The document outlines Bangladesh's regulatory framework for telecommunications. It establishes an independent regulatory commission to oversee the sector and promote transparency, adaptability, and objectivity. The commission's primary functions include licensing operators, regulating tariffs, setting technical standards, monitoring service quality, managing spectrum, and more. It also discusses the competitive framework, emphasizing liberalization and equal opportunities for public and private operators. Institutional development focuses on research, education, and promoting local manufacturing.
This document provides recommendations on telecommunications sector policy and liberalization in Oman. It summarizes the current telecom market situation, including low fixed line and household penetration compared to other GCC countries. It identifies key challenges of enabling universal service, encouraging advanced services, and establishing economic regulation in a competitive market.
The document recommends a phased liberalization approach over 5 years, beginning with open entry for value-added and data services in 2003. It proposes establishing a Universal Service Fund financed by operator contributions to support rural connectivity projects. Operators would be permitted to bid on subsidized rural projects. The recommendations aim to increase rural access, introduce competition gradually, and establish effective economic regulation of the liberalizing telecom sector in O
The telecom industry in India has grown rapidly in recent years due to liberal government policies. The regulatory framework includes the Telecom Commission, Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal (TDSAT), and Wireless Planning and Coordination Wing (WPC). TRAI acts as an independent regulator but the DoT has discretion over TRAI's recommendations. Key laws governing the sector are the Indian Telegraph Act of 1885, Indian Wireless Telegraphy Act of 1933, and the TRAI Act of 1997 which established TRAI.
The TRAI Act was formed in 1997 to regulate the telecom sector and protect consumer interests as the Department of Telecommunications was both the policy maker and competitor in the sector. TRAI was given functions like license management, interconnectivity regulation, and dispute resolution. However, a 2000 amendment was made to give TRAI more independence as a dispute between TRAI and DoT in 1998 showed DoT could still influence policy making. The amendment made TRAI an independent regulatory body and formed TDSAT to handle disputes. Recent TRAI regulations include tariff orders and promoting digital addressable systems to improve consumer services.
This document is the Republic Act No. 7925, which promotes and governs the development of Philippine telecommunications and the delivery of public telecommunications services. Some key points:
- It defines various telecommunications entities and services such as local exchange operators, inter-exchange carriers, international carriers, and value-added service providers.
- It establishes the National Telecommunications Commission as the principal administrator responsible for implementing telecommunications policies and ensuring interoperability, competition, and consumer protection.
- It aims to develop telecommunications infrastructure to promote economic and social development, prioritizing basic services in underserved areas, and fostering competitive markets.
- It categorizes telecommunications entities and establishes obligations for entities
The proposed merger between PLDT and Digitel would create a highly concentrated mobile market in the Philippines. After the merger, PLDT-Digitel would control 66% of mobile revenues and 71% of subscribers. This level of concentration raises antitrust concerns. Regulators in other countries have required mergers to surrender spectrum to increase competition. For the merger to be approved in the Philippines, regulators may need to impose conditions like requiring PLDT-Digitel to return some spectrum to competitors. The merger could negatively impact consumers if it reduces competition and choice in the market.
This document provides an overview of Namibia's ICT industry and regulatory framework. It discusses the development of Namibia's ICT sector, telecommunications market, and regulatory body CRAN. It outlines challenges faced by CRAN, including a court case challenging its regulatory powers. Recommendations are made to strengthen CRAN's independence and powers. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of an independent regulator for a properly functioning telecommunications sector.
The telecom sector in India has undergone significant reforms and liberalization since the 1990s. Key policies like NTP 1994, 1999 and TRAI 1997 helped open the sector to private players and spur growth. As a result, tele-density increased from just 1% in 1991 to over 61% by 2010. The document outlines the major milestones in the liberalization process, including opening up of national long distance, international long distance, broadband and other services to private competition. It also discusses policy initiatives like unified licensing, USO fund, and tariff reductions that helped the sector expand and modernize.
Regulatory framework of telecommunicationKarun Mahajan
The telecom industry in India is growing rapidly at 45-50% annually, facilitated by liberal government policies. The Telecom Commission is the high-level government body that oversees telecom policy formulation, licensing, and promotion of private investment in telecom. The Department of Telecommunications regulates telecom activities and licenses operators under laws like the Indian Telegraph Act. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India was established as an independent regulator to encourage fair competition and protect consumers.
This document provides recommendations on telecommunications sector policy and liberalization in Oman. It summarizes the current telecom market situation, including low fixed line and household penetration compared to other GCC countries. It identifies key challenges of enabling universal service, encouraging advanced services, and establishing economic regulation in a competitive market.
The document recommends a phased liberalization approach over 5 years, beginning with open entry for value-added and data services in 2003. It proposes establishing a Universal Service Fund financed by operator contributions to support rural connectivity projects. Operators would be permitted to bid on subsidized rural projects. The recommendations aim to increase rural access, introduce competition gradually, and establish effective economic regulation of the liberalizing telecom sector in O
The telecom industry in India has grown rapidly in recent years due to liberal government policies. The regulatory framework includes the Telecom Commission, Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal (TDSAT), and Wireless Planning and Coordination Wing (WPC). TRAI acts as an independent regulator but the DoT has discretion over TRAI's recommendations. Key laws governing the sector are the Indian Telegraph Act of 1885, Indian Wireless Telegraphy Act of 1933, and the TRAI Act of 1997 which established TRAI.
The TRAI Act was formed in 1997 to regulate the telecom sector and protect consumer interests as the Department of Telecommunications was both the policy maker and competitor in the sector. TRAI was given functions like license management, interconnectivity regulation, and dispute resolution. However, a 2000 amendment was made to give TRAI more independence as a dispute between TRAI and DoT in 1998 showed DoT could still influence policy making. The amendment made TRAI an independent regulatory body and formed TDSAT to handle disputes. Recent TRAI regulations include tariff orders and promoting digital addressable systems to improve consumer services.
This document is the Republic Act No. 7925, which promotes and governs the development of Philippine telecommunications and the delivery of public telecommunications services. Some key points:
- It defines various telecommunications entities and services such as local exchange operators, inter-exchange carriers, international carriers, and value-added service providers.
- It establishes the National Telecommunications Commission as the principal administrator responsible for implementing telecommunications policies and ensuring interoperability, competition, and consumer protection.
- It aims to develop telecommunications infrastructure to promote economic and social development, prioritizing basic services in underserved areas, and fostering competitive markets.
- It categorizes telecommunications entities and establishes obligations for entities
The proposed merger between PLDT and Digitel would create a highly concentrated mobile market in the Philippines. After the merger, PLDT-Digitel would control 66% of mobile revenues and 71% of subscribers. This level of concentration raises antitrust concerns. Regulators in other countries have required mergers to surrender spectrum to increase competition. For the merger to be approved in the Philippines, regulators may need to impose conditions like requiring PLDT-Digitel to return some spectrum to competitors. The merger could negatively impact consumers if it reduces competition and choice in the market.
This document provides an overview of Namibia's ICT industry and regulatory framework. It discusses the development of Namibia's ICT sector, telecommunications market, and regulatory body CRAN. It outlines challenges faced by CRAN, including a court case challenging its regulatory powers. Recommendations are made to strengthen CRAN's independence and powers. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of an independent regulator for a properly functioning telecommunications sector.
The telecom sector in India has undergone significant reforms and liberalization since the 1990s. Key policies like NTP 1994, 1999 and TRAI 1997 helped open the sector to private players and spur growth. As a result, tele-density increased from just 1% in 1991 to over 61% by 2010. The document outlines the major milestones in the liberalization process, including opening up of national long distance, international long distance, broadband and other services to private competition. It also discusses policy initiatives like unified licensing, USO fund, and tariff reductions that helped the sector expand and modernize.
Regulatory framework of telecommunicationKarun Mahajan
The telecom industry in India is growing rapidly at 45-50% annually, facilitated by liberal government policies. The Telecom Commission is the high-level government body that oversees telecom policy formulation, licensing, and promotion of private investment in telecom. The Department of Telecommunications regulates telecom activities and licenses operators under laws like the Indian Telegraph Act. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India was established as an independent regulator to encourage fair competition and protect consumers.
The telecom industry in India is growing rapidly and is expected to triple in size by 2012, driven by rising demand. The government has actively supported the industry's growth through liberal policies beginning in 1994, opening the sector to private investment. This has provided significant opportunities for both domestic and foreign investors in manufacturing and infrastructure. Continued focus on expanding rural connectivity also presents substantial opportunities for further growth in the Indian telecom market.
The document provides an overview of the telecom sector in Oman, including:
- Oman has progressively liberalized and promoted competition in the telecom sector.
- Operators offer modern telecom services to consumers.
- The sector aims to liberalize investments to support economic and social development.
Final policy analysis presentation (2012)Lauren_ME
This document provides an overview and analysis of Lebanon's telecommunications policy. It discusses the history of the sector, the current regulatory framework, a proposed licensing regulation for internet service providers, and recommendations. Key points include that privatization efforts have led to more competition but bandwidth capacity remains low, the licensing regulation aims to increase transparency and internet penetration but fails to ensure fair competition with the state-owned company, and recommendations call for equalizing private and public sector access to infrastructure to truly liberalize the market.
This document provides an overview and analysis of Lebanon's telecommunications policy. It discusses the history of the sector, the current regulatory framework, a proposed licensing regulation for internet service providers, and recommendations. Key points include that liberalizing the sector by increasing competition and privatizing bandwidth capacity could boost investment and internet access, but the government-owned company currently has unfair advantages over private ISPs. Overall, true reform is needed to develop Lebanon's telecommunications industry and close its digital divide.
The document outlines the Sultanate of Oman's universal service policy and implementation strategy as established by the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA). It defines the scope of universal service to include basic telephony, internet access, broadband services, operator services, emergency services, public call boxes, telecenters, and maritime services. It describes criteria for selecting priority areas for universal service projects, including the presence of institutions, population levels, current lack of services, cost, and commercial viability. The document proposes tendering as the primary mechanism to implement universal service obligations, with a three-stage tender process. It also allows for using license conditions on existing operators and facilitating infrastructure sharing.
The telecommunications market in Oman saw significant growth in 2009. Mobile phone subscribers increased by 23% compared to 2008, with a penetration rate of 138%. Pre-paid subscribers make up 91% of the mobile segment. While Omantel and Nawras remain the dominant providers, mobile resellers captured 6.5% of the market within six months of launching services. The total number of mobile subscribers grew almost 197% over the past five years. Mobile ARPUs declined by around 15% in 2009 compared to 2007. Nawras' market share relative to Omantel is decreasing as Nawras' pre-paid subscriber base grows rapidly.
On July 14, 2014, the decree by virtue of which the Federal Law on Telecommunications and Broadcasting, and the Law of the Public System of Mexican Broadcasting, as well as other amendments, supplements and repeals to other related telecommunications and broadcasting legal provisions were enacted, was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation. The Decree became effective 3on August 13, 2014.
Tim Denton is the Commissioner of the CRTC (Canadian FCC). He spoke on Session 5: Muni Fiber Super Session at the Freedom to Connect 2009 conference.
If you'd like more info about the conference, see
http://freedom-to-connect.net/
This document provides a summary of the key points from the Consumers' Handbook on Telecommunications published by TRAI:
- It outlines the process for enrolling as a telecom consumer and obtaining a mobile connection, including the required documents, start-up kit contents, and types of vouchers.
- It describes the complaint redressal process, including establishing a complaint center with toll-free numbers, registering complaints and providing a unique docket number, timelines for resolution, and the option to appeal unresolved complaints.
- It covers other important consumer topics like quality of service and billing accuracy requirements, mobile number portability, curbing unwanted commercial communications, telecom tariffs and protections for
The document discusses the vision, broad objectives, history, responsibilities, and an upcoming event of the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC). The BTRC's vision is to facilitate connecting the unconnected through affordable telecommunication services using new technologies. Its objectives include encouraging orderly telecom development, ensuring access to reliable and reasonably priced services, and attracting local and foreign investors. BTRC was established in 2001 and regulates telecom operators in Bangladesh. It will co-host a regulators roundtable with the ITU in August 2018 to discuss emerging regulatory issues.
The document summarizes the key events in the liberalization of India's telecommunications sector:
- Private participation was initially allowed only in certain areas in 1984, but reforms in 1991 opened more areas to private and foreign investment.
- In 1994, wireless licenses were awarded through competitive bidding to attract foreign exchange, and the local manufacturing requirement was dropped.
- Struggling private cellular operators pledged high license fees in exchange for duopoly rights.
- The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) was established in 1997 to regulate the sector and ensure a level playing field, but its powers were initially unclear.
- The TRAI Act was amended in 2000 to clarify TRAI's regulatory powers
The New Telecom Policy 1999 updated the 1994 policy to reflect technological developments and make India an IT leader. It aimed to provide affordable communications for all, balance urban and rural access, and transform the sector into a competitive market. Major changes included allowing more service providers in each area with 20-year licenses, replacing fixed fees with one-time entry fees and revenue sharing, and opening additional services to competition like national long distance in 2000 and international long distance by 2002.
The document summarizes the key aspects of a proposed new telecoms regulatory framework in the European Union. The goals are to modernize current rules to drive investment in very high-capacity broadband networks, enable 5G connectivity, provide more focused regulation for services, and establish an efficient system of regulators. Specific proposals include reinforcing infrastructure competition, ensuring spectrum access and efficiency to support advanced connectivity, simplifying end-user protection rules, modernizing the universal service obligation, and strengthening the roles of national regulators and BEREC.
The document summarizes the experience of the Lao PDR in setting up its telecommunications regulatory authority, the National Authority of Post and Telecommunications (NAPT). It provides details on [1] the governance of the telecom sector prior to NAPT, [2] the functions and duties of NAPT, [3] NAPT's ICT policy approach including universal access, licensing and tariffs, and [4] the current structure and market in Lao PDR. It concludes with plans to review the sector and regulatory framework in 2010.
The Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC) regulates telecommunications in Bangladesh. It was established in 2002 under the Bangladesh Telecommunication Act of 2001. BTRC's vision is to facilitate connecting unconnected areas through affordable, quality telecom services using new technologies. Its objectives include encouraging orderly development of telecom systems to boost socioeconomic welfare, ensuring access to reliable and reasonably priced modern services, and establishing an efficient national telecom system that can compete internationally.
1) The document discusses trends in electronic communications including convergence of industries, the role of platforms, and implications for market structure and regulation.
2) Convergence is pushing formerly separate industries like telecoms, computing and broadcasting to provide similar services through digital technologies and IP networks. This disrupts traditional value chains and business models.
3) Platforms are increasingly important intermediaries, and their pricing structures and market power have regulatory implications. Bundles of services are also gaining importance but create strategic barriers.
4) Issues around market definition, access, and investment in new infrastructure like ultra-fast broadband networks are ongoing areas of focus for regulators as technologies continue to converge.
The document provides information about the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC). It states that BTRC was founded in 2001 to regulate telecommunications in Bangladesh, including wireless, cellular, satellite, and cable services. Statistics are given on mobile, internet, and landline subscribers in Bangladesh. BTRC's vision is to facilitate affordable telecom services and increase phone access to 10 per 100 people by 2010. The document also outlines BTRC's acts, policies, licenses, projects and career opportunities.
Telecommunications in India has evolved significantly over the past few decades. Private investment was introduced in the 1990s, and regulatory authorities like TRAI were established to oversee the sector. Spectrum was initially allotted without auction, leading to scandals. Current policy aims to increase rural connectivity, adopt new technologies like 4G, and simplify licensing while ensuring adequate spectrum availability. However, issues around spectrum allocation and its pricing continue to be debated.
Hold The Phone: Assessing the Rights of Wireless Handset Owners and the Network Neutrality Obligations of Carriers, presented at Carterfone and Open Access in the Digital Era
High Tech Law Institute, Santa Clara Law School, October 17, 2008
Telecommunication plays an important role in many sectors like education, banking, and government in Pakistan. However, the telecommunication industry in Pakistan faces several challenges, including poor network coverage, high tax rates, and strong competition from other providers. Additionally, issues like frequent power outages and security threats from terrorism make operating telecommunication networks difficult. To overcome these challenges, companies need to expand infrastructure to rural areas, open more customer service centers, and introduce affordable service plans. Addressing these problems will help Pakistan's telecommunication industry continue its growth and provide important connectivity services across the country.
The new telecom policy unveiled in India aims to revolutionize the telecom sector through a unified licensing regime, technology neutral licenses, and increased rural connectivity. The draft policy focuses on deregulating the sector, increasing broadband proliferation, and making India a global telecom manufacturing hub. It also aims to strengthen consumer protections, increase spectrum availability, and promote an environment supportive of telecom infrastructure and innovation.
The document summarizes Bangladesh's 1998 National Telecom Policy. The policy aims to develop telecom infrastructure to support the economy by providing affordable services nationwide. It sets objectives of orderly development, satisfying unmet demand, and enabling equitable competition. The vision is to facilitate universal access to basic and advanced services like mobile and internet. The policy outlines strategies like replacing analogue networks with digital, establishing a competitive framework, and mobilizing local and foreign resources including private sector investment.
The telecom industry in India is growing rapidly and is expected to triple in size by 2012, driven by rising demand. The government has actively supported the industry's growth through liberal policies beginning in 1994, opening the sector to private investment. This has provided significant opportunities for both domestic and foreign investors in manufacturing and infrastructure. Continued focus on expanding rural connectivity also presents substantial opportunities for further growth in the Indian telecom market.
The document provides an overview of the telecom sector in Oman, including:
- Oman has progressively liberalized and promoted competition in the telecom sector.
- Operators offer modern telecom services to consumers.
- The sector aims to liberalize investments to support economic and social development.
Final policy analysis presentation (2012)Lauren_ME
This document provides an overview and analysis of Lebanon's telecommunications policy. It discusses the history of the sector, the current regulatory framework, a proposed licensing regulation for internet service providers, and recommendations. Key points include that privatization efforts have led to more competition but bandwidth capacity remains low, the licensing regulation aims to increase transparency and internet penetration but fails to ensure fair competition with the state-owned company, and recommendations call for equalizing private and public sector access to infrastructure to truly liberalize the market.
This document provides an overview and analysis of Lebanon's telecommunications policy. It discusses the history of the sector, the current regulatory framework, a proposed licensing regulation for internet service providers, and recommendations. Key points include that liberalizing the sector by increasing competition and privatizing bandwidth capacity could boost investment and internet access, but the government-owned company currently has unfair advantages over private ISPs. Overall, true reform is needed to develop Lebanon's telecommunications industry and close its digital divide.
The document outlines the Sultanate of Oman's universal service policy and implementation strategy as established by the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA). It defines the scope of universal service to include basic telephony, internet access, broadband services, operator services, emergency services, public call boxes, telecenters, and maritime services. It describes criteria for selecting priority areas for universal service projects, including the presence of institutions, population levels, current lack of services, cost, and commercial viability. The document proposes tendering as the primary mechanism to implement universal service obligations, with a three-stage tender process. It also allows for using license conditions on existing operators and facilitating infrastructure sharing.
The telecommunications market in Oman saw significant growth in 2009. Mobile phone subscribers increased by 23% compared to 2008, with a penetration rate of 138%. Pre-paid subscribers make up 91% of the mobile segment. While Omantel and Nawras remain the dominant providers, mobile resellers captured 6.5% of the market within six months of launching services. The total number of mobile subscribers grew almost 197% over the past five years. Mobile ARPUs declined by around 15% in 2009 compared to 2007. Nawras' market share relative to Omantel is decreasing as Nawras' pre-paid subscriber base grows rapidly.
On July 14, 2014, the decree by virtue of which the Federal Law on Telecommunications and Broadcasting, and the Law of the Public System of Mexican Broadcasting, as well as other amendments, supplements and repeals to other related telecommunications and broadcasting legal provisions were enacted, was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation. The Decree became effective 3on August 13, 2014.
Tim Denton is the Commissioner of the CRTC (Canadian FCC). He spoke on Session 5: Muni Fiber Super Session at the Freedom to Connect 2009 conference.
If you'd like more info about the conference, see
http://freedom-to-connect.net/
This document provides a summary of the key points from the Consumers' Handbook on Telecommunications published by TRAI:
- It outlines the process for enrolling as a telecom consumer and obtaining a mobile connection, including the required documents, start-up kit contents, and types of vouchers.
- It describes the complaint redressal process, including establishing a complaint center with toll-free numbers, registering complaints and providing a unique docket number, timelines for resolution, and the option to appeal unresolved complaints.
- It covers other important consumer topics like quality of service and billing accuracy requirements, mobile number portability, curbing unwanted commercial communications, telecom tariffs and protections for
The document discusses the vision, broad objectives, history, responsibilities, and an upcoming event of the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC). The BTRC's vision is to facilitate connecting the unconnected through affordable telecommunication services using new technologies. Its objectives include encouraging orderly telecom development, ensuring access to reliable and reasonably priced services, and attracting local and foreign investors. BTRC was established in 2001 and regulates telecom operators in Bangladesh. It will co-host a regulators roundtable with the ITU in August 2018 to discuss emerging regulatory issues.
The document summarizes the key events in the liberalization of India's telecommunications sector:
- Private participation was initially allowed only in certain areas in 1984, but reforms in 1991 opened more areas to private and foreign investment.
- In 1994, wireless licenses were awarded through competitive bidding to attract foreign exchange, and the local manufacturing requirement was dropped.
- Struggling private cellular operators pledged high license fees in exchange for duopoly rights.
- The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) was established in 1997 to regulate the sector and ensure a level playing field, but its powers were initially unclear.
- The TRAI Act was amended in 2000 to clarify TRAI's regulatory powers
The New Telecom Policy 1999 updated the 1994 policy to reflect technological developments and make India an IT leader. It aimed to provide affordable communications for all, balance urban and rural access, and transform the sector into a competitive market. Major changes included allowing more service providers in each area with 20-year licenses, replacing fixed fees with one-time entry fees and revenue sharing, and opening additional services to competition like national long distance in 2000 and international long distance by 2002.
The document summarizes the key aspects of a proposed new telecoms regulatory framework in the European Union. The goals are to modernize current rules to drive investment in very high-capacity broadband networks, enable 5G connectivity, provide more focused regulation for services, and establish an efficient system of regulators. Specific proposals include reinforcing infrastructure competition, ensuring spectrum access and efficiency to support advanced connectivity, simplifying end-user protection rules, modernizing the universal service obligation, and strengthening the roles of national regulators and BEREC.
The document summarizes the experience of the Lao PDR in setting up its telecommunications regulatory authority, the National Authority of Post and Telecommunications (NAPT). It provides details on [1] the governance of the telecom sector prior to NAPT, [2] the functions and duties of NAPT, [3] NAPT's ICT policy approach including universal access, licensing and tariffs, and [4] the current structure and market in Lao PDR. It concludes with plans to review the sector and regulatory framework in 2010.
The Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC) regulates telecommunications in Bangladesh. It was established in 2002 under the Bangladesh Telecommunication Act of 2001. BTRC's vision is to facilitate connecting unconnected areas through affordable, quality telecom services using new technologies. Its objectives include encouraging orderly development of telecom systems to boost socioeconomic welfare, ensuring access to reliable and reasonably priced modern services, and establishing an efficient national telecom system that can compete internationally.
1) The document discusses trends in electronic communications including convergence of industries, the role of platforms, and implications for market structure and regulation.
2) Convergence is pushing formerly separate industries like telecoms, computing and broadcasting to provide similar services through digital technologies and IP networks. This disrupts traditional value chains and business models.
3) Platforms are increasingly important intermediaries, and their pricing structures and market power have regulatory implications. Bundles of services are also gaining importance but create strategic barriers.
4) Issues around market definition, access, and investment in new infrastructure like ultra-fast broadband networks are ongoing areas of focus for regulators as technologies continue to converge.
The document provides information about the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC). It states that BTRC was founded in 2001 to regulate telecommunications in Bangladesh, including wireless, cellular, satellite, and cable services. Statistics are given on mobile, internet, and landline subscribers in Bangladesh. BTRC's vision is to facilitate affordable telecom services and increase phone access to 10 per 100 people by 2010. The document also outlines BTRC's acts, policies, licenses, projects and career opportunities.
Telecommunications in India has evolved significantly over the past few decades. Private investment was introduced in the 1990s, and regulatory authorities like TRAI were established to oversee the sector. Spectrum was initially allotted without auction, leading to scandals. Current policy aims to increase rural connectivity, adopt new technologies like 4G, and simplify licensing while ensuring adequate spectrum availability. However, issues around spectrum allocation and its pricing continue to be debated.
Hold The Phone: Assessing the Rights of Wireless Handset Owners and the Network Neutrality Obligations of Carriers, presented at Carterfone and Open Access in the Digital Era
High Tech Law Institute, Santa Clara Law School, October 17, 2008
Telecommunication plays an important role in many sectors like education, banking, and government in Pakistan. However, the telecommunication industry in Pakistan faces several challenges, including poor network coverage, high tax rates, and strong competition from other providers. Additionally, issues like frequent power outages and security threats from terrorism make operating telecommunication networks difficult. To overcome these challenges, companies need to expand infrastructure to rural areas, open more customer service centers, and introduce affordable service plans. Addressing these problems will help Pakistan's telecommunication industry continue its growth and provide important connectivity services across the country.
The new telecom policy unveiled in India aims to revolutionize the telecom sector through a unified licensing regime, technology neutral licenses, and increased rural connectivity. The draft policy focuses on deregulating the sector, increasing broadband proliferation, and making India a global telecom manufacturing hub. It also aims to strengthen consumer protections, increase spectrum availability, and promote an environment supportive of telecom infrastructure and innovation.
The document summarizes Bangladesh's 1998 National Telecom Policy. The policy aims to develop telecom infrastructure to support the economy by providing affordable services nationwide. It sets objectives of orderly development, satisfying unmet demand, and enabling equitable competition. The vision is to facilitate universal access to basic and advanced services like mobile and internet. The policy outlines strategies like replacing analogue networks with digital, establishing a competitive framework, and mobilizing local and foreign resources including private sector investment.
EXPERTS’ REPORT ON NATIONAL ICT POLICY PHASE 2 REFORMS - PAPUA NEW GUINEA - M...Martyn Taylor
Experts report prepared by Freehills and Concept Economics in March 2009 in relation to Phase 2 of the telecommunications sector reforms in Papua New Guinea. The second of two experts reports released into the public domain. The documents are useful given their comprehensive coverage of telecommunications sector reform, including identifying international best practice in relation to developing nations.
This document outlines a Technical Quality of Service and Key Performance Indicators Regulation issued by the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Lebanon. It establishes mandatory minimum quality of service standards for service providers designated as having significant market power. The regulation defines key terms, outlines service provider obligations around quality of service and network outage reporting, and establishes compliance and penalty provisions to ensure adherence to the standards. It includes appendices defining technical quality of service principles, specifying the quality of service parameters and target levels, and providing a template for network outage reports.
The document provides an overview of mobile communications regulation from a legal perspective. It discusses three key points:
1. Telecommunications law and policy concern the ownership, control and access to large-scale electronic networks that connect people and businesses, whether fixed or mobile.
2. The objectives of telecommunications regulation generally involve promoting competition, ensuring widespread availability, and aiding consumer choice.
3. Spectrum management and allocation is an important part of telecommunications regulation, with countries developing National Frequency Allocation Tables based on international agreements and standards.
The document outlines steps that communities can take to encourage the deployment of fiber-to-the-home networks. It recommends that communities develop a clear broadband plan, ensure commitment from stakeholders, define an expeditious permitting process, make existing infrastructure like rights-of-way and poles accessible, proactively improve infrastructure by installing conduit and requiring fiber-readiness in new construction, and coordinate with providers. Taking these steps can significantly reduce deployment costs and encourage investment in fiber networks.
The Regulatory and Spectrum Management Scenario in Telecom Network OptimizationArief Gunawan
The document discusses regulatory impact analysis and spectrum management in telecom network optimization. It examines tools like regulatory checklists and principles of good regulation that regulatory authorities use to analyze new regulations. It also discusses optimizing license regimes through options like unified licensing that can reduce costs and regulatory complexity. Finally, it covers international frequency allocations by the ITU and considerations for national spectrum management policies to encourage efficient use of limited spectrum resources.
Functioning of TRAI,DoT&TDSAT IN TELECOMMUNICATIONSanjay Kumar
This document discusses the roles and functions of the key regulatory bodies that govern India's telecommunications sector - the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), and the Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal (TDSAT). It provides an overview of each organization, including that DoT manages licensing and spectrum, TRAI provides recommendations and regulates the sector as an independent body, and TDSAT handles disputes. The document also outlines some of the specific regulatory and recommendatory functions of these organizations in shaping policy and dispute resolution in India's large and rapidly growing telecom industry.
Operation management Telecom Sector in India Saurabh Tiwari
The document discusses the liberalization and growth of India's telecom sector over the past few decades. It outlines key policies and initiatives that opened the sector to private participation, including the National Telecom Policy of 1994 and 1999. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India was established in 1997 to regulate tariffs and promote fair competition. National long distance and international long distance services were opened to private operators in 2000 and 2002, respectively, accelerating expansion of telecom infrastructure across India.
Operation management Telecom Sector in IndiaSaurabh Tiwari
The document provides an overview of the liberalization and development of the telecom sector in India since 1994. It summarizes key policies and milestones that opened the sector to private participation, including the National Telecom Policy of 1994 and 1999. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India was established in 1997 to regulate tariffs and competition. Reforms led to growth in telecom infrastructure and falling prices for consumers.
The document provides an overview of the telecommunications market in Oman in 2005 from the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA). Some key points:
- Competition was introduced in the mobile sector in 2005 between Oman Mobile and Nawras, leading to a decline in mobile prices and increased choices for customers. The mobile teledensity reached 56.4% by the end of 2005.
- The number of mobile subscribers grew 65% to over 1.33 million in 2005. Prepaid subscriptions increased significantly faster than postpaid.
- TRA liberalized the sector and issued new licenses to encourage competition. It also worked to ensure fair prices and efficient management of numbers, frequencies and equipment.
- Mobile
Community Networks: Kenya Telecoop Project Concept Njiraini Mwende
Now referred to as Community Networks, this is concept is based on values of voluntary associations, resources and expertise available in local cooperatives and communities to provide telecommunication services. The rural Tel-coop concept is proposed for implementation in selected rural areas with the objective of improving connectivity and contributing to the achievement of the government’s policy objective universal access to ICT services.
This document outlines a research proposal to review Zambia's excise duty legislation on airtime to assess if it aligns with best practice taxation principles. The objectives are to identify shortcomings in the current law, compare it to other SADC countries, and recommend amendments. The justification is that this will provide insight into issues with the current law and help policymakers address problems to create an efficient regime. The methodology will include literature reviews of laws, reports and studies from Zambia and other jurisdictions.
This document discusses the importance of investing in high quality network infrastructure for telecommunications companies expanding into Africa. It argues that opting for lower quality leads to higher costs over the long run due to increased maintenance needs and lost revenue from service disruptions. While lower initial costs are attractive, the document advocates for focusing on quality to maximize return on investment and reduce operating expenses through a longer-lasting network with fewer issues. It provides examples of African mobile carriers facing regulatory fines and criticism for poor quality services due to inadequate infrastructure investment and maintenance.
The document is the TRA (Telecommunications Regulatory Authority) Annual Report for 2011. It provides an overview of the telecom sector in Oman, highlights of TRA's activities and regulatory initiatives in 2011, and discusses TRA's vision, mission, and functions. Some key points:
- Telecom sector saw remarkable growth and improvements over the last decade in Oman.
- In 2011, TRA issued new regulations, conducted surveys, approved new services/tariffs, and issued radio licenses to facilitate expansion of telecom networks.
- Going forward, TRA aims to further enhance competition, coverage, and high-speed broadband access across Oman.
This document provides a summary of the history and development of the Indian telecom sector from 1851 to 2012. It covers the establishment of the telegraph department in 1851, the creation of separate postal and telecom departments in 1985, the introduction of private operators after reforms in 1999, and growth of the sector to over 950 million subscribers by 2012. Key milestones and policies like the New Telecom Policy of 1999 and establishment of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India in 1997 are also summarized.
This document provides a summary of the history and development of the Indian telecom sector from 1851 to 2012. It covers the establishment of the telegraph department in 1851, the creation of separate postal and telecom departments in 1985, the introduction of private operators after reforms in 1999, and growth of the sector to over 950 million subscribers by 2012. Key milestones and policies that enabled growth, such as the New Telecom Policy of 1999, establishment of regulatory authorities TRAI and TDSAT, are also summarized.
The National Telecom Policy 2012 aimed to increase rural tele-density and broadband access across India. Key objectives included providing minimum 2 Mbps broadband nationwide by 2015, and higher speeds of 100 Mbps on demand. It also sought to promote indigenous manufacturing to meet 60-80% of telecom equipment demand domestically by 2020. The policy focused on expanding telecom infrastructure through public-private partnerships and designating telecom as an infrastructure sector.
This document is the Communications Regulatory Commission of Mongolia's 2010 Performance and Accountability Report. It provides an overview of the CRC, including its mission to regulate Mongolia's ICT, telecommunications, broadcasting and postal sectors. The report outlines the CRC's regulatory activities and performance in fiscal year 2010, including licensing operators, managing radio frequency spectrum, regulating tariffs, promoting competition, and implementing universal service obligations. It also discusses the CRC's organizational structure, staffing, finances and international cooperation activities.
This document outlines the content of a graphic design fundamentals course (GDF 111) that covers topics such as typography, typeface categories, type characteristics including size, line length, style, leading, spacing, format, and layout tips. It also discusses graphic creation using vector and bitmap programs, pixels, file formats, basic photo design, digital cameras/scanning, and considerations for website design such as determining goals, user goals, costs, timelines, tasks, acquiring content, and using talent. The course aims to teach fundamental design principles and skills.
This document outlines the content of a course on graphic design fundamentals. It covers topics such as the definition of graphic design, the design process, basic design elements like line, shape, value, texture, size and color. It also discusses principles of design including balance, proximity, emphasis and rhythm. Specific concepts taught include typography, logos, visual hierarchy, color theory, gestalt principles and the psychology of color. The course examines both traditional and digital graphic design. It aims to provide students with an understanding of graphic design elements, principles, processes and how to effectively communicate visual messages.
This document provides an overview of a graphic design fundamentals course. It defines graphic design as visual communication used to convey messages and notes that it is ubiquitous. The course objectives are to define graphic design and familiarize students with major specializations within the field, which include advertising, branding, identity design, and others. It also outlines career opportunities for graphic designers such as at advertising agencies, publishers, and design studios.
The Swedish telecommunications sector has historically been dominated by Ericsson and dependent on its innovations. Ericsson's success in mobile communications in the 1980s-90s drove significant economic growth in Sweden. However, the Swedish innovation system became overly reliant on one firm, Ericsson, which accounted for the majority of telecom manufacturing. While this strengthened Sweden's telecom sector, it also created vulnerabilities if Ericsson failed. Early cooperation between Ericsson and the Swedish telecom operator Televerket, including jointly developing switching systems, helped drive both companies' competitiveness.
Telecommunication access in developing countries like Bangladesh has economic and social benefits. Studies have found that phones enable important financial discussions for rural families receiving remittances. In Bangladesh, phones have also been used to generate income by reselling minutes. However, these income benefits are not seen everywhere. Other research found telephones save time and costs for travel or postage but have little direct impact on income generation, except for wealthier individuals. Phones also strengthen social networks which are important for informal economies, helping to access information on jobs, remittances, and housing. While business uses are important, most phone use in developing countries is for social contact with family and friends.
This document discusses spectrum management. It begins by introducing radio spectrum and its importance for various applications. It then discusses trends driving increased spectrum demand, such as growth in mobile services and new technologies. This has placed pressure on regulators to balance competing spectrum needs. The document outlines the international, regional, and national frameworks for spectrum management, including the roles of the International Telecommunication Union and national regulatory administrations in allocating and assigning spectrum licenses. The objectives of spectrum management are to achieve technical and economic efficiencies while also meeting public policy goals.
The document provides an overview of Bangladesh's public switched telephone network (PSTN) telecom sector and competitive landscape. It discusses key developments like allowing additional operators in lucrative urban areas and deregulation. Historically, Bangladesh Telecommunications Company Limited (BTTB) had a monopoly until private operators entered the market in the late 1980s and 1990s with poor performance. The market was further liberalized in 2004 with 37 zone licenses issued. While the mobile sector grew rapidly, the PSTN market saw slow subscriber growth of private operators totaling 205,355 by 2007. BTTB also experienced negative growth and declining revenues despite growing internet subscribers.
The mobile telecom sector in Bangladesh has experienced substantial growth over the last ten years. Mobile subscribers have increased from less than 1% of the population before 2000 to over 20% in 2007. There are currently over 30 million mobile subscribers across six operators in Bangladesh. Intense competition among operators has led to reduced tariffs, improved quality, and increased innovation in services. The mobile sector now generates over US$1 billion in annual revenue and covers over 95% of the country's geography.
The document discusses trends in telecommunication reforms and the transition to next-generation networks (NGN). Key points include:
- Telecom sectors are evolving from service-specific networks to advanced IP-based networks capable of providing a full range of services.
- While NGN will be an evolution, not a revolution, the move to all-IP networks is unstoppable.
- Developed countries are more likely to adopt fixed NGN access like fiber, while wireless will remain important for mobility. Regulators aim to balance innovation and competition during the NGN transition.
Introduction to Telecom Business & Management (ETE 521 L2)Nazirul Islam Zico
The document provides an overview of the telecommunication sector in Bangladesh, including its history, structure, key players and recent developments. It discusses the evolution of the sector from state-run monopolies to increased privatization and competition. Several charts and figures are presented analyzing trends in mobile and fixed-line subscriber growth, revenue, market share and ARPU among the major operators. The document aims to give context to the management of telecom businesses and the challenges in Bangladesh.
The document discusses the transition to Next Generation Networks (NGNs). Traditional telecom networks are being replaced by IP-based networks capable of integrating different access technologies and services. This allows for the convergence of fixed, mobile, and data networks. NGNs aim to reduce costs through infrastructure optimization while creating new revenue sources by offering converged services like triple play bundles. However, successful business models for NGNs remain uncertain and will depend on demonstrating clear benefits to customers.
Astrology involves beliefs that positions of celestial objects can provide information about human affairs, while astronomy is the scientific study of celestial objects and phenomena outside Earth's atmosphere. The document discusses popular practices in astrology like horoscopes and zodiac signs. It notes that while some people understand astronomy studies what happens around Earth, others incorrectly think astronomy and astrology are the same or that astrologers study astronomy. The document aims to understand public awareness and beliefs regarding astrology and astronomy in Bangladesh.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
3. Commission by Act: A separate autonomous
Regulatory Commission under the Ministry of Post &
Telecommunications will be established by an Act of
Parliament and it may consist of a Chairman and a
number of Members to be appointed by the
Government. No members of the Commission will be
from among the serving employees or directors of any
telecommunication operator. Part time members may
also be appointed as and when deemed necessary.
4. Features of the Commission:
(a) Independence: The Regulatory Commission
will be an autonomous commission which will
retain its independence. The head of the
Commission as well as the Members will be
appointed for a fixed period of time.
(b) Transparency: The Commission will be
transparent in all its activities to the operators,
interested parties engaged in
telecommunications, Government agencies and
the people in general. It will ensure equity & fair
play by providing a level playing field for all
operators.
5. (c) Adaptability : Telecommunication technology is
fast advancing and continuously changing. The
Commission will have the ability and obligation to
adapt to the changing environment in the sector .
(d) Objectivity : The activities of the Commission will
be objective in nature. In the formulation of
regulations, guidelines etc the objective should be
compatible to the role as a catalyst making the country
a member of the global telecommunication family.
6. Functions of Commission : The Primary Functions of the Regulatory Commission are
(i) issue operator licenses,
(ii) regulation of tariffs,
(iii) setting of technical standards
(iv) monitoring of service quality and adherence to rules and
regulations by the operators
(v) management of radio frequency spectrum,
(vi) preparation of national numbering scheme,
(vii) assistance in preparing routing, charging and transmission plans,
(viii) guidance for interconnection between the operators and
revenue sharing for inter- operator traffic,
(ix) stimulation for investment to facilitate introduction of new services,
(x) representation of the country in the international telecommunication bodies1,
(xi) setting standards & qualifications for different categories of personnel of all
operators based on their services and
(xii) any other functions and activities as may be considered necessary by the
Government
7. Spectrum Management and Monitoring : the frequency
spectrum, considered to be a valuable resource will be managed in
an orderly and equitable manner and will be used as the basis for
creation of complete radio communication network systems. The
Commission will resolve the problem of over- lapping frequency at
shared borders of the operators .
It will ensure the assignment of frequency bands with the
neighbouring countries according to the Table of Frequency given
by ITU. It will also set up Frequency Monitoring Cell and will
impose penalty in case of infringement upon assigned frequencies
or unauthorized use of frequencies.
Licensing Procedure: A comprehensive licensing system will be
developed to ensure its orderly , efficient and effective application.
The issuing of licenses to respondents who are qualified according
to the set criteria will be carried out through a bidding or an open
tender or any other procedure set by the Government .
8. Inter- connection and Revenue Sharing :
Understanding that revenue sharing agreements vary
widely in different countries and are never easy to
formulate the Government takes the position that
revenue sharing agreements should be negotiated
between carrier and that they will generally be cost
based.
However, in the event for a dispute between any
parties which are unable to negotiate successfully, the
Commission shall consider dispute through hearing
and the decisions of the commission shall be final
though they may be appealed to Government .
9. Representing the Country: The Commission may attend
the meetings of the regional and international
telecommunications bodies, dealing with the questions of
general sectoral policy and participate in framing of
international regulations in this field.
Protection of Users Interest: The Commission will be
responsible for the supervision of the telecommunications
services to ensure that the interests of the users are
protected and balanced. It will also ensure that the interests
of the nation are given priority over other interests. The
Commission will define the mechanism in which the views of
the operators and the users of the telecommunications
services could be periodically obtained. The Commission
may hold public hearings on important issues of public
interest.
10. Enforcement Mechanism: The Regulatory Commission will be
vested with definite duties and power to implement the policy
decisions and ensure compliance of set rules and procedures. The
Commission will have legal authority to ensure and enforce
regulatory measures, keeping in view the national security public
order and defence of the country.
It will monitor implementation of development programmes of and
ensure operation of telecommunication services by the operators
in accordance with the provisions of the concerned license. The
Commission will have authority to take punitive actions ranging
from imposing fine to closure of services against the defaulting
operators.
Network Management : Under the Commission a network
management cell will be created to overview the harmonization
and optimization of the networks available and to be developed in
future. It will set network standards, numbering /code plans and
prepare network master plan etc. This is imperative in an inter-
operator environment .
11. Service Standard : The Commission will set standards
for different services within the principles and
standards set by various Regional and International
Telecommunication bodies.
In this connection, the commission will set standards,
qualifications and number of personnel in each
category for all operators based on their services.
These standards will be binding on all operators.
Failure to meet these standards will attract penal
action by the Commission .
13. Liberalization : In accordance with the overall
national policy, the liberalization of the
telecommunications sector will continue. The
approach is to encourage a sound and orderly
competition between the private and public sector as
well as among the various private sector operators
themselves to achieve efficient and quality service
concentrating initially on the value- added services.
However, the Government retains the sole authority
to determine the number of competitors that are
economically viable for certain services. The strategy
is to provide equal and rational opportunities to all
competitors
14. International Services: The
international services will, however ,
be operated exclusively by the
Government through Bangladesh.
Telegraph and Telephone Board or its
lawful successor unless other wise
decided by the Government .
15. Service Obligation : Universal
service obligations for basic telephone
service will be included in licenses of
all network operators Inter –
connections between networks,
forming part of the public network,
will be mandated in accordance with
the guidelines to be issued by the
commission .
17. Research and Development : A National Institute
of Research and Development (NIRD) in
telecommunications will be established . The
operators, manufacturers and any other organizations
and persons involved in telecommunications will be
encouraged to carry out research and development
activities to support local growth and transfer of
technology. The requirement to carry out R&D will be
a part of the conditions under which licenses are
issued and at least 1% of the annual expenditure
should be allocated for the purpose.
18. Human Resource Development : The creation of
trained and skilled manpower in all fields of
telecommunications will be stressed. All
telecommunications enterprises are encouraged to
establish their own training programs. The need to
crate short, medium and long term plans for the
training of manpower for all operators is imperative.
Efforts must be made to establish a National Institute
for Human Resource Development in
Telecommunications (NIHRDT)1 in the country by
upgrading the existing Telecommunication Staff
College of BTTB at Gazipur.
19. PROMOTION OF LOCAL
MANUFACTURE:
The fact being recognised that telecommunications stand at the leading
edge of technology and in order to strengthen the economic growth, spur
technology transfer and adapt new technology, local manufacture and
assembly of telecommunications equipments will be encouraged and
geared up for local consumption and competition in the external market.
The use of local products of acceptable standard and competitive price is
to be made obligatory through regulations for all the service providers.
Moreover, incentives will also be provided to encourage growth of the
local telecommunications industry .
The already functioning two large factories namely Telephone Shilpha
Sangstha (TSS) , at Tongi and Bangladesh Cable Shilpha (BCS) Ltd. at
Khulna, will be vital launching pads to embark upon large scale
involvement in the manufacturing field.
However appropriate plans for modernization and diversification of
products in these two factories need to be implemented as soon as
possible. In this regard, joint collaboration1 with reputed manufacture(s)
as already exists (exist) or by induction of new ones, will be taken into
consideration. The Government will also consider the privatization of TSS
and BCS.
20. THE ACTS ON
TELECOMMUNICATIONS:
There are, in the country, a number of Acts which govern and
regulate various telecommunications activities like the
telecommunications between two points, audio broadcasting of
radio messages or programs for the specified group of people
or the public in general and telecasting of simultaneous audio –
visual programs.
The Telegraph Act 1885 ,The Wireless Act 1933 , The Radio
Broadcasting Act 1975 and 1992 and The Television
Broadcasting Act 1965 which regulate these activities may be
considered for a combined Telecommunication Act applicable
for all the allied services of telecommunications .
While acknowledging the freedom of information as an
important element of the modern World, the new Act may
include restrictions to communications and broadcasts which
are regarded as incompatible to the national security and
harmful to the society.
21. CONCLUSION :
This National Telecommunications Policy is a summary
statement of the philosophy, objectives, strategies and the
methodology to ensure equitable and judicious execution of
the business of telecommunications in the country .
However, the Government may from time to time make
changes, modifications, additions to the policy and may
review the policy at certain intervals for updating and
satisfying the need of the time.
The general guideline embodied in this policy document
emphasizes faster development of telecommunications
network coupled with improved quality of service in line
with the national development, thereby fulfilling the vision
and aspiration to take Bangladesh to a position of honour in
the comity of nations in the 21st century.
23. POLICY OBJECTIVES:
ILDTS Policy is formulated to achieve the following
objectives:
Uphold subscribers’ interest. Provide low cost
international telecommunication services using modern
technologies.
Encourage local businesses and enterprises in
telecommunication sector.
Ensure healthy and motivating revenue to all
stakeholders, service providers and other related
entities.
Stop foreign currency siphoning and money laundering.
Ensure proper revenue earning of the government.
Ensure national security and protect national interest.
Encourage Next Generation Network (NGN) Technology.
24. VOICE SERVICES: Network Topology
Network architecture shall be based on three layers with
appropriate equipment and technologies.
The first layer is the IGW. IGWs will be connected with
submarine cable network and with ICX only. IGWs will
have Satellite Earth Station or VSAT as backup until
alternative submarine cable(s) are available.
The second layer is the ICX. ICXs will be connected with
IGWs and Access Network Service (ANS) operators.
The third layer is the ANS operators who provide
services to end users directly. This layer is to ensure the
connectivity between the ICXs and the subscribers.
25. VOICE SERVICES: International
Gateways (IGW)
There shall be 3 (three) IGWs in addition to BTTB IGW. There shall
be 3 (three) IGW operators in addition to BTTB.
Location of the 3 (three) new IGWs will be at Dhaka.
IGWs will have primary backbone connection towards international
network through SEA–ME-WE-4 submarine cable or through other
submarine cables whenever available.
IGWs will have backup connectivity through Satellite Earth
Station/VSAT until the availability of alternative submarine cable(s).
IGWs will have physical connections with ICXs. ICXs will develop
and maintain interconnection facilities to connect the IGWs to ICXs
and ICXs to ANS operators via their POPs.
IGWs will provide international voice call services including VoIP
termination and origination.
IGW operators will arrange end-to-end service level agreements and
will negotiate tariff with overseas carriers for call origination and
termination by themselves. Agreed tariff will be vetted by BTRC.
26. VOICE SERVICES:
Interconnection Exchange (ICX)
Initially there shall be 6 (six) ICXs in addition to BTTB ICXs. There shall be
2 (two) ICX Operators each having 3 ICXs in addition to BTTB.
Each ICX Operators will have one ICX in Dhaka and two more ICXs in two of the following
cities namely Chittagong, Khulna, Sylhet and Bogra. Distribution/allocation of ICX site to
the Operators will be done by BTRC. Depending on traffic volume and to allow more rural
people to be connected with the network more ICXs will be setup under BTRC guidance in
future.
ICXs will have physical connections with IGWs at Dhaka.
All ICXs will be interconnected at their own arrangement, either through existing backbone
or by establishing new backbone networks where such networks are not available.
International incoming and outgoing voice calls including VoIP will be routed
through ICXs.
ICXs will route/switch domestic inter operators telecommunication services. All ANS
operators must interconnect through ICXs.
ICXs will serve as the Point of Presence (POP) for the neighbouring areas. All ICX operators
shall make necessary provisions for the ANS operators to
connect at their POPs.
ICXs should support number portability, International Mobile Equipment Identification
(IMEI) number, ENUM and other Next Generation Network (NGN) services as and when
required.
27. VOICE SERVICES: Access Network
ANS operators under each ICX POP
shall at their own arrangement be
connected to their respective ICX
POPs through optical
fiber/wire/wireless means.
All ANS operators under each POP
area shall be connected to the ICXs of
that area for regional inter operator
traffic transactions.
28. DATA SERVICES:
Network Topology
Network architecture shall be based on two
layers with appropriate equipments and
technologies.
The first layer is the International Internet
Gateway (IIG) and National
Internet Exchange (NIX). It will be connected
with submarine cable network and ANS
operator. IIGs will have Satellite Earth Station or
VSAT as backup until the availability of
alternative submarine cable(s).
The second layer is the ANS operators. This
layer is to ensure the connectivity between the
IXs and the end users for data services.
29. DATA SERVICES:Internet
Exchange (IX)
Initially there shall be 2 (Two) IXs under one operator in addition to existing IXs.
Location of the IXs will be at Dhaka and Chittagong. Depending on traffic volume
and to allow more rural people to be connected with the network more
IXs will be setup under BTRC guidance in future.
All IXs will be interconnected at their own arrangement, either through existing
backbone or by establishing new backbone networks where such networks are not
available.
International incoming and outgoing data services will be routed through IIG part of
IXs. However, the Internet-based non business voice traffic should not exceed the
limit decided by BTRC.
NIX part of IXs will route domestic inter operators data services.
IXs shall make necessary provisions to connect the ANS operators to provide data
services to the subscribers.
IIGs will have backup connectivity through Satellite Earth Station/VSAT until
the availability of alternative submarine cable(s).
30. Access Network
ANS operators under each IX shall at
their own arrangement be connected to
the IX through optical fiber / wire
/wireless / VSAT HUB means.
31. IP TELEPHONY
To provide easy and affordable telecommunication
services to the common people of the country by
promoting and using latest technology, IP Telephony
should be introduced.
It will help to sustain already grown young
entrepreneurs and to grow more such entrepreneurs
in the rural areas thereby solving unemployment
problem to a great extent.
BTRC will issue necessary guidelines and licenses for
introducing IP Telephony services in the country.
32. LICENSES:
BTRC will issue the following category
of Licenses.
IGW Operator License.
ICX Operator License.
IX Operator License.
IP Telephony License.
33. VSAT:
Indiscriminate use of VSAT has been one of the means of
conducting unauthorized VoIP call businesses. As such it is
crucial to control unauthorized usages of VSAT. VSAT will
not be allowed for voice services except IGWs. VSAT
connected to IXs will be allowed for data communication
only.
All domestic VSAT HUBs must be connected to the IX. No
new VSAT licenses will be issued and the existing VSATs will
remain operative until the IX ensures backup connectivity
by VSAT. VSATs other than the IX operator will gradually be
withdrawn under the guideline of BTRC.
BTRC will review existing VSAT HUB licenses and issue
additional licenses if necessary. BTRC will take strong
measures to curb unauthorized VoIP call business with
VSAT.
34. MONITORING AND NATIONAL
SECURITY:
IGWs, ICXs, IXs, ANS, IP Telephony and VSAT HUB operators
necessary connections including necessary equipment and
software to BTRC for online and off line monitoring.
IGWs, ICXs, IXs, ANS and IP Telephony operators will provide
Record (CDR) and/or any other monitoring facilities of voice for
on-line and off-line monitoring by BTRC.
IGWs, ICXs, IXs, ANS, IP Telephony and VSAT HUB operators
access to Law Enforcing Agency (LEA) for lawful Interception
Bangladesh Telecommunication Act, 2001 (as amended) including
equipment and software.
BTRC will establish monitoring center at submarine cable landing
needed.
Monitoring facilities will be established by respective operators
data communication using IPLC. IPLC Monitoring facilities
extended to BTRC and LEA for on-line and off-line monitoring
necessary equipment and software by respective operators.
35. CONCLUSION:
The accelerated pace of technological development
continuously increases alternative options for better and
affordable services for the public.
To keep up with the rapidly changing advances, it has been
ascertained that stateowned enterprises alone do not have
the required flexibility to cope up with mounting demands.
The policy provisions will empower private sector, increase
competition and reduce the disparity of access to
international long distance telecommunication services and
domestic interconnection services.
Superior telecommunications environment is believed to
help eliminate infrastructure bottlenecks and promote
growth in the commercial and industrial sectors as well.
The government is devoted and determined in accelerating
momentous progress of our promising Telecommunication
Sector.