This document summarizes several studies that show smoking does not actually relieve stress but instead increases it. The studies found that nicotine withdrawal between cigarettes causes stress for regular smokers. Starting smoking and becoming a regular smoker was also linked to increased stress levels in adolescents. Additionally, quitting smoking was shown to reduce reported stress levels. The conclusion is that the belief that smoking relieves stress is a myth, and that nicotine addiction actually causes heightened stress over time.
Dr. Priyanka Kumawat presented on smoking cessation treatments. Key points:
1) Quitting smoking reduces health risks but is difficult due to nicotine addiction. Over 1 billion people smoke worldwide and smoking causes many cancers and pulmonary/cardiovascular diseases.
2) FDA-approved smoking cessation treatments include nicotine replacement therapies, bupropion, and varenicline. Emerging treatments include e-cigarettes, vaccines, and drugs targeting nicotine receptors or withdrawal symptoms.
3) All smokers trying to quit should be offered medication. Higher doses of nicotine replacements may help highly dependent smokers. Second-line drugs like clonidine may help those unable to use first-line
1) Smoking is an addiction caused by nicotine binding to acetylcholine receptors in the brain. This results in the release of dopamine and creates dependence.
2) Smoking cessation requires motivation, easing withdrawal symptoms, and preventing relapse as smoking is a chronic disease similar to other disorders.
3) Effective smoking cessation approaches include counseling and pharmacotherapy. Combining the two gives the best results, such as using nicotine replacements and drugs like varenicline.
This document discusses smoking cessation and provides information to help people quit smoking. It discusses the harms of smoking and tactics that tobacco companies use. It also addresses common reasons and excuses for not quitting. The document outlines the physical, emotional, behavioral, social, and cognitive effects of the quitting process. It discusses stages of behavioral change and notes that many people think they can quit smoking at any time when that is often not the case. The document concludes by listing available help options for quitting smoking, including support groups, medications, health professionals, and online resources.
This document discusses smoking cessation and nicotine addiction. It covers physiological and psychological reasons for smoking, effects of nicotine and withdrawal symptoms. It describes nicotine as highly addictive due to its effects on the brain's reward pathway. A combination of behavioral support and proven pharmacotherapy like nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, and varenicline is recommended for successful smoking cessation. Quitting provides major health benefits but is challenging due to nicotine addiction in the brain and body.
The document discusses the harms of smoking and benefits of smoking cessation. Smoking causes numerous diseases and premature death, while quitting smoking at any age leads to immediate and long-term health improvements. Effective smoking cessation requires a comprehensive program with public education, community programs, helping smokers quit through counseling and medications, school programs, enforcement of tobacco regulations, and ongoing monitoring and evaluation.
Smoking cessation presentation dr. tsui - abbotsford, june 6, 2012Ihsaan Peer
Winston Tsui will present on smoking cessation treatment options and their accessibility to patients. He discloses speaking engagements with several pharmaceutical companies and has editorial control over the presentation content. The objectives are to review the literature on smoking cessation, understand tobacco dependence and treatment strategies, and create awareness of smoking as a major modifiable risk factor. Tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable death worldwide and smoking will kill over 175 million people between 2005-2030 if trends continue. Pharmacological options for smoking cessation include nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, and varenicline, which are more effective than placebo.
Brief Counseling for tobacco use Cessation Ashraf ElAdawy
The document discusses smoking cessation interventions and counseling. It covers:
- Smoking cessation is one of the most cost-effective medical interventions.
- There are different levels of smoking cessation interventions from minimal to intensive counseling and treatment.
- The 5 A's model is presented as an effective brief intervention approach which includes Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange.
- Stages of change are discussed from precontemplation to maintenance to explain how readiness to quit smoking changes over time. Relapse is also part of the process for many smokers.
This document provides guidance on using the 5As method to help patients quit smoking. The 5As include: Ask about smoking status, Advise smokers to quit, Assess willingness to quit, Assist with a plan to quit, and Arrange follow-up support. Key steps involve clearly advising patients of the health risks of smoking, helping set a quit date, recommending pharmacotherapy or other assistance, and following up over the first month to prevent relapse. The overall goal is to help smokers understand smoking dangers and develop a personalized plan to quit through counseling and support.
Dr. Priyanka Kumawat presented on smoking cessation treatments. Key points:
1) Quitting smoking reduces health risks but is difficult due to nicotine addiction. Over 1 billion people smoke worldwide and smoking causes many cancers and pulmonary/cardiovascular diseases.
2) FDA-approved smoking cessation treatments include nicotine replacement therapies, bupropion, and varenicline. Emerging treatments include e-cigarettes, vaccines, and drugs targeting nicotine receptors or withdrawal symptoms.
3) All smokers trying to quit should be offered medication. Higher doses of nicotine replacements may help highly dependent smokers. Second-line drugs like clonidine may help those unable to use first-line
1) Smoking is an addiction caused by nicotine binding to acetylcholine receptors in the brain. This results in the release of dopamine and creates dependence.
2) Smoking cessation requires motivation, easing withdrawal symptoms, and preventing relapse as smoking is a chronic disease similar to other disorders.
3) Effective smoking cessation approaches include counseling and pharmacotherapy. Combining the two gives the best results, such as using nicotine replacements and drugs like varenicline.
This document discusses smoking cessation and provides information to help people quit smoking. It discusses the harms of smoking and tactics that tobacco companies use. It also addresses common reasons and excuses for not quitting. The document outlines the physical, emotional, behavioral, social, and cognitive effects of the quitting process. It discusses stages of behavioral change and notes that many people think they can quit smoking at any time when that is often not the case. The document concludes by listing available help options for quitting smoking, including support groups, medications, health professionals, and online resources.
This document discusses smoking cessation and nicotine addiction. It covers physiological and psychological reasons for smoking, effects of nicotine and withdrawal symptoms. It describes nicotine as highly addictive due to its effects on the brain's reward pathway. A combination of behavioral support and proven pharmacotherapy like nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, and varenicline is recommended for successful smoking cessation. Quitting provides major health benefits but is challenging due to nicotine addiction in the brain and body.
The document discusses the harms of smoking and benefits of smoking cessation. Smoking causes numerous diseases and premature death, while quitting smoking at any age leads to immediate and long-term health improvements. Effective smoking cessation requires a comprehensive program with public education, community programs, helping smokers quit through counseling and medications, school programs, enforcement of tobacco regulations, and ongoing monitoring and evaluation.
Smoking cessation presentation dr. tsui - abbotsford, june 6, 2012Ihsaan Peer
Winston Tsui will present on smoking cessation treatment options and their accessibility to patients. He discloses speaking engagements with several pharmaceutical companies and has editorial control over the presentation content. The objectives are to review the literature on smoking cessation, understand tobacco dependence and treatment strategies, and create awareness of smoking as a major modifiable risk factor. Tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable death worldwide and smoking will kill over 175 million people between 2005-2030 if trends continue. Pharmacological options for smoking cessation include nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, and varenicline, which are more effective than placebo.
Brief Counseling for tobacco use Cessation Ashraf ElAdawy
The document discusses smoking cessation interventions and counseling. It covers:
- Smoking cessation is one of the most cost-effective medical interventions.
- There are different levels of smoking cessation interventions from minimal to intensive counseling and treatment.
- The 5 A's model is presented as an effective brief intervention approach which includes Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange.
- Stages of change are discussed from precontemplation to maintenance to explain how readiness to quit smoking changes over time. Relapse is also part of the process for many smokers.
This document provides guidance on using the 5As method to help patients quit smoking. The 5As include: Ask about smoking status, Advise smokers to quit, Assess willingness to quit, Assist with a plan to quit, and Arrange follow-up support. Key steps involve clearly advising patients of the health risks of smoking, helping set a quit date, recommending pharmacotherapy or other assistance, and following up over the first month to prevent relapse. The overall goal is to help smokers understand smoking dangers and develop a personalized plan to quit through counseling and support.
"Some rewards of quitting include improved health, more money in your pocket, better smelling hair and clothes, role modeling healthy behavior for loved ones, and feeling proud of yourself for making such a positive change."
• 4-Roadblocks
– Identify barriers to quitting and problem-solve
ways to overcome them
• 5-Repetition
– Repeat the motivational message at each visit
"I know quitting is difficult, but staying smoke-free gets easier over time as your body heals. Let's talk through any challenges you're facing and come up with a plan."
The 5Rs help enhance motivation by focusing the discussion on personal relevance, risks, rewards, barriers, and repeating encouragement
This document provides information on brief tobacco cessation counseling. It discusses the three-link chain of tobacco dependence, including biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors. It describes the five stages of change in the transtheoretical model: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. The 5 A's approach to brief counseling is explained as Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange. Under each step, techniques for counseling patients on quitting tobacco are outlined, including setting a quit date, developing a quit plan, and providing resources and support.
This document provides an overview of a tobacco cessation programme, including:
- Details on tobacco production, consumption, and the Global Adult Tobacco Survey.
- Scales to measure nicotine dependence like the Fagerstrom test.
- Models of behavior change like the Transtheoretical Model.
- Approaches to cessation like nicotine replacement therapy, pharmacotherapy, and behavioral counseling.
- Studies showing the success of tobacco cessation programs in India, including higher success rates for programs involving hospitals, counseling, and certain drug combinations.
- Barriers to cessation like a lack of trained health professionals and knowledge about tobacco's harms.
The document discusses nicotine addiction and pharmacotherapy options for smoking cessation. It begins by explaining how nicotine acts on the brain's reward pathway similarly to drugs like heroin and cocaine. Nicotine rapidly increases dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens, reinforcing the behavior. Pharmacotherapies like nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, and varenicline can help relieve withdrawal symptoms and cravings by interacting with nicotinic receptors. NRT is considered low risk and safer than smoking, delivering nicotine without other harmful chemicals. Combining medication with behavioral counseling improves quit rates.
Cocaine is highly addictive and can cause heart attacks and panic attacks. Long term cocaine use can be difficult to quit due to dependence. Cannabis smoking is damaging to lungs and can lead to lung disease, cancer, paranoia and loss of motivation. Ecstasy use has caused over 200 deaths in the UK since 1996 and can result in panic attacks, psychosis, liver and heart problems with regular use potentially leading to sleep issues, weight loss, depression or anxiety. Heroin is physically addictive and withdrawal is unpleasant, leading to long term depression for users due to lifestyle. Ketamine effects are unpredictable and dangerous and long term tolerance develops quickly. Solvent use can damage the brain long term. Tobacco contains highly addict
Nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) such as gum, patches, lozenges, inhalers, and sprays provide nicotine to help people quit smoking without the harmful chemicals in cigarettes. They are available in varying doses by prescription or over-the-counter to address different levels of nicotine addiction. While NRTs are more effective for quitting than going cold turkey, some people prefer alternative cessation medications like Zyban or Champix that do not contain nicotine but help curb cravings and withdrawal symptoms. Recent studies show that stop smoking programs combined with NRT can quadruple success rates for quitting permanently.
This document discusses smoking cessation and tobacco use. It begins with a brief history of tobacco use and cultivation. It then covers nicotine addiction including the mechanisms of action of nicotine in the brain and body. Withdrawal symptoms and reasons for smoking are explored. The 5 A's model of smoking cessation counseling is described involving asking about smoking history, advising smokers to quit, assessing readiness, assisting with a plan, and arranging follow up. Non-pharmacological and pharmacological cessation methods are summarized.
Pharmacotherapy for Tobacco Dependence -- Richard D. Hurt, M.D., Mayo ClinicGlobal Bridges
On April 4, 2012, Global Bridges presented the webinar "Pharmacotherapy for Tobacco Dependence," which featured Richard D. Hurt, M.D., founder and director of the Mayo Clinic Nicotine Dependence Center.
For the audio/video from this presentation, please visit http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqndR9wWfZo
- The document discusses nicotine testing methods and their use in various contexts like insurance, employment, schools, and research. It also covers nicotine metabolism and the differences between nicotine and its metabolite cotinine.
- The Nano-Check Rapid Nicotine Test is described as an immunoassay that detects cotinine in urine at cutoff levels of 200ng/ml or 500ng/ml to determine tobacco use. It provides results in 5-10 minutes and is intended for professional use.
- The test works by detecting cotinine in a urine sample via monoclonal antibodies on a test strip, with positive or negative results depending on whether or not a test line appears within the timeframe.
Smoking cessation education intended for health care providers and the general population, alike.
Historical information, photos, glamorization of the addiction, current aids to quit, statistical data.
Breaking the smoking addiction with hypnotherapy a short guidejanefielder02
Hypnotherapy is an effective treatment for breaking smoking addictions. During a hypnotherapy session, the patient is placed in a relaxed state where their mind is open to suggestions. The hypnotherapist then works to change the patient's thought patterns related to smoking by giving suggestions to reduce cravings and associate smoking with unpleasant feelings. Hypnotherapy teaches self-hypnosis techniques to continue the treatment at home. Quitting smoking reduces the risk of numerous health issues like infertility, gum disease, heart disease, lung cancer, and other cancers.
Does laser treatment to stop smoking workJane Allen
Laser treatment is a novel method for quitting smoking that uses low-level lasers to stimulate cells and release endorphins. It aims to help relieve nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms without using drugs. While proponents claim success rates of 80%, critics argue the evidence is limited and success may depend more on the individual's commitment to quitting. The treatment involves a few 15-minute sessions costing $50-$400. It provides a drug-free option but does not address psychological addiction and success is not guaranteed. For best results after laser treatment, lifestyle changes like a healthy diet with antioxidants and cleansing foods and drinks are recommended.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on tobacco cessation. It discusses the large number of tobacco users in India and the health impacts of tobacco use. It outlines regulatory, service-based, and educational approaches to tobacco control and the role of dentists in counseling patients. The 5 A's model for tobacco cessation counseling is described. Nicotine replacement therapies and other pharmacological aids are discussed. The presentation emphasizes the importance of dentists' involvement in tobacco control through counseling, advocacy, and community education efforts.
This document discusses the health effects of smoking and provides information on smoking cessation. Some key points:
1) Smoking significantly increases the risk of developing respiratory diseases and cancer, and over half of respiratory disease deaths are due to smoking. The risks diminish rapidly after quitting.
2) Nicotine replacement therapies like patches, gum, and lozenges can help reduce withdrawal symptoms and increase success rates for quitting. Bupropion is also used as a non-nicotine oral therapy.
3) Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) like e-cigarettes are increasingly popular but their long-term safety is still unknown. While they may contain fewer toxicants than cigarettes, health risks may
- Marijuana can be addictive, with some frequent, heavy users developing tolerance and experiencing withdrawal symptoms like irritability and sleeplessness when trying to quit.
- Long-term marijuana abuse can lead to addiction and negatively impact social functioning and intellectual ability due to effects on learning and memory that persist after the drug wears off.
- While most teens do not use marijuana, current rates of teen use are around one in six for 10th graders and fewer than one in five for high school seniors.
Welcome to Biotherapy Clinic, where you will find many treatment centers under one roof.Biotherapy Clinic, combine the wisdom of traditional folk medicine, ancient Eastern medicine, American and European naturopathy.
Public pressure from telling others about your goal and regularly updating them can help motivate you to quit smoking. Using positive pressure like posting updates online or writing a column keeps things upbeat. It's also important to enjoy activities like exercise by finding things you like and using rewards you find pleasurable when meeting smoking reduction goals. Motivation requires daily effort through techniques like these to help you attain your stop smoking desire.
This document summarizes several biological, learning, and cognitive models of smoking addiction. The biological models focus on genetic factors that influence susceptibility to initiation and maintenance of smoking through dopamine regulation and nicotine dependency. Learning models emphasize social learning and conditioning processes like classical conditioning of cues and operant conditioning of withdrawal symptoms that promote maintenance and relapse. Cognitive models suggest positive expectations of smoking's effects on mood influence initiation, and these expectations become reinforced through actual drug effects.
Quitting smoking: 10 ways to resist tobacco cravingswidojd
For most tobacco users, tobacco cravings or urges to smoke can
be powerful. But you're not at the mercy of these cravings.
When an urge to use tobacco strikes, remember that although it
may be intense, it will probably pass within five to 10 minutes
whether or not you smoke a cigarette or take a dip of chewing
tobacco. Each time you resist a tobacco craving, you're one step
closer to stopping tobacco use for good.
This document summarizes the psychology of motivation and how it relates to helping smokers quit. It defines motivation as brain processes that direct behavior, including impulses, desires, evaluations, and plans. Motivation to smoke comes from cue-driven impulses and enjoyment, while motivation to quit stems from health concerns, cost, and family worries. Desire and intention strongly predict quit attempts, whereas a sense of duty does not. Physician advice offering help is the most impactful trigger for quitting. However, few smokers receive effective advice, so online training could boost these skills.
How to relieve stress after smoking cessationJane Allen
Quitting smoking is stressful due to nicotine withdrawal and changes to the body. However, research shows quitting reduces stress levels over time. The document recommends five ways for smokers to relieve stress when quitting: exercising, getting social support, taking up a hobby, pampering oneself, and practicing deep breathing. These can help distract from cravings and free the lungs while the body adjusts to not having nicotine.
Ways to Stop Smoking discusses various methods to quit smoking including going "cold turkey" without treatment, nicotine replacement therapy using gum, patches, and other nicotine delivery methods, electronic cigarettes, psychology-based approaches like education and group therapy, and hypnosis. Smoking is highly dangerous and the leading cause of preventable death, so finding an effective method to quit is important for health and longevity.
"Some rewards of quitting include improved health, more money in your pocket, better smelling hair and clothes, role modeling healthy behavior for loved ones, and feeling proud of yourself for making such a positive change."
• 4-Roadblocks
– Identify barriers to quitting and problem-solve
ways to overcome them
• 5-Repetition
– Repeat the motivational message at each visit
"I know quitting is difficult, but staying smoke-free gets easier over time as your body heals. Let's talk through any challenges you're facing and come up with a plan."
The 5Rs help enhance motivation by focusing the discussion on personal relevance, risks, rewards, barriers, and repeating encouragement
This document provides information on brief tobacco cessation counseling. It discusses the three-link chain of tobacco dependence, including biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors. It describes the five stages of change in the transtheoretical model: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. The 5 A's approach to brief counseling is explained as Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange. Under each step, techniques for counseling patients on quitting tobacco are outlined, including setting a quit date, developing a quit plan, and providing resources and support.
This document provides an overview of a tobacco cessation programme, including:
- Details on tobacco production, consumption, and the Global Adult Tobacco Survey.
- Scales to measure nicotine dependence like the Fagerstrom test.
- Models of behavior change like the Transtheoretical Model.
- Approaches to cessation like nicotine replacement therapy, pharmacotherapy, and behavioral counseling.
- Studies showing the success of tobacco cessation programs in India, including higher success rates for programs involving hospitals, counseling, and certain drug combinations.
- Barriers to cessation like a lack of trained health professionals and knowledge about tobacco's harms.
The document discusses nicotine addiction and pharmacotherapy options for smoking cessation. It begins by explaining how nicotine acts on the brain's reward pathway similarly to drugs like heroin and cocaine. Nicotine rapidly increases dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens, reinforcing the behavior. Pharmacotherapies like nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, and varenicline can help relieve withdrawal symptoms and cravings by interacting with nicotinic receptors. NRT is considered low risk and safer than smoking, delivering nicotine without other harmful chemicals. Combining medication with behavioral counseling improves quit rates.
Cocaine is highly addictive and can cause heart attacks and panic attacks. Long term cocaine use can be difficult to quit due to dependence. Cannabis smoking is damaging to lungs and can lead to lung disease, cancer, paranoia and loss of motivation. Ecstasy use has caused over 200 deaths in the UK since 1996 and can result in panic attacks, psychosis, liver and heart problems with regular use potentially leading to sleep issues, weight loss, depression or anxiety. Heroin is physically addictive and withdrawal is unpleasant, leading to long term depression for users due to lifestyle. Ketamine effects are unpredictable and dangerous and long term tolerance develops quickly. Solvent use can damage the brain long term. Tobacco contains highly addict
Nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) such as gum, patches, lozenges, inhalers, and sprays provide nicotine to help people quit smoking without the harmful chemicals in cigarettes. They are available in varying doses by prescription or over-the-counter to address different levels of nicotine addiction. While NRTs are more effective for quitting than going cold turkey, some people prefer alternative cessation medications like Zyban or Champix that do not contain nicotine but help curb cravings and withdrawal symptoms. Recent studies show that stop smoking programs combined with NRT can quadruple success rates for quitting permanently.
This document discusses smoking cessation and tobacco use. It begins with a brief history of tobacco use and cultivation. It then covers nicotine addiction including the mechanisms of action of nicotine in the brain and body. Withdrawal symptoms and reasons for smoking are explored. The 5 A's model of smoking cessation counseling is described involving asking about smoking history, advising smokers to quit, assessing readiness, assisting with a plan, and arranging follow up. Non-pharmacological and pharmacological cessation methods are summarized.
Pharmacotherapy for Tobacco Dependence -- Richard D. Hurt, M.D., Mayo ClinicGlobal Bridges
On April 4, 2012, Global Bridges presented the webinar "Pharmacotherapy for Tobacco Dependence," which featured Richard D. Hurt, M.D., founder and director of the Mayo Clinic Nicotine Dependence Center.
For the audio/video from this presentation, please visit http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqndR9wWfZo
- The document discusses nicotine testing methods and their use in various contexts like insurance, employment, schools, and research. It also covers nicotine metabolism and the differences between nicotine and its metabolite cotinine.
- The Nano-Check Rapid Nicotine Test is described as an immunoassay that detects cotinine in urine at cutoff levels of 200ng/ml or 500ng/ml to determine tobacco use. It provides results in 5-10 minutes and is intended for professional use.
- The test works by detecting cotinine in a urine sample via monoclonal antibodies on a test strip, with positive or negative results depending on whether or not a test line appears within the timeframe.
Smoking cessation education intended for health care providers and the general population, alike.
Historical information, photos, glamorization of the addiction, current aids to quit, statistical data.
Breaking the smoking addiction with hypnotherapy a short guidejanefielder02
Hypnotherapy is an effective treatment for breaking smoking addictions. During a hypnotherapy session, the patient is placed in a relaxed state where their mind is open to suggestions. The hypnotherapist then works to change the patient's thought patterns related to smoking by giving suggestions to reduce cravings and associate smoking with unpleasant feelings. Hypnotherapy teaches self-hypnosis techniques to continue the treatment at home. Quitting smoking reduces the risk of numerous health issues like infertility, gum disease, heart disease, lung cancer, and other cancers.
Does laser treatment to stop smoking workJane Allen
Laser treatment is a novel method for quitting smoking that uses low-level lasers to stimulate cells and release endorphins. It aims to help relieve nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms without using drugs. While proponents claim success rates of 80%, critics argue the evidence is limited and success may depend more on the individual's commitment to quitting. The treatment involves a few 15-minute sessions costing $50-$400. It provides a drug-free option but does not address psychological addiction and success is not guaranteed. For best results after laser treatment, lifestyle changes like a healthy diet with antioxidants and cleansing foods and drinks are recommended.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on tobacco cessation. It discusses the large number of tobacco users in India and the health impacts of tobacco use. It outlines regulatory, service-based, and educational approaches to tobacco control and the role of dentists in counseling patients. The 5 A's model for tobacco cessation counseling is described. Nicotine replacement therapies and other pharmacological aids are discussed. The presentation emphasizes the importance of dentists' involvement in tobacco control through counseling, advocacy, and community education efforts.
This document discusses the health effects of smoking and provides information on smoking cessation. Some key points:
1) Smoking significantly increases the risk of developing respiratory diseases and cancer, and over half of respiratory disease deaths are due to smoking. The risks diminish rapidly after quitting.
2) Nicotine replacement therapies like patches, gum, and lozenges can help reduce withdrawal symptoms and increase success rates for quitting. Bupropion is also used as a non-nicotine oral therapy.
3) Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) like e-cigarettes are increasingly popular but their long-term safety is still unknown. While they may contain fewer toxicants than cigarettes, health risks may
- Marijuana can be addictive, with some frequent, heavy users developing tolerance and experiencing withdrawal symptoms like irritability and sleeplessness when trying to quit.
- Long-term marijuana abuse can lead to addiction and negatively impact social functioning and intellectual ability due to effects on learning and memory that persist after the drug wears off.
- While most teens do not use marijuana, current rates of teen use are around one in six for 10th graders and fewer than one in five for high school seniors.
Welcome to Biotherapy Clinic, where you will find many treatment centers under one roof.Biotherapy Clinic, combine the wisdom of traditional folk medicine, ancient Eastern medicine, American and European naturopathy.
Public pressure from telling others about your goal and regularly updating them can help motivate you to quit smoking. Using positive pressure like posting updates online or writing a column keeps things upbeat. It's also important to enjoy activities like exercise by finding things you like and using rewards you find pleasurable when meeting smoking reduction goals. Motivation requires daily effort through techniques like these to help you attain your stop smoking desire.
This document summarizes several biological, learning, and cognitive models of smoking addiction. The biological models focus on genetic factors that influence susceptibility to initiation and maintenance of smoking through dopamine regulation and nicotine dependency. Learning models emphasize social learning and conditioning processes like classical conditioning of cues and operant conditioning of withdrawal symptoms that promote maintenance and relapse. Cognitive models suggest positive expectations of smoking's effects on mood influence initiation, and these expectations become reinforced through actual drug effects.
Quitting smoking: 10 ways to resist tobacco cravingswidojd
For most tobacco users, tobacco cravings or urges to smoke can
be powerful. But you're not at the mercy of these cravings.
When an urge to use tobacco strikes, remember that although it
may be intense, it will probably pass within five to 10 minutes
whether or not you smoke a cigarette or take a dip of chewing
tobacco. Each time you resist a tobacco craving, you're one step
closer to stopping tobacco use for good.
This document summarizes the psychology of motivation and how it relates to helping smokers quit. It defines motivation as brain processes that direct behavior, including impulses, desires, evaluations, and plans. Motivation to smoke comes from cue-driven impulses and enjoyment, while motivation to quit stems from health concerns, cost, and family worries. Desire and intention strongly predict quit attempts, whereas a sense of duty does not. Physician advice offering help is the most impactful trigger for quitting. However, few smokers receive effective advice, so online training could boost these skills.
How to relieve stress after smoking cessationJane Allen
Quitting smoking is stressful due to nicotine withdrawal and changes to the body. However, research shows quitting reduces stress levels over time. The document recommends five ways for smokers to relieve stress when quitting: exercising, getting social support, taking up a hobby, pampering oneself, and practicing deep breathing. These can help distract from cravings and free the lungs while the body adjusts to not having nicotine.
Ways to Stop Smoking discusses various methods to quit smoking including going "cold turkey" without treatment, nicotine replacement therapy using gum, patches, and other nicotine delivery methods, electronic cigarettes, psychology-based approaches like education and group therapy, and hypnosis. Smoking is highly dangerous and the leading cause of preventable death, so finding an effective method to quit is important for health and longevity.
This document provides information on how to stop smoking. It begins by outlining the health risks of smoking, including increased risk of various cancers, heart disease, and premature death. It then discusses why smoking is difficult to quit, explaining that nicotine is highly addictive and smoking provides both physiological and psychological rewards. The document advocates developing a detailed plan to quit smoking and discusses strategies for coping with triggers and cravings after quitting. It emphasizes that the health risks of smoking decline rapidly after stopping.
This document provides information on how to stop smoking. It begins by outlining the health risks of smoking, including increased risk of various cancers, heart disease, and premature death. It then discusses why smoking is difficult to quit, explaining that nicotine is highly addictive and smoking provides both physiological and psychological rewards. The document advocates developing a detailed plan to quit smoking and discusses strategies for coping with triggers and cravings after quitting. It emphasizes that the health risks of smoking decline rapidly after stopping.
This document provides information on how to stop smoking. It begins by outlining the health risks of smoking, including increased risk of various cancers, heart disease, and premature death. It then discusses why smoking is difficult to quit, explaining that nicotine is highly addictive and smoking provides both physiological and psychological rewards. The document advocates developing a detailed plan to quit smoking and notes that the health benefits of quitting can be realized relatively quickly, such as reduced blood pressure and carbon monoxide levels within days of stopping. It concludes by emphasizing the many benefits of quitting smoking for one's health, finances, and independence.
This document provides information on how to stop smoking. It begins by outlining the health risks of smoking, including increased risk of various cancers, heart disease, and premature death. It then discusses why smoking is difficult to quit, explaining that nicotine is highly addictive and smoking provides both physiological and psychological rewards. The document advocates developing a detailed plan to quit smoking and notes that the health benefits of quitting can be realized relatively quickly, such as reduced blood pressure and carbon monoxide levels within days of stopping. It concludes by emphasizing the many benefits of quitting smoking for one's health, finances, and independence.
This document provides information on how to stop smoking. It begins by outlining the health risks of smoking, including increased risk of various cancers, heart disease, and premature death. It then discusses why smoking is difficult to quit, explaining that nicotine is highly addictive and smoking provides both physiological and psychological rewards. The document advocates developing a detailed plan to quit smoking and discusses strategies for coping with triggers and cravings after quitting. It emphasizes that the health risks of smoking decline rapidly after stopping.
This document provides information on how to stop smoking. It begins by outlining the health risks of smoking, including increased risk of various cancers, heart disease, and premature death. It then discusses why smoking is difficult to quit, explaining that nicotine is highly addictive and smoking provides both physiological and psychological rewards. The document gives tips for developing a quit plan, including setting a quit date, removing smoking triggers from one's life, and using medications to ease withdrawal symptoms. It emphasizes that the health benefits of quitting can be realized quickly, with some risks reduced within just a few weeks or months of stopping smoking.
This document provides information on how to stop smoking. It begins by outlining the health risks of smoking, including increased risk of various cancers, heart disease, and premature death. It then discusses why smoking is difficult to quit, explaining that nicotine is highly addictive and smoking provides both physiological and psychological rewards. The document advocates developing a detailed plan to quit smoking and discusses strategies for coping with triggers and cravings after quitting. It emphasizes that the health risks of smoking decline rapidly after stopping.
This document provides information on how to stop smoking. It begins by outlining the health risks of smoking, including increased risk of various cancers, heart disease, and premature death. It then discusses why smoking is difficult to quit, explaining that nicotine is highly addictive and smoking provides both physiological and psychological rewards. The document advocates developing a detailed plan to quit smoking and discusses strategies for coping with triggers and cravings after quitting. It emphasizes that the health risks of smoking decline rapidly after stopping.
This document provides information on how to stop smoking. It begins by outlining the health risks of smoking, including increased risk of various cancers, heart disease, and premature death. It then discusses why smoking is difficult to quit, explaining that nicotine is highly addictive and smoking provides both physiological and psychological rewards. The document advocates developing a detailed plan to quit smoking and notes that the health benefits of quitting can be realized relatively quickly, such as reduced blood pressure and carbon monoxide levels within days of stopping. It concludes by emphasizing the many benefits of quitting smoking for one's health, finances, and independence.
The document provides information on why quitting smoking is difficult and important for one's health. It discusses how nicotine is highly addictive, both physically and psychologically, causing withdrawal symptoms when trying to quit. It outlines numerous health risks of smoking, including various cancers, lung and heart diseases, premature wrinkling and impotence. Finally, it notes that quitting at any age can significantly improve one's length and quality of life.
This document provides information to help smokers quit smoking. It discusses how nicotine is highly addictive physically and mentally. Withdrawal symptoms can occur when quitting due to nicotine addiction and can include cravings, irritability and sleep issues. However, health benefits are seen quickly, such as improved lung function within weeks. Long term benefits include greatly reduced cancer and heart disease risks after 10-15 years of not smoking. Quitting can add years to one's life and improve health. Support is available to address both the physical and mental parts of nicotine addiction.
Are you ready to break free from the shackles of smoking and embrace a healthier, smoke-free life? "Quit Smoking Revolution: Life-Changing Strategies!" is your comprehensive guide to kicking the habit for good.
Written by a professional therapist, this eBook offers a unique blend of expert insights and practical advice to help you overcome nicotine addiction. Inside, you'll discover a roadmap to quitting that's tailored to your needs, backed by proven strategies to manage cravings, cope with triggers, and handle emotional challenges.
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This document is a project report on factors influencing cigarette smoking habits among college students. It includes an abstract summarizing the purpose of studying cigarette smoking behaviors and risks. The introduction defines smoking and discusses its negative health impacts. The literature review examines previous research on correlations between smoking and factors like risk perception, peer behavior, and other risky behaviors. The methodology section describes distributing a questionnaire to students at MNNIT Allahabad to study their smoking patterns. The analysis finds relationships between smoking, peer smoking, alcohol use, and stress levels. The conclusion recommends reducing smoking's negative consequences and increasing awareness of smoking risks and addiction.
Smoking causes numerous health risks and is highly addictive. Once someone becomes a smoker, they face increased risks of cancer, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular disease, fertility issues, and more. Symptoms of smoking include coughing, shortness of breath, fatigue, and poor circulation. Quitting smoking is difficult due to withdrawal symptoms like cravings, but medical help and social support can aid in successfully quitting for good.
The document discusses addiction from multiple perspectives. It defines key features of addiction like loss of control, withdrawal symptoms, and tolerance. It explains how nicotine causes addiction in the brain and smoking cessation methods like nicotine replacement therapy and behavioral support. While food consumption can show addictive-like behaviors for some, whether obesity is truly an addiction at a population level is still controversial.
The document discusses the harmful effects of tobacco use and nicotine addiction. It states that tobacco kills over 440,000 Americans each year and that smoking causes numerous diseases that harm nearly every organ in the body. Nicotine is highly addictive and causes changes in the brain's reward pathways that compel continued tobacco use and make quitting difficult. Other chemicals in tobacco smoke, like acetaldehyde, may also contribute to addiction. The document outlines the medical risks of tobacco use including various cancers, lung and heart disease, and negative effects on pregnancy and fetal development. It emphasizes that there are no safe forms of tobacco and that nicotine replacement therapies are safer options for treating addiction.
Smoking cessation: Why Change Is Hard and What Helps To Make It Possible(mostly) TRUE THINGS
The power point is part of a workplace smoking cessation program designed by Lifestage, Inc., which educates participants about the process of change, the neuroscience of addiction, and ways to ease the difficulties involved with change.
This document discusses some perceived benefits of smoking. It claims that smoking can relieve stress by creating conditions that help the body deal with anxiety. It also notes that the act of smoking involves deep breathing that slows the heart rate and relieves muscle tension. Additionally, it suggests that taking smoke breaks outside can provide a respite from stressful environments and situations. Finally, it states that nicotine has anxiety-reducing and antidepressant effects in the brain.
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)MuskanShingari
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and SynonymsPlanet Ayurveda
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.Gokuldas Hospital
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s PerspectiveGolden Helix
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
Debunking Nutrition Myths: Separating Fact from Fiction"AlexandraDiaz101
In a world overflowing with diet trends and conflicting nutrition advice, it’s easy to get lost in misinformation. This article cuts through the noise to debunk common nutrition myths that may be sabotaging your health goals. From the truth about carbohydrates and fats to the real effects of sugar and artificial sweeteners, we break down what science actually says. Equip yourself with knowledge to make informed decisions about your diet, and learn how to navigate the complexities of modern nutrition with confidence. Say goodbye to food confusion and hello to a healthier you!
Nutritional deficiency Disorder are problems in india.
It is very important to learn about Indian child's nutritional parameters as well the Disease related to alteration in their Nutrition.
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7shruti jagirdar
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
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Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
1. That Cigarette You Smoke to Relieve Stress May Be Causing the Stress <br /> <br />Studies Show Tobacco Use Does Not Alleviate Stress But Actually Increases It <br />Washington - If you smoke to reduce stress, you are only adding to your stress, according to a new review of psychological studies in the October issue of the American Psychological Association's American Psychologist. Psychologist Andy Parrott, Ph.D., of the University of East London says the evidence shows that the apparent relaxant effect of smoking only reflects the reversal of the tension and irritability that develop during nicotine depletion. Far from acting as an aid for mood control, nicotine dependency seems to increase stress. <br />Professor Parrott reviewed studies on the smoking/stress relationship, first in adult smokers, then in novice adolescent smokers and lastly during smoking cessation. For adult smokers, the research shows that the positive mood changes experienced during smoking may only reflect the reversal of unpleasant abstinence effects. quot;
Regular smokers, therefore, experience periods of heightened stress between cigarettes, and smoking briefly restores their stress levels to normal,quot;
said Professor Parrott. quot;
However, soon they need another cigarette to forestall abstinence symptoms from developing again. The repeated occurrence of negative moods between cigarettes means that smokers tend to experience slightly above-average levels of daily stress. Thus, nicotine dependency seems to be a direct cause of stress.quot;
<br />Turning to smoking initiation and stress during adolescence, Professor Parrott says the evidence shows that novice smokers report increasing stress as they develop regular patterns of smoking. A study of Canadian school children found that regular and heavy smokers reported significantly higher stress than did non-smokers. In a study of American adolescents, the teenagers were asked about their smoking behavior and feeling states over the previous two years. The findings indicated there was an increase in affective distress as the adolescents moved from experimental to more regular smoking. <br />And reviewing the evidence surrounding smoking cessation and stress, Professor Parrott says studies show that quitting smoking reduces stress. In a review of cross-sectional studies, the U.S. Surgeon General concluded that former smokers were found to be less stressed than current smokers in some studies, whereas in other studies the two groups did not differ significantly. However, not a single study found former smokers to be more stressed than current smokers. <br />So why do smokers feel stressed without nicotine? Professor Parrott says there seems to be two possible answers. First, smokers may be more neurotic. A number of studies have found above-average neuroticism scores in adult smokers compared with nonsmokers, although some studies have failed to confirm this. The second answer is that stress may be caused by nicotine dependency. quot;
The regular smoker needs nicotine to maintain normal moods and suffers from unpleasant feelings of irritability and tension between cigarettes, when his or her plasma nicotine levels are falling,quot;
explains Professor Parrott. quot;
Smokers also learn that regular smoking prevents abstinence symptoms from developing. Thus, the link between regular smoke intake and keeping moods within normal bounds becomes strongly conditioned over time.quot;
<br />Professor Parrott says that the message that tobacco use does not alleviate stress but actually increases it needs to be far more widely known. He says this may help many adults to stop smoking, keep former smokers who have recently quit from relapsing and help more young people withstand the social pressures to try cigarettes. <br />Article: quot;
Does Cigarette Smoking Cause Stress?quot;
Andy C. Parrott, Ph.D., University of East London, American Psychologist, Vol. 54, No. 10. <br />Full text of the article is available from the APA Public Affairs Office or at http://www.apa.org/journals/amp.html. <br />The American Psychological Association (APA), in Washington, DC, is the largest scientific and professional organization representing psychology in the United States and is the world's largest association of psychologists. APA's membership includes more than 159,000 researchers, educators, clinicians, consultants and students. Through its divisions in 52 subfields of psychology and affiliations with 59 state, territorial and Canadian provincial associations, APA works to advance psychology as a science, as a profession and as a means of promoting human welfare.<br />EFFECT OF SMOKING<br />Smokers can give an endless list of excuses for smoking. For instance, some smokers sat that they get energy from smoking; some say they look smart, when they smoke; some say that they are able to maintain their figure because of smoking; some say that, as they are lonely and sad, they are smoking and some smoke to celebrate.<br />Smoking often seems like one of the best ways of handling stressful situations. For example, when you smoke, you may physically remove yourself from a stressful situation by going into another room or even outside the home or office.<br />Then, after you light up, you inhale deeply to smoke the cigarette, which relaxes you because these puffs are very similar to the type of breathing done during effective relaxation techniques.<br />Then, nicotine reaches your brain where it acts like a relaxation chemical. Remember, smoking can be both relaxing and stimulating. Deeply inhaled puffs relax you because they deliver large doses of nicotine that stimulate the release of relaxing chemicals in the brain.<br />Short, quick puffs are stimulating because, the current theory goes, the smaller amounts of nicotine cause brain cells to release other, more stimulating chemicals. Smoking is also commonly used to combat feelings of anxiety and nervousness.<br />The nicotine in your cigarettes is so powerful that it can actually regulate your moods. It’s like a fast-acting medication that can be used to instantly treat anxiety and nervousness. Once the nicotine reaches your brain, it causes chemical reactions that make you feel less anxious or nervous.<br />This list of excuses for smoking never ends. There are some exceptional cases also. Such as, after quitting smoking, a woman was suffering from chest pain. Again when she started smoking again, her chest pain was cured.<br />Does smoking help stress?<br />Many people think that smoking cigarettes helps to calm them down. Nicotine is a stimulant and acts as a 'pick-me-up'. It releases chemicals in your brain, called neurotransmitters, and it's thought that these improve your mood and make you feel better.<br />However, these feelings usually only last for a short period of time because withdrawal from nicotine gradually makes you feel worse and your good mood is only restored when the craving is satisfied with another cigarette.<br />Smoking can increase anxiety<br />Smoking increases stress levels due to the constant need to top up nicotine levels. The problems with using smoking to cope with stress include:<br />relief is only temporary - stress will return and you'll soon need to smoke another cigarette, <br />smoking does not solve your problems - it only hides them. The cause of the problem remains, and <br />smoking actually causes more stress than it relieves - scientific studies show that after giving up, stress levels decrease. <br />Your anxiety may be increased if you're worrying about trying to give up smoking. You may feel irritable and stressed when you quit smoking, but it's important to remember that this is a sign that your body is repairing itself from the effects of nicotine.<br />If smoking was your main way of coping with stress, after quitting you'll need to find new, better ways of stress relief. Exercise, reading and relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing exercises, are good alternatives and will help you to take your mind off a stressful situation and improve your mood.<br />Helping you to quit<br />If you're finding the cravings difficult to resist, the NHS offers a number of Stop Smoking services to help you quit. The support you need is available from a range of locally based services that are provided for free by the NHS. Depending on what suits you, the Stop Smoking campaign runs one-to-one and group sessions to help you through the process of quitting. <br />The first couple of weeks are spent planning and preparing to give up smoking, before you actually quit. Specially trained advisers will tell you about the treatments available to help you beat the cravings, such as nicotine patches, and gum. They'll also help you to get this medication on prescription. <br />For more information about the NHS Stop Smoking services, you can call 0800 022 4 332, or visit the NHS Smokefree website. See the 'further information' section for details.<br />Tenager smoke<br />Teenagers should not smoke because smoking is the most preventable cause of death in America today, especially among teenage smokers. Cigarette smoking is the major cause of lung cancer. It is also responsible for chronic bronchitis. Last, there is emphysema, which is another disease caused by smoking. By smoking, people have a fivefold increase in the risk of dying from lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Lung cancer accounts for 29 percent of all cancer deaths in the United States and smoking accounts for about 87 percent of lung cancer deaths. The risks of dying from lung cancer are 23 times higher for male smokers and 11 times higher for female smokers than for non-smokers<br />Definition<br />Smoking is the inhalation of the smoke of burning tobacco encased in cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. Casual smoking is the act of smoking only occasionally, usually in a social situation or to relieve stress. A smoking habit is a physical addiction to tobacco products. Many health experts now regard habitual smoking as a psychological addiction, too, and one with serious health consequences.<br />Description<br />The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has asserted that cigarettes and smokeless tobacco should be considered nicotine delivery devices. Nicotine, the active ingredient in tobacco, is inhaled into the lungs, where most of it stays. The rest passes into the bloodstream, reaching the brain in about 10 seconds and dispersing throughout the body in about 20 seconds.<br />Depending on the circumstances and the amount consumed, nicotine can act as either a stimulant or tranquilizer. This can explain why some people report that smoking gives them energy and stimulates their mental activity, while others note that smoking relieves anxiety and relaxes them. The initial quot;
kickquot;
results in part from the drug's stimulation of the adrenal glands and resulting release of epinephrine into the blood. Epinephrine causes several physiological changes—it temporarily narrows the arteries, raises the blood pressure, raises the levels of fat in the blood, and increases the heart rate and flow of blood from the heart. Some researchers think epinephrine contributes to smokers' increased risk of high blood pressure.<br />Nicotine, by itself, increases the risk of heart disease. However, when a person smokes, he or she is ingesting a lot more than nicotine. Smoke from a cigarette, pipe, or cigar is made up of many additional toxic chemicals, including tar and carbon monoxide. Tar is a sticky substance that forms into deposits in the lungs, causing lung cancer and respiratory distress. Carbon monoxide limits the amount of oxygen that the red blood cells can convey throughout your body. Also, it may damage the inner walls of the arteries, which allows fat to build up in them.<br />Besides tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide, tobacco smoke contains 4,000 different chemicals. More than 200 of these chemicals are known be toxic. Nonsmokers who are exposed to tobacco smoke also take in these toxic chemicals. They inhale the smoke exhaled by the smoker as well as the more toxic sidestream smoke—the smoke from the end of the burning cigarette, cigar, or pipe.<br />Here's why sidestream smoke is more toxic than exhaled smoke: When a person smokes, the smoke he or she inhales and then breathes out leaves harmful deposits inside the body. But because lungs partially cleanse the smoke, exhaled smoke contains fewer poisonous chemicals. That's why exposure to tobacco smoke is dangerous even for a nonsmoker.<br />— Barbara <br />