and commoners.
3) Caste, a rigid Hindu system where social position is fixed at birth into priest, rulers, merchants, workers, and untouchables.
4) Class, the modern stratification system based on economic resources and divided into upper, middle, working, and peasant classes.
Indian Heritage.ppt
The document provides an overview of Hindu culture and philosophy. It discusses:
1) Key figures in modern Hinduism like Ramakrishna, Vivekananda, and Aurobindo who taught the importance of higher civilization while integrating the best aspects of other cultures.
2) The six schools of Hindu philosophy - Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Purva Mimamsa, and Uttara Mimamsa (Vedanta) - which discuss concepts like Atman, Brahman, and the path to moksha or liberation.
3) Hindu society was divided based on one's duties (varna system) and stages of life (
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The document provides information about the Hindu caste system. It explains that the caste system divided Hindu society into four main castes - Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Sudras. Brahmins were priests and teachers at the top of the hierarchy, while Sudras were servants at the bottom. People were born into their caste and stayed within it their whole life. The system also included Untouchables who fell outside the four castes and faced severe social discrimination. The caste system structured Hindu social order for over 2000 years according to the religious texts.
Hinduism
The origins of Hinduism began as the Aryan people migrated into India and developed a strict caste system dividing society. This caste system was further codified over time through religious texts like the Vedas. Hinduism later developed as a blend of Aryan Vedic traditions and local Indian beliefs, incorporating concepts like dharma, karma, samsara, and moksha. The caste system became deeply entrenched in Hinduism through the idea of reincarnation and fulfilling one's duties according to their caste.
Origin of codes
The document summarizes several important historical codes and their significance:
1. The Code of Hammurabi from 1792 BC was one of the earliest known legal codes, establishing laws around lying, stealing, assault, business and more. It relied on "an eye for an eye" philosophy of equal retaliation.
2. The Laws of Manu from 300 BC-300 AD set social standards for Hinduism and established the caste system of Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras, each with distinct duties. It also established rules governing women's roles and protecting cattle.
3. The Ten Commandments from 1300 BC, given to Moses, are a moral
Caste is the cruellest exclusion
Caste is a form of social exclusion unique to South Asia that is justified by Hindu religious scriptures. It developed between 1000-500 BCE as Brahmins propagated the theory of varna/caste hierarchy to sanction an unequal society, contested by shramanic groups advocating social equality. Over centuries, caste rigidity increased as Dharmashastras elaborated the duties of the four varnas. Resistance included early religions, Bhakti movement, and impact of Islam/Christianity which rejected caste in India.
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33 27 asian prophecy www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org
1. Many Asian faiths, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, and Baha'i, contain prophecies about the end of the current age and the arrival of a world savior.
2. Hindu prophecies foretell the arrival of Kalki Avatar to end the current Kali Yuga age of decline and restore purity. Buddhist prophecies predict the incarnation of Maitreya Buddha after major geological changes, during whose reign humanity will attain salvation.
3. Ancient texts provide details on the social conditions and signs that will precede these prophesied events, including the rise of immorality and decline of dharma according to Hindu scriptures.
Hinduism
Hinduism is one of the oldest religions in the world originating over 5,000 years ago. It developed from the Vedas and has no single founder or religious text. Hindus believe in an eternal soul (atman) that is reincarnated based on karma, with the goal of achieving moksha or liberation from the cycle of rebirth. The caste system shapes Hindu society, with different castes having specific social roles and occupations determined by birth. Hindus worship in temples and homes through practices like puja and seek enlightenment through yoga and devotion to deities.
Ancient civilization of india
- The Indus Valley civilization emerged in the river valleys of the Indus River around 1500 BC and included major cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro with populations of 35,000-40,000 people.
- Around 1500 BC, nomadic Aryan groups migrated into northern India and conquered the Indus Valley civilization, establishing new social divisions and institutions. They developed a caste system that stratified Hindu society into priests, warriors, commoners, peasants, and untouchables.
- Hinduism and Buddhism both originated in ancient India, with Hinduism believing in dharma, karma, samsara, and deities like Brahma and Shiva, while Buddhism rejected the Hindu caste system
India Caste System and Hinduism
Classical Indian civilization began in the Indus River Valley and spread throughout the subcontinent, aided by geographic barriers that protected it from invasion. Indo-European Aryans migrated in around 1500 BCE, bringing Vedic religion and establishing the caste system, which divided society into distinct social classes. Hinduism eventually emerged as the dominant religion, incorporating beliefs in dharma, karma, samsara, and moksha. The caste system and Hindu beliefs strongly influenced all aspects of Indian culture and society for centuries.
Classical India
Classical Indian civilization began in the Indus River Valley and spread throughout the subcontinent facilitated by geographic barriers that made invasion difficult. Indo-European Aryans migrated into the region, blending their beliefs with indigenous peoples and establishing the caste system and Hinduism as the dominant religion. Hinduism and the caste system shaped Indian society and culture and influenced neighboring regions through trade routes.
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- Both only children and children with siblings sometimes feel their parents are overprotective. Levels of selfishness, tolerance, and ability to control emotions varied between the groups.
- Respondents generally felt that both family types with only children and multiple children are good for society. Privacy and space needs differed, with many children desiring more privacy.
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The document summarizes the Mapuche conflict between the indigenous Mapuche people of Patagonia in South America and the governments of Chile and Argentina. The Mapuche demand greater autonomy, recognition of their rights, and the return of their ancestral lands. Key aspects of the conflict include the Mapuche's historical domination by Chile and Argentina in the 19th century, their cultural revival in the 1990s after democracy came to Chile, and their ongoing demands for self-governance, land recovery, and cultural preservation which are resisted by the governments and business interests exploiting Mapuche territory.
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1. The document defines key terms related to early human societies and foundations of civilizations including the Paleolithic age, Neolithic Revolution, animism, polytheism, and civilization.
2. It also discusses important people and concepts such as Hammurabi, theocracy, Mandate of Heaven, feudalism, Aryans, karma, dharma, and the caste system in relation to early India.
3. Key figures that contributed to early Chinese civilization are noted like Qin Shi Huangdi who unified China, Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism as ethical systems during the Warring States Period.
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1. During the Vedic Age of Indian civilization, it is believed that after the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization some of the kinship groups and patriarchal families migrated into India. As some within the Aryas tribe (light-skinned) entered into the Ganges Valley, they encountered a struggle with the Dasas tribe (dark-skinned) but managed to force the tribe into southern India. The struggle between the tribes led to the development of the Varna class system. Under this system, people were born into one of the four Varna's: Brahmin was the class of priests and scholars; Kshatriya was warriors; Vaishya was merchants; and Shundra was peasants and laborers. The fifth group was the Untouchables; they were outside the system because of the nature of their work. The work was considered polluted as it dealt with dead things and cremations. ย ย Now, the Varna was divided into groups and subdivided into jati's: order of hierarchy. Under the hierarchy, were complex rules that governed the different occupations, duties, and rituals of each Jati as a well as regulations concerning interaction between people of different Jati. The system served to assign occupations to the Varna and Jati in which each individual belongs; and the system separated the members of the different Varna and Jati into a system of purity and impurity. Purity restrictions occurred in the areas of marriage, drink, food and touch. ย ย The system of Varna and Jati ย lasted because many of the practices and attitudes were indoctrinated into the Hindu people, rules for social behavior, and the philosophy of reincarnation. The belief was every individual has an immortal spirit that will be reborn in another body after death and that body will be determined by karma in this and the previous life. The people believed that rebellion against caste expectations would result in a lower rebirth in the next life. ย ย The United States is a nation of diverse cultures. People are classified as rich, middle class, or poor. The rich are considered well educated and highly paid professionals; the middle class are semi-professional and educated working middle class; and the poor are the working under class with very little to no education. Income is the most prominent indicator of class status, and education to occupation and income. ย ย 2.Yes, both routes originated for the purpose of trading. Both routes have harsh desert conditions. Silk road passes through the Tarim Basin. Trans-Saharan passes the Saharan desert. Both had famous outpost. Silk road had the Samarkand outpost and Trans-Saharan had the Timbuktu post.
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Hindu literature ppt
Hindu Literature ppt
by Shara Anacay
BSE - English
Submitted to:
Professor Sharon Delos Reyes
Indus River and Hinduism
Classical Indian Civilization developed lasting belief systems like Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism between 1500-500 BCE. The Indus River valley supported the Harappan civilization from 3000-1500 BCE, with major cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. Around 1500 BCE, Indo-European Aryans established themselves across northern India and instituted the caste system that stratified Hindu society into Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Shudras, and Untouchables. Hinduism and its concepts of dharma, samsara, and moksha shaped Indian religious thought. Buddhism, founded by Siddhartha Gautama, rejected the
Unit I โ b.pptx
1. The document discusses the evolution of understanding caste in Indian society from various perspectives over time.
2. Early theories on the origin of caste included the traditional theory of divine origins, the racial theory of Aryan invasion, and the political and occupational theories related to the role of Brahmins and the division of labor.
3. Louis Dumont's influential work portrayed caste as organized around the principles of purity and pollution, emphasizing the totality of the system over individual members.
4. More recent views have examined caste as involving notions of bodily substances and interpersonal exchange, and have taken a comparative perspective looking at when and how strict separation and endogamy operate.
Varnashrama dharma
This document provides an overview of Gandhi's views on the concept of varnashrama dharma. It discusses the origins of the varna system in ancient Hindu scriptures like the Rigveda and its evolution in the post-Vedic period. Gandhi believed varna represented a natural classification of different vocations and an aspect that satisfies religious, social and economic needs. However, he saw the contemporary caste system as a distorted version of the original varna concept. The document also examines Gandhi's view that varnashrama dharma enables spiritual evolution through one's designated social role, and aims to understand the nuances of this concept.
Chapter 09
1. The Mauryan Empire briefly unified India under Chandragupta Maurya in the 4th century BCE using an advanced administrative system, but declined after Ashoka's death due to economic and military issues.
2. Regional kingdoms emerged including the Kushans in the north and the Guptas in the 4th century CE who brought stability, but were later invaded by Huns.
3. A complex social hierarchy developed around castes and guilds as trade grew, challenging traditional values, while religions like Buddhism and new forms of Hinduism appealed to more social classes and spread across India.
5.1. forms of socil strn.pptx...............
The document discusses four major forms of social stratification:
1) Slavery, where some humans are regarded as the property of others.
2) Estate, seen in medieval Europe with social hierarchy based on land ownership into nobility, clergy, and commoners.
3) Caste, a rigid Hindu system where social position is fixed at birth into priest, rulers, merchants, workers, and untouchables.
4) Class, the modern stratification system based on economic resources and divided into upper, middle, working, and peasant classes.
Indian Heritage.ppt
The document provides an overview of Hindu culture and philosophy. It discusses:
1) Key figures in modern Hinduism like Ramakrishna, Vivekananda, and Aurobindo who taught the importance of higher civilization while integrating the best aspects of other cultures.
2) The six schools of Hindu philosophy - Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Purva Mimamsa, and Uttara Mimamsa (Vedanta) - which discuss concepts like Atman, Brahman, and the path to moksha or liberation.
3) Hindu society was divided based on one's duties (varna system) and stages of life (
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The document provides information about the Hindu caste system. It explains that the caste system divided Hindu society into four main castes - Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Sudras. Brahmins were priests and teachers at the top of the hierarchy, while Sudras were servants at the bottom. People were born into their caste and stayed within it their whole life. The system also included Untouchables who fell outside the four castes and faced severe social discrimination. The caste system structured Hindu social order for over 2000 years according to the religious texts.
Hinduism
The origins of Hinduism began as the Aryan people migrated into India and developed a strict caste system dividing society. This caste system was further codified over time through religious texts like the Vedas. Hinduism later developed as a blend of Aryan Vedic traditions and local Indian beliefs, incorporating concepts like dharma, karma, samsara, and moksha. The caste system became deeply entrenched in Hinduism through the idea of reincarnation and fulfilling one's duties according to their caste.
Origin of codes
The document summarizes several important historical codes and their significance:
1. The Code of Hammurabi from 1792 BC was one of the earliest known legal codes, establishing laws around lying, stealing, assault, business and more. It relied on "an eye for an eye" philosophy of equal retaliation.
2. The Laws of Manu from 300 BC-300 AD set social standards for Hinduism and established the caste system of Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras, each with distinct duties. It also established rules governing women's roles and protecting cattle.
3. The Ten Commandments from 1300 BC, given to Moses, are a moral
Caste is the cruellest exclusion
Caste is a form of social exclusion unique to South Asia that is justified by Hindu religious scriptures. It developed between 1000-500 BCE as Brahmins propagated the theory of varna/caste hierarchy to sanction an unequal society, contested by shramanic groups advocating social equality. Over centuries, caste rigidity increased as Dharmashastras elaborated the duties of the four varnas. Resistance included early religions, Bhakti movement, and impact of Islam/Christianity which rejected caste in India.
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The document discusses concepts of caste, class, gender, and race in India. It describes how the caste system originated and stratified Hindu society into four main categories (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Sudras) based on occupation. The caste system promoted inequality and practices like untouchability. While the economic importance of caste has declined with urbanization and affirmative action, it still affects social status. The document also discusses the concepts of social class in India, noting different classifications, and how factors like wealth, occupation, and education determine one's social class. It defines race and ethnicity, describing how India is a melting pot of different racial groups classified by scholars.
Kolkata Interim Half Day Presentation
India gained independence from British rule on August 15, 1947 after a non-violent movement led by Gandhi. The partition of India and Pakistan occurred at this time. Kolkata, formerly the capital of British India, has a long cultural history and strong revolutionary movements such as the Naxalites. Varanasi, located on the Ganges River, is a pilgrimage site for Hindus, Buddhists and Jains and considered one of the holiest places, where Hindus believe bathing washes away sins and cremated bodies are released into the river. Hinduism and Buddhism are two major religions that originated in India, with Hinduism believing in reincarnation and seeking moksha or liberation from
33 27 asian prophecy www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org
1. Many Asian faiths, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, and Baha'i, contain prophecies about the end of the current age and the arrival of a world savior.
2. Hindu prophecies foretell the arrival of Kalki Avatar to end the current Kali Yuga age of decline and restore purity. Buddhist prophecies predict the incarnation of Maitreya Buddha after major geological changes, during whose reign humanity will attain salvation.
3. Ancient texts provide details on the social conditions and signs that will precede these prophesied events, including the rise of immorality and decline of dharma according to Hindu scriptures.
Hinduism
Hinduism is one of the oldest religions in the world originating over 5,000 years ago. It developed from the Vedas and has no single founder or religious text. Hindus believe in an eternal soul (atman) that is reincarnated based on karma, with the goal of achieving moksha or liberation from the cycle of rebirth. The caste system shapes Hindu society, with different castes having specific social roles and occupations determined by birth. Hindus worship in temples and homes through practices like puja and seek enlightenment through yoga and devotion to deities.
Ancient civilization of india
- The Indus Valley civilization emerged in the river valleys of the Indus River around 1500 BC and included major cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro with populations of 35,000-40,000 people.
- Around 1500 BC, nomadic Aryan groups migrated into northern India and conquered the Indus Valley civilization, establishing new social divisions and institutions. They developed a caste system that stratified Hindu society into priests, warriors, commoners, peasants, and untouchables.
- Hinduism and Buddhism both originated in ancient India, with Hinduism believing in dharma, karma, samsara, and deities like Brahma and Shiva, while Buddhism rejected the Hindu caste system
India Caste System and Hinduism
Classical Indian civilization began in the Indus River Valley and spread throughout the subcontinent, aided by geographic barriers that protected it from invasion. Indo-European Aryans migrated in around 1500 BCE, bringing Vedic religion and establishing the caste system, which divided society into distinct social classes. Hinduism eventually emerged as the dominant religion, incorporating beliefs in dharma, karma, samsara, and moksha. The caste system and Hindu beliefs strongly influenced all aspects of Indian culture and society for centuries.
Classical India
Classical Indian civilization began in the Indus River Valley and spread throughout the subcontinent facilitated by geographic barriers that made invasion difficult. Indo-European Aryans migrated into the region, blending their beliefs with indigenous peoples and establishing the caste system and Hinduism as the dominant religion. Hinduism and the caste system shaped Indian society and culture and influenced neighboring regions through trade routes.
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