This document summarizes a lecture on advanced network theorems. The lecture covers Thevenin's theorem, Norton's theorem, and the maximum power transfer theorem. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to use these theorems to analyze circuits and calculate current and voltage values. The document concludes with a post-test question and homework assignment related to analyzing circuits using these network theorems.
There is a heightened awareness in the academic controls community about the need to attract the best and brightest students to the discipline. To achieve this end, change is needed in the standard approaches to educating, recruiting and training students. In this paper, the “Temperature Box” experiment is presented. This experiment involves the design and implementation of a feedback temperature control system.
The main objective of this experiment is to construct a closed loop control system that regulates the temperature inside a box. Comparator compress to feedback to the pre-defined temperature level and gives output accordingly.
There is a heightened awareness in the academic controls community about the need to attract the best and brightest students to the discipline. To achieve this end, change is needed in the standard approaches to educating, recruiting and training students. In this paper, the “Temperature Box” experiment is presented. This experiment involves the design and implementation of a feedback temperature control system.
The main objective of this experiment is to construct a closed loop control system that regulates the temperature inside a box. Comparator compress to feedback to the pre-defined temperature level and gives output accordingly.
Thevenis’s Thepram
A line two terminal circuit can be replaced with an equivalent circuit o.f an ideal voltage source ,Vth in a series with register Ath.
Vth is equal to the open circuit voltage at the terminal .
Rth is the equivalent or input resistance when the independence source in the line circuit are turn off.
Steps to Determine VTh and RTh
Identify the load, which may be a resistor or a part of the circuit .
Replace the load with ab operation circuit.
Calculate Voc . This is VTh.
Turn off all independence voltage and circuit sources in the linear 2-terminal circuit.
Calculate the equivalent resistance of the circuit . This is RTh
The circuit though and voltage across the load of series with VTh and RTh the load actual current and voltage in the original circuit .
Thevenis’s Thepram
A line two terminal circuit can be replaced with an equivalent circuit o.f an ideal voltage source ,Vth in a series with register Ath.
Vth is equal to the open circuit voltage at the terminal .
Rth is the equivalent or input resistance when the independence source in the line circuit are turn off.
Steps to Determine VTh and RTh
Identify the load, which may be a resistor or a part of the circuit .
Replace the load with ab operation circuit.
Calculate Voc . This is VTh.
Turn off all independence voltage and circuit sources in the linear 2-terminal circuit.
Calculate the equivalent resistance of the circuit . This is RTh
The circuit though and voltage across the load of series with VTh and RTh the load actual current and voltage in the original circuit .
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacks
ETB LO1 Advanced Network Theorems (Part 2).pdf
1. 12/14/2015
1
DEE1213
ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY B
Lecture #2
Advanced Network Theorems (Part 2)
1
Subject Learning Outcome (SLO)
• This Lecture partially contributing to the
fulfillment of the following SLO:
– Use circuit theory to analyze the three phase
power system.
2
2. 12/14/2015
2
Lecture Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of this lecture, you will be able to:
• Apply Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorems to solve complex
circuitry problems
• Understand the Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
3
Review
• Determine the current through the 2 Ω
resistor of the network below. (1 A)
4
4. 12/14/2015
4
Electrical Technology B
Thevenin’s Theorem
12/14/2015 7
THEVENIN’S THEOREM
• Consider the following:
• For purposes of discussion, at this point, we
consider that both networks are composed of
resistors and independent voltage and current
sources
8
Network
1
Network
2
•
•
A
B
5. 12/14/2015
5
THEVENIN’S THEOREM
• Suppose Network 2 is detached from Network 1
and we focus temporarily only on Network 1.
• Network 1 can be as complicated in structure as
one can imagine. Maybe 45 meshes, 387
resistors, 91 voltage sources and 39 current
sources.
9
Network
1
•
•
A
B
Thevenin Equivalent Voltage, VTH
• Now place a voltmeter across terminals A-B and read
the voltage. We call this the open-circuit voltage.
• No matter how complicated Network 1 is, we read
one voltage. It is either positive at A, (with respect
to B) or negative at A.
• We call this voltage Vos and we also call it VTHEVENIN =
VTH
10
Network
1
•
•
A
B
6. 12/14/2015
6
Deactivate Independent Sources
• We now deactivate all sources of Network 1.
• To deactivate a voltage source, we remove the
source and replace it with a short circuit.
• To deactivate a current source, we remove the
source (Open).
11
Example
12
+
_
+
+
_ _
A
B
V1
I2
V2
I1
V3
R1
R2
R3
R4
R1
R2
R3
R4
A
B
7. 12/14/2015
7
Thevenin Equivalent Resistance, RTH
• The total resistance across the terminals A and
B is called RTHEVENIN and shorten this to RTH.
• For the circuit shown above,
RTH = R4 // [ R3 + (R1 // R2) ]
13
R1
R2
R3
R4
A
B
Thevenin Equivalent Circuit
• We had obtained the VTH and RTH. Now, we can replace
Network 1 with the following network.
14
VTH
RTH
A
B
+
_
A
B
Network
2
VTH
RTH
+
_
8. 12/14/2015
8
Example 1
• Find VX by first finding VTH and RTH to the left
of A-B.
15
12 4
6 2 VX
30 V +
_
+
_
A
B
Example 1: VTH
• First remove everything to the right of A-B and
determine VTH.
16
12 4
6
30 V +
_
A
B
(30)(6)
10
6 12
AB
V V
Notice that there is no current flowing in the 4 resistor (A-B) is
open. Thus there can be no voltage across the resistor.
12 4
6 2 VX
30 V +
_
+
_
A
B
9. 12/14/2015
9
Example 1: RTH
• We now deactivate the sources to the left of
A-B and find the resistance seen looking in
these terminals.
17
12 4
6
A
B
RTH
RTH = 12||6 + 4 = 8
12 4
6 2 VX
30 V +
_
+
_
A
B
Example 1: Thevenin Equivalent Circuit
• After having found the Thevenin circuit, we
connect this to the load in order to find VX.
18
8
10 V
VTH
RTH
2 VX
+
_
+
_
A
B
10 2
2
2 8
( )( )
X
V V
12 4
6 2 VX
30 V +
_
+
_
A
B
10. 12/14/2015
10
Example 2
• Determine the current flows through the 17 Ω
resistor using Thevenin’s Theorem.
19
+
_
20 V
5
20
10
17
1.5 A
A
B
• We first find VTH with the 17 resistor removed.
• Next we find RTH by looking into terminals A-B with the
sources deactivated.
Example 2: VTH
20
+
_
20 V
5
20
10
1.5 A
A
B
20(20)
(1.5)(10)
(20 5)
31
OS AB TH
TH
V V V
V V
+
_
20 V
5
20
10
17
1.5 A
A
B
11. 12/14/2015
11
Example 2: RTH
21
5
20
10
A
B
5(20)
10 14
(5 20)
TH
R
+
_
20 V
5
20
10
17
1.5 A
A
B
Example 2: Thevenin Equivalent Circuit
22
+
_
20 V
5
20
10
17
1.5 A
A
B
14
31 V
VTH
RTH
17 VAB
+
_
+
_
A
B
17
AB
V V
1A
17
V
17
17
AB
AB
AB
I
V
I
12. 12/14/2015
12
Electrical Technology B
Norton’s Theorem
12/14/2015 23
Norton’s Theorem
• Assume that the network enclosed below is
composed of independent sources and resistors.
• Norton’s Theorem states that this network can be
replaced by a current source shunted by a resistance
R.
24
Network I R
13. 12/14/2015
13
Norton’s Theorem: RN
• In the Norton circuit, the current source is the short
circuit current of the network, that is, the current
obtained by shorting the output of the network. The
resistance is the resistance seen looking into the
network with all sources deactivated. This is the
same as RTH.
25
ISS RN = RTH
Example
• Find the Norton equivalent circuit to the left
of terminals A-B for the network shown below.
Connect the Norton equivalent circuit to the
load and find the current in the 50 resistor.
26
+
_
20
60
40
50
10 A
50 V
A
B
14. 12/14/2015
14
Example: ISS
27
+
_
20
60
40
10 A
50 V
ISS
+
_
20
60
40
50
10 A
50 V
A
B
10.7
SS
I A
Replaced by
“SHORT”
Example: RN
28
+
_
20
60
40
50
10 A
50 V
A
B
55
N
R
15. 12/14/2015
15
Example: Norton Equivalent Circuit
29
10.7 A 55 50
+
_
20
60
40
50
10 A
50 V
A
B
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟2
𝑰𝟓𝟎𝛀 = [55/(55+50)]10.7 = 5.6 A
Electrical Technology B
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
12/14/2015 30
16. 12/14/2015
16
31
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
• The maximum power transfer theorem states
the following:
– A load will receive maximum power from a linear
bilateral dc network when its total resistive value
is exactly equal to the Thévenin resistance (RTH) of
the network as “seen” by the load.
32
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
• For the Thévenin equivalent circuit, maximum
power will be delivered to the load when
21. 12/14/2015
21
41
Applications
• One of the most common applications of the
maximum power transfer theorem is to
speaker systems.
• An audio amplifier (amplifier with a frequency
range matching the typical range of the
human ear) with an output impedance of 8 Ω.
42
Applications