Congenitally missing teeth are frequently presented to the dentist. Interdisciplinary approach may be needed for the proper treatment plan. The available treatment modalities to replace congenitally missing teeth include prosthodontic fixed and removable prostheses, resin bonded retainers, orthodontic movement of maxillary canine to the lateral incisor site and single tooth implants. Implants are a viable option for replacement of congenitally missing lateral incisors and should be considered before the commencement of definitive treatment plan. Early diagnosis, and proper planning can achieve excellent aesthetics. Interdisciplinary treatment plays a vital role to achieve an excellent, esthetic result for a most predictable outcome. This article aims to present a case report of replacement of bilaterally ,congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors with dental implants .
Congenitally missing teeth are frequently presented to the dentist. Interdisciplinary approach may be needed for the proper treatment plan. The available treatment modalities to replace congenitally missing teeth include prosthodontic fixed and removable prostheses, resin bonded retainers, orthodontic movement of maxillary canine to the lateral incisor site and single tooth implants. Implants are a viable option for replacement of congenitally missing lateral incisors and should be considered before the commencement of definitive treatment plan. Early diagnosis, and proper planning can achieve excellent aesthetics.
Interdisciplinary treatment plays a vital role to achieve an excellent, esthetic result for a most predictable outcome. This article aims to present a case report of replacement of bilaterally ,congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors with dental implants .
Pre prosthetic orthodontic implant for management of congenitally unerupted l...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
The maxillary lateral incisor is one of the most common congenitally missing teeth of the permanent dentition. With the advent of implants in the field of restorative dentistry, a stable and predictable fixed prosthetic replacement has become a reality, especially for young adult patients who suffer from congenital absence of teeth. The dual goals of establishment of functional stability as well as enhancement of esthetic outcomes are made achievable by the placement of implants. A multidisciplinary team approach involving the triad of orthodontist, periodontist and restorative dentist will ensure the successful completion of the integrated treatment approach in these patients. The present case report achieved successful implant based oral rehabilitation in a patient diagnosed with congenital absence of bilateral maxillary lateral incisors utilizing a preprosthetic orthodontic implant site preparation for the purpose of space gain.
Excess of space in the dental arch is diagnosed as a
generalised spacing or a local divergence, often
observed in the maxillary anterior region, as a median
diastema, traumatic loss of central incisors, or
congenital absence of lateral incisors. Furthermore,
spacing is observed in aging individuals, due to
pathological migration of teeth caused by
periodontitis. Finally, adult individuals with partial
edentulous jaws demand pre-prosthetic orthodontic
treatment from functional aspects. Thus, indication for
orthodontic treatment in subjects with spacing of teeth
exists for aesthetic reasons, but also for facilitating
prosthetic restorations with optimal occlusalstability.
Modern Treatment for Congenitally Missing Teeth : A Multidisciplinary Appro...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
The maxillary lateral incisor is the second most common congenitally absent tooth. There are several treatment options for replacing the missing maxillary lateral incisor, including canine substitution, tooth-supported restoration, or single-tooth implant. Dental implants are an appropriate treatment option for replacing missing maxillary lateral incisor teeth in adolescents when their dental and skeletal development is complete. This case report presents the treatment of a patient with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors using dental implants. Finally, the importance of interdisciplinary team treatment planning is emphasized as a requirement for achieving optimal final esthetics
Esthetic Evaluation of ImplantsPlaced after Orthodontic Treatment in Patients...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Congenitally missing teeth are frequently presented to the dentist. Interdisciplinary approach may be needed for the
proper treatment plan. Several treatment options exist for the replacement of congenitally missing lateral incisors.
These options include canine substitution, resin bonded fixed partial dentures, cantilevered fixed partial dentures,
conventional fixed partial dentures and single tooth implants. Depending on which treatment option is chosen, a
specific criterion has to be addressed. Interdisciplinary treatment plays a vital role to achieve an excellent, esthetic
result for a most predictable outcome. This article aims to present a case report of replacement of bilaterally
congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors with dental implants
Key words: congenitally missing lateral incisor, interdisciplinary treatment, dental impla
Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors; Orthodontic, Restorative, and Implant ...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
This article discusses factors in determining
whether to close an open space or to open enough space for a prosthetic treatment for congenitally missing maxillary lateral
incisors. Further, the importance of a total treatment approach using an interdisciplinary dental specialty team to maximize
function, aesthetics, and oral health is discussed.
Congenitally missing teeth are frequently presented to the dentist. Interdisciplinary approach may be needed for the proper treatment plan. The available treatment modalities to replace congenitally missing teeth include prosthodontic fixed and removable prostheses, resin bonded retainers, orthodontic movement of maxillary canine to the lateral incisor site and single tooth implants. Implants are a viable option for replacement of congenitally missing lateral incisors and should be considered before the commencement of definitive treatment plan. Early diagnosis, and proper planning can achieve excellent aesthetics.
Interdisciplinary treatment plays a vital role to achieve an excellent, esthetic result for a most predictable outcome. This article aims to present a case report of replacement of bilaterally ,congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors with dental implants .
Pre prosthetic orthodontic implant for management of congenitally unerupted l...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
The maxillary lateral incisor is one of the most common congenitally missing teeth of the permanent dentition. With the advent of implants in the field of restorative dentistry, a stable and predictable fixed prosthetic replacement has become a reality, especially for young adult patients who suffer from congenital absence of teeth. The dual goals of establishment of functional stability as well as enhancement of esthetic outcomes are made achievable by the placement of implants. A multidisciplinary team approach involving the triad of orthodontist, periodontist and restorative dentist will ensure the successful completion of the integrated treatment approach in these patients. The present case report achieved successful implant based oral rehabilitation in a patient diagnosed with congenital absence of bilateral maxillary lateral incisors utilizing a preprosthetic orthodontic implant site preparation for the purpose of space gain.
Excess of space in the dental arch is diagnosed as a
generalised spacing or a local divergence, often
observed in the maxillary anterior region, as a median
diastema, traumatic loss of central incisors, or
congenital absence of lateral incisors. Furthermore,
spacing is observed in aging individuals, due to
pathological migration of teeth caused by
periodontitis. Finally, adult individuals with partial
edentulous jaws demand pre-prosthetic orthodontic
treatment from functional aspects. Thus, indication for
orthodontic treatment in subjects with spacing of teeth
exists for aesthetic reasons, but also for facilitating
prosthetic restorations with optimal occlusalstability.
Modern Treatment for Congenitally Missing Teeth : A Multidisciplinary Appro...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
The maxillary lateral incisor is the second most common congenitally absent tooth. There are several treatment options for replacing the missing maxillary lateral incisor, including canine substitution, tooth-supported restoration, or single-tooth implant. Dental implants are an appropriate treatment option for replacing missing maxillary lateral incisor teeth in adolescents when their dental and skeletal development is complete. This case report presents the treatment of a patient with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors using dental implants. Finally, the importance of interdisciplinary team treatment planning is emphasized as a requirement for achieving optimal final esthetics
Esthetic Evaluation of ImplantsPlaced after Orthodontic Treatment in Patients...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Congenitally missing teeth are frequently presented to the dentist. Interdisciplinary approach may be needed for the
proper treatment plan. Several treatment options exist for the replacement of congenitally missing lateral incisors.
These options include canine substitution, resin bonded fixed partial dentures, cantilevered fixed partial dentures,
conventional fixed partial dentures and single tooth implants. Depending on which treatment option is chosen, a
specific criterion has to be addressed. Interdisciplinary treatment plays a vital role to achieve an excellent, esthetic
result for a most predictable outcome. This article aims to present a case report of replacement of bilaterally
congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors with dental implants
Key words: congenitally missing lateral incisor, interdisciplinary treatment, dental impla
Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors; Orthodontic, Restorative, and Implant ...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
This article discusses factors in determining
whether to close an open space or to open enough space for a prosthetic treatment for congenitally missing maxillary lateral
incisors. Further, the importance of a total treatment approach using an interdisciplinary dental specialty team to maximize
function, aesthetics, and oral health is discussed.
Combined orthodontic and prosthetic therapy special considerations.(52)Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Agenesis, the absence of permanent teeth, is a common occurrence among dental patients. The total incidence of tooth agenesis is about 4.2% among patients that are seeking orthodontic treatment and with the exception of third molars, the maxillary lateral incisors are the most common congenitally missing teeth with about a 2% incidence. The maxillary lateral incisor is the second most common congenitally absent tooth. There are several treatment options for replacing the missing maxillary lateral incisor, including canine substitution, tooth-supported restoration, or single-tooth implant. Dental implants are an appropriate treatment option for replacing missing maxillary lateral incisor teeth in adolescents when their dental and skeletal development is complete. This case report presents the treatment of a patient with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor using dental implants. The paper discusses the aspects of pre-prosthetic orthodontic diagnosis and the treatment that needs to be considered with conservative and fixed prosthetic replacement.
Pre-Prosthetic Orthodontic Implant for Management of Congenitally Unerupted L...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
The maxillary lateral incisor is one of the most common congenitally missing teeth of the permanent
dentition. With the advent of implants in the field of restorative dentistry, a stable and predictable fixed
prosthetic replacement has become a reality, especially for young adult patients who suffer from congenital
absence of teeth. The dual goals of establishment of functional stability as well as enhancement of esthetic
outcomes are made achievable by the placement of implants. A multidisciplinary team approach involving the
triad of orthodontist, periodontist and restorative dentist will ensure the successful completion of the integrated
treatment approach in these patients. The present case report achieved successful implant based oral
rehabilitation in a patient diagnosed with congenital absence of bilateral maxillary lateral incisors utilizing a
preprosthetic orthodontic implant site preparation for the purpose of space gain.
Keywords: Preprosthetic, interdisciplinary treatment, implant placement
Periodontal changes in ortho treatment/certified fixed orthodontic courses by...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
An Interdisciplinary Approach for Improved Esthetic Results in the Anterior M...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Maxillary midline diastema is usually the part of normal dental development during mixed dentition which requires no active treatment. But the continuing presence of it in an adult is an esthetic problem. The effective treatment of midline diastema depends on the etiological factors, size andextent of diastema. This clinical report describes a patient with uneven interdental space between anterior maxillary teeth, improper clinical crown lengths, tooth size discrepancies, and malocclusion. Key words: Diastema closure, midline diastema, Orthodontic treatment, Porcelain laminate veneers, Interdisciplinary approach
Multidisciplinary approach in the rehabilitation of congenitally missing late...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Agenesis, the absence of permanent teeth, is a common occurrence among dental patients. The total incidence of tooth agenesis is about 4.2% among patients that are seeking orthodontic treatment and with the exception of third molars, the maxillary lateral incisors are the most common congenitally missing teeth with about a 2% incidence. The maxillary lateral incisor is the second most common congenitally absent tooth. There are several treatment options for replacing the missing maxillary lateral incisor, including canine substitution, tooth-supported restoration, or single-tooth implant. Dental implants are an appropriate treatment option for replacing missing maxillary lateral incisor teeth in adolescents when their dental and skeletal development is complete. This case report presents the treatment of a patient with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor using dental implants. The paper discusses the aspects of pre-prosthetic orthodontic diagnosis and the treatment that needs to be considered with conservative and fixed prosthetic replacement.
Interdisciplinary Management of Congenitally Agenesis Maxillary Lateral Incis...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Abstract: The present paper reports the treatment of a young adult woman with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors who underwent orthodontic treatment for improvement of teeth alignment and occlusal balance previous to dental implant surgery. This treatment also allowed appropriate space for the future lateral incisors crowns. Then, Implants were positioned and prosthetic abutments installed. Ceramic laminates were planned on central incisors in order to improve anterior aesthetics. All-ceramic crowns and laminates were made using lithium dissilicate-based ceramic The multidisciplinary association of orthodontic, implant and prosthetic techniques resulted in successful functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of the case, which was maintained after 1 year follow up. Keywords: Dental agenesis. Dental implants. Ceramic laminates. Esthetic.
Autotransplantation of Tooth in Children with Mixed DentitionAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Autotransplantation of tooth in children is the surgical movement of a tooth from one place in the mouth to another
in the similar individual. Once thought to be uncertain, autotransplantation has achieved high success rates and is an
outstanding option for tooth replacement in children. Although the indications for autotransplantation are narrow, careful
patient assortment coupled with a suitable method can lead to exceptional esthetic and useful results. One benefit of
this procedure is that placement of an implant-supported prosthesis or other form of prosthetic tooth replacement is
not needed. A review of the recommended surgical technique as well as success rates is also discussed.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Treatment of Patients With Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors: Is an Inter...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Congenitally missing teeth are frequently presented to the dentist. Interdisciplinary approach may be needed for the proper treatment plan. The available treatment modalities to replace congenitally missing teeth include prosthodontic fixed and removable prostheses, resin bonded retainers, orthodontic movement of maxillary canine to the lateral incisor site and single tooth implants. Dental implants offer a promising treatment option for placement of congenitally missing teeth. Interdisciplinary approach may be needed in these cases. This article aims to present a case report of replacement of bilaterally congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors with dental implants.
Combined orthodontic and prosthetic therapy special considerations.(52)Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Agenesis, the absence of permanent teeth, is a common occurrence among dental patients. The total incidence of tooth agenesis is about 4.2% among patients that are seeking orthodontic treatment and with the exception of third molars, the maxillary lateral incisors are the most common congenitally missing teeth with about a 2% incidence. The maxillary lateral incisor is the second most common congenitally absent tooth. There are several treatment options for replacing the missing maxillary lateral incisor, including canine substitution, tooth-supported restoration, or single-tooth implant. Dental implants are an appropriate treatment option for replacing missing maxillary lateral incisor teeth in adolescents when their dental and skeletal development is complete. This case report presents the treatment of a patient with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor using dental implants. The paper discusses the aspects of pre-prosthetic orthodontic diagnosis and the treatment that needs to be considered with conservative and fixed prosthetic replacement.
Pre-Prosthetic Orthodontic Implant for Management of Congenitally Unerupted L...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
The maxillary lateral incisor is one of the most common congenitally missing teeth of the permanent
dentition. With the advent of implants in the field of restorative dentistry, a stable and predictable fixed
prosthetic replacement has become a reality, especially for young adult patients who suffer from congenital
absence of teeth. The dual goals of establishment of functional stability as well as enhancement of esthetic
outcomes are made achievable by the placement of implants. A multidisciplinary team approach involving the
triad of orthodontist, periodontist and restorative dentist will ensure the successful completion of the integrated
treatment approach in these patients. The present case report achieved successful implant based oral
rehabilitation in a patient diagnosed with congenital absence of bilateral maxillary lateral incisors utilizing a
preprosthetic orthodontic implant site preparation for the purpose of space gain.
Keywords: Preprosthetic, interdisciplinary treatment, implant placement
Periodontal changes in ortho treatment/certified fixed orthodontic courses by...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
An Interdisciplinary Approach for Improved Esthetic Results in the Anterior M...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Maxillary midline diastema is usually the part of normal dental development during mixed dentition which requires no active treatment. But the continuing presence of it in an adult is an esthetic problem. The effective treatment of midline diastema depends on the etiological factors, size andextent of diastema. This clinical report describes a patient with uneven interdental space between anterior maxillary teeth, improper clinical crown lengths, tooth size discrepancies, and malocclusion. Key words: Diastema closure, midline diastema, Orthodontic treatment, Porcelain laminate veneers, Interdisciplinary approach
Multidisciplinary approach in the rehabilitation of congenitally missing late...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Agenesis, the absence of permanent teeth, is a common occurrence among dental patients. The total incidence of tooth agenesis is about 4.2% among patients that are seeking orthodontic treatment and with the exception of third molars, the maxillary lateral incisors are the most common congenitally missing teeth with about a 2% incidence. The maxillary lateral incisor is the second most common congenitally absent tooth. There are several treatment options for replacing the missing maxillary lateral incisor, including canine substitution, tooth-supported restoration, or single-tooth implant. Dental implants are an appropriate treatment option for replacing missing maxillary lateral incisor teeth in adolescents when their dental and skeletal development is complete. This case report presents the treatment of a patient with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor using dental implants. The paper discusses the aspects of pre-prosthetic orthodontic diagnosis and the treatment that needs to be considered with conservative and fixed prosthetic replacement.
Interdisciplinary Management of Congenitally Agenesis Maxillary Lateral Incis...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Abstract: The present paper reports the treatment of a young adult woman with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors who underwent orthodontic treatment for improvement of teeth alignment and occlusal balance previous to dental implant surgery. This treatment also allowed appropriate space for the future lateral incisors crowns. Then, Implants were positioned and prosthetic abutments installed. Ceramic laminates were planned on central incisors in order to improve anterior aesthetics. All-ceramic crowns and laminates were made using lithium dissilicate-based ceramic The multidisciplinary association of orthodontic, implant and prosthetic techniques resulted in successful functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of the case, which was maintained after 1 year follow up. Keywords: Dental agenesis. Dental implants. Ceramic laminates. Esthetic.
Autotransplantation of Tooth in Children with Mixed DentitionAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Autotransplantation of tooth in children is the surgical movement of a tooth from one place in the mouth to another
in the similar individual. Once thought to be uncertain, autotransplantation has achieved high success rates and is an
outstanding option for tooth replacement in children. Although the indications for autotransplantation are narrow, careful
patient assortment coupled with a suitable method can lead to exceptional esthetic and useful results. One benefit of
this procedure is that placement of an implant-supported prosthesis or other form of prosthetic tooth replacement is
not needed. A review of the recommended surgical technique as well as success rates is also discussed.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Treatment of Patients With Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors: Is an Inter...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Congenitally missing teeth are frequently presented to the dentist. Interdisciplinary approach may be needed for the proper treatment plan. The available treatment modalities to replace congenitally missing teeth include prosthodontic fixed and removable prostheses, resin bonded retainers, orthodontic movement of maxillary canine to the lateral incisor site and single tooth implants. Dental implants offer a promising treatment option for placement of congenitally missing teeth. Interdisciplinary approach may be needed in these cases. This article aims to present a case report of replacement of bilaterally congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors with dental implants.
Unilateral Maxillary Lateral Incisor Agenesis with Mini Implant Prostheses: A...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Orthodontic management for patients with single or bilateral congenitally missing permanent lateral incisors is a
challenge to effective treatment planning. Over the last several decades, dentistry has focused on several treatment
modalities for replacement of missing teeth. The two major alternative treatment options are orthodontic space
closure or space opening for prosthetic replacements. For patients with high aesthetic expectations implants are one
of the treatment of choices, especially when it comes to replacement of missing maxillary lateral incisors and
mandibular incisors. Edentulous areas where the available bone is compromised to use conventional implants with
2.5 mm or more in diameter, narrow diameter implants with less than 2.5 mm diameter can be successfully used.
This case report deals with managing a compromised situation in the region of maxillary lateral incisor using a
narrow diameter implant.
Tooth agenesis is the most prevalent craniofacial congenital anomaly in humans. The term refers to an isolated disorder in the absence of non-dental phenotypes but is also used to describe the manifestation of missing teeth in syndromes. The affected individuals suffer from compromised masticatory functions and have decreased quality of life. Discerning the genetic etiology of tooth agenesis not only improves our understanding of normal tooth development but also provides a fundamental basis for developing potential therapeutic strategies for this anomaly. To date, MSX1, Pax9, Axin2, Eda, And Wnt10a have been established as candidate genes associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis.This article reviews the recently discovered genes involved in dental agenesis , and provides an update on the aetiological factors underlying this common malformation.
Two Treatment Approaches for Missing Maxillary Lateral Incisors: A CaseAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Missing maxillary lateral incisors create an esthetic problem with specific orthodontic and prosthetic considerations. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the clinical success of the transmucosal flapless implant placement and immediate loading of the implants to restore the agenic lateral incisors after completing the orthodontic treatment and during the retention period.
Interdisciplinary Management Of Maxillary Lateral IncisorsAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Abstract: Orthodontic management for patients with single or bilateral congenitally missing permanent lateral incisors is a challenge to effective treatment planning. Over the last several decades, dentistry has focused on several treatment modalities for replacement of missing teeth. The two major alternative treatment options are orthodontic space closure or space opening for prosthetic replacements. For patients with high aesthetic expectations implants are one of the treatment of choices, especially when it comes to replacement of missing maxillary lateral incisors and mandibular incisors. Edentulous areas where the available bone is compromised to use conventional implants with 2,5 mm or more in diameter, narrow diameter implants with less than 2,5 mm diameter can be successfully used. This case report deals with managing a compromised situation in the region of maxillary lateral incisor using a narrow diameter implant. Key words: Orthodontics, Correction of unilateral missing maxillary lateral incisors. Minimal invasive technique, narrow diameter implant
Prosthodontic-Orthodontic Treatment Plan with Two-Unit Cantilevered Resin-Bon...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Abstract: Congenitally missing lateral incisors create an esthetic problem with specific orthodontic and prosthetic considerations. Selecting the appropriate treatment option depends on many factors, such us the malocclusion, the anterior relationship, specific space requirements, bone volume, root proximity, the condition of the adjacent teeth, and esthetic prediction mainly when the canine must be reshaped.Resin bonded bridges were considered to be doomed owing to their very high decementation rate, have come alive once again because of newer resin based cements. This article will discuss the variety of treatment managements in case of space opening and treated with two 2-unit cantilevered resin-bonded fixed partial dentures supported by the cuspids. This conservative treatment plan was cost-effective without having any significant biological cost. Keywords: Agenesis, Resin- bonded fixed partial denture, interim prosthesis.
Prosthodontic-Orthodontic Treatment Plan with Two-Unit Cantilevered Resin-Bon...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Esthetic Management of Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors With Single Toot...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Congenitally missing teeth are frequently presented to the dentist. Interdisciplinary approach may be needed for the proper treatment plan. Several treatment options exist for the replacement of congenitally missing lateral incisors.This case report addresses the fundamental considerations related to replacement of a congenitally missing lateral incisor by a team approach.
Esthetic Management of Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors With Single Toot...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Congenitally missing teeth are frequently presented to the dentist. Interdisciplinary approach may be needed for the proper treatment plan. Several treatment options exist for the replacement of congenitally missing lateral incisors.This case report addresses the fundamental considerations related to replacement of a congenitally missing lateral incisor by a team approach.
Multidisciplinary Approach in the Rehabilitation of Congenitally Maxillary C...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Objective: This case report describes the multidisciplinary
approach to treat a congenitally missed maxillary canine, how to
improve patient’s smile using orthodontic fixed appliance, endosseous
dental implant, and porcelain veneer to achieve the treatment results of
function and esthetic.
Materials and procedures: Unilateral agenesis of the permanent
maxillary canines in healthy individuals is extremely rare. This
paper presents the case of a female patient diagnosed with congenital
unilateral agenesis of the permanent maxillary canines as well as
occlusal abnormalities in the form of left-side crossbite. To restore the
proper aesthetics and function, interdisciplinary therapeutic treatment
was implemented. In the case presented in this paper, the aim of
oral rehabilitation was to restore a functional balance by obtaining
proper skeletal relationships, creating optimal occlusal conditions and
obtaining arch continuity.
Conclusion: Interdisciplinary treatment combined of orthodontics,
implant surgery, and prosthodontics was useful to treat a nonsyndromic
oligodontia patient. Especially, with the new strategy, implantanchored
orthodontics, which can facilitate the treatmentand make it
more simply with greater predictability.
Managing congenitally missing lateral incisors with single tooth implants Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Congenitally missing teeth are frequently presented to the dentist. Interdisciplinary approach may be needed for the proper treatment plan. Several treatment
options exist for the replacement of congenitally missing lateral incisors. These options include canine substitution, resin bonded fixed partial dentures, cantilevered
fixed partial dentures, conventional fixed partial dentures and single tooth implants. Depending on which treatment option is chosen, a specific criterion has to be
addressed. Interdisciplinary treatment plays a vital role to achieve an excellent, esthetic result for a most predictable outcome. This paper describes the therapeutic use
of osseointegrated implants to replace congenitally missing upper lateral incisors. Highlighting the importance of the Orthodontic/Restorative interface.
Titanium Button With Chain by Watted For Orthodontic Traction of Impacted Ma...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Abstract: Advances in bonding techniques and materials allow for reliable bracket placement on ectopically positioned teeth. This prospective study evaluates the outcome of forced orthodontic eruption of impacted canine teeth in both palatal and labial positions. Eighty-two impacted maxillary canines in 2200patients were included in the study and were observed for 2006 to 2013 ,in Center for Dentistry research and Aesthetics, Jatt/Israel after exposure. Following exposure by means of a palatal flap or an apically repositioned buccal flap, an orthodontic traction hook, with a Titanium Button with chain by Watted (Dentaurum) attached, was bonded to each impacted tooth using a light cured orthodontic resin cement. A periodontal dressing was placed over the surgical site for a period of time. All teeth were successfully erupted. Complications consisted of: failure of initial bond, at the time of surgery, which required rebonding; premature debonding at the time of pack removal and; debonding of brackets during orthodontic eruption. There was no infection, eruption failure, ankylosis, resorption or periodontal defect (pocket greater than 3 mm) associated with any of the exposed teeth. Forced orthodontic eruption of impacted maxillary canines with a well bonded orthodontic traction hook and ligation chain, used in conjunction with a palatal flap or an apically repositioned labial flap, results in predictable orthodontic eruption with few complications. Key Words: cuspid/surgery; orthodontics, corrective; tooth, impacted/therapy
Congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors is a frequent clinical challenge which must be solved by a multidisciplinary approach in order to obtain an
esthetic and functional restorative treatment. . Fixed prosthodontic and removable prostheses, resin bonded retainers, orthodontic movement of maxillary
canine to the lateral incisor site and single tooth implants represent the available treatment modalities to replace congenitally missing teeth. This case report
demonstrates the team approach in prosthetic and surgical considerations and techniques for managing the lack of lateral incisors. The aims of this case
report of replacement of bilaterally congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors with dental implants.
THE ART AND SCIENCE OF TREATMENT PLANNING ON ORTHODONTIC EXTRUSIONAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Traumatized anterior teeth with subgingival fractures of crown are a challenge to treat. This paper reports the man¬agement of subgingival fractures of crown of the maxillary central incisor in an 29 year old female. The technique described here involves the use of fixed appliance, post and core with a loop fabricated on it for retention of fixed appliance.
Keywords: Fracture, Tooth, Root Extrusion, Crown Fracture.
ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT OF AN IMPACTED MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISOR COMBINED WI...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Impaction of maxillary permanent incisors is not a frequent case in dental practice, but its treatment is challenging because of these teeth importance to facial esthetics Management by a combination of orthodontics and surgery produces a satisfactory result. The surgical exposure and orthodontic traction of impacted central incisor after surgical exposure of impacted maxillary central incisor teeth is presented in this case report.
Key words: Impacted tooth, Maxillary incisors orthodontics, tooth movement
Teeth in The Line of Mandibular FracturesAhmed Adawy
Dr. Ahmed M. Adawy, Professor Emeritus, Dep. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. Former Dean, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University. Approximately 60% of fractures of the mandible occur in the teeth bearing area. Incisors and third molars are the most commonly involved teeth on the fracture lines. The damaged to the tooth involved at the fracture site may include exposure of the root surface subluxation, avulsion or root fracture. This may lead to the vitalization, consequent infection and complicated healing of the fraction. Wether to remove or preserve the tooth in line of fraction is discussed. Certain guidelines have been suggested.
Dental auto transplantation is defined as the movement of one tooth or dental germ from one position to another, within the same person . Tooth reimplantation and transplantation have a long and difficult history, since both procedures have been carried out for centuries, but failed due to healing complications. This article provides an overview concept of auto transplantation and considerations for clinical success.
Similar to Esthetics Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors: Single-Tooth Implants (20)
Aesthetic Management of Fractured Anteriors: A Case ReportAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Introduction: Coronal fracture of anterior teeth is an important topic for esthetic dentistry. Such fractures may jeopardize esthetics, function, tissue biology
and occlusal physiology, thus endangering tooth vitality and integrity. Coronal fractures resulting from dental trauma most frequently occur to the maxillary
anterior teeth of adolescents and less frequently to mandibular teeth. Adult teeth may also suffer traumatic fracture, although less frequently than for
adolescents.
Case Report: In our case, an economical and time-saving novel technique has been described for direct composite restoration in a young patient with
uncomplicated fractured maxillary anterior tooth.
Conclusion: As restoring a fractured tooth is a complex procedure, this technique can prove as a simple, effective and appropriate technique that will fulfill all
the requirements of dental personnel. This technique can also prove to be easy for inexperienced beginner clinicians without requiring special skills in
providing the patients with direct composite restorations.
Impacted Maxillary Central Incisors: Surgical Exposure and Orthodontic Treat...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
The maxillary permanent central incisor develops early in life and forms part of an aesthetic smile. Disruption of the formation or eruption of the permanent
central incisor has multiple etiological factors. Treatment options depend to some extent on the cause of failure of eruption of the central incisor. Generally,
the earlier treatment is provided, the higher the likelihood of success and the less the complexity. Our results suggest that close monitoring and interdisciplinary
cooperation during the treatment phases led to a successful esthetic result, with good periodontal health and functional occlusion.
Dental implants represent one of the most successful treatment modalities in dentistry.
However, failures do occur in the range from 5 to 8% for routine procedures and up to 20% in major grafting
cases after at least 5 years of function . The majority of implant losses may be explained as biomechanically
induced failures, since low primary implant stability, low bone density, short implants and overload have been
identified as risk factors . Hence, achievement and maintenance of implant stability are pre-conditions for a
successful clinical outcome with dental implants.
The review focuses on different methods used to assess implant stability and recent advances in this field.
Aesthetic Management of Fractured Anteriors: A Case ReportAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Introduction: Coronal fracture of anterior teeth is an important topic for esthetic dentistry. Such fractures may jeopardize esthetics, function, tissue biology
and occlusal physiology, thus endangering tooth vitality and integrity. Coronal fractures resulting from dental trauma most frequently occur to the maxillary
anterior teeth of adolescents and less frequently to mandibular teeth. Adult teeth may also suffer traumatic fracture, although less frequently than for
adolescents.
Case Report: In our case, an economical and time-saving novel technique has been described for direct composite restoration in a young patient with
uncomplicated fractured maxillary anterior tooth.
Conclusion: As restoring a fractured tooth is a complex procedure, this technique can prove as a simple, effective and appropriate technique that will fulfill all
the requirements of dental personnel. This technique can also prove to be easy for inexperienced beginner clinicians without requiring special skills in
providing the patients with direct composite restorations
Orthodontic tooth movement is basically a biologic response towards a mechanical force. Osteoclast and osteoblast cells mediate bone resorption and apposition, which eventually produces tooth movement. Researches showed that the rate of orthodontic tooth movement can be altered by certain drugs locally or systemically. The Objective of this article is to discuss the current data concerning the effect of drugs on orthodontic tooth movement.
The multifactorial factors influenc cleft Lip-literature review Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Congenital cleft-Lip and cleft palate have been the subject of many genetic
studies, but until recently there has been no consensus as to their modes of
inheritance. In fact, claims have been made for just about every genetic
mechanism one can think of. Recently, however, evidence has been
accumulating that favors a multifactorial basis for these malformations. The
purpose of the present paper is to present the etiology of cleft lip and cleft palate
both the genetic and the environmental factors. It is suggested that the genetic
basis for diverse kinds of common or uncommon congenital malformations may
very well be homogeneous, whilst, at the same, the environmental basis is
heterogeneous.
Dental implants represent one of the most successful treatment modalities in dentistry.
However, failures do occur in the range from 5 to 8% for routine procedures and up to 20% in major grafting cases after at least 5 years of function . The majority of implant losses may be explained as biomechanically induced failures, since low primary implant stability, low bone density, short implants and overload have been identified as risk factors . Hence, achievement and maintenance of implant stability are pre-conditions for a successful clinical outcome with dental implants.
The review focuses on different methods used to assess implant stability and recent advances in this field
Over time, progressively shorter implants have been placed such that short implants are now available that are less than 6 mm in length. The viability and high success rates seen with short implants can be explained by osseointegration, the macro geometric design of the implant, as well as physics and the distribution of forces. This paper was aimed to review the stability and survival rate of short implants under functional loads. Numerical and clinical studies were reviewed. Keywords: Short dental implants, sinus augmentation, factors affecting bone regeneration in dental implantology
Porcelain laminate veneers are among the most esthetic means of creating a more pleasing and beautiful smile. Porcelain veneers within reason allow for the alteration of tooth position, shape, size and color. They require a minimal amount of tooth preparation, approximately 0.5 mm to 0.7mm of surface enamel reduction. This study describes the use of ceramic veneers without tooth wear, reinforcing the concept that minimally invasive porcelain laminate veneers could become versatile and conservative allies in the fi eld of esthetic dentistry. Keywords: Ceramics, dentin-bonding agents, esthetics
Immediate Restoration of Single Implants Replacing Lateral Incisor Compromis...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Today, the diagnosis of internal root resorption is significantly improved by the three-dimensional imaging. Furthermore, the CBCT’s superior diagnosis accuracy resulted in an improved management of the resorptive defects and a better outcome of Implant therapy of teeth with internal resorption.Implant has become a wide option to maintain periodontal architecture. Diagnosis and treatment planning is the key factors in achieving the successful outcomes after placing and restoring implants placed immediately after tooth extraction. The purpose of this clinical update is to report on the success and survival of Immediate restoration of single implants replacing right lateral incisor compromised by internal resorption.
Immediate Implant Placement And Restoration With Natural Tooth In The Maxilla...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Anterior tooth loss and restoration in the esthetic zone is a common challenge in dentistry today. The prominent visibility of the area can be especially distressing to the patient and requires a timely and esthetically pleasing solution. Immediate single-tooth implantation followed by immediate provisionalization is becoming an increasingly desirable treatment that offers numerous benefits over conventional delayed loading. Provisionalization for immediately-placed implants using the patient’s existing tooth can enhance the final aesthetic outcome if certain steps are
followed. If the natural tooth is intact and can be used as a provisional, the emergence profile can be very similar to the preoperative condition. This article outlines a technique to use the patient’s natural tooth after extraction to provisionalize an implant.
Clinical Management of Bilateral Impacted Maxillary CaninesAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Introduction: Impaction of maxillary canines is a frequently encountered clinical problem in orthodontic therapy. When a preventive
approach fails, treatment involves surgical exposure of the impacted tooth, followed by orthodontic traction to guide and align it into the
dental arch. The aim of the present report was to demonstrate by case reports of an adult patient with bilateral impacted maxillary canines
treated with surgical exposure and orthodontic treatment.
Material and Methods: A 15year-old female with various degrees of bilateral palatal impaction of maxillary canines were managed
by the described technique.
Results and Discussion: Autonomous eruption of the impacted canines after surgical uncovering was witnessed in all patients
without the need for application of a vertical orthodontic force for their extrusion.
Conclusion: The described method of surgical uncovering and autonomous eruption created conditions for biological eruption of the
palatally impacted canines into the oral cavity and facilitated considerably the subsequent orthodontic treatment for their proper alignment
in the dental arch.
Keywords: Impacted canines; Surgical; Tooth exposure; Orthodontic treatment
“One-Piece” Immediate-Load Post-Extraction Implant In Maxillary Central IncisorAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Abstract: This case report describes extraction of a fractured left maxillary central incisor tooth, followed by immediate placement of an one-piece implant in the prepared socket and temporization by a bonded restoration.
Materials And Methods: The tooth was extracted with minimal hard and soft tissue trauma and without flap reflection. The socket was prepared to the required depth and a Implant was inserted.
Results: The atraumatic operating technique and the immediate insertion of the one-piece Implant resulted in the preservation of the hard and soft tissues at the extraction site.
Conclusion: The “One-piece” dental implant and provisional restoration provided the patient with immediate esthetics, function, comfort and most importantly preservation of tissues. The one-piece implant design resulted in a high cumulative implant survival rate and beneficial marginal bone levels.
Single Visit Replacement of Central Maxillary Using Fiber-Reinforced Composi...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Fiber reinforced composites are high strength filling materials composed of conventional composites and glass fibres. They exhibit extensive applications in different fields of dentistry. This clinical report present a case where FRC technology was successfully used to restore central maxillary incisor edentulous area in terms of esthetic-cosmetic values and functionality.
Zirconium Dental Implants And Crown for Congenitally Missing Maxillary Latera...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Zirconia implants were familiarized into dental implantology. Zirconia appears
to be an appropriate implant material due to its low plaque affinity, tooth like color, biocompatibility and mechanical properties. The following a case presentations will show how the acid-etched zirconia Implant can be used to functionally and aesthetically replace congenitally missing left lateral incisor tooth germ in the maxilla, and achieve optimal soft tissues and health.
Surgery of Labially Impacted Canine & Orthodontic Management – A Case ReportAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Maxillary canines are one of the most common teeth that are impacted among patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Depending on the position of these impacted teeth, various surgical techniques have been employed for their exposure. His primary goal of surgical phase is to provide the means for correct position of orthodontic anchorage. Additionally, the technique used must ensure favorable tissue anatomy that will permit long-term maintenance of periodontal health. In the present case, a labially impacted maxillary left canine was surgically exposed using an apically positioned flap. Orthodontic extrusion was carried out further.
Taurodontism is a rare dental anomaly in which the involved tooth has an enlarged and elongated body and pulp chamber
with apical displacement of the pulpal floor. Endodontic treatment of a taurodont tooth is challenge to a clinician and
requires special handling because of the proximity and apical displacement of the roots. The present article describes the
diagnosis and management of hypertaurodontism by endodontic treatment in a left mandibular second molar.
Management of Open Apex in Permanent Teeth with BiodentineAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Biodentine is new calcium silicate based cement that exhibits physical and chemical properties similar to those described for certain Portland cement derivatives. This article demonstrates the use of the newer material, Biodentine as an apical matrix barrier in root end apexification procedure. This case reports present apexification and successful healing with the use of Biodentine as an apical barrier matrix.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
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1. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 15, Issue 12 Ver. I (December. 2016), PP 101-110
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/0853-151201101110 www.iosrjournals.org 101 | Page
Esthetics Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors: Single-Tooth
Implants
Abu-Hussein Muhamad1
, Mai Abdulgani2
, AzzaldeenAbdulgani3
,
Nezar Watted4
Abstract: Congenitally missing teeth are frequently presented to the dentist. Interdisciplinary approach may be
needed for the proper treatment plan. The available treatment modalities to replace congenitally missing teeth
include prosthodontic fixed and removable prostheses, resin bonded retainers, orthodontic movement of
maxillary canine to the lateral incisor site and single tooth implants. Implants are a viable option for
replacement of congenitally missing lateral incisors and should be considered before the commencement
of definitive treatment plan. Early diagnosis, and proper planning can achieve excellent aesthetics.
Interdisciplinary treatment plays a vital role to achieve an excellent, esthetic result for a most predictable
outcome. This article aims to present a case report of replacement of bilaterally ,congenitally missing
maxillary lateral incisors with dental implants .
Keywords;Congenitally missing teeth, Orthodontics, dental implants, Interdisciplinary approach
I. Introduction
Teeth are commonly absent from the dental arch either congenitally or as a result of disease, of which
caries and periodontal breakdown are the most common.[1] While it is not axiomatic that a missing tooth should
always be replaced, there are many occasions where this is desirable to improve appearance, masticatory
function or speech, or sometimes to prevent harmful changes in the dental arches, such as the overeruption or
tilting/drifting of teeth. [1,2,3] Tooth loss is also followed by resorption of the alveolar bone, which exacerbates
the resultant tissue deficit.[1]
The maxillary lateral incisor is the second most frequently missing tooth after the mandibular second
premolar even though Muller et al. found that maxillary lateral incisors experience the most agenesis (not
including third molars).[4] Agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisor is also linked with anomalies and
syndromes such as agenesis of other permanent teeth, microdontia of maxillary lateral incisors (peg laterals),
palatally displaced canines and distal angulations of mandibular second premolars.[5,6]
Congenitally missing maxillary permanent lateral incisors often lead to an unattractive appearance and
difficulty in treatment planning. Age, location, space limitations, alveolar ridge deficiencies, uneven gingival
margins, occlusion, and periodontal factors often necessitate an interdisciplinary approach. [3,4]
Several studies have shown that MSX1 and PAX9 genes play a role in early teeth development. PAX 9
is a paired domain transcription factor that plays a critical role in odontogenesis. All identified mutations of
PAX 9 and MX1 have been associated with nonsyndromic form of teeth agenesis.[7] Hypodontia creates
significant challenges to the clinicians in both diagnosis and management. Comprehensive management often
requires a multidisciplinary approach.[7]
Agenesis, the absence of permanent teeth, is a common occurrence among dental patients. The total
incidence of tooth agenesis is about 4.2% among patients that are seeking orthodontic treatment ; and with the
exception of third molars, the maxillary lateral incisors are the most common congenitally missing teeth with
about a 2% incidence . [8,9] Esthetically correcting congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors is a
common challenge that every orthodontist and dental team will face, and dentists must consider the treatment
options that are most appropriate for each patient.[1,3,4,5]
There are different treatment alternatives for patients with a missing lateral incisor because of
congenital reasons [1-8]. Esthetic and functional problems can arise when an orthodontic space closure is
realized and the canine is moved into the missing lateral incisor‘s space [2-9].
The two major alternative treatment options are orthodontic space closure or space opening for
prosthetic replacements. But they both can compromise aesthetics, periodontal health and function. Treatment
alternatives for restoring edentulous spaces resulting from congenitally missing permanent lateral incisors
include removable partial dentures, conventional fixed bridges, resin-bonded bridges, autotransplantation,
orthodontic repositioning of canines to close the edentulous space and single-tooth implant.[1,2,5]
The first step to the successful, long-term management of a congenitally missing lateral incisor case is
early detection and referral to the orthodontist. The role of the orthodontist in the early mixed-dentition stage of
development is to monitor and guide the eruption of the permanent canine. If the crown of the permanent canine
is erupting apical to the primary canine root as it normally does, it may be necessary to selectively extract the
2. Esthetics Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors : Single-Tooth Implants
DOI: 10.9790/0853-151201101110 www.iosrjournals.org 102 | Page
primary lateral incisor to encourage the permanent canine to erupt adjacent to the central incisor. The reason for
this is two fold. A mesially positioned canine not only provides a natural means for augmenting the supporting
tissues, but it also allows for greater flexibility in future treatment planning.[1,3,4, 6,7,8]
Since the maxillary lateral is in the anterior esthetic zone, details of the total smile and individual
dental esthetics need to be considered. Recent literature ranks esthetics high in orthodontic patient diagnosis.
―Wylie emphasized that the goal of orthodontic treatment should be to attain the best possible esthetic result,
both dentally and facially . Studies have shown the importance of having an attractive smile; attractive people
are perceived to be kinder, more sensitive, interesting, modest, sociable, exciting, obtain better jobs and lead
more fulfilling lives.[10]
Besides achieving the best possible functional occlusion and healthiest position of the teeth, dentists
have the demanding task of creating an esthetic result for patients that will effect the rest of their life. Dental
professionals must always strive to treat to the highest esthetic standards known to the profession.[1-6]
The smile arc allows dental professionals to correlate the upper anterior teeth to the lower lip . If the
maxillary anterior incisal edges follow the curvature of the lower lip while smiling, it is called consonant. A
flat smile arc is characterized as nonconsonant. Research has shown that flatter smile arcs are less attractive .
[11] From an anterior view, the maxillary teeth should follow the guide of the golden proportion: the maxillary
lateral incisor appearance in the smile should be 2/3 or 62% the width of the central incisor. The maxillary
canine should be about 62% of the lateral ncisor width; thus a tooth will show 62% of the tooth mesial to it in an
anterior view.[11,12]
Buccal corridor spaces have recently become more important to smile esthetics. The buccal corridor is
the space between the facial surfaces of the posterior teeth and the corners of the lips when smiling . While
researchers like Hulsey (1970) did not believe that this buccal corridor contributed to smile esthetics,[13]
research by Moore et al (2005) and Parekh et al (2006) show that decreasing the buccal corridor space is more
esthetic.[14,15] Researchers and clinicians now consider larger buccal corridors as part of the problem list
during diagnosis. One study confirmed that orthodontists and lay persons thought that a broader arch form
produces a more attractive smile, and lay persons think it is more attractive to have a greater number of teeth
displayed while smiling than having fewer teeth visible .[13,14,15]
The shape of an individual‘s anterior teeth varies enough to influence dental esthetics. Anderson
(2005) researched the different tooth shapes of male and female patients. He divided the shapes of anterior
teeth into: square, square-round, and round. For female patients, general dentists preferred round incisors while
orthodontists preferred round and square-round incisors. For the male patient, dentists and orthodontists both
preferred square-round incisors. [10]
Tooth color also reflects the attractiveness of a smile. In general, posterior teeth tend to have a more
yellowish color than the anterior teeth, which are whiter. Yellow teeth are deemed to be unattractive by dental
professionals and lay persons alike . The color shade of each tooth and how they blend with the adjacent teeth
is crucial to dental esthetics. A study showed that orthodontists, general dentists, and laypeople all thought a
dark shade of an anterior tooth was less attractive than an unesthetic gingival margin, crown width, or incisal
shape .[16]
As one smiles, the height of the gingiva displayed between the maxillary central incisors and the upper
lip is important. An ideal amount of gingival display is 2.1mm , while too much gingival display is unesthetic
and called a ‗gummy smile‘.[1,2,3,4]
Gingival shape and contour are determined by the osseous contour . The gingival margin of the
maxillary central incisor and the canine should bet one to two millimeters higher than that of the lateral incisor.
The bony projection over the labial surface of the canine root is called a canine eminence. [1,3] The gingival
zenith is the most apical point of the gingival tissue on the facial cervical area of a tooth . For mandibular
centrals and maxillary laterals, the gingival zenith is in line with the long axis of the tooth. The gingival zenith
for the maxillary central incisors is located distal to the longitudinal axis .[11,12]
For patients with a congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor, multiple factors should be
considered when formulating a treatment plan. [17] These should include available space for the crown and
root, canine position, molar occlusion, smile/dental/gingival esthetics, bone quality and quantity, age, facial
profile, lip posture, and finances. [17,18] Whatever treatment option is chosen will depend primarily on two
factors: occlusion and anterior esthetics. In the past, orthodontists thought the presence or absence of a major
malocclusion was the most important factor, but with anterior esthetics as a more recent major orthodontic goal
this may not always hold true. [19] Currently, treatment planning is becoming more directed toward the
importance of anterior esthetics and the position of the maxillary incisors, the best treatment may be one that
provides the best esthetic outcome. [20]Anterior esthetics and occlusion must both be considered together;
since a less favorable treatment plan may be implemented if only one is considered. [17-21]
However, finances also factor into the decision making process and resulting treatment.
Unfortunately, not every patient will follow through with ideal treatment, or any treatment at all due to
3. Esthetics Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors : Single-Tooth Implants
DOI: 10.9790/0853-151201101110 www.iosrjournals.org 103 | Page
monetary constraints.[1,3,18,19]This interdisciplinary approach may involve preprosthetic orthodontic treatment
following consultations with an oral surgeon and prosthodontist to ensure orthodontic alignment will facilitate
the surgical, implant and restorative treatment. Early investigation is especially important due to the higher
association of congenitally missing or pegshaped lateral incisors with these anomalies. In addition, early
investigation will give the patient time to explore all possible treatment options including implant restorations.
II. Case Report
The patient‘s main concerns were that her teeth were not properly aligned, two upper lateral incisors
were missing, and the canines in the lateral incisor position did not present the proper appearance. She said it
was important to have ―normal‖ lateral incisors. Figure 1
The patient was a healthy 14-year-old with no current significant medical concerns. She had partial
paralysis of the left maxillary lip as a result of minor facial surgery as a young child. Temporomandibular
Joints: Within normal limits Extraoral: Lip dynamics are affected on the upper left side. Intraoral: The
patient presented with retained maxillary primary cuspids and permanent maxillary cuspids in the lateral incisor
position. Also, these cuspids were slightly underdeveloped on their mesial aspect. The patient had a history of
regular dental care and excellent oral hygiene, requiring continual care and preventive dental procedures only .
Adult dentition was not fully erupted, the primary cuspids were evident with minimal residual root present, only
one third molar was developing, and the maxillary laterals were absent. The occlusion is diagnosed as skeletal
Class I with a mild Class II tendency. She presented with a dental Class II molar relation on the right and a Class
I molar relation on the left. Maxillary lateral incisors were congenitally missing, and the maxillary primary
canines were retained. Figure 2 The maxillary canines were in the position of the missing lateral incisors. The
maxillary left first premolar was in buccal crossbite. The overjet was mildly increased, and the overbite was
60%. The maxillary dental midline was displaced 3 mm to the left, and the mandibular midline was coincident
with the facial midline. The prognosis for this dentition was considered good but was highly dependent on the
successful achievement of the orthodontic treatment to place the teeth in acceptable occlusion and to provide
enough space for the placement of implants in the maxillary lateral spaces. In addition, the prognosis depended
on the placement of implants in adequate bone and management of the hard and soft tissues for the patient‘s
esthetic demands.
Treatmentplan
To address her needs, several options were offered to the patient:
• Orthodontic treatment and resin-bonded bridges to replace the lateral incisors.
• Conventional bridgework.
• Orthodontic treatment, followed by dental implants and implant-supported crowns.
The patient and her parents chose option Orthodontic treatment, followed by dental implants and implant-
supported crowns.
Figure 1; Initial frontal view
Phase I: Orthodontics
Orthodontic appliances were bonded into place. A Herbst appliance was fabricated and delivered 3
weeks later. Primary canines were extracted after all orthodontic hardware was in place, and composite was
bonded onto the mesial of the maxillary first premolars to fill the vacancy of the extracted primary canines (for
esthetics). The Herbst appliance was advanced on the left slightly and the right at 4-week intervals to achieve
anterior-posterior correction and to distalize maxillary molars during canine retraction. As the canines were
retracted, the composite was removed from the premolars. Eventually, prosthetic lateral incisors were placed on
the archwire. Figure 3
The maxillary canines were fully retracted in 10 months, and the Herbst appliance was removed 1
month later. Then, rubber band wear was used to detail occlusion and finalize midline correction. After most of
4. Esthetics Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors : Single-Tooth Implants
DOI: 10.9790/0853-151201101110 www.iosrjournals.org 104 | Page
the vertical growth had occurred, resin-bonded bridges were cemented and Essex retainers fabricated for
retention until the implant phase could be started. Figure 4
Figure 2; Initial panoramic radiograph
Phase II: Management of the Hard and Soft Tissues—Dental Implant Placement
The following five diagnostic keys for implant success in the esthetic zone are critical for formulating a
treatment plan:
• Relative tooth position (both apical/coronally as well as buccal/lingually)
• Tissue biotype
• Tooth shape
• Osseous crest level
• Scallop form
The significant findings relative to these five diagnostic keys:
• The tissue biotype was relatively thin.
• The teeth were more triangular than square.
• The bone thickness buccal-lingually at the surgical sites was deficient, precluding a conventional implant-
placement technique.
Hard- and soft-tissue augmentation was required. The technique of splitting the edentulous maxillary
ridge , expanding the bone, along with a simultaneous pediculated connective soft-tissue graft, was chosen to
address these concerns. The rationale for expansion of the ridge, with simultaneous soft-tissue augmentation,
was not only to provide enough bone volume for implant placement, but also to provide a more pleasing soft-
tissue framework for the implant-supported crown. A concave soft-tissue contour creates a slight shadow,
whereas a convex soft-tissue profile allows light reflection for the viewer. This increased light reflection/light
creates a more pleasing esthetic outcome. Figure 5
Figure 3;Retracted frontal view, early orthodontic composite on premolar.
The surgeries were initiated with a 10-mm long supraperiosteal incision lingual to the osteotomy site.
With internal mesial-, distal-, and apical-releasing incisions, as well as a full-thickness flap elevation over the
crest and toward the buccal, a pediculated connective soft-tissue graft was harvested and access to the osteotomy
site gained.
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Figure4; Retracted frontal view postorthodontics.
The center of the ridge was located with a fitted Vassos Implant Position System ring and a precision
drill was used to initiate the osteotomy. The surgical kit twist drill was used to a depth of 9 mm and the
angulations verified radiographically with a position indicator . The ridge was split with an 1169 bur mesial-
distally Access for a diamond disk was insufficient. Figure 6
Figure 5; Panoramic radiograph postorthodontics.
The exposed alveolar ridge was expanded horizontally, using a split-control kit , taking care not to
fracture the cortical plates. The site was refined further with an osteotome to condense the bone and shape the
osteotomy prior to final preparation with the conical reamer. An implant was placed 1 mm below the bone
crest because of the significant platform-switch design of this implant system. There was 1.5 mm of bone mesial
and distal to the implant and 2 mm to the facial. These are critical parameters for health and long-term retention
of the hard and soft tissues.
The pediculated graft was rolled under the facial flap to augment the soft-tissue volume. This
augmented soft tissue was then sutured to the palatal gingiva. The resin-bonded bridge provisionals were re-
cemented with a self-adhesive resin cement.
Phase III: Restorative
The restorative phase was initiated 10 weeks after implant placement. After the resin-bonded bridges
were removed, an incision was made lingual to the implants and the tissue released to the facial. The implant
cover screws were removed, and standard analog abutments were tried in using an Essex retainer to evaluate
space. A 1.5-mm to 4-mm straight standard abutment was chosen for each implant . Bis-acryl provisionals
were made and cemented with a temporary crown-and-bridge cement. The tissue was approximated around the
provisional and sutured .
After 2 weeks of healing, the provisionals were removed and a closed-tray polyvinyl siloxane
impression was taken. Two weeks later, porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns were tried in and cemented with
Premier Implant Cement. Figure 7
6. Esthetics Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors : Single-Tooth Implants
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Figure 6; Ridge expansion with Meisinger kit.
The height of the interproximal gingival tissues around an implant-supported restoration is dependent
on the bone level of the adjacent natural teeth. The bone on the facial of the implant determines the height of
facial tissue. Conservative flap management development of thicker tissue biotype, surgical and prosthetic
selection of the implant and abutment design to minimize the micro-movement via a Morse taper internal
connection and a platform switch to promote increased soft-tissue volume, and minimizing inflammation by
medializing and decreasing the biologic width are all major factors that influence the final position of the tissues
around the implant-supported restoration Other factors include minimizing the number of disconnections and
reconnections of the abutment/implant assembly. Complete maturation of the gingival tissue takes several
months Figure 8.
Figure 7;Bis-acryl provisionals at uncovering of implants, tissues sutured.
At 1-year postsurgery, the peri-implant and interproximal tissues were maturing and a more normal
gingival architecture was realized. Select contouring of the anterior teeth was accomplished to improve the
overall esthetic . Figure 9
Phase IV: Maintenance
The patient achieved her goals of replacement of her missing lateral incisors, improved occlusion, and
pleasing esthetic results. More importantly, the results afforded the patient a sense of completeness and
improved confidence. This interdisciplinary approach necessitated a treatment-planning process that started with
the final outcome in mind. The incisal edge position, occlusal plane, orthopedic position, and esthetic factors
were anticipated and planned from the start.
Respecting the five keys to esthetic success for implants in the esthetic zone and anticipating potential
hard- and soft-tissue variables and how to address them during the surgical and prosthetic phases, assured the
greatest likelihood for success, both in the short and long term. The detailed orthodontic placement of the teeth
in the arch and face and with adequate interroot space for implant placement was equally important. Ideal
esthetics requires ideal tooth position. Figure 10
Figure 8; Initial porcelain fused to metal crown try-in.
7. Esthetics Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors : Single-Tooth Implants
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Although there can be only one correct diagnosis, various treatment options are possible, each with a
different long-term prognosis. Surgically, other treatment modalities for splitting and expanding the ridge could
have been the use of Piezosurgery or a scalpel blade, with the use of D spreaders. Prosthetically, lab selected
customized-machined and contoured abutments also could have been selected.
The approach used for this patient, with missing and improperly aligned teeth, illustrates the rationale
and execution of an interdisciplinary treatment plan. This treatment facilitated the management of the patient‘s
functional, esthetic, and psychological needs in a relatively noninvasive and long-term predictable manner. The
results were very acceptable to the patient and exceeded her expectations.
III. Discussion
For patients with congenitally missing lateral incisors, in addition to over-retained primary teeth,
permanent canines may erupt or drift mesially into the edentulous space. If the space is to be opened
orthodontically for ideal prosthesis, the canines will need to be moved distally, which may result in development
of the alveolar ridge in the canine region [2,7,20]. In cases where the occlusion and esthetics of the canine in the
lateral position are acceptable, closure of the lateral space by the mesially positioned canine may be the simplest
alternative treatment option.However, in all the above congenital missing cases we considered space opening
followed by fixed prosthesis would be more acceptable on aesthetic point of view.[5]
Figure9; Ret;racted frontal view 1-year postimplant.
The optimal time for placement of fixed prosthesis is after the growth of the maxilla, mandible and
alveolus is complete. If fixed prosthesis/implant are placed before growth is complete, the surrounding alveolar
bone may continue to develop vertically and adjacent teeth may continue to erupt. Thus a discrepancy between
the gingival margins of the prosthesis and the natural teeth is created and the prosthesis appears to became
submerged. This creates a functional as well as an esthetic problem.[1,3,5] In this case, alveolar bone was
available in maxillary lateral incisor areas in the mesiodistal and coronoapical dimen-sion; however, there was
deficiency in orofacial dimension. The patient was refused to have bone augmentation procedures using either
autogenic or synthetic bone grafts because of financial and patient related factors [2,4].
Therefore, implants with 3 mm diameter were used to compensate for horizontal alveolar bone
deficiency. However, to avoid labial fenestration, the implants had to be placed off axis in labial direction. The
relationship of the position between the implant and the proposed restoration should be based on the position of
the implant shoulder, since it will influence the final hard and soft tissue response [2,5]. The malposition of the
implant shoulder in the coronoapical direction causes soft tissue recession. In this case, location of the implant
shoulders was in coronoapical and mesiodistal dimension in comfort zone. However, in the orofacial dimension
the implant shoulders were in danger zone [2,5].
The angulation of implants in labial direction was compensated using angled abutments that were
prepared for better emergence profile of the ceramic crowns. Many authors have also concluded that angled
abutments may be considered a suitable restorative option when implants are not placed in ideal axial positions.
Nevertheless, forces applied off axis may be expected to overload the bone surrounding single-tooth implants, as
shown by Papavasiliou et al using finite element analysis. Hence, the segmental osteotomy may provide an
alternative treatment to reposition the severely malposed implants. [22]Implant placement must be avoided
before the growth of the maxilla, mandible, and alveolus ends. [1,3,4] If placed earlier, discrepancies between
the gingival contours of the implant and natural teeth, as well as occlusal and restorative complications, may
occur. While the surrounding bone presents vertical growth and adjacent teeth keep on erupting, the implant
reacting as an ankylosed tooth119 will seem to have been submerged.
The most suitable method to ascertain the cessation of facial growth is the superimposition of
sequential cephalometric radiographs taken 6 months to 1 year apart. Absence of changes in facial height,
represented by nasion to menton distance, indicates that facial growth has been completed.[1,3,5]
8. Esthetics Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors : Single-Tooth Implants
DOI: 10.9790/0853-151201101110 www.iosrjournals.org 108 | Page
Rochette17 in 1972 so, at that time, the only options for a bridge involved tooth preparation. It is reasonable to
assume that the orthodontists of 30 years or more ago would have preferred a non-destructive approach for
young patients to preserve longterm dental health.[23]
Figure 10; Panoramic radiograph 1-year postimplant.
In orthodontic practice assessed the space for implants by the traditional method of measurement
between the crowns of adjacent teeth was not surprising. As long as there is sufficient space to place an implant,
the actual width of the finished crown can be adjusted to fit the available space.[24] The finding that
orthodontists with access to restorative dentistry advice assessed the space by intraoral radiographs or
measurements at the gingival margin probably reflects the emphasis on the implant surgery, ie providing
sufficient space for the implant, abutment, bone, adjacent periodontal ligament and gingival cuff rather than the
emphasis on providing sufficient space for the crown. [25]
Williams et al. showed a relatively high risk of debonding. Finally, treatment with the single implants
– a frequently described method of one-tooth replacement should be mentioned [26].Many investigations
showed that more than 90%of the patients are satisfied with the effects of implant supported single tooth
restoration in the aesthetic zone [27,28]. Nonetheless, the longterm observations proved many negative
alterations. The periodontal problems such as marginal bone loss around the adjacent teeth, connected with a
larger loss and reduction of the distance between the implant and the tooth were mentioned in contemporary
literature [28].
A Swedish article regarding implant insertion in the aesthetic zone showed other unfavorable aspects:
atrophy of the distal papillas, increased frequency of bleeding or mucositis when compared to the contralateral
natural teeth [20].
Iseri and Solow examined radiograms of the patients aged 9–25 years and proved continuous eruption
of the natural teeth, which allowed the conclusion that dental implants should not be used in childhood,
adolescence or young adulthood. This observation showed the need for temporary reconstruction of the spaces
opened for the prosthodontic restorations in the young patients. Some of the disadvantages of single-tooth
replacements with the dental implants may be reduced by proper orthodontic treatment with the gaining of
adequate space for the screws. Also, the correct timing of implant insertion after completed dental and skeletal
development may lead to an improvement of the results [29]
Czochrowska et al. highlighted that canine substitution is a valid therapeutic option, giving satisfying
aesthetics. Morphology, width and color of the upper canines serving as the ―new lateral incisors‖, are the major
factors influencing good treatment effects. Brighter than normal and rather small canines are favorable in
achieving an attractive smile after closure of the spaces [30]. The substituted canines of ten need recontouring.
Thordarson et al. showed that this procedure is safe and painless to the patient.[31]
The term ―team approach‖ has been used throughout the health care industry, and as technologies
continue to advance, this term has evolved from simply referring a patient back and forth to detailed treatment
planning and case selection.[32,33,34,35] In this case report, the restorative dentist presence and participation at
stage I surgery was a valuable asset to achieving the ideal esthetic and functional result for this patient. Patients
with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors may seek orthodontic therapy as part of a restorative
plan.[36,37]
Communication between the disciplines of orthodontics and restorative dentistry is recommended to
improve treatment planning in the management of hypodontic patients.[38,39,40] This study has further
highlighted the value of multidisciplinary evaluation and management of hypodontia before embarking on
treatment and throughout treatment,[1,2,3,39,40]
IV. Conclusions
Orthodontic space closure and implant substitution of missing maxillary incisors produced similar
satisfactory esthetic results. Neither of the treatments impaired temporomandibular joint function. However,
9. Esthetics Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors : Single-Tooth Implants
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orthodontic space closure patients had better periodontal health in comparison with implant substitution patients.
Furthermore, infraocclusion more than 1 mm was noticed in all the implant patients.It is important that the
orthodontist together with the other specialists frame a treatment objectives which are realistic and meet the
needs of the patient. Constant interaction and communication among the team members and the patient at all
level of treatment are the keys to the success of the interdisciplinary treatment.
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