This document provides recommendations on telecommunications sector policy and liberalization in Oman. It summarizes the current telecom market situation, including low fixed line and household penetration compared to other GCC countries. It identifies key challenges of enabling universal service, encouraging advanced services, and establishing economic regulation in a competitive market.
The document recommends a phased liberalization approach over 5 years, beginning with open entry for value-added and data services in 2003. It proposes establishing a Universal Service Fund financed by operator contributions to support rural connectivity projects. Operators would be permitted to bid on subsidized rural projects. The recommendations aim to increase rural access, introduce competition gradually, and establish effective economic regulation of the liberalizing telecom sector in O
Tariff Policy in Mongolia
URANZAYA ERDENECHULUUN
Space and Radio Communications Division
Information Technology, Post and Telecommunications Authority
Information Technology, Post and Telecommunications
Authority is in charge of formulating the law, regulation and
development policies in the ICT development matter.
Communications Regulatory Commission /CRC/ shall
work with functions to develop effective and fair competition
environment for market participants issue licenses, work out
professional conclusions and decisions. (Law on
Communication)
ITU Regional Seminar on Costs and Tariffs for SG3RG-AO
Tokyo, Japan
8-9 April, 2013
The document provides an overview of the telecommunications market in Oman in 2005 from the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA). Some key points:
- Competition was introduced in the mobile sector in 2005 between Oman Mobile and Nawras, leading to a decline in mobile prices and increased choices for customers. The mobile teledensity reached 56.4% by the end of 2005.
- The number of mobile subscribers grew 65% to over 1.33 million in 2005. Prepaid subscriptions increased significantly faster than postpaid.
- TRA liberalized the sector and issued new licenses to encourage competition. It also worked to ensure fair prices and efficient management of numbers, frequencies and equipment.
- Mobile
The TRA annual report for 2012 provides an overview of the telecommunications sector in Oman and the TRA's activities that year. Some key initiatives included extending mobile coverage to 250 unserved villages, migrating non-commercial spectrum use to free up bands for commercial services, and benchmarking telecom prices. The TRA also worked to improve quality of service, strengthen competition regulations, and review the licensing framework to promote further investment and competition. Overall, the telecom sector in Oman saw continued growth and progress in 2012 towards the national goal of developing a knowledge-based economy and society.
The document outlines the Sultanate of Oman's universal service policy and implementation strategy as established by the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA). It defines the scope of universal service to include basic telephony, internet access, broadband services, operator services, emergency services, public call boxes, telecenters, and maritime services. It describes criteria for selecting priority areas for universal service projects, including the presence of institutions, population levels, current lack of services, cost, and commercial viability. The document proposes tendering as the primary mechanism to implement universal service obligations, with a three-stage tender process. It also allows for using license conditions on existing operators and facilitating infrastructure sharing.
The telecom sector in India has undergone significant reforms and liberalization since the 1990s. Key policies like NTP 1994, 1999 and TRAI 1997 helped open the sector to private players and spur growth. As a result, tele-density increased from just 1% in 1991 to over 61% by 2010. The document outlines the major milestones in the liberalization process, including opening up of national long distance, international long distance, broadband and other services to private competition. It also discusses policy initiatives like unified licensing, USO fund, and tariff reductions that helped the sector expand and modernize.
Legislative and jurisprudential developments in the telecommunications sector...Michal
The Telecommunications Law Act1 (in Polish: Prawo Telekomunikacyjne,
hereafter: PT) was subject to a number of amendments in 2011 introduced by
the Amendment Act of 14 April 2011 and the Amendment Act of 16 September
2011 as well as by the separate Act of 30 June 2011 on the implementation of
digital terrestrial television.
In response to the reservations expressed by the European Commission
regarding the compatibility of the way in which regulatory obligations
concerning the setting of wholesale prices are imposed in Poland, the
Amendment Act of 14 April 2011 changed Articles 39 and 40 PT2. The direct
reason for this amendment was set out in a reasoned opinion prepared by the
Commission in October 2010 under Article 258 TFEU3. It was stated therein
that Polish rules regarding the establishment of wholesale prices may give
rise to legal uncertainty and may be discriminatory towards certain telecoms
operators.
Stimulating Broadband through
Universal Service
Convergence of Era Broadband training program
2-4 April , 2012
Hyderabad, India
SOLONGO MALTAR
(solongo@ictpa.gov.mn)
Information, Communications Technology and Post Authority
Mongolia
Operation management Telecom Sector in India Saurabh Tiwari
The document discusses the liberalization and growth of India's telecom sector over the past few decades. It outlines key policies and initiatives that opened the sector to private participation, including the National Telecom Policy of 1994 and 1999. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India was established in 1997 to regulate tariffs and promote fair competition. National long distance and international long distance services were opened to private operators in 2000 and 2002, respectively, accelerating expansion of telecom infrastructure across India.
Tariff Policy in Mongolia
URANZAYA ERDENECHULUUN
Space and Radio Communications Division
Information Technology, Post and Telecommunications Authority
Information Technology, Post and Telecommunications
Authority is in charge of formulating the law, regulation and
development policies in the ICT development matter.
Communications Regulatory Commission /CRC/ shall
work with functions to develop effective and fair competition
environment for market participants issue licenses, work out
professional conclusions and decisions. (Law on
Communication)
ITU Regional Seminar on Costs and Tariffs for SG3RG-AO
Tokyo, Japan
8-9 April, 2013
The document provides an overview of the telecommunications market in Oman in 2005 from the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA). Some key points:
- Competition was introduced in the mobile sector in 2005 between Oman Mobile and Nawras, leading to a decline in mobile prices and increased choices for customers. The mobile teledensity reached 56.4% by the end of 2005.
- The number of mobile subscribers grew 65% to over 1.33 million in 2005. Prepaid subscriptions increased significantly faster than postpaid.
- TRA liberalized the sector and issued new licenses to encourage competition. It also worked to ensure fair prices and efficient management of numbers, frequencies and equipment.
- Mobile
The TRA annual report for 2012 provides an overview of the telecommunications sector in Oman and the TRA's activities that year. Some key initiatives included extending mobile coverage to 250 unserved villages, migrating non-commercial spectrum use to free up bands for commercial services, and benchmarking telecom prices. The TRA also worked to improve quality of service, strengthen competition regulations, and review the licensing framework to promote further investment and competition. Overall, the telecom sector in Oman saw continued growth and progress in 2012 towards the national goal of developing a knowledge-based economy and society.
The document outlines the Sultanate of Oman's universal service policy and implementation strategy as established by the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA). It defines the scope of universal service to include basic telephony, internet access, broadband services, operator services, emergency services, public call boxes, telecenters, and maritime services. It describes criteria for selecting priority areas for universal service projects, including the presence of institutions, population levels, current lack of services, cost, and commercial viability. The document proposes tendering as the primary mechanism to implement universal service obligations, with a three-stage tender process. It also allows for using license conditions on existing operators and facilitating infrastructure sharing.
The telecom sector in India has undergone significant reforms and liberalization since the 1990s. Key policies like NTP 1994, 1999 and TRAI 1997 helped open the sector to private players and spur growth. As a result, tele-density increased from just 1% in 1991 to over 61% by 2010. The document outlines the major milestones in the liberalization process, including opening up of national long distance, international long distance, broadband and other services to private competition. It also discusses policy initiatives like unified licensing, USO fund, and tariff reductions that helped the sector expand and modernize.
Legislative and jurisprudential developments in the telecommunications sector...Michal
The Telecommunications Law Act1 (in Polish: Prawo Telekomunikacyjne,
hereafter: PT) was subject to a number of amendments in 2011 introduced by
the Amendment Act of 14 April 2011 and the Amendment Act of 16 September
2011 as well as by the separate Act of 30 June 2011 on the implementation of
digital terrestrial television.
In response to the reservations expressed by the European Commission
regarding the compatibility of the way in which regulatory obligations
concerning the setting of wholesale prices are imposed in Poland, the
Amendment Act of 14 April 2011 changed Articles 39 and 40 PT2. The direct
reason for this amendment was set out in a reasoned opinion prepared by the
Commission in October 2010 under Article 258 TFEU3. It was stated therein
that Polish rules regarding the establishment of wholesale prices may give
rise to legal uncertainty and may be discriminatory towards certain telecoms
operators.
Stimulating Broadband through
Universal Service
Convergence of Era Broadband training program
2-4 April , 2012
Hyderabad, India
SOLONGO MALTAR
(solongo@ictpa.gov.mn)
Information, Communications Technology and Post Authority
Mongolia
Operation management Telecom Sector in India Saurabh Tiwari
The document discusses the liberalization and growth of India's telecom sector over the past few decades. It outlines key policies and initiatives that opened the sector to private participation, including the National Telecom Policy of 1994 and 1999. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India was established in 1997 to regulate tariffs and promote fair competition. National long distance and international long distance services were opened to private operators in 2000 and 2002, respectively, accelerating expansion of telecom infrastructure across India.
This document provides information about Thailand's upcoming auction of 1800 MHz spectrum licenses for mobile telecommunications services. It outlines the key objectives of the auction as being to efficiently assign spectrum in a way that promotes market competition, improves service quality and reduces costs for the public. The document provides background on Thailand's economy, telecom market and regulations. It describes the licenses being auctioned, the application and licensing process, and the auction methodology and rules. The overall purpose is to inform potential bidders on the spectrum licensing process for 1800 MHz bands in Thailand.
The New Telecom Policy 1999 updated the 1994 policy to reflect technological developments and make India an IT leader. It aimed to provide affordable communications for all, balance urban and rural access, and transform the sector into a competitive market. Major changes included allowing more service providers in each area with 20-year licenses, replacing fixed fees with one-time entry fees and revenue sharing, and opening additional services to competition like national long distance in 2000 and international long distance by 2002.
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION REGARDING CELL PHONES SERVICESPrashant Kumar
This document is a project report submitted by Prashant Kumar to his faculty guide Dr. Devendra Kumar Pandey on a study of customer satisfaction with cell phone services. The report includes an introduction on India's growing telecom sector, objectives to study customer satisfaction levels and awareness of new phones. It also reviews literature and describes the methodology used, including hypotheses. Key findings and suggestions will be analyzed, with the goal of understanding customer satisfaction.
The telecom industry in India has grown rapidly in recent years due to liberal government policies. The regulatory framework includes the Telecom Commission, Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal (TDSAT), and Wireless Planning and Coordination Wing (WPC). TRAI acts as an independent regulator but the DoT has discretion over TRAI's recommendations. Key laws governing the sector are the Indian Telegraph Act of 1885, Indian Wireless Telegraphy Act of 1933, and the TRAI Act of 1997 which established TRAI.
This document provides an overview of the telecommunications sector in the Lao PDR. It was submitted to USAID by Nathan Associates Inc. under a contract to analyze trade in telecommunication services in Laos. The document includes sections on the global profile of telecom services, the telecom sector in Laos, current and potential trade obligations, how Laos' legal framework compares to its obligations, and recommendations.
This document provides a summary of key statistics related to Mongolia's information and communication technology sector in 2013. It includes data on mobile and fixed network subscribers, internet service, cable TV and IPTV, and economic factors. Some key figures mentioned are that there were 4.2 million mobile subscribers in 2013, with the top three mobile operators controlling over 88% of the market. There were 210,432 fixed telephone lines in 2013. Internet users numbered 762,200. Cable TV subscribers totaled 277,968. Total revenue from telecommunication services was 630.9 billion tugriks.
The TRAI Act was formed in 1997 to regulate the telecom sector and protect consumer interests as the Department of Telecommunications was both the policy maker and competitor in the sector. TRAI was given functions like license management, interconnectivity regulation, and dispute resolution. However, a 2000 amendment was made to give TRAI more independence as a dispute between TRAI and DoT in 1998 showed DoT could still influence policy making. The amendment made TRAI an independent regulatory body and formed TDSAT to handle disputes. Recent TRAI regulations include tariff orders and promoting digital addressable systems to improve consumer services.
The document provides information about telecommunications in Laos, including:
1) Laos has over 2 million mobile subscribers but fixed line penetration is low at under 100,000 lines. Internet usage is also growing but remains low.
2) The National Authority of Posts and Telecommunications regulates the sector and licenses operators while aiming to increase access and competition.
3) The government sees ICT as important for development and has prioritized expanding infrastructure, developing human resources and applying ICT in various sectors. However, ICT in Laos remains at an early stage.
The document is the TRA (Telecommunications Regulatory Authority) Annual Report for 2011. It provides an overview of the telecom sector in Oman, highlights of TRA's activities and regulatory initiatives in 2011, and discusses TRA's vision, mission, and functions. Some key points:
- Telecom sector saw remarkable growth and improvements over the last decade in Oman.
- In 2011, TRA issued new regulations, conducted surveys, approved new services/tariffs, and issued radio licenses to facilitate expansion of telecom networks.
- Going forward, TRA aims to further enhance competition, coverage, and high-speed broadband access across Oman.
Regulatory framework of telecommunicationKarun Mahajan
The telecom industry in India is growing rapidly at 45-50% annually, facilitated by liberal government policies. The Telecom Commission is the high-level government body that oversees telecom policy formulation, licensing, and promotion of private investment in telecom. The Department of Telecommunications regulates telecom activities and licenses operators under laws like the Indian Telegraph Act. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India was established as an independent regulator to encourage fair competition and protect consumers.
This document discusses India's telecommunication system and its economic impact. It provides statistics on telecom subscribers and sector revenues, and the contribution of telecom to GDP and foreign direct investment. It also performs a SWOT analysis of the telecom sector and lists the top telecom companies in India by market capitalization.
This document outlines a research proposal to review Zambia's excise duty legislation on airtime to assess if it aligns with best practice taxation principles. The objectives are to identify shortcomings in the current law, compare it to other SADC countries, and recommend amendments. The justification is that this will provide insight into issues with the current law and help policymakers address problems to create an efficient regime. The methodology will include literature reviews of laws, reports and studies from Zambia and other jurisdictions.
The document provides an overview of the telecom sector in Oman, including:
- Oman has progressively liberalized and promoted competition in the telecom sector.
- Operators offer modern telecom services to consumers.
- The sector aims to liberalize investments to support economic and social development.
The document provides an overview of the Communications Regulatory Commission of Mongolia (CRC) for fiscal year 2011. The CRC regulates telecommunications, broadcasting, postal services, and internet access in Mongolia. Key points include:
- The CRC's mission is to advance ICT development in Mongolia to create an efficient, competitive sector that meets public needs.
- The CRC has seven commissioners and five operating departments covering areas like licensing, radio frequency regulation, market regulation, and postal regulation.
- Mongolia's telecom laws include the Law on Communications, Law on Radio Waves, and Law on Postal Services.
- Mongolia has a population of 2.86 million across an area of
This document discusses ICT development in Laos. It provides background on Laos' population, GDP, and telecommunication infrastructure. The National Authority of Posts and Telecommunications is responsible for ICT policy and regulation. ICT contributes significantly to GDP growth and is seen as important for achieving development goals. However, Laos still lags behind in telecommunication access compared to other countries.
BSNL is a state-owned telecommunications company that was incorporated in 2000. It has extensive telecom infrastructure across India, including basic telephone lines, wireless networks, broadband, and fiber optic cables. However, it faces challenges like competition from private operators, outdated technology and work practices, unprofitable rural assets, and lack of focus on customer service. BSNL aims to improve efficiency, launch 4G networks, partner with other companies, and leverage its pan-India network to become a leader in the Indian telecom market again.
Uk fm in offices and commercial buildings 31 dec 2020nirosuganya
This document discusses the UK facilities management (FM) market and the impact of COVID-19. It notes that over half of top FM providers are facing financial distress. The office sector accounts for over 40% of the private FM market. COVID-19 is creating new opportunities in areas like enhanced cleaning and workplace safety measures. The document advocates expanding one's mindset to create new opportunities during uncertain times.
The document provides an overview of the Telecommunication Regulatory Authority of Oman for 2006. It discusses the corporate structure and strategic goals of the authority, the performance of Oman's telecommunications sector including growth in mobile subscribers, and the authority's work on spectrum management, promoting competition, and international representation. Key events of the year included implementing mobile number portability and publishing a national frequency allocation plan.
The telecommunications market in Oman saw significant growth in 2009. Mobile phone subscribers increased by 23% compared to 2008, with a penetration rate of 138%. Pre-paid subscribers make up 91% of the mobile segment. While Omantel and Nawras remain the dominant providers, mobile resellers captured 6.5% of the market within six months of launching services. The total number of mobile subscribers grew almost 197% over the past five years. Mobile ARPUs declined by around 15% in 2009 compared to 2007. Nawras' market share relative to Omantel is decreasing as Nawras' pre-paid subscriber base grows rapidly.
This document provides an overview of Namibia's ICT industry and regulatory framework. It discusses the development of Namibia's ICT sector, telecommunications market, and regulatory body CRAN. It outlines challenges faced by CRAN, including a court case challenging its regulatory powers. Recommendations are made to strengthen CRAN's independence and powers. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of an independent regulator for a properly functioning telecommunications sector.
This document provides information about Thailand's upcoming auction of 1800 MHz spectrum licenses for mobile telecommunications services. It outlines the key objectives of the auction as being to efficiently assign spectrum in a way that promotes market competition, improves service quality and reduces costs for the public. The document provides background on Thailand's economy, telecom market and regulations. It describes the licenses being auctioned, the application and licensing process, and the auction methodology and rules. The overall purpose is to inform potential bidders on the spectrum licensing process for 1800 MHz bands in Thailand.
The New Telecom Policy 1999 updated the 1994 policy to reflect technological developments and make India an IT leader. It aimed to provide affordable communications for all, balance urban and rural access, and transform the sector into a competitive market. Major changes included allowing more service providers in each area with 20-year licenses, replacing fixed fees with one-time entry fees and revenue sharing, and opening additional services to competition like national long distance in 2000 and international long distance by 2002.
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION REGARDING CELL PHONES SERVICESPrashant Kumar
This document is a project report submitted by Prashant Kumar to his faculty guide Dr. Devendra Kumar Pandey on a study of customer satisfaction with cell phone services. The report includes an introduction on India's growing telecom sector, objectives to study customer satisfaction levels and awareness of new phones. It also reviews literature and describes the methodology used, including hypotheses. Key findings and suggestions will be analyzed, with the goal of understanding customer satisfaction.
The telecom industry in India has grown rapidly in recent years due to liberal government policies. The regulatory framework includes the Telecom Commission, Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal (TDSAT), and Wireless Planning and Coordination Wing (WPC). TRAI acts as an independent regulator but the DoT has discretion over TRAI's recommendations. Key laws governing the sector are the Indian Telegraph Act of 1885, Indian Wireless Telegraphy Act of 1933, and the TRAI Act of 1997 which established TRAI.
This document provides an overview of the telecommunications sector in the Lao PDR. It was submitted to USAID by Nathan Associates Inc. under a contract to analyze trade in telecommunication services in Laos. The document includes sections on the global profile of telecom services, the telecom sector in Laos, current and potential trade obligations, how Laos' legal framework compares to its obligations, and recommendations.
This document provides a summary of key statistics related to Mongolia's information and communication technology sector in 2013. It includes data on mobile and fixed network subscribers, internet service, cable TV and IPTV, and economic factors. Some key figures mentioned are that there were 4.2 million mobile subscribers in 2013, with the top three mobile operators controlling over 88% of the market. There were 210,432 fixed telephone lines in 2013. Internet users numbered 762,200. Cable TV subscribers totaled 277,968. Total revenue from telecommunication services was 630.9 billion tugriks.
The TRAI Act was formed in 1997 to regulate the telecom sector and protect consumer interests as the Department of Telecommunications was both the policy maker and competitor in the sector. TRAI was given functions like license management, interconnectivity regulation, and dispute resolution. However, a 2000 amendment was made to give TRAI more independence as a dispute between TRAI and DoT in 1998 showed DoT could still influence policy making. The amendment made TRAI an independent regulatory body and formed TDSAT to handle disputes. Recent TRAI regulations include tariff orders and promoting digital addressable systems to improve consumer services.
The document provides information about telecommunications in Laos, including:
1) Laos has over 2 million mobile subscribers but fixed line penetration is low at under 100,000 lines. Internet usage is also growing but remains low.
2) The National Authority of Posts and Telecommunications regulates the sector and licenses operators while aiming to increase access and competition.
3) The government sees ICT as important for development and has prioritized expanding infrastructure, developing human resources and applying ICT in various sectors. However, ICT in Laos remains at an early stage.
The document is the TRA (Telecommunications Regulatory Authority) Annual Report for 2011. It provides an overview of the telecom sector in Oman, highlights of TRA's activities and regulatory initiatives in 2011, and discusses TRA's vision, mission, and functions. Some key points:
- Telecom sector saw remarkable growth and improvements over the last decade in Oman.
- In 2011, TRA issued new regulations, conducted surveys, approved new services/tariffs, and issued radio licenses to facilitate expansion of telecom networks.
- Going forward, TRA aims to further enhance competition, coverage, and high-speed broadband access across Oman.
Regulatory framework of telecommunicationKarun Mahajan
The telecom industry in India is growing rapidly at 45-50% annually, facilitated by liberal government policies. The Telecom Commission is the high-level government body that oversees telecom policy formulation, licensing, and promotion of private investment in telecom. The Department of Telecommunications regulates telecom activities and licenses operators under laws like the Indian Telegraph Act. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India was established as an independent regulator to encourage fair competition and protect consumers.
This document discusses India's telecommunication system and its economic impact. It provides statistics on telecom subscribers and sector revenues, and the contribution of telecom to GDP and foreign direct investment. It also performs a SWOT analysis of the telecom sector and lists the top telecom companies in India by market capitalization.
This document outlines a research proposal to review Zambia's excise duty legislation on airtime to assess if it aligns with best practice taxation principles. The objectives are to identify shortcomings in the current law, compare it to other SADC countries, and recommend amendments. The justification is that this will provide insight into issues with the current law and help policymakers address problems to create an efficient regime. The methodology will include literature reviews of laws, reports and studies from Zambia and other jurisdictions.
The document provides an overview of the telecom sector in Oman, including:
- Oman has progressively liberalized and promoted competition in the telecom sector.
- Operators offer modern telecom services to consumers.
- The sector aims to liberalize investments to support economic and social development.
The document provides an overview of the Communications Regulatory Commission of Mongolia (CRC) for fiscal year 2011. The CRC regulates telecommunications, broadcasting, postal services, and internet access in Mongolia. Key points include:
- The CRC's mission is to advance ICT development in Mongolia to create an efficient, competitive sector that meets public needs.
- The CRC has seven commissioners and five operating departments covering areas like licensing, radio frequency regulation, market regulation, and postal regulation.
- Mongolia's telecom laws include the Law on Communications, Law on Radio Waves, and Law on Postal Services.
- Mongolia has a population of 2.86 million across an area of
This document discusses ICT development in Laos. It provides background on Laos' population, GDP, and telecommunication infrastructure. The National Authority of Posts and Telecommunications is responsible for ICT policy and regulation. ICT contributes significantly to GDP growth and is seen as important for achieving development goals. However, Laos still lags behind in telecommunication access compared to other countries.
BSNL is a state-owned telecommunications company that was incorporated in 2000. It has extensive telecom infrastructure across India, including basic telephone lines, wireless networks, broadband, and fiber optic cables. However, it faces challenges like competition from private operators, outdated technology and work practices, unprofitable rural assets, and lack of focus on customer service. BSNL aims to improve efficiency, launch 4G networks, partner with other companies, and leverage its pan-India network to become a leader in the Indian telecom market again.
Uk fm in offices and commercial buildings 31 dec 2020nirosuganya
This document discusses the UK facilities management (FM) market and the impact of COVID-19. It notes that over half of top FM providers are facing financial distress. The office sector accounts for over 40% of the private FM market. COVID-19 is creating new opportunities in areas like enhanced cleaning and workplace safety measures. The document advocates expanding one's mindset to create new opportunities during uncertain times.
The document provides an overview of the Telecommunication Regulatory Authority of Oman for 2006. It discusses the corporate structure and strategic goals of the authority, the performance of Oman's telecommunications sector including growth in mobile subscribers, and the authority's work on spectrum management, promoting competition, and international representation. Key events of the year included implementing mobile number portability and publishing a national frequency allocation plan.
The telecommunications market in Oman saw significant growth in 2009. Mobile phone subscribers increased by 23% compared to 2008, with a penetration rate of 138%. Pre-paid subscribers make up 91% of the mobile segment. While Omantel and Nawras remain the dominant providers, mobile resellers captured 6.5% of the market within six months of launching services. The total number of mobile subscribers grew almost 197% over the past five years. Mobile ARPUs declined by around 15% in 2009 compared to 2007. Nawras' market share relative to Omantel is decreasing as Nawras' pre-paid subscriber base grows rapidly.
This document provides an overview of Namibia's ICT industry and regulatory framework. It discusses the development of Namibia's ICT sector, telecommunications market, and regulatory body CRAN. It outlines challenges faced by CRAN, including a court case challenging its regulatory powers. Recommendations are made to strengthen CRAN's independence and powers. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of an independent regulator for a properly functioning telecommunications sector.
The document provides an overview of mobile communications regulation from a legal perspective. It discusses three key points:
1. Telecommunications law and policy concern the ownership, control and access to large-scale electronic networks that connect people and businesses, whether fixed or mobile.
2. The objectives of telecommunications regulation generally involve promoting competition, ensuring widespread availability, and aiding consumer choice.
3. Spectrum management and allocation is an important part of telecommunications regulation, with countries developing National Frequency Allocation Tables based on international agreements and standards.
Community Networks: Kenya Telecoop Project Concept Njiraini Mwende
Now referred to as Community Networks, this is concept is based on values of voluntary associations, resources and expertise available in local cooperatives and communities to provide telecommunication services. The rural Tel-coop concept is proposed for implementation in selected rural areas with the objective of improving connectivity and contributing to the achievement of the government’s policy objective universal access to ICT services.
The document summarizes the key activities and achievements of the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) of Oman for the year 2010. Some of the highlights included granting licenses to mobile resellers Samatel and Injaz, hosting the Middle East Spectrum Conference, tendering a universal service obligation pilot project to support e-governance initiatives, and implementing an ERP system. The TRA also continued efforts to increase liberalization and competition in Oman's telecom sector through regulatory decisions and initiatives. Total mobile subscribers grew over 5% and the sector saw the launch of new fixed line services from Nawras.
Competition policy and Determination of Dominance in Nigerian Telecommunicati...Mohammed Dikwa
The document analyzes competition policy and determination of dominance in Nigeria's telecommunications market. It finds that in 2010, no single operator held a dominant position in the mobile or internet markets. However, in 2012 MTN Nigeria was found to have 44% market share in the mobile voice segment and was designated dominant, while MTN Nigeria and Globacom Nigeria were jointly dominant in the wholesale transmission market. As dominant operators, they are required to adhere to rules regarding accounting separation, equalizing on-net and off-net call rates, and reporting details. Some cases of violations of these requirements by MTN Nigeria were observed. The Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission awaits passage to regulate competition across sectors.
The document discusses spectrum management challenges in Africa. It notes that Africa has experienced rapid growth in mobile connections and usage but has been allocated relatively little spectrum compared to other regions. The scarcity of allocated spectrum risks constraining further growth and innovation. Effective spectrum management is important for regulators to support socioeconomic development while ensuring fair competition. The document also examines spectrum management approaches in Nigeria and Kenya, finding issues such as lack of transparency and inefficient allocation methods.
1) In 1994, India had a very low tele-density of 0.8% with 8 million phones and a waiting list of 2.5 million. The National Telecom Policy of 1994 aimed to increase telecom infrastructure and make phones available on demand.
2) Private sector participation was introduced in the 1990s through licensing of mobile and basic telephone services. However, results were unsatisfactory due to lower than projected revenues for operators.
3) The National Telecom Policy of 1999 aimed to further increase tele-density, encourage rural telecom development, and expand internet access. It defined universal service obligations.
Operation management Telecom Sector in IndiaSaurabh Tiwari
The document provides an overview of the liberalization and development of the telecom sector in India since 1994. It summarizes key policies and milestones that opened the sector to private participation, including the National Telecom Policy of 1994 and 1999. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India was established in 1997 to regulate tariffs and competition. Reforms led to growth in telecom infrastructure and falling prices for consumers.
This document discusses the impact of privatization on telecommunications sectors globally since the 1980s. It notes that privatization generally involves opening telecom sectors to competition and privatizing state-owned incumbent operators. The success of privatization depends on private investors' perceptions of local conditions. Factors like wealth, population distribution, geography, politics, and existing telecom infrastructure influence investors' priorities between regions. The analysis finds that privatization has varying effects on network growth, tariffs, and efficiency depending on whether a country is an OECD, Latin American, African resource-rich coastal, African resource-rich landlocked, or African resource-scarce country.
The document discusses the impact of privatization on the telecommunications sector. It begins by providing background on market reforms in telecommunications since the 1980s, including privatizing state-owned telecom operators. It then examines factors that influence private investor decisions to enter telecom markets in different regions. The document performs an empirical analysis comparing the effects of privatization on network growth, tariffs, and efficiency in OECD countries, Latin America, and various African country groups. It also provides an overview of telecom restructuring and privatization that occurred in Mauritius and key milestones in the development of India's telecom industry.
REGULATION, COMTHE IMPACT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS IN INFLUENCING CUSTOMERS’...ijmpict
This document analyzes productivity changes in the African telecommunications industry from 2000 to 2009. It finds that the industry has improved productivity levels during this period, though most productivity growth resulted from technological advancement rather than gains in technical efficiency. Market competition and increasing subscriptions also positively impacted productivity. The study concludes that African countries can further boost productivity in their telecommunications sectors by improving technical efficiencies, increasing outputs like mobile phone penetration, and allowing more competition through international network operators.
REGULATION, COMPETITION AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN THE AFRICAN TELECOMMUNICAT...ijmpict
The telecommunications industry in Africa has exhibited tremendous development since the turn of the century. This study analyzes production efficiency changes in the African telecommunications industry in the period 2000 to 2009. Furthermore, an attempt is made to assess the determinants for such efficiency changes. The results show that the industry has improved its productivity levels. However, most of the productivity growth is resulted from technological advancement and less from technical efficiency. Additionally, market competition and increasing subscriptions have also positively affected the sector’s productivity. Hence, this study implies that African countries can further improve productivity in their telecommunications sector by improving on technical efficiencies, increase outputs especially the penetration of mobile telephony, and allow competition in the market with participation from international network operators
STUDY OF CUSTOMER PREFERENCE TOWARDS AIRTELAshish Gupta
The document provides an overview of the mobile services industry and Bharti Airtel in India. It discusses that India has seen rapid growth in mobile subscribers, exceeding expectations. Key points include: Bharti Airtel is a leading mobile service provider in India with over 25 million subscribers; It operates across various business segments including mobile, broadband, enterprise services; The mobile market is growing rapidly with competition between providers like Airtel, Reliance, and Idea Cellular.
The 2008 Annual Report of the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) of Oman highlights the following:
1) The TRA finalized the competitive process for selecting a preferred bidder for Oman's second integrated public fixed telecommunications license and issued five Class Two licenses for the resale of basic public mobile telecommunications services.
2) Mobile sector growth of 36% from the previous year, with mobile subscribers reaching 3.2 million and a penetration rate of 117% by the end of 2008.
3) The TRA engaged stakeholders through public consultation on over 15 regulatory and policy issues to develop the telecommunications sector in line with His Majesty Sultan Qaboos Bin Said's vision.
Special report on communication sectorRicha Sharma
The document provides an overview of the telecom sector in India. It discusses the growth of the sector over time, with mobile subscribers growing from under 2 million in 2000 to over 900 million by 2012. The key segments of the market are mobile (growing rapidly), fixed line (declining), and broadband. Major players in the sector are discussed like Airtel, Idea, Reliance, and Tata. Technical analysis is also provided on some of the stocks. The telecom sector is identified as one of the fastest growing industries in India, playing an important role in economic and social development.
This document provides an overview of Kenya's legal and regulatory framework for the ICT sector. It discusses the historical background of reforms since 1996 that liberalized the sector. The key laws that established regulatory bodies and defined their mandates are the 1998 Kenya Communications Act and its subsequent amendments. The Act established the Communications Authority of Kenya (CCK) to regulate telecommunications, broadcasting, and other communications. It outlines CCK's responsibilities and achievements in developing regulations, licensing operators, promoting competition and consumer protection, and expanding access and infrastructure in the sector. The document also proposes further interventions needed from the Ministry of ICT to support CCK's regulatory role.
The document discusses positioning strategies for a new telecom operator entering the Delhi/NCR region. It provides background on the Indian telecom industry and objectives for research on positioning of major existing players. The research aims to understand customer perceptions of different operators and identify strengths and personalities to help the new operator position itself distinctively.
This document provides an overview of the telecom industry in India. It discusses the history of reforms starting in the 1980s through phases in the 1990s and 2000s. Key policies like NTP 1994 and NTP 1999 opened the industry to private competition and investment. Subscriber growth, average revenue, market shares, and service trends are analyzed. The document also covers topics like FDI, mergers and acquisitions, spectrum issues, and recommendations to improve customer service.
522 tra position_onpassiveinfrastructurepc_artraoman
بيان هيئة تنظيم الاتصالات بخصوص المشاورات العامة على مشروع لائحة تأجير البنية التحتية غير النشطة والنفاذ إليها المملوكة لجهات من غير موفري خدمات الاتصالات.
Total fixed telephone lines decreased from October to December while total mobile subscribers increased, reaching over 3.2 million by December. Internet subscribers via broadband and dial-up also grew slightly over this period, with broadband subscribers exceeding 31,000 by December. Prepaid mobile and internet card sales declined some while postpaid mobile and fixed line subscribers remained steady.
This document contains subscriber data for internet, telephone, and mobile services in Malaysia for January, February, and March. It includes numbers for fixed internet subscribers, mobile broadband subscribers, fixed and mobile telephone lines, and mobile subscribers broken down by prepaid and postpaid. The estimated number of mobile internet users was calculated based on the average household size and percentage of the population over 5 years old.
The document shows subscriber statistics for fixed line, mobile, and internet services from October to December 2007. For fixed line, subscribers declined slightly overall but pre-paid increased. Mobile subscribers grew steadily each month to reach over 2.5 million in December, with post-paid also increasing. Internet subscribers rose gradually with DSL connections seeing the most growth.
The document shows subscriber numbers for fixed line, mobile, and internet services from April to June 2007. Fixed line subscribers increased slightly over this period, while mobile subscribers grew more significantly, rising from over 2 million in April to over 2.1 million in June. Internet subscribers peaked in May at just over 66,000 before declining slightly in June.
Zodiac Signs and Food Preferences_ What Your Sign Says About Your Tastemy Pandit
Know what your zodiac sign says about your taste in food! Explore how the 12 zodiac signs influence your culinary preferences with insights from MyPandit. Dive into astrology and flavors!
Storytelling is an incredibly valuable tool to share data and information. To get the most impact from stories there are a number of key ingredients. These are based on science and human nature. Using these elements in a story you can deliver information impactfully, ensure action and drive change.
Taurus Zodiac Sign: Unveiling the Traits, Dates, and Horoscope Insights of th...my Pandit
Dive into the steadfast world of the Taurus Zodiac Sign. Discover the grounded, stable, and logical nature of Taurus individuals, and explore their key personality traits, important dates, and horoscope insights. Learn how the determination and patience of the Taurus sign make them the rock-steady achievers and anchors of the zodiac.
How to Implement a Strategy: Transform Your Strategy with BSC Designer's Comp...Aleksey Savkin
The Strategy Implementation System offers a structured approach to translating stakeholder needs into actionable strategies using high-level and low-level scorecards. It involves stakeholder analysis, strategy decomposition, adoption of strategic frameworks like Balanced Scorecard or OKR, and alignment of goals, initiatives, and KPIs.
Key Components:
- Stakeholder Analysis
- Strategy Decomposition
- Adoption of Business Frameworks
- Goal Setting
- Initiatives and Action Plans
- KPIs and Performance Metrics
- Learning and Adaptation
- Alignment and Cascading of Scorecards
Benefits:
- Systematic strategy formulation and execution.
- Framework flexibility and automation.
- Enhanced alignment and strategic focus across the organization.
Event Report - SAP Sapphire 2024 Orlando - lots of innovation and old challengesHolger Mueller
Holger Mueller of Constellation Research shares his key takeaways from SAP's Sapphire confernece, held in Orlando, June 3rd till 5th 2024, in the Orange Convention Center.
How are Lilac French Bulldogs Beauty Charming the World and Capturing Hearts....Lacey Max
“After being the most listed dog breed in the United States for 31
years in a row, the Labrador Retriever has dropped to second place
in the American Kennel Club's annual survey of the country's most
popular canines. The French Bulldog is the new top dog in the
United States as of 2022. The stylish puppy has ascended the
rankings in rapid time despite having health concerns and limited
color choices.”
Navigating the world of forex trading can be challenging, especially for beginners. To help you make an informed decision, we have comprehensively compared the best forex brokers in India for 2024. This article, reviewed by Top Forex Brokers Review, will cover featured award winners, the best forex brokers, featured offers, the best copy trading platforms, the best forex brokers for beginners, the best MetaTrader brokers, and recently updated reviews. We will focus on FP Markets, Black Bull, EightCap, IC Markets, and Octa.
Understanding User Needs and Satisfying ThemAggregage
https://www.productmanagementtoday.com/frs/26903918/understanding-user-needs-and-satisfying-them
We know we want to create products which our customers find to be valuable. Whether we label it as customer-centric or product-led depends on how long we've been doing product management. There are three challenges we face when doing this. The obvious challenge is figuring out what our users need; the non-obvious challenges are in creating a shared understanding of those needs and in sensing if what we're doing is meeting those needs.
In this webinar, we won't focus on the research methods for discovering user-needs. We will focus on synthesis of the needs we discover, communication and alignment tools, and how we operationalize addressing those needs.
Industry expert Scott Sehlhorst will:
• Introduce a taxonomy for user goals with real world examples
• Present the Onion Diagram, a tool for contextualizing task-level goals
• Illustrate how customer journey maps capture activity-level and task-level goals
• Demonstrate the best approach to selection and prioritization of user-goals to address
• Highlight the crucial benchmarks, observable changes, in ensuring fulfillment of customer needs
Best Competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai - ☎ 9928909666Stone Art Hub
Stone Art Hub offers the best competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai, ensuring affordability without compromising quality. With a wide range of exquisite marble options to choose from, you can enhance your spaces with elegance and sophistication. For inquiries or orders, contact us at ☎ 9928909666. Experience luxury at unbeatable prices.
Digital Marketing with a Focus on Sustainabilitysssourabhsharma
Digital Marketing best practices including influencer marketing, content creators, and omnichannel marketing for Sustainable Brands at the Sustainable Cosmetics Summit 2024 in New York
How to Implement a Real Estate CRM SoftwareSalesTown
To implement a CRM for real estate, set clear goals, choose a CRM with key real estate features, and customize it to your needs. Migrate your data, train your team, and use automation to save time. Monitor performance, ensure data security, and use the CRM to enhance marketing. Regularly check its effectiveness to improve your business.
Discover timeless style with the 2022 Vintage Roman Numerals Men's Ring. Crafted from premium stainless steel, this 6mm wide ring embodies elegance and durability. Perfect as a gift, it seamlessly blends classic Roman numeral detailing with modern sophistication, making it an ideal accessory for any occasion.
https://rb.gy/usj1a2
The APCO Geopolitical Radar - Q3 2024 The Global Operating Environment for Bu...APCO
The Radar reflects input from APCO’s teams located around the world. It distils a host of interconnected events and trends into insights to inform operational and strategic decisions. Issues covered in this edition include:
Unveiling the Dynamic Personalities, Key Dates, and Horoscope Insights: Gemin...my Pandit
Explore the fascinating world of the Gemini Zodiac Sign. Discover the unique personality traits, key dates, and horoscope insights of Gemini individuals. Learn how their sociable, communicative nature and boundless curiosity make them the dynamic explorers of the zodiac. Dive into the duality of the Gemini sign and understand their intellectual and adventurous spirit.
Part 2 Deep Dive: Navigating the 2024 Slowdownjeffkluth1
Introduction
The global retail industry has weathered numerous storms, with the financial crisis of 2008 serving as a poignant reminder of the sector's resilience and adaptability. However, as we navigate the complex landscape of 2024, retailers face a unique set of challenges that demand innovative strategies and a fundamental shift in mindset. This white paper contrasts the impact of the 2008 recession on the retail sector with the current headwinds retailers are grappling with, while offering a comprehensive roadmap for success in this new paradigm.
1. 1
Memo on the General Policy of the Telecommunications
Sector for the coming stage approved by the Council of Ministers at its
session No. 18/2003 held on Nov 4, 2003
In accordance with the provisions of Article (3) of the Telecommunications regulatory Act
issued by the Royal Decree No. 30/2002, the Minister of Transport and Communications is
entrusted to set the general policy for the telecommunications sector and present it to the
Council of Ministers so as to endeavour the following:
i. Developing the telecommunications sector with the object to expand the scope of
provision of telecommunications services to cater for the needs of economic and
social development.
ii. Preparing the telecommunications universal service requirements pursuant
to Article (38) of this Act, and in accordance with the Government’s
economic and social policy.
iii. Encouraging investment in telecommunications industry in coordination with the
competent bodies.
iv. Introducing competition in telecommunications services in accordance with the
exigencies of the state general policy.
v. Safeguard and developing the Sultanate’s interest in the field of
telecommunications at the international level.
According to Article (11) of the said Act, the Authority members are to propose the general
policy of the telecommunications sector, and to prepare programs and plans necessary for its
development. A Provisional Committee was established to perform the duties and functions of
these members pending the issuance of the Royal Decree appointing the members of the
authority.
Executive Summary:
The Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) has appointed PwC Consulting to
develop recommendations on:
Telecommunications sector policy to achieve the targeted socio-economic objectives.
Preparing for the introduction of competition.
This document addresses telecommunications sector policy, most importantly
recommendations on the structure and timing of the liberalisation of the telecom sector in
Oman. The liberalisation approach to be adopted is a critical component of sector policy and it
influences all areas of regulation.
The document took into consideration the analysis of the government objectives as well as
the current market situation in order to understand the status of the market and the
challenges facing the Government. The analysis in the Paper draws upon international
examples of the liberalisation approach taken in other countries and relates them to proposals
for the Strategy and Approach for Oman, developed on the basis of analysis of the market
2. 2
situation, Government plans and sector objectives. The key challenges that the Government
and TRA will face in reforming the telecommunications sector have been identified and a
range of options for liberalisation which seek to address these challenges has been proposed.
1. Current situation and context for liberalisation
Oman has a relatively low teledensity for fixed and mobile services compared to countries of
similar income. It has also a low population density and inhabitants of rural areas are under
served. Fixed line teledensity, is below 10%, and household teledensity is 48%, are the
lowest in the GCC countries, and much lower than international standards.
The fixed line teledensity of less than 10% and the household teledensity of 48% is the lowest
among GCC in contrast to more than 20% and above 100% respectively. Teledensity varies
across regions, from 17% in urban Muscat, to under 1% in thinly populated Al-Wusta. Service
availability follows a similar pattern, with lower availability in more remote regions as there are
several villages of less than 500 inhabitants and most of these are still not covered. Oman’s
terrain is mainly a combination of mountains, particularly in the most densely populated North
East region, and desert. Whilst infrastructure costs for rural and interior areas in Oman are
greater than international averages.
As part of its accession to the World Trade Organisation (WTO), the Sultanate has committed
to progressive opening of the telecommunications market to competition, with no limitations
on market access for certain services and at specific dates.
The precise interpretation of the extent of market opening implied by the commitments, and
their applicability in the Oman context, is still open. However, some of these commitments are
likely to entail a major shift in the structure and underlying economics of the
telecommunications sector. For example, the commitment to allow cross-border supply of
voice telephony from 2004 means that providers based outside Oman may be able to offer
services such as international calling cards, without requiring commercial presence in Oman
Government plans for the partial privatisation of Omantel have been postponed in light of the
global slowdown, particularly in the telecommunications sector. It is a requirement of the
Telecommunications Law (the Telecoms Law) passed in March 2002 that licensing must be in
place within one year. The draft licence, including for roll-out and quality of service
obligations, is being reviewed and updated.
Market opening: Commitments to WTO
2003 2004 2005
Mobile/cellular
• Analogue/digital
• PCS
• Paging
• Mobile data
Data and Internet
services using
Private leased
circuits
Voice Telephony
Packet and
Circuit switched
data
Supply by wholly
foreign-owned
subsidiaries
(2003 for payphone
calling cards)
Payphones (2001)
Value Added
services (2001)
Payphone calling
cards (2002)
2003 2004 2005
Mobile/cellular
• Analogue/digital
• PCS
• Paging
• Mobile data
Data and Internet
services using
Private leased
circuits
Voice Telephony
Packet and
Circuit switched
data
Supply by wholly
foreign-owned
subsidiaries
(2003 for payphone
calling cards)
Payphones (2001)
Value Added
services (2001)
Payphone calling
cards (2002)
3. 3
2. Three key challenges were identified for Government and TRA as
a result of liberalisation, based on the need to:
Enable universal service in a competitive environment.
Encourage introduction of advanced services.
Establish a robust approach to economic regulation of the sector, based on transparent
service costing and accounting.
The introduction of competition complicates the task of sector regulation in the short to
medium term. In a monopoly, where the sole operator is owned and operated by Government,
the operator is typically directed by Government to implement socio-economic policy on its
behalf, as part of the Government development initiatives. In the competitive environment, the
rights and duties of individual operators need to be developed and imposed in a coordinated
way, through balanced obligations, to avoid distortion of competition. Government will also
need to establish an effective system of regulation that limits the potential for anti-competitive
practices and gives commercial freedom to sector players while supporting the achievement
of Government socio-economic objectives.
3. Overall strategy and approach to liberalisation
As identified in the market analysis, there is a real need to increase rural connectivity as well
as speeding up connections in served areas. Rural demand is not being met and Omantel
has not done much in the past to increase rural penetration, despite being allocated funds to
do so. There is a significant risk this will continue and we recommend TRA not to oblige
Omantel to serve all rural areas but instead create a separate scheme for rural projects.
Omantel will still have national rollout target and be obliged to serve any customer within
areas where the network is already available or will be available within the next three years
according to Omantel’s expansion plans and targets. This will serve to “ring fence” Omantel’s
obligations to a well defined area, make its targets manageable to meet and give the
Government ability to immediately go ahead with alternative methods of providing rural
connectivity.
The TRA and Omantel will need to work together to define the extent of Omantel’s served areas.
Omantel network presence will not be uniform across a given geographic area. Omantel will have an
obligation of universal service within the boundaries of a served area, so it will be important to clearly
establish these.
International experience and current trends show that a rural project structure is a cost efficient way of
increasing rural connectivity. Increasing rural connectivity is a long-term plan and it would bring
significant cost implications on Omantel, which is not compatible with the short-term goal of part
privatisation of Omantel and introduction of competition in the sector. By addressing the need for
increase in rural connectivity separately via the rural projects scheme, the Government could
simultaneously:
- Limit Omantel’s obligation to served areas.
- Control the negative impact on Omantel’s value prior to sale of an equity stake.
- Limit burdens on Omantel and thereby remove impediments to introduction of competition.
- Encourage initiatives to increase rural connectivity immediately.
4. 4
4. Funding of Universal Service
It is recommended that the funding of Universal Service, including the rural projects in particular, should
be shared between operators in the market by establishing a Universal Service Fund (USF). The
Regulatory Authority would assess the cost of universal service and based on this funding requirement
allot a percentage of royalties to the USF pursuant to Article 4(2) of the Telecom Law, i.e. operators pay
according to their market share. Operators undertaking supply of unprofitable connections may then be
given a subsidy from the fund towards the arising deficit. This framework is based on the principles
envisaged in the Telecom Law, where operators would pay royalties or licence proceeds to the State
Treasury, and the Treasury would then decide on certain expansion of the network, which it can fund to
put out to tender or to Omantel. However, the royalties would go into the general Government budget
and therefore subject to changing political priorities. The USF mechanism is advantageous because the
contributions are earmarked solely to rural expansion and administered independently in a transparent
manner.
5. Summary of recommendations for liberalisation:
The table below summarises, service by service, the key features of the Strategy and
Approach for Oman discussed in the previous section.
The options discussed are assumed to cover a five-year period and would be subject to
periodic review. In particular, it is expected that, at a minimum, there would be an interim
review stage three years into liberalisation to assess developments and, where deemed
necessary, to make adjustments needed to maintain progress towards sector objectives and
adapt to new developments in the marketplace.
1. Minister of
Communications proposes
royalties to be levied on
licensees
2. Ministry of Finance
endorses proposals
3. Licensees’ royalties paid
into State Treasury
6. .Minister of
Communications
develops plans for
defined geographical
areas, presents to
Council of Ministers
and notifies TRA
7. Plans funded from
Universal Service Fund
8. TRA holds tender and
awards project to winning
bidder
OR
9. TRA requires
Omantel to execute
the works to be paid
from State Treasury at
net costs plus a return
on capital
Funding
Basis
Service
Provision
Diagram 3.4 Suggested approach to funding of universal service
4. Annual percentage of
royalties allocated to
Universal Service Fund
5. TRA
proposes
policies &
plans to HE
Minister for
Universal
Service Fund
5. 5
The government needs to adopt a set of national targets for the telecommunications sector to
express the aspirations to develop the sector within the few coming years. Teledensity is
ambitiously forecasted to reach 19% by 2007 compared to 9.6% at present, mobile
teledensity to reach 40% by 2007 compared to 18% now and Internet users to reach 200 per
1.000 by 2007. The targets were derived from the analysis of demand and other comparative
analysis carried out in the Sultanate.
Summary Views (1)
Voice services and
Fixed and Mobile
Calling cards
IBM Recommendations
Start 2003
Open entry (must meet qualifying financial and technical criteria)
Value Added
Services
and ISP
Start 2003
Open entry (must meet qualifying financial and technical criteria)
Rural Services
Include payphones in rural services
Set up structure for rural projects and funding (Universal Service Fund) 2003
Competitive bidding for rural projects
Projects launch 2004/2005
Payphones
See rural
Mobile network
One additional national operator
Right to provide own fixed links
Right and obligation for infrastructure sharing in rural areas
Obligation to contribute to Universal Service Fund
Start licensing process 2003
Public data
networks
(packet & circuit
switched)
As for private data networks
Start 2004
Fixed network
(PSTN)
One new entrant with full service rights (local, long distance, international)
Optional roll-out obligations
Obligation to contribute to Universal Service Fund
Start licensing process 2004
Leased lines and
private data
networks
Operators can provide end to end links (full transmission path between customer sites)
Potential for operators to transition to voice and international data (to be considered at
3 year review stage)
Open entry (must meet qualifying financial and technical criteria)
Start 2003
6. 6
Summary of recommendations for Omantel
The recommended scheme for rural connectivity is put forward as an alternative to placing a
universal service target upon Omantel. Omantel will have five year roll-out targets under its
fixed licence, in order to ensure continuity of network build while rural projects are being
developed and piloted. For the time being, Omantel would not be eligible for universal
subsidy for its served areas. However, the situation would be open for review at a later date,
as part of TRA’s regular five year review. Omantel would, however, be able to compete for
subsidised rural projects which are put out to tender, on the same basis as other applicants.