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Essay On India In World War 1
India has played a major part in World War One in the aiding of Great Britain in the war to end all
wars. India saw World War One as an opportunity to gain their own self
–government and also be able
to give Britain more firepower due to India's great amount of soldiers. Throughout the course of
the war, many countries were beginning to see how much of a contributor India really was. I total
of 1.5 million Indian soldiers or volunteers served under the name of Great Britain. This amount of
soldiers and contribution gave the people a reason to believe that they will be able to get their own
self–government and freedoms from Britain. However, this does not come to be true and their social
status with Britain dramatically decreased. Edwin...show more content...
This might sound good in some cases for India; however, Britain's main enemy, Germany, were in
the works of creating an Anti–British movement that would be able to throw off the British
government. Critic and author William Archer explains how this attempt to create rebellion
within would make the nation of India "burst into a blaze of rebellion" and ultimately draw India
completely against Britain. A key factor for Indian economic growth was the ability to trade with
other countries. Throughout WW1, India was a flourishing empire in business and economics,
and were able to bring in mass quantities of goods to support their country. However, due to their
increased support and spending towards Britain, they began coming into more competition with
Britain based goods. Before the war, India's sole trading partners consisted of those in the Central
Powers and they were able to obtain a surplus of 6.2 million dollars, but by the next year, they
were in debt of almost 14 million dollars, which completely broke their economy down. Selling
and making goods for trade also decreased and made millions out of work. Britain began restricting
more laws on civil liberties which made the Indian people call for a strike and the man who led the
strike was Mahatma Gandhi who urged Indians to leave British–run schools, boycott law courts, quit
colonial jobs, and refuse to buy clothing. This strike created a sinister relationship with
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Essay On Indian Historiography
How the Indian historiography has evolved from precolonial to post–colonial period?
Over the three millenniums, India has developed opulent and complex layers of culture, since
geographically India lies at crossroads of trading routes. From ancient times, people from diverse
background and ethnicity came into India as traders and invaders via land as well as sea routes.
They settled down here and, over the time, India assimilated them in its cultural and social mosaic.
Also, India remained a home of host of empires and kingdoms with each having a peculiar history.
Pre–colonial empires and kingships had history but it would be told orally and would occasionally
be chronicled. It were the Europeans particularly the British armed with documentation and
statistical knowledge who introduced a systematic chronology of the Indian history upon seizing
India. The modern Indian historiography was...show more content...
. As Jalal and Bose have argued that "the cracking and crumbling of the modern nation–state system,
the disintegration of the socialist alternative, the disillusionment with the false promises of
capitalism, and the resurgence of redefined social identities thought to have been obliterated by the
steam–roller of modernization have all rendered interpretations of the modern era in South Asian and
world history much more complex. Recent themes in South Asian historiography have been the role
of intermediate social groups in the construction of the British raj and that of 'subaltern' social groups
in anti–colonial resistance; the part played by the colonial state in the reinvention of communal and
caste categories; the refashioning of social relations of class by the linking of Indian economic
regions to wider capitalist systems; and the impact of the interplay between national, communal and
regional levels of politics on the process of
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Short Essay on History of India
SHORT ESSAY ON HISTORY OF INDIA
India has frequently been subjected to horrors of famine. From 1858 to the end of the 19th century,
more than twenty famines occurred in India.
A major characteristic of British rule in India, and the net result of British economic policies, was
the prevalence of extreme poverty among its people. While historian disagree on the question
whether India was getting poorer or not under British rule, there is no disagreement on the fact that
throughout the period of British rule most Indians always lived on the verge of starvation.
British economic exploitation, the decay of indigenous industries, the failure of modern industries to
replace them, high taxation, the drain of wealth to Britain and a...show more content...
The settlement and the Ryotwari system were not made permanent. It was revised periodically after
20 to 30 years when the revenue demand was usually raised.
The Ryotwari system protected neither the rights of the cultivators ner put them to any financial
gain. The system could not introduce peasant ownership. The state remained the owner of the land.
The cultivator had to pay regular revenue otherwise they could be dispossessed of their lands any
time. The demand for revenue by the government remained very high. Besides, it had the right to
enhance the revenue as it pleased. The cultivators were, thus, not sure of greater advantage for their
better producing.
The purpose of the Ryotwari System was to save the cultivators from the oppression of the
zamindars. Though they were no more on the mercy of the zamindars but the system did not satisfy
the aspirations of the peasantry. In fact, it caused widespread oppression and agricultural distress.
The large number of zamindars had been replaced by one giant zamindar – the state, which only
knew to squeeze as much from the peasant as possible. This did not bring into existence a system of
peasant ownership. Later the government openly claimed that land revenue was a rent and not a tax.
The ryot's lights of ownership of his land were also negated by three other factors: (i) in most areas
the land revenue fixed was exorbitant;
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India A Developing Country
India is a developing country. The factors hindering development of the country are many. Some of
them can be attributed to the low per capita income and larger chunk of the population living under
the poverty line. India is a country with poor people but with rich natural resources. It can be said
that the country's potential is either the human resource or the natural resources are not adequately
utilized to the maximum extent and that resulted in low per capita income. India is an agrarian
economy. The economy is marred with unemployment and under employment. Since the economy is
basically agrarian, disguised unemployment is also rampant among the farmer community. Apart
from the reasons mentioned, the money market as well as capital market witnessed the presence of
private moneylenders, landlords etc. They have acted as bankers for centuries and have amassed
major wealth from people of India that adversely affected capital formation. The need for a better
financial institution and credit infrastructure was thus felt necessary by the planning commission
when the five–year plans were initiated. An efficient banking system and well functioning capital
market, capable of mobilizing the savings &channeling them to productive uses, are essential if the
efforts at economic restructuring are to succeed. While both the banking systems and capital markets
have shown impressive growth in the volume of operations. Unless major reforms were initiated it
was difficult to
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Essay on It Industry In India
IT industry in India
During the past decade, the Indian IT industry has been experiencing a dramatic growth. It grew
from Rs.4.7 billion in 1991 to Rs.755.47 billion in 2003, accounting for nearly 3% of the GDP.
The revenues generated from software exports reached $10.4 billion for the financial year 2003
with a 30% growth over the previous year. The main factors which contributed to the success story
of the Indian IT industry are:
–Support from the government in the form of industrial parks, which enjoy various incentives and
tax benefits.
–Liberal export import policy.
–Strict quality policies adopted by the IT industry in terms of reliability, stability and maintainability
by adhering to the standards laid down by the ISO...show more content...
The Indian IT Industry has grown from a mere USD 150 million in 1990–91 to USD 50 billion in
2006–07 with annual growth rates of nearly 30% in the last 10 years. [1] [2]
The growth of the Indian economy is mainly owed to the IT sector and the liberalised government
policy of reduction in telecommunication cost and import duties on hardware and software. [3]
Apart from the Multinationals like IBM, HP setting up shop in India for cost advantages and cheap
labour, this industry has seen growth of successful Indian companies like TCS, Infosys, Wipro, HCL,
Patni etc. The industry's contribution to GDP has significantly grown from 1.2% in 1999–2000 to
4.8% in 2005–2006[4]
Growth phase
With a CAGR of over 50% between 1992 and 2002, the Indian software sector has expanded twice as
quickly as the American software sector[5]
There are many economic and political factors that is expected to have contributed to the growth of
the Indian IT industry. In 1968 the Tatas conglomerate set up the Indian software services firmTata
Consultancy Services. Later, in 1970 IBM had to exit India due to high import duties. In 1991, due
to a balance of payments crisis the government liberalized the economy. In 1994 the telecom sector
was liberalized that led to the growth of the industry and increased competitiveness.[6]
The Y2K problem is said to be
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Essay On Nationalism In India
"Let us always remember that we are all children of our mother country. Indeed, I have never
worked in any other spirit than that I am an Indian and owe a duty to my country and to all my
countrymen. Whether I am a Hindu, a Mohammedan, a Christian, a Parsi or any other creed, I am
above all an Indian. Our country is India; our nationality is Indian." –Dadabhai Naoroji
INTRODUCTION:
Nationalism is an ideology that "proclaims the distinctiveness of a particular people and their right to
self rule in their homeland." It constitutes a system of ideas mostly demanding rights of self
determination. Nationalism was an emerging concept in India with the advent of imperialism and
the increasing discontent in the public. Nationalism in India was considered as a movement that
would voice out the issues and the interests of the Indian masses. At this point of...show more
content...
In the administration system, most of the positions were held by the British officials and Indians
were given subordinate positions. Analysing the situation, Dadabhai came up with policies for
development or betterment of which the first one was by encouraging the employment of Indians
in the field of administration both in public as well as private companies. The idea behind this
policy could be that by Indianising administration the wealth and wisdom can rise and can be
maintained. He also mentioned that the government now needs to reduce its expenditure and
Naoroji knew the fact that most of these expense was for the military which was not serving India
but Britain at the expense borne by India. This also leads to pointing on to the taxation policy of
the British. Tax payment set for India was really high. In Britain it was 8% whereas in India it was
15% and it was difficult for the rural population to pay a huge
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Essay on India—an Emerging Power in the World
Essay on India–an Emerging Power in the World Rare are the moments in history when a nation
suddenly captures the imagination of the world. For India, those rare moments have arrived. The
country is achieving a high economic growth of over 8 per cent of its GDP annually, on a consistent
basis. In fact, India's economic growth rate is second highest in the world–next only to China. The
developed world has been left behind. The two Asian giants–India and China have today turned the
leaders of growth of the global economy. One can get the measure of India's resurgent economy
from the fact that the world GDP growth is around 4 per cent. For advanced countries, the growth
rate is around 3.5 per cent, while India is maintaining its GDP growth...show more content...
Our exports have almost doubled during the last four years. The foreign exchange reserves have
crossed US $ 200 billion which have given India a great financial strength. Our rupee has become
very strong against the other international currencies– notably dollar, pound and euro. However,
there is poverty amidst plenty in many areas. Millions people live in poverty and destitution.
They do not have even the basic amenities of life, viz. food, clothing and shelter. This is because
of the large size of our population, illiteracy, poor public distribution system and corruption. But,
things are improving fast in India. Centuries of exploitative rule by the British had drained India
of its wealth. After achieving independence, the country had a great task of rebuilding the basic
infrastructure, spread education and bring new technology. The planned growth put the country
back on track. Today, the literacy rate has improved to over 75 per cent, the per capita income has
crossed Rs 25,000, health care facilities are available in every part of the country, and employment
opportunities are growing. The large size of the population is actually a great source which can
lead the country to dizzy heights. Nearly fifty per cent of our population is young which means a
great working potential, which, if properly utilized can increase production and eradicate poverty.
India is the biggest democracy in the world. The governments at the centre as well as at the states
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Essay On Indian English Literature
Introduction to Indian writing in English, inclusive of fiction: Indian English Literature is defined as
the contribution of Indian writers to the Literature in English. With the consolidation of the British
power in India, English, the language of rulers also began to exercise its influence on the
intellectuals of the country. To the educated people, English language is a gateway to western
knowledge. English provided a window for the Indian intellectuals to have a look at the wide world.
Indian English Literature is a literature which is a combination of Indian literature and Indian
literature written in English. Indian writings in English are a product of the historical encounter
between the two cultures – Indian and the western–for...show more content...
The first book with a title Travels of Dean Mahornet was written in English by Sake Dean Mahomet.
It was published in 1793 in England. After publication of this book the English Parliament felt to
rectify and equalize some of the materialistic of the East India Com servants. The England
Parliament had approved the Charter Act. It made England responsible for the educational
betterment of the natives. The English Education Act was prompted by Thomas Babington
Macaulay's ill–famed "minute" on Indian education. It made English the medium of Indian
education system and English literature a disciplinary subject in Indian educational institutions.
Indian English Literature has matured from a sapling to a firmly rooted tree that blooms with its
entirety still awaiting its yet–to–come metamorphosis. Indians took countless events and spotlight
notable personalities to bring Indian writing in English to its contemporary fame. Indian literature in
English and its transformation had happened in company with the consolidation of British
imperialism in India. The critics come to the agreement that Indian English literature dates back to at
least the early 19th century. In its early stages, the narration was influenced by the Western art form
of the "novel". Early Indian writers made English by Indian words to communicate an experience
and understanding which was fundamentally and in essence of Indian. In the beginning acceptance
of English language and literature by upper–class Indians. First, there were the educational reforms
called forth by both the Charter Act of 1813 and the 1835 English Education Act of William
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Essay on Geography of India
I would like to present to you the country of India. A country one–third the area of the United States
(total land mass is 2,973,190 sq. kilometers) borders China on the northeast, Pakistan on the west,
Nepal and Blutan to the north, and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. It is divided into three
categorical geographic regions: the Gangetic Plain, the plateau region in the south, the Himalayan
region in the north, which contains some of the highest mountains in the world and a central part.
India has a population of 1,027,015,247 than speaks a whopping seventeen different languages. India
has several religions but six major religions are Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Sikhism,
and Jinism....show more content...
An estimated 750 million people live on the areas around the Himalaya rivers, which includes
Bangladesh. Vegetation across the range varies with climate and altitude. The lower regions show a
forest that contains shrubery, plants, and trees that tend to fall off due to winter seasons. In the
higher region of the Himalaya's lies a vegetation area that consisted of temperate forests, conifers,
and tundra. The Himalaya's are topped off with the snow–line in which whatever lies above is
covered in snow year round. Also on the eastern side evergreen rainforests can be sighted. The
Himalaya's have a profound impact on the climate especially to the Tibetan plateau and Indian
subcontinent. It prevents "frigid, dry Arctic winds from blowing south into the subcontinent, which
keeps South Asia much warmer than corresponding temperate regions in the other continents. It also
forms a barrier for the monsoon winds, keeping them from traveling northwards, and causing heavy
rainfall in the Terai region"(Himalaya). An example of the impact the mountain range gives to the
population is that is a natural barrier to the movement of people for a long time. It has prevented
people from China and Mongolia to meet those from the Indian subcontinent and "caused a
significant difference in languages and customs between these regions. The Himalaya has also
hindered trade routes and prevented military expeditions across its expanse"(Himalaya).
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Essay on India China Economic Growth
ESSAY ON CRITICALLY EVALUATE THE MAIN CATALYSTS TO GROWTH IN CHINA AND
INDIA.
India with about 1.2 million populations and china with about 1.3 billon population are two big
demographic and emerging countries in the world .Over a past few decade India’s
combination into the economic has been accompanied by remarkable economic growth (World Bank
2011¬).India is having the 3th position on the economy in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms
(The Economic Times, 2012). India’s total GDP (gross Domestic Product) growth was 5.5%
in 2012 and inflation rate is was .........(The Economist, 2012) .According to government of India
poverty has been decline from 37.2% in 2004 to 29.8% in 2010 (world bank 2011).The major
economic growth sectors...show more content...
China’s domestic savings went from around 23 per cent of GDP in 1960 to 43 per cent in
2002. Both countries open the door and increased their shares of trade (Chakrabarti,
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The Scenic Beauty Of India
Come and Experience the Sublime Tranquility in the Hill Stations near Delhi
People from all across the globe are fascinated by the scenic beauty of India. Here in our country,
various religions, traditions and cultures came into existence. The hill stations successfully uphold
century old culture and tradition that prospered years ago. India is completely dotted by
awe–inspiring hill stations starting from Jammu and Kashmir and moving onto Tamil Nadu which
encapsulates 20 mountainous ranges. There are several quiet gateways in India to choose from.
Since there are 20 mountainous ranges, it gets difficult to choose one particular hill station for the
tour.
The most adorable hillstation: Nainital
Based on Uttarakhand in Kumaon region, Nainital is the most charming hillstation that surrounds
Lake Naini, the volcanic lake. It is adored by millions of travelers all across the globe and so it is
addressed as the 'Lake District' of India. Whether you crave for a romantic gateway or want some
private moment at the lap of nature, Nainital is perfect. Enjoy boating, sightseeing activities,
eco–tourism here.
Shimla: the summer capital of British
Shimla is one of the offbeat destinations in India that was once called 'Summer Capital of British'. It
is now the capital of Himachal Pradesh and certainly a delight for the eyes. Shimla is highly
appreciated for its tremendous scenic beauty, eternal and ethnic culture. Being the architectural
paradise, Shimla flaunts many architectural
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Essay On Growth Of India
spirations of its young population. India is one of the youngest nations in the world where the ratio
of youth is higher in its population, with more than 54% of the entire population under 25 years of
age and over 62% of the population inside the working age group (15–59) in According to the census
2011India}. The country's population pyramid is anticipated to bulge across the 15–59 age groups
over the next decade. This demographic advantage is predicted to last only until 2040. A World
Bank report states that India is one of the few countries where working population continues to
grow till 2050 [7]. With an annual addition of 9.25 million jobs per year, over 37 million jobs are
expected to be created from 2012–13 through 2016–17 [8]....show more content...
There have been efforts on the part of the state and Centre government through Ministry of Rural
improvement to skill and train youths under diverse government schemes. However, most of those
schemes are restrained to the youths beneath Poverty Line (BPL). There should be equal
opportunities for all the people residing in rural areas. Every job aspirant should be given equal
importance and would be given training in soft skills to lead a proper and decent life. For the
Balanced growth in all the sectors the Goal of national policy and programs on skill improvement
have has to diversification of economic activities, minimizing the dependence of rural households on
agriculture and bringing approximately a sizable increase in the share in both output and
employment of allied activities, rural industries, business and provider components of the
agricultural economic system.
To bring about a fast and sustainable economic development thru diverse reforms, the rural
development initiatives should sharply cognizance on human's participation and rural corporations
as the key attributes for their success followed through equally important elements, idea of integrated
development, growth center technique, planning process technique, communication system to
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My Trip To India Essay
My trip to India was an astonishing experience, one that I will not forget ever. The country has lots
to offer in many different ways, some being culture, nature and culinary ventures to explore, but also
the poverty, pollution and begging going on down there.
In India, the variety in social life is amazing. There are diversities of ethnic, economic, religious,
class and cast groups all within the Indian society. The cast system has made Indians very obsessed
over rank and status. Social relations often start with measuring the person based on caste, ethnic
group or rank and how they are related to each other in a certain way according to the cast rules.
The country of India occupies the greater part of South Asia, and it is a constitutional republic
consisting of 29 states, each of these states have some degree of control over its own affairs. They
also have six less fully empowered union territories, and the Delhi...show more content...
Most of the people were walking om the roads to get by. The beach in Juhu Mumbai look really
pleasing and you would want to go take a dip if you saw it, but no one is allowed to swim there. You
would also maybe be scared away from the beach because of the bad smell.
I also went to Elephanta Island via boat which took about 45 minutes. On the island there were old
caves with interesting old statue carvings inside. The monkeys were really lame to deal with. Some
of the tourists had their packs of chips and crackers snatched from them by these monkeys, and they
jumped around like crazy which scared us. We didn't receive any warning about these monkeys.
Overall I would not recommend traveling to the most populated areas of India, however once you
get outside the cities things become much more pleasurable. There is not as much pollution there,
and you can actually walk to places where there are no people and experience the rich nature India
has to
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India 's Development And Growth Essay
Background: India is one of the most popular countries in the world. Geographically, India is
located at the south of the Asian continent. India's development and growth has been one of the
most significant accomplishments in recent times. India neighboring countries include Pakistan,
Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Bhutan. The size of the population in India is
1,266,883,598 and the Territorial size of the country is 3, 287, 263 sq. km (The World Factbook,
2016). The prime minister of India is known as Narendra Modi who is the leader of the majority
party in Lok Sabha and is currently the head of the Council of ministers in India. India's political
party that is in power right now is Bharatiya Janata Party. The Bharatiya Janata Party, was first
founded by Shyama Mukherjee in 1953 with the main purpose of safeguarding the Hindu interests
in India (The World Factbook, 2016). India is becoming more of an open market economy. While
most emerging nations were have struggled mightily against the strong U.S. dollar and falling
commodity prices, India continues to lead. The view for India's long–term growth is positive due to
the staggering young population and corresponding low dependency ratio (World Factbook, 2016).
For example healthy savings, investment rates, and increasing integration play a role in the global
economy. India being the 4th largest economy in the world, India has bought about a landmark
agricultural revolution that has changed the country
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The British Rule Of India Essay
Introduction: John Watts founded the British East India Company in the 1600s. Which use to
trade unique goods that couldn't be found in Britain. Some resources included gold/ mahogany
/curry/silk/ivory. While the British were in India they made a lot of money exporting these
goods. The British never saw India as a place to live more or a place to trade. A lot of British
people move to North America instead of India. The British rule lasted a long time nearly 200
years. They found that communication was poor and they didn't understand the languages or
customs of the Indian people. (British India). Also in 1857 the Sepoy Mutiny happened when
rebellion the British government took control of India from the East India Company. (Smith,
Frank) Motives: A reason the British want to colonize India was for trade. India has a lot of
natural resource that were unique at the time and only available from India. Some resources are
gold/mahogany/curry/silk/ivory. (Viswanathan, Balaji) Another reason they colonized India is that
France threaten to attack the East India Company. The East India Company was the British
company formed for trade with East and Southeast Asia and India. (East India Company) India was
also a strategic location because it had lots of resource and an already established trade route.
Methods: Originally the British did not want to take control of India. Instead in the early days they
had an indirect rule over India. They British made contracts with the leaders of
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Essay on Indian Music
Indian Music
The music of India is one of the oldest unspoken musical traditions in the world. The basis of for
Indian music is "sangeet." Sangeet is a combination of three art forms: vocal music, instrumental
music (Indian music). Indian music is base upon seven modes (scales). It is probably no coincidence
that Greek music is also base upon seven modes. Furthermore, the Indian scales follow the same
process of modulation (murchana) that was found in ancient Greek music. Since Greece is also
Indo–European, this is another piece of evidence for the Indo–European connection (Dance and
music of India).
The vocal tradition is especially strong in Indian music. It is understood that the song is probably the
most ancient form of...show more content...
It is linked to the Sanskrit word "ranj" which means, "to colour" (Indian music). Therefore, rag may
be thought of as an acoustic method of colouring the mind of the listener with an emotion. It is not a
tune, melody, scale, mode, or any concept for which an English word exists. It is instead a
combination of different characteristics. It is these characteristics, which define the rag. There must
be the notes of the rag. They are called the swar (Indian music). There must also be a modal
structure. This is called that in North Indian music and mela in carnatic music (Carnatic music).
There is also the jati. Jati is the number of notes used in the rag. There must also be the ascending
and descending structure. This is called arohana/avarohana. Another characteristic is that the various
notes do not have the same level of significance. Some are important and others less so. The
important notes are called vadi and samavadi (Indian music). There are often characteristic
movements to the rag. This is called either pakad (Indian music).
The Indian rhythm is known as tal. Tal means "clap". The tabla (Indian drum instrument) has
replaced the clap in the performance, but the term still reflects the origin. The basic concepts of tal
are tali, Khali,vibhag, matra, bol, theka, lay, sam, and avartan.
Tali are a pattern of clapping. In addition to the claps, there are also a number of
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Ancient India Essay
1.A monsoon is a recurrent wind in the South and Southeast Asia. Crops prospered and easy sea
travel was increased during the monsoon season.
2.Vedas were the most ancient Hindu texts, containing songs, philosophy, and ritual practices of the
priests in the Vedic religion. They are also a main source of information about the Vedic period.
3.There were four classes in the Indian society, all going under the category called varna. There four
major classes were called Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra. There were also the
Untouchables, which were people who dealt with dead animals and humans.
4.Many regional groups within each class of varna are named jati. Members of each jati could eat,
marry, and interact with others only in their jati.
5.One's karma in their past life would...show more content...
Southern Asia was inhabited by Dravidian–speaking kingdoms called the Tamil kingdoms. The three
kingdoms of Cholas, Pandyas, and Cheras existed in one way or another for two thousand years.
16.The Gupta Empire was largely based off of the Mauryan Empire, such as having similar tax rates
and a founder who modeled himself after the first Mauryan king.
17.A theater–state is a political state that gains power on the performance of drama and ritual.
18.In Southeast Asia, one early complex society was named Funan. This society flourished with a
rich rice–growing region and control over the passageway of trade in the Malaysian isthmus.
19.Jainism is a religion in which followers practiced extremely strict nonviolence. This included
wearing a mask in order to not swallow bugs, not participating in agriculture, and only eating what
was offered to them.
20.Large clay mounts representing life were called stupas. They also signified the relics of the
Buddha.
21.The ritual of sati was when a woman was to burn herself on her husband's funeral pyre after his
death. This kept women from remarrying and kept them "pure".
22.The Deccan is a dry, rocky plateau located in Northern
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India
INDIA'S PROGRESS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
A New Frontier
The tradition of science and technology (S&T) in India is over 5,000 years old. A renaissance was
witnessed in the first half of the 20th century. The S&T infrastructure has grown up from about Rs.
10 million at the time of independence in 1947 to Rs. 30 billion. Significant achievements have
been made in the areas of nuclear and space science, electronics and defence. The government is
committed to making S&T an integral part of the socio–economic development of the country.
| |
India has the third largest scientific and technical manpower in the world; 162 universities award
4,000 doctorates and 35,000 postgraduate degrees and the Council of Scientific and...show more
content...
The INSAT series ofsatellite launched earlier are performing well and provide vital services for
telecommunications, television, meteorology, disaster warning and distress detection. The latest
INSAT series include new features like Ku–band transponders and mobile satellite services
transponders.
The remote–sensing satellites, launched in 1988 and 1991, have already become the mainstay of the
natural resource management system of the country.
The projected launch of advanced remote sensing satellites will not only enhance the scope of their
application, but will also offer commercial service to other countries.
The Indian achievement in the application of space–based remote sensing technology has led a US
company to enter into an agreement for marketing the data from Indian satellites globally.
India's progress in space technology has attracted worldwide attention and demand, with leasing
agreements for marketing of IRS data and supply of space hardware and services. India also believes
in co–operation in space with agencies all over the world. A high–level UN team selected India for
setting up a UN Centre for Space Science and Technology Education. India is on the threshold of
achieving self–reliance in the launch capability. It will be a befitting tribute to the father of the
Indian space programme, Dr. Vikaram Sarabhai, whose 80th birth anniversary was observed in
August 1996.
Electronics
The Department of
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Essay On India

  • 1. Essay On India In World War 1 India has played a major part in World War One in the aiding of Great Britain in the war to end all wars. India saw World War One as an opportunity to gain their own self –government and also be able to give Britain more firepower due to India's great amount of soldiers. Throughout the course of the war, many countries were beginning to see how much of a contributor India really was. I total of 1.5 million Indian soldiers or volunteers served under the name of Great Britain. This amount of soldiers and contribution gave the people a reason to believe that they will be able to get their own self–government and freedoms from Britain. However, this does not come to be true and their social status with Britain dramatically decreased. Edwin...show more content... This might sound good in some cases for India; however, Britain's main enemy, Germany, were in the works of creating an Anti–British movement that would be able to throw off the British government. Critic and author William Archer explains how this attempt to create rebellion within would make the nation of India "burst into a blaze of rebellion" and ultimately draw India completely against Britain. A key factor for Indian economic growth was the ability to trade with other countries. Throughout WW1, India was a flourishing empire in business and economics, and were able to bring in mass quantities of goods to support their country. However, due to their increased support and spending towards Britain, they began coming into more competition with Britain based goods. Before the war, India's sole trading partners consisted of those in the Central Powers and they were able to obtain a surplus of 6.2 million dollars, but by the next year, they were in debt of almost 14 million dollars, which completely broke their economy down. Selling and making goods for trade also decreased and made millions out of work. Britain began restricting more laws on civil liberties which made the Indian people call for a strike and the man who led the strike was Mahatma Gandhi who urged Indians to leave British–run schools, boycott law courts, quit colonial jobs, and refuse to buy clothing. This strike created a sinister relationship with Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 2. Essay On Indian Historiography How the Indian historiography has evolved from precolonial to post–colonial period? Over the three millenniums, India has developed opulent and complex layers of culture, since geographically India lies at crossroads of trading routes. From ancient times, people from diverse background and ethnicity came into India as traders and invaders via land as well as sea routes. They settled down here and, over the time, India assimilated them in its cultural and social mosaic. Also, India remained a home of host of empires and kingdoms with each having a peculiar history. Pre–colonial empires and kingships had history but it would be told orally and would occasionally be chronicled. It were the Europeans particularly the British armed with documentation and statistical knowledge who introduced a systematic chronology of the Indian history upon seizing India. The modern Indian historiography was...show more content... . As Jalal and Bose have argued that "the cracking and crumbling of the modern nation–state system, the disintegration of the socialist alternative, the disillusionment with the false promises of capitalism, and the resurgence of redefined social identities thought to have been obliterated by the steam–roller of modernization have all rendered interpretations of the modern era in South Asian and world history much more complex. Recent themes in South Asian historiography have been the role of intermediate social groups in the construction of the British raj and that of 'subaltern' social groups in anti–colonial resistance; the part played by the colonial state in the reinvention of communal and caste categories; the refashioning of social relations of class by the linking of Indian economic regions to wider capitalist systems; and the impact of the interplay between national, communal and regional levels of politics on the process of Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 3. Short Essay on History of India SHORT ESSAY ON HISTORY OF INDIA India has frequently been subjected to horrors of famine. From 1858 to the end of the 19th century, more than twenty famines occurred in India. A major characteristic of British rule in India, and the net result of British economic policies, was the prevalence of extreme poverty among its people. While historian disagree on the question whether India was getting poorer or not under British rule, there is no disagreement on the fact that throughout the period of British rule most Indians always lived on the verge of starvation. British economic exploitation, the decay of indigenous industries, the failure of modern industries to replace them, high taxation, the drain of wealth to Britain and a...show more content... The settlement and the Ryotwari system were not made permanent. It was revised periodically after 20 to 30 years when the revenue demand was usually raised. The Ryotwari system protected neither the rights of the cultivators ner put them to any financial gain. The system could not introduce peasant ownership. The state remained the owner of the land. The cultivator had to pay regular revenue otherwise they could be dispossessed of their lands any time. The demand for revenue by the government remained very high. Besides, it had the right to enhance the revenue as it pleased. The cultivators were, thus, not sure of greater advantage for their better producing. The purpose of the Ryotwari System was to save the cultivators from the oppression of the zamindars. Though they were no more on the mercy of the zamindars but the system did not satisfy the aspirations of the peasantry. In fact, it caused widespread oppression and agricultural distress. The large number of zamindars had been replaced by one giant zamindar – the state, which only knew to squeeze as much from the peasant as possible. This did not bring into existence a system of peasant ownership. Later the government openly claimed that land revenue was a rent and not a tax. The ryot's lights of ownership of his land were also negated by three other factors: (i) in most areas the land revenue fixed was exorbitant; Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 4. India A Developing Country India is a developing country. The factors hindering development of the country are many. Some of them can be attributed to the low per capita income and larger chunk of the population living under the poverty line. India is a country with poor people but with rich natural resources. It can be said that the country's potential is either the human resource or the natural resources are not adequately utilized to the maximum extent and that resulted in low per capita income. India is an agrarian economy. The economy is marred with unemployment and under employment. Since the economy is basically agrarian, disguised unemployment is also rampant among the farmer community. Apart from the reasons mentioned, the money market as well as capital market witnessed the presence of private moneylenders, landlords etc. They have acted as bankers for centuries and have amassed major wealth from people of India that adversely affected capital formation. The need for a better financial institution and credit infrastructure was thus felt necessary by the planning commission when the five–year plans were initiated. An efficient banking system and well functioning capital market, capable of mobilizing the savings &channeling them to productive uses, are essential if the efforts at economic restructuring are to succeed. While both the banking systems and capital markets have shown impressive growth in the volume of operations. Unless major reforms were initiated it was difficult to Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 5. Essay on It Industry In India IT industry in India During the past decade, the Indian IT industry has been experiencing a dramatic growth. It grew from Rs.4.7 billion in 1991 to Rs.755.47 billion in 2003, accounting for nearly 3% of the GDP. The revenues generated from software exports reached $10.4 billion for the financial year 2003 with a 30% growth over the previous year. The main factors which contributed to the success story of the Indian IT industry are: –Support from the government in the form of industrial parks, which enjoy various incentives and tax benefits. –Liberal export import policy. –Strict quality policies adopted by the IT industry in terms of reliability, stability and maintainability by adhering to the standards laid down by the ISO...show more content... The Indian IT Industry has grown from a mere USD 150 million in 1990–91 to USD 50 billion in 2006–07 with annual growth rates of nearly 30% in the last 10 years. [1] [2] The growth of the Indian economy is mainly owed to the IT sector and the liberalised government policy of reduction in telecommunication cost and import duties on hardware and software. [3] Apart from the Multinationals like IBM, HP setting up shop in India for cost advantages and cheap labour, this industry has seen growth of successful Indian companies like TCS, Infosys, Wipro, HCL, Patni etc. The industry's contribution to GDP has significantly grown from 1.2% in 1999–2000 to 4.8% in 2005–2006[4] Growth phase With a CAGR of over 50% between 1992 and 2002, the Indian software sector has expanded twice as quickly as the American software sector[5] There are many economic and political factors that is expected to have contributed to the growth of the Indian IT industry. In 1968 the Tatas conglomerate set up the Indian software services firmTata Consultancy Services. Later, in 1970 IBM had to exit India due to high import duties. In 1991, due to a balance of payments crisis the government liberalized the economy. In 1994 the telecom sector was liberalized that led to the growth of the industry and increased competitiveness.[6] The Y2K problem is said to be
  • 6. Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 7. Essay On Nationalism In India "Let us always remember that we are all children of our mother country. Indeed, I have never worked in any other spirit than that I am an Indian and owe a duty to my country and to all my countrymen. Whether I am a Hindu, a Mohammedan, a Christian, a Parsi or any other creed, I am above all an Indian. Our country is India; our nationality is Indian." –Dadabhai Naoroji INTRODUCTION: Nationalism is an ideology that "proclaims the distinctiveness of a particular people and their right to self rule in their homeland." It constitutes a system of ideas mostly demanding rights of self determination. Nationalism was an emerging concept in India with the advent of imperialism and the increasing discontent in the public. Nationalism in India was considered as a movement that would voice out the issues and the interests of the Indian masses. At this point of...show more content... In the administration system, most of the positions were held by the British officials and Indians were given subordinate positions. Analysing the situation, Dadabhai came up with policies for development or betterment of which the first one was by encouraging the employment of Indians in the field of administration both in public as well as private companies. The idea behind this policy could be that by Indianising administration the wealth and wisdom can rise and can be maintained. He also mentioned that the government now needs to reduce its expenditure and Naoroji knew the fact that most of these expense was for the military which was not serving India but Britain at the expense borne by India. This also leads to pointing on to the taxation policy of the British. Tax payment set for India was really high. In Britain it was 8% whereas in India it was 15% and it was difficult for the rural population to pay a huge Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 8. Essay on India—an Emerging Power in the World Essay on India–an Emerging Power in the World Rare are the moments in history when a nation suddenly captures the imagination of the world. For India, those rare moments have arrived. The country is achieving a high economic growth of over 8 per cent of its GDP annually, on a consistent basis. In fact, India's economic growth rate is second highest in the world–next only to China. The developed world has been left behind. The two Asian giants–India and China have today turned the leaders of growth of the global economy. One can get the measure of India's resurgent economy from the fact that the world GDP growth is around 4 per cent. For advanced countries, the growth rate is around 3.5 per cent, while India is maintaining its GDP growth...show more content... Our exports have almost doubled during the last four years. The foreign exchange reserves have crossed US $ 200 billion which have given India a great financial strength. Our rupee has become very strong against the other international currencies– notably dollar, pound and euro. However, there is poverty amidst plenty in many areas. Millions people live in poverty and destitution. They do not have even the basic amenities of life, viz. food, clothing and shelter. This is because of the large size of our population, illiteracy, poor public distribution system and corruption. But, things are improving fast in India. Centuries of exploitative rule by the British had drained India of its wealth. After achieving independence, the country had a great task of rebuilding the basic infrastructure, spread education and bring new technology. The planned growth put the country back on track. Today, the literacy rate has improved to over 75 per cent, the per capita income has crossed Rs 25,000, health care facilities are available in every part of the country, and employment opportunities are growing. The large size of the population is actually a great source which can lead the country to dizzy heights. Nearly fifty per cent of our population is young which means a great working potential, which, if properly utilized can increase production and eradicate poverty. India is the biggest democracy in the world. The governments at the centre as well as at the states Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 9. Essay On Indian English Literature Introduction to Indian writing in English, inclusive of fiction: Indian English Literature is defined as the contribution of Indian writers to the Literature in English. With the consolidation of the British power in India, English, the language of rulers also began to exercise its influence on the intellectuals of the country. To the educated people, English language is a gateway to western knowledge. English provided a window for the Indian intellectuals to have a look at the wide world. Indian English Literature is a literature which is a combination of Indian literature and Indian literature written in English. Indian writings in English are a product of the historical encounter between the two cultures – Indian and the western–for...show more content... The first book with a title Travels of Dean Mahornet was written in English by Sake Dean Mahomet. It was published in 1793 in England. After publication of this book the English Parliament felt to rectify and equalize some of the materialistic of the East India Com servants. The England Parliament had approved the Charter Act. It made England responsible for the educational betterment of the natives. The English Education Act was prompted by Thomas Babington Macaulay's ill–famed "minute" on Indian education. It made English the medium of Indian education system and English literature a disciplinary subject in Indian educational institutions. Indian English Literature has matured from a sapling to a firmly rooted tree that blooms with its entirety still awaiting its yet–to–come metamorphosis. Indians took countless events and spotlight notable personalities to bring Indian writing in English to its contemporary fame. Indian literature in English and its transformation had happened in company with the consolidation of British imperialism in India. The critics come to the agreement that Indian English literature dates back to at least the early 19th century. In its early stages, the narration was influenced by the Western art form of the "novel". Early Indian writers made English by Indian words to communicate an experience and understanding which was fundamentally and in essence of Indian. In the beginning acceptance of English language and literature by upper–class Indians. First, there were the educational reforms called forth by both the Charter Act of 1813 and the 1835 English Education Act of William Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 10. Essay on Geography of India I would like to present to you the country of India. A country one–third the area of the United States (total land mass is 2,973,190 sq. kilometers) borders China on the northeast, Pakistan on the west, Nepal and Blutan to the north, and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. It is divided into three categorical geographic regions: the Gangetic Plain, the plateau region in the south, the Himalayan region in the north, which contains some of the highest mountains in the world and a central part. India has a population of 1,027,015,247 than speaks a whopping seventeen different languages. India has several religions but six major religions are Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jinism....show more content... An estimated 750 million people live on the areas around the Himalaya rivers, which includes Bangladesh. Vegetation across the range varies with climate and altitude. The lower regions show a forest that contains shrubery, plants, and trees that tend to fall off due to winter seasons. In the higher region of the Himalaya's lies a vegetation area that consisted of temperate forests, conifers, and tundra. The Himalaya's are topped off with the snow–line in which whatever lies above is covered in snow year round. Also on the eastern side evergreen rainforests can be sighted. The Himalaya's have a profound impact on the climate especially to the Tibetan plateau and Indian subcontinent. It prevents "frigid, dry Arctic winds from blowing south into the subcontinent, which keeps South Asia much warmer than corresponding temperate regions in the other continents. It also forms a barrier for the monsoon winds, keeping them from traveling northwards, and causing heavy rainfall in the Terai region"(Himalaya). An example of the impact the mountain range gives to the population is that is a natural barrier to the movement of people for a long time. It has prevented people from China and Mongolia to meet those from the Indian subcontinent and "caused a significant difference in languages and customs between these regions. The Himalaya has also hindered trade routes and prevented military expeditions across its expanse"(Himalaya). Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 11. Essay on India China Economic Growth ESSAY ON CRITICALLY EVALUATE THE MAIN CATALYSTS TO GROWTH IN CHINA AND INDIA. India with about 1.2 million populations and china with about 1.3 billon population are two big demographic and emerging countries in the world .Over a past few decade India’s combination into the economic has been accompanied by remarkable economic growth (World Bank 2011¬).India is having the 3th position on the economy in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms (The Economic Times, 2012). India’s total GDP (gross Domestic Product) growth was 5.5% in 2012 and inflation rate is was .........(The Economist, 2012) .According to government of India poverty has been decline from 37.2% in 2004 to 29.8% in 2010 (world bank 2011).The major economic growth sectors...show more content... China’s domestic savings went from around 23 per cent of GDP in 1960 to 43 per cent in 2002. Both countries open the door and increased their shares of trade (Chakrabarti, Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 12. The Scenic Beauty Of India Come and Experience the Sublime Tranquility in the Hill Stations near Delhi People from all across the globe are fascinated by the scenic beauty of India. Here in our country, various religions, traditions and cultures came into existence. The hill stations successfully uphold century old culture and tradition that prospered years ago. India is completely dotted by awe–inspiring hill stations starting from Jammu and Kashmir and moving onto Tamil Nadu which encapsulates 20 mountainous ranges. There are several quiet gateways in India to choose from. Since there are 20 mountainous ranges, it gets difficult to choose one particular hill station for the tour. The most adorable hillstation: Nainital Based on Uttarakhand in Kumaon region, Nainital is the most charming hillstation that surrounds Lake Naini, the volcanic lake. It is adored by millions of travelers all across the globe and so it is addressed as the 'Lake District' of India. Whether you crave for a romantic gateway or want some private moment at the lap of nature, Nainital is perfect. Enjoy boating, sightseeing activities, eco–tourism here. Shimla: the summer capital of British Shimla is one of the offbeat destinations in India that was once called 'Summer Capital of British'. It is now the capital of Himachal Pradesh and certainly a delight for the eyes. Shimla is highly appreciated for its tremendous scenic beauty, eternal and ethnic culture. Being the architectural paradise, Shimla flaunts many architectural Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 13. Essay On Growth Of India spirations of its young population. India is one of the youngest nations in the world where the ratio of youth is higher in its population, with more than 54% of the entire population under 25 years of age and over 62% of the population inside the working age group (15–59) in According to the census 2011India}. The country's population pyramid is anticipated to bulge across the 15–59 age groups over the next decade. This demographic advantage is predicted to last only until 2040. A World Bank report states that India is one of the few countries where working population continues to grow till 2050 [7]. With an annual addition of 9.25 million jobs per year, over 37 million jobs are expected to be created from 2012–13 through 2016–17 [8]....show more content... There have been efforts on the part of the state and Centre government through Ministry of Rural improvement to skill and train youths under diverse government schemes. However, most of those schemes are restrained to the youths beneath Poverty Line (BPL). There should be equal opportunities for all the people residing in rural areas. Every job aspirant should be given equal importance and would be given training in soft skills to lead a proper and decent life. For the Balanced growth in all the sectors the Goal of national policy and programs on skill improvement have has to diversification of economic activities, minimizing the dependence of rural households on agriculture and bringing approximately a sizable increase in the share in both output and employment of allied activities, rural industries, business and provider components of the agricultural economic system. To bring about a fast and sustainable economic development thru diverse reforms, the rural development initiatives should sharply cognizance on human's participation and rural corporations as the key attributes for their success followed through equally important elements, idea of integrated development, growth center technique, planning process technique, communication system to Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 14. My Trip To India Essay My trip to India was an astonishing experience, one that I will not forget ever. The country has lots to offer in many different ways, some being culture, nature and culinary ventures to explore, but also the poverty, pollution and begging going on down there. In India, the variety in social life is amazing. There are diversities of ethnic, economic, religious, class and cast groups all within the Indian society. The cast system has made Indians very obsessed over rank and status. Social relations often start with measuring the person based on caste, ethnic group or rank and how they are related to each other in a certain way according to the cast rules. The country of India occupies the greater part of South Asia, and it is a constitutional republic consisting of 29 states, each of these states have some degree of control over its own affairs. They also have six less fully empowered union territories, and the Delhi...show more content... Most of the people were walking om the roads to get by. The beach in Juhu Mumbai look really pleasing and you would want to go take a dip if you saw it, but no one is allowed to swim there. You would also maybe be scared away from the beach because of the bad smell. I also went to Elephanta Island via boat which took about 45 minutes. On the island there were old caves with interesting old statue carvings inside. The monkeys were really lame to deal with. Some of the tourists had their packs of chips and crackers snatched from them by these monkeys, and they jumped around like crazy which scared us. We didn't receive any warning about these monkeys. Overall I would not recommend traveling to the most populated areas of India, however once you get outside the cities things become much more pleasurable. There is not as much pollution there, and you can actually walk to places where there are no people and experience the rich nature India has to Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 15. India 's Development And Growth Essay Background: India is one of the most popular countries in the world. Geographically, India is located at the south of the Asian continent. India's development and growth has been one of the most significant accomplishments in recent times. India neighboring countries include Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Bhutan. The size of the population in India is 1,266,883,598 and the Territorial size of the country is 3, 287, 263 sq. km (The World Factbook, 2016). The prime minister of India is known as Narendra Modi who is the leader of the majority party in Lok Sabha and is currently the head of the Council of ministers in India. India's political party that is in power right now is Bharatiya Janata Party. The Bharatiya Janata Party, was first founded by Shyama Mukherjee in 1953 with the main purpose of safeguarding the Hindu interests in India (The World Factbook, 2016). India is becoming more of an open market economy. While most emerging nations were have struggled mightily against the strong U.S. dollar and falling commodity prices, India continues to lead. The view for India's long–term growth is positive due to the staggering young population and corresponding low dependency ratio (World Factbook, 2016). For example healthy savings, investment rates, and increasing integration play a role in the global economy. India being the 4th largest economy in the world, India has bought about a landmark agricultural revolution that has changed the country Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 16. The British Rule Of India Essay Introduction: John Watts founded the British East India Company in the 1600s. Which use to trade unique goods that couldn't be found in Britain. Some resources included gold/ mahogany /curry/silk/ivory. While the British were in India they made a lot of money exporting these goods. The British never saw India as a place to live more or a place to trade. A lot of British people move to North America instead of India. The British rule lasted a long time nearly 200 years. They found that communication was poor and they didn't understand the languages or customs of the Indian people. (British India). Also in 1857 the Sepoy Mutiny happened when rebellion the British government took control of India from the East India Company. (Smith, Frank) Motives: A reason the British want to colonize India was for trade. India has a lot of natural resource that were unique at the time and only available from India. Some resources are gold/mahogany/curry/silk/ivory. (Viswanathan, Balaji) Another reason they colonized India is that France threaten to attack the East India Company. The East India Company was the British company formed for trade with East and Southeast Asia and India. (East India Company) India was also a strategic location because it had lots of resource and an already established trade route. Methods: Originally the British did not want to take control of India. Instead in the early days they had an indirect rule over India. They British made contracts with the leaders of Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 17. Essay on Indian Music Indian Music The music of India is one of the oldest unspoken musical traditions in the world. The basis of for Indian music is "sangeet." Sangeet is a combination of three art forms: vocal music, instrumental music (Indian music). Indian music is base upon seven modes (scales). It is probably no coincidence that Greek music is also base upon seven modes. Furthermore, the Indian scales follow the same process of modulation (murchana) that was found in ancient Greek music. Since Greece is also Indo–European, this is another piece of evidence for the Indo–European connection (Dance and music of India). The vocal tradition is especially strong in Indian music. It is understood that the song is probably the most ancient form of...show more content... It is linked to the Sanskrit word "ranj" which means, "to colour" (Indian music). Therefore, rag may be thought of as an acoustic method of colouring the mind of the listener with an emotion. It is not a tune, melody, scale, mode, or any concept for which an English word exists. It is instead a combination of different characteristics. It is these characteristics, which define the rag. There must be the notes of the rag. They are called the swar (Indian music). There must also be a modal structure. This is called that in North Indian music and mela in carnatic music (Carnatic music). There is also the jati. Jati is the number of notes used in the rag. There must also be the ascending and descending structure. This is called arohana/avarohana. Another characteristic is that the various notes do not have the same level of significance. Some are important and others less so. The important notes are called vadi and samavadi (Indian music). There are often characteristic movements to the rag. This is called either pakad (Indian music). The Indian rhythm is known as tal. Tal means "clap". The tabla (Indian drum instrument) has replaced the clap in the performance, but the term still reflects the origin. The basic concepts of tal are tali, Khali,vibhag, matra, bol, theka, lay, sam, and avartan. Tali are a pattern of clapping. In addition to the claps, there are also a number of Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 18. Ancient India Essay 1.A monsoon is a recurrent wind in the South and Southeast Asia. Crops prospered and easy sea travel was increased during the monsoon season. 2.Vedas were the most ancient Hindu texts, containing songs, philosophy, and ritual practices of the priests in the Vedic religion. They are also a main source of information about the Vedic period. 3.There were four classes in the Indian society, all going under the category called varna. There four major classes were called Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra. There were also the Untouchables, which were people who dealt with dead animals and humans. 4.Many regional groups within each class of varna are named jati. Members of each jati could eat, marry, and interact with others only in their jati. 5.One's karma in their past life would...show more content... Southern Asia was inhabited by Dravidian–speaking kingdoms called the Tamil kingdoms. The three kingdoms of Cholas, Pandyas, and Cheras existed in one way or another for two thousand years. 16.The Gupta Empire was largely based off of the Mauryan Empire, such as having similar tax rates and a founder who modeled himself after the first Mauryan king. 17.A theater–state is a political state that gains power on the performance of drama and ritual. 18.In Southeast Asia, one early complex society was named Funan. This society flourished with a rich rice–growing region and control over the passageway of trade in the Malaysian isthmus. 19.Jainism is a religion in which followers practiced extremely strict nonviolence. This included wearing a mask in order to not swallow bugs, not participating in agriculture, and only eating what was offered to them. 20.Large clay mounts representing life were called stupas. They also signified the relics of the Buddha. 21.The ritual of sati was when a woman was to burn herself on her husband's funeral pyre after his death. This kept women from remarrying and kept them "pure". 22.The Deccan is a dry, rocky plateau located in Northern Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 19. India INDIA'S PROGRESS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A New Frontier The tradition of science and technology (S&T) in India is over 5,000 years old. A renaissance was witnessed in the first half of the 20th century. The S&T infrastructure has grown up from about Rs. 10 million at the time of independence in 1947 to Rs. 30 billion. Significant achievements have been made in the areas of nuclear and space science, electronics and defence. The government is committed to making S&T an integral part of the socio–economic development of the country. | | India has the third largest scientific and technical manpower in the world; 162 universities award 4,000 doctorates and 35,000 postgraduate degrees and the Council of Scientific and...show more content... The INSAT series ofsatellite launched earlier are performing well and provide vital services for telecommunications, television, meteorology, disaster warning and distress detection. The latest INSAT series include new features like Ku–band transponders and mobile satellite services transponders. The remote–sensing satellites, launched in 1988 and 1991, have already become the mainstay of the natural resource management system of the country. The projected launch of advanced remote sensing satellites will not only enhance the scope of their application, but will also offer commercial service to other countries. The Indian achievement in the application of space–based remote sensing technology has led a US company to enter into an agreement for marketing the data from Indian satellites globally. India's progress in space technology has attracted worldwide attention and demand, with leasing agreements for marketing of IRS data and supply of space hardware and services. India also believes in co–operation in space with agencies all over the world. A high–level UN team selected India for setting up a UN Centre for Space Science and Technology Education. India is on the threshold of achieving self–reliance in the launch capability. It will be a befitting tribute to the father of the Indian space programme, Dr. Vikaram Sarabhai, whose 80th birth anniversary was observed in August 1996. Electronics The Department of
  • 20. Get more content on HelpWriting.net