TN013 ESD Failure Analysis of PV Module Diodes and TLP Test MethodWei Huang
Bypass diodes inserted across the strings of the solar panel arrays are essential to ensure the efficiency of the solar power system. However, those diodes are found to be susceptible to potential Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) events in the process of solar Photovoltaic (PV) panel manufacture, transportation and on-site installation. Please refer [1], where an International PV Module Quality Assurance Forum has been setup to investigate PV Module reliability, and Task Force 4 has been setting guidelines for testing the ESD robustness of diodes used to enhance PV panel performance. This document explains the theory behind the ESD damage and the proper test and analysis methods for ESD failure of diodes. To demonstrate the proposed testing methodology that follows, we will be evaluating six different types of diode models as supplied by our customer, who manufactures solar panel arrays.
TN006 frequency compensation method for vf-tlp measurementsWei Huang
The objective of this article is to demonstrate a frequency compensation technique for measuring the current and voltage of a device under test in a Very Fast Transmission Line Pulser (VF-TLP) test environment. The current measurement utilizes Non-Overlapping Time Domain Reflectometry, which is useful for On-Wafer testing because the measurement can be made with low profile small pitch probes, such as the Picoprobe Model 10. Further, to increase the bandwidth of the current measurement over common techniques, such as current transformers with 1GHz bandwidth, the method utilizes a resistive Pick-Off. The Pick-Off can be finely tuned to have as little insertion loss as possible, thereby enhancing the bandwidth. Although this method can also yield a DUT voltage measurement, the result suffers from numerical errors for low ohmic devices. A separate, direct measurement is presented that will demonstrate an extremely accurate voltage measurement that also utilizes frequency compensation.
ESDEMC_PB2009.08 A Measurement Technique for ESD Current Spreading on A PCB u...ESDEMC Technology LLC
Abstract—Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can cause interference or damage in circuits in many ways e.g., by E- or Hfield coupling or via conduction paths. Although we can roughly estimate the voltage and current at the injection point during an ESD event, the real offending parameter is mostly the ESD current spreading throughout the system. Those currents can be simulated if great simplifications of the system are accepted.
However, even in moderately complex systems the ability to simulate is limited by lack of models and computational resources. Independent of the complexity, but obviously not free of its own limitations is a measurement technique that captures the current as a function of time and location through the system.
This article describes the proof on concept of ESD such a measurement technique that allows reconstructing the spreading current as a movie from magnetic field measurements. It details the technique, question of probe selection and how to process the data to present the current spread as a movie.
Ted Dangelmayer and Terry Welsher, of Dangelmayer Associates, present two topics involving Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) and the connection to product reliability. Please join both presentations to increase your understanding of the impact of ESD and specific considerations during product design.
In this seminar, we discuss the challenges designers will be facing over the next several years. Changes in technology will continue to put pressure on designers to provide adequate protection but often without good information or tools. Highlights of the following will be covered: The shrinking design window for CMOS integrated circuits; changes in component level ESD threshold targets and the lack of availability of component information; the implications of new packaging and interconnect technologies such as through silicon vias (TSV); design of system connection and user interfaces; the use and misuse of component level ESD information for system level protection and emerging methods for co-design; and the evolution of EOS/ESD testing methods and standards.
ESDEMC_PB2014.08 An Ethernet Cable Discharge Event (CDE) Test and Measurement...ESDEMC Technology LLC
Abstract — A Cable Discharge Event (CDE) is an electrostatic discharge between a cable and a connector. CDEs occur on unshielded Ethernet based communication interfaces and inject currents into the pins directly [1-3]. The charging processes are in general understood; however, the discharge processes are complicated due to the number of pins involved and their connections to a system. Based on an understanding of the factors which determine the severity of a CDE, this article describes how to setup a variety of repeatable CDE tests and how to analyze the measurement results.
Keywords — Cable Discharge Event (CDE) Test; Cable ESD;
TN013 ESD Failure Analysis of PV Module Diodes and TLP Test MethodWei Huang
Bypass diodes inserted across the strings of the solar panel arrays are essential to ensure the efficiency of the solar power system. However, those diodes are found to be susceptible to potential Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) events in the process of solar Photovoltaic (PV) panel manufacture, transportation and on-site installation. Please refer [1], where an International PV Module Quality Assurance Forum has been setup to investigate PV Module reliability, and Task Force 4 has been setting guidelines for testing the ESD robustness of diodes used to enhance PV panel performance. This document explains the theory behind the ESD damage and the proper test and analysis methods for ESD failure of diodes. To demonstrate the proposed testing methodology that follows, we will be evaluating six different types of diode models as supplied by our customer, who manufactures solar panel arrays.
TN006 frequency compensation method for vf-tlp measurementsWei Huang
The objective of this article is to demonstrate a frequency compensation technique for measuring the current and voltage of a device under test in a Very Fast Transmission Line Pulser (VF-TLP) test environment. The current measurement utilizes Non-Overlapping Time Domain Reflectometry, which is useful for On-Wafer testing because the measurement can be made with low profile small pitch probes, such as the Picoprobe Model 10. Further, to increase the bandwidth of the current measurement over common techniques, such as current transformers with 1GHz bandwidth, the method utilizes a resistive Pick-Off. The Pick-Off can be finely tuned to have as little insertion loss as possible, thereby enhancing the bandwidth. Although this method can also yield a DUT voltage measurement, the result suffers from numerical errors for low ohmic devices. A separate, direct measurement is presented that will demonstrate an extremely accurate voltage measurement that also utilizes frequency compensation.
ESDEMC_PB2009.08 A Measurement Technique for ESD Current Spreading on A PCB u...ESDEMC Technology LLC
Abstract—Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can cause interference or damage in circuits in many ways e.g., by E- or Hfield coupling or via conduction paths. Although we can roughly estimate the voltage and current at the injection point during an ESD event, the real offending parameter is mostly the ESD current spreading throughout the system. Those currents can be simulated if great simplifications of the system are accepted.
However, even in moderately complex systems the ability to simulate is limited by lack of models and computational resources. Independent of the complexity, but obviously not free of its own limitations is a measurement technique that captures the current as a function of time and location through the system.
This article describes the proof on concept of ESD such a measurement technique that allows reconstructing the spreading current as a movie from magnetic field measurements. It details the technique, question of probe selection and how to process the data to present the current spread as a movie.
Ted Dangelmayer and Terry Welsher, of Dangelmayer Associates, present two topics involving Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) and the connection to product reliability. Please join both presentations to increase your understanding of the impact of ESD and specific considerations during product design.
In this seminar, we discuss the challenges designers will be facing over the next several years. Changes in technology will continue to put pressure on designers to provide adequate protection but often without good information or tools. Highlights of the following will be covered: The shrinking design window for CMOS integrated circuits; changes in component level ESD threshold targets and the lack of availability of component information; the implications of new packaging and interconnect technologies such as through silicon vias (TSV); design of system connection and user interfaces; the use and misuse of component level ESD information for system level protection and emerging methods for co-design; and the evolution of EOS/ESD testing methods and standards.
ESDEMC_PB2014.08 An Ethernet Cable Discharge Event (CDE) Test and Measurement...ESDEMC Technology LLC
Abstract — A Cable Discharge Event (CDE) is an electrostatic discharge between a cable and a connector. CDEs occur on unshielded Ethernet based communication interfaces and inject currents into the pins directly [1-3]. The charging processes are in general understood; however, the discharge processes are complicated due to the number of pins involved and their connections to a system. Based on an understanding of the factors which determine the severity of a CDE, this article describes how to setup a variety of repeatable CDE tests and how to analyze the measurement results.
Keywords — Cable Discharge Event (CDE) Test; Cable ESD;
Pb2003.01 problems with the electrostatic discharge (esd) immunity test in el...ESDEMC Technology LLC
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) immunity test is one of the important electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests. The IEC standard IECdlOOO-4-2 is the widely used standard to test the ESD immunity for electronic equipment. Many amendments such as amendment 1 (1998), amendment 2 (2000) have been published since 1995, but there is still problems with the ESD immunity test even with the 200x version. More than six ESD generators of different bands are tested for different equipment. The results show that the failure voltages of different ESD generators are vary much from different bands for the same test equipment. This may lead to the results incomparable when test the ESD immunity test in the EMC. Further studies show that there is a good correlation between the failure voltage and the induced voltage.
Dynamics of Rotating Structures RelealedPolytec, Inc.
Learn how dynamic torsional motion found in rotating bodies can be measured using non-contact angular velocity and displacement sensors. Controlling torsional vibrations is critical to designing reliable vehicles, electric power generators and aircraft propulsion systems.
Rotational vibration data, used in the early stages of product development, has enabled design and test engineers to reduce noise, vibration felt by the passenger/operator, and to substantially increase durability. Classic examples of products with dynamic torsional motion are: drive shafts, universal joints, CV joints, electric motors, combustion engines, turbines, pumps, gearboxes / transfer cases.
Discover how vibrometers can be used to measure the vibration at fixed points and scanned to characterize the entire surface even when the structure is rotating.
Our experts in the field of vibrometry will be on hand to answer any questions you have about your current and future measurement needs and requirements.
Partial Discharge Detection Products by EA TechnologyRyan McFallo
EA Technology is the global leader in MV Partial Discharge detection. EA’s unique technology allows real time partial discharge detection and monitoring without interrupting service, EA also provides on-site partial discharge surveys.
Would you like to learn more about partial discharge detection and monitoring products/services?
Visit Technical Sales-Northwest at http://www.techsalesnw.com
Results of 10 years after installation tests with partial discharge detection...HighVoltageDUT
In 2004 Alliander decided to add partial discharge (PD) measurements in their after installation test policy. Over the last years, dozens of accessories and a few cable parts were taken out of the tested cables, based on PD activity, measured during after installation test. In many cases severe abnormalities were found, threatening the reliability of the cable system, but also cases were found where the reason for PD was not clear. It is also discovered that cable systems can contain PD’s in accessories but still survive the after installation test.
In this article from the January 2015 World Pipelines edition, Andre Lamarre, Business Development Manager - Power Generation and Pipeline Markets at Olympus NDT, writes about trusted UT inspection methods and new technique developments used to contribute to pipeline integrity.
More on Olympus ultrasonic flaw detectors: http://bit.ly/1zy3QUu
Contact us: http://bit.ly/1rDmq94
Sign up for our newsletter: http://bit.ly/1j5FOTy
Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges Buildings and Industrial Plant with N...Polytec, Inc.
Learn about Polytec’s latest laser vibrometer, specifically designed for remote, long range vibration and deflection measurements on bridges, buildings, towers, industrial plant, high voltage insulators or indeed any surface that is inaccessible or hard to reach. The system features a very high optical sensitivity, which means that it can also be used on surfaces at distances that would otherwise require surface treatment for vibrometry measurement. The webinar will share examples showing how the RSV-150 saves time and effort when monitoring the health of structures, including the measurement of resonant frequencies and deflections of bridges subjected to traffic loading. Find out how the laser Doppler approach compares with the alternative contacting and remote sensing methods.
How to extract shielded cable properties for radiated susceptibilityEMI Software LLC
The task is to characterize cables for EMC. Often we have to determine if a certain cable is adequate for the environment. How to input cable characteristics into EMI Analyst to perform RE/RS type tests? Let's find out in the above presentation.
Behavioral studies of surge protection componentsjournalBEEI
In our daily life, almost all the items we used, being a computer, television, lift or vehicle we drive consist of some kind of electrical or electronics component inside. The operation of these devices could be severely affected by lightning activity or electrical switching events, as there are more than 2000 thunderstorms in progress at any time resulting in 100 lightning flashes to ground per second. In practice, any device using electricity will subject to surge damages induced from the lightning or switching of heavy load. Surge protection device (SPD) is added at the power distribution panel and critical process loop to prevent damage subsequently cause plant shutdown. There are many questions raised on the SPD. How can this small device protect the equipment from large energy release by the lightning? What is inside the device? How does it work? This paper provides comprehensive detail in revealing the science and engineering behind the SPD, its individual component characteristic and how does it work. The technical information presented is limited to surge protection on equipment; surge protection for building structure will not be discussed here.
Data Teknis Gossen Metrawatt Insulation Tester METRISO PROPT. Siwali Swantika
Pemesanan produk, hubungi PT Siwali Swantika melalui WhatsApp, Jakarta : 0811-1519-949 (chat only) | Surabaya : 0811-1519-948 (chat only). Kunjungi website kami di www.siwali.com, untuk detail informasi spesifikasi dan model alat.
EMAT, or Electro Magnetic Acoustic Transducer, is an Ultrasonic Testing (UT) technique that generates the sound in the part inspected instead of the transducer.
As a non-contact UT technique, EMAT has important advantages that make it the technique of choice for many applications.
Due to recent advances in hardware and software, a lot of its traditional challenges are being gradually overcome, and new solutions are developed every day.
EMAT Principles, Advantages and Disadvantages.
Visit www.innerspec.com
Pb2003.01 problems with the electrostatic discharge (esd) immunity test in el...ESDEMC Technology LLC
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) immunity test is one of the important electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests. The IEC standard IECdlOOO-4-2 is the widely used standard to test the ESD immunity for electronic equipment. Many amendments such as amendment 1 (1998), amendment 2 (2000) have been published since 1995, but there is still problems with the ESD immunity test even with the 200x version. More than six ESD generators of different bands are tested for different equipment. The results show that the failure voltages of different ESD generators are vary much from different bands for the same test equipment. This may lead to the results incomparable when test the ESD immunity test in the EMC. Further studies show that there is a good correlation between the failure voltage and the induced voltage.
Dynamics of Rotating Structures RelealedPolytec, Inc.
Learn how dynamic torsional motion found in rotating bodies can be measured using non-contact angular velocity and displacement sensors. Controlling torsional vibrations is critical to designing reliable vehicles, electric power generators and aircraft propulsion systems.
Rotational vibration data, used in the early stages of product development, has enabled design and test engineers to reduce noise, vibration felt by the passenger/operator, and to substantially increase durability. Classic examples of products with dynamic torsional motion are: drive shafts, universal joints, CV joints, electric motors, combustion engines, turbines, pumps, gearboxes / transfer cases.
Discover how vibrometers can be used to measure the vibration at fixed points and scanned to characterize the entire surface even when the structure is rotating.
Our experts in the field of vibrometry will be on hand to answer any questions you have about your current and future measurement needs and requirements.
Partial Discharge Detection Products by EA TechnologyRyan McFallo
EA Technology is the global leader in MV Partial Discharge detection. EA’s unique technology allows real time partial discharge detection and monitoring without interrupting service, EA also provides on-site partial discharge surveys.
Would you like to learn more about partial discharge detection and monitoring products/services?
Visit Technical Sales-Northwest at http://www.techsalesnw.com
Results of 10 years after installation tests with partial discharge detection...HighVoltageDUT
In 2004 Alliander decided to add partial discharge (PD) measurements in their after installation test policy. Over the last years, dozens of accessories and a few cable parts were taken out of the tested cables, based on PD activity, measured during after installation test. In many cases severe abnormalities were found, threatening the reliability of the cable system, but also cases were found where the reason for PD was not clear. It is also discovered that cable systems can contain PD’s in accessories but still survive the after installation test.
In this article from the January 2015 World Pipelines edition, Andre Lamarre, Business Development Manager - Power Generation and Pipeline Markets at Olympus NDT, writes about trusted UT inspection methods and new technique developments used to contribute to pipeline integrity.
More on Olympus ultrasonic flaw detectors: http://bit.ly/1zy3QUu
Contact us: http://bit.ly/1rDmq94
Sign up for our newsletter: http://bit.ly/1j5FOTy
Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges Buildings and Industrial Plant with N...Polytec, Inc.
Learn about Polytec’s latest laser vibrometer, specifically designed for remote, long range vibration and deflection measurements on bridges, buildings, towers, industrial plant, high voltage insulators or indeed any surface that is inaccessible or hard to reach. The system features a very high optical sensitivity, which means that it can also be used on surfaces at distances that would otherwise require surface treatment for vibrometry measurement. The webinar will share examples showing how the RSV-150 saves time and effort when monitoring the health of structures, including the measurement of resonant frequencies and deflections of bridges subjected to traffic loading. Find out how the laser Doppler approach compares with the alternative contacting and remote sensing methods.
How to extract shielded cable properties for radiated susceptibilityEMI Software LLC
The task is to characterize cables for EMC. Often we have to determine if a certain cable is adequate for the environment. How to input cable characteristics into EMI Analyst to perform RE/RS type tests? Let's find out in the above presentation.
Behavioral studies of surge protection componentsjournalBEEI
In our daily life, almost all the items we used, being a computer, television, lift or vehicle we drive consist of some kind of electrical or electronics component inside. The operation of these devices could be severely affected by lightning activity or electrical switching events, as there are more than 2000 thunderstorms in progress at any time resulting in 100 lightning flashes to ground per second. In practice, any device using electricity will subject to surge damages induced from the lightning or switching of heavy load. Surge protection device (SPD) is added at the power distribution panel and critical process loop to prevent damage subsequently cause plant shutdown. There are many questions raised on the SPD. How can this small device protect the equipment from large energy release by the lightning? What is inside the device? How does it work? This paper provides comprehensive detail in revealing the science and engineering behind the SPD, its individual component characteristic and how does it work. The technical information presented is limited to surge protection on equipment; surge protection for building structure will not be discussed here.
Data Teknis Gossen Metrawatt Insulation Tester METRISO PROPT. Siwali Swantika
Pemesanan produk, hubungi PT Siwali Swantika melalui WhatsApp, Jakarta : 0811-1519-949 (chat only) | Surabaya : 0811-1519-948 (chat only). Kunjungi website kami di www.siwali.com, untuk detail informasi spesifikasi dan model alat.
EMAT, or Electro Magnetic Acoustic Transducer, is an Ultrasonic Testing (UT) technique that generates the sound in the part inspected instead of the transducer.
As a non-contact UT technique, EMAT has important advantages that make it the technique of choice for many applications.
Due to recent advances in hardware and software, a lot of its traditional challenges are being gradually overcome, and new solutions are developed every day.
EMAT Principles, Advantages and Disadvantages.
Visit www.innerspec.com
I would like to share some knowledge of surge protection devices.
This presentation highlights some concepts of surge and surge protectors.
Presentation Index is as follows:
> Types of Surge
> Sources of Surge
> Surge Current & Voltage waveform
> Importance of Surge Protectors
> Types of Surge protectors
> Location of Surge Protectors
Lightning and Surge Protection Strategy for InstrumentationRekaNext Capital
When Sensors are deployed outdoor, they need to be protected from Lightning voltage Surges. These are basic simple devices used to protect expensive sensors as voltage surges can occur anytime. This increase longivity of sensors and instruments
2012 Protection strategy for EOS (IEC 61000-4-5)Sofics
2012 Taiwan ESD and reliability conference
The standard IEC 61000-4-5 is used to characterize IC designs for EOS robustness. Each chip should achieve a minimum level of protection to withstand against EOS. Based on Long TLP and simulation, a strategy is developed to handle this requirement. The methodology has been applied for a T-con product in 130nm CMOS.
Industrial Surge Protection: Why Use Mersen Surge Protection Devices?AutomationDirect.com
In this Slideshare you may gain a better understanding of what a power surge is, what may cause a power surge, and why using Mersen surge protection devices to protect your equipment is an easy and cost-effective solution that will save you money and downtime.
How to protect electronic systems against esdMohamed Saadna
Electronic systems are subjected to electrostatic discharges (ESD). PCB designers must ensure their PCB is ESD-proof by adding TVS close to the connectors exposed to ESD. This presentation is an introduction on why and how to protect electronic systems. Advanced informations on IEC61000-4-2 and ISO10605 standards are also mentioned. Finally application examples from STMicroelectronics boards are shown as examples with ESD product recommendation for interfaces commonly used around MCUs like USB, RS-232, RS-485, USB-C, microphone, speakers, SWD, JTAG, memory card, ethernet, MIPI, Display port, HDMI, PLC inputs, CAN bus, KNX, DC barrel, SIM cards, etc.
Electromagnetic Interference and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMI/EMCAishwary Singh
• Characterizing the threat
• Setting standards for emission and susceptibility levels
• Testing of Equipment on heavy Vibrations
• Testing for standards compliance
For queries,
Aishwarya
palsinghaishwarya@gmail.com
Similar to Introduction of Transmission Line Pulse (TLP) Testing for ESD Analysis - Device Level (20)
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3
Introduction of Transmission Line Pulse (TLP) Testing for ESD Analysis - Device Level
1. Version 2015.04.17
Wei Huang, Jerry Tichenor
Web: www.esdemc.com Email: info@esdemc.com Tel: (+1) 573-202-6411 Fax: (+1) 877-641-9358
Address: 4000 Enterprise Drive, Suite 103, Rolla, MO, 65401
Introduction of
Transmission Line Pulse (TLP) Testing
for ESD Analysis
- Device Level
2. AGENDA
What is ESD?
Why do we care about ESD?
How can we protect against ESD?
How do we test for ESD robustness?
What is TLP testing?
ESD robustness tests vs. TLP testing (Pulse Shape Parameters)
Benefits of TLP testing vs. other ESD tests
Testing Procedure
Purchasing Considerations
TLP Standard Requirements
TLP Systems Comparison
TLP FAQ
References
2
3. WHATISESD?
What is ESD ?
• Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) is an exchange of charge between two objects, It
occurs when contact is established or if the dielectric breakdown of the material
between the two objects is exceeded
3
Note: The voltages are relatively high, some of them may occur under some extreme cases.
4. WHYDOWECAREABOUTESD?
Why do we care about ESD?
• Potential damage to circuit designs, leading to:
• Poor product quality
• Angry customers
• Increased costs for repair and rework
• Components permanent damage by breakdown, or oxide punch through,
excessive local heating as components may not be able to dissipate the energy
fast enough
4
Source: 2005 ESD/EOS
Symposium paper
8. HOWCANWEPROTECTAGAINSTESD?
How can we protect against ESD?
1. Controlled Environment 1
• Reduce the potential for charge build up
• Grounded equipment and furniture
• Clean Room - Controlled humidity and particles
• Does not help when system is shipped to End-User, such as Consumer Electronics.
Picture 8 ESD Friendly Workspace
8
9. HOWCANWEPROTECTAGAINSTESD?CONT’D
How can we protect against ESD? Cont’d
2. Improve System ESD Robustness
• Understand system working environment and potential ESD risks
• Design your system with careful ESD protection strategy !
(Please refer to System Level ESD - White Paper 1,2,3 - Industry Council on ESD Target Levels,
http://esda.org/IndustryCouncil.html)
• Understand ESD sensitivities of critical components
• Test and choose best ESD protection solutions for weakness
• Test and further improve system level ESD robustness
Design engineers need critical data from different types of ESD tests.
TLP test is a very powerful tool that provides many important data for ESD design !
Graph 1 Graph 2 9
10. HOWDOWETESTFORESDROBUSTNESS?
How do we test for ESD robustness?
• Human Body Model (HBM) 2
• Charged human body contact with device under test (DUT)
• ANSI/ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001-2010
• Test to 4000V, < 3A into a short (8000V optional)
• Discharge from the skin (IEC 61000-4-2 is a discharge from a metal part)
10
Rise Time (tr) for short – 2 to 10ns Decay Time (td) for short – 130 to 170ns
Picture 9
11. HOWDOWETESTFORESDROBUSTNESS?CONT’D
How do we test for ESD robustness? Cont’d
• Machine Model (MM) 3 (MM model is used very little)
• Charged machine discharge to devices, such as during production
• ESD STM5.2-2012
• Test to 400V
• < 7A into a short
11
Major Pulse Period (tpm) for short – 66 to 90ns
Graph 3
12. HOWDOWETESTFORESDROBUSTNESS?CONT’D
How do we test for ESD robustness? Cont’d
• Charged Device Model (CDM) 4
• Charged device discharge to other metal parts or ground plane, such as an integrated
circuit during assembly
• ESD S5.3.1-2009
• Device is charged via a charging plate
• Non-contact discharge as grounded object approaches a charged pin
• Test to 2000V
• 30A (4pF verification module, 260ps rise time)
12
Rise Time (tr) – ~200ps, Full Width Half Height (td) - ~400ps
Graph 4
CDM Test Setup
13. HOWDOWETESTFORESDROBUSTNESS?CONT’D
How do we test for ESD robustness? Cont’d
• IEC 61000-4-2:2008 5
• Charged human body contacting a DUT with a metal, discharging to a system
• System level test
13Ideal contact discharge waveform (4kV)
Contact discharge current waveform parameters
IEC Test Configuration
EUT
14. HOWDOWETESTFORESDROBUSTNESS?CONT’D
How do we test for ESD robustness? Cont’d
• Human Metal Model (HMM) 6
• Charged human discharging through a metal tool
• ANSI/ESD SP5.6-2009
• Component level test similar to IEC 61000-4-2
• Current waveform parameters same as IEC 61000-4-2
• Can use TLP and the 50W arrangement for more reliable and automatic failure
detection testing
14
50W Coaxial Source Setup
Setup A Setup B
15. WHATISTLPTESTING?
What is TLP Measurement ?
• Transmission-Line Pulse (TLP) Measurement is a methodology to test and study
integrated circuit technologies and circuit behavior in the time domain of
transient events, such as Electrostatic-Discharge (ESD), Cable Discharge Event
(CDE) .
• History:
• Due to interest in Electromagnetic Pulse environments, Wunsch and Bell
studied pulsed power failures in semiconductor junctions in the 1960’s. 7
• Also developed in the 1960’s, by Bradley, Higgins et.al., was the use of
charged transmission lines to generate rectangular pulses 8
• In the 1980’s the idea of using Transmission Line Pulsing for modeling of ESD
phenomena was introduced by Maloney and Khurana 9
• The first commercial TLP system was introduced by Barth Electronics in the
mid-1990’s 10
15
16. TLPSTANDARDREQUIREMENTS
What is TLP Testing?
TLP Standard Requirements
• Standard TLP (STM5.5.1-2014)
• Typically 0.2 to 10 ns rise time
• 10ns to > ms pulse width (100ns typical)
• Minimum of 200MHz BW oscilloscope
• Minimum of 200MHz BW voltage probe
• Minimum of 200MHz BW current probe
• Very Fast TLP (SP5.5.2-2007)
• Typically <= 200 ps rise time
• 1 to 10ns pulse width
• Minimum of 2.5GHz BW oscilloscope with 5GSa/s sampling
• Minimum of 1GHz BW voltage probe
• Minimum of 2GHz BW current probe
16
17. WHATISTLPTESTING?CONT’D
What is TLP Testing? Cont’d
• A basic pulse generator consists of a charge line (TL1) of length L, a switch (S1), and a High
Voltage power supply (Vo)
• The length of the charge line determines the pulse width
• Standard TLP typically uses 100ns pulse width, and a 1ns rise time
• Pulses are incrementally increased until
failure, or the maximum voltage is reached
• Failure typically determined by DC leakage
current measurement
• Measurement window is typically between
the 70 to 90% region to obtain a point of
the I-V curve
17
t
I(t)
t
V(t)
IDUT
VDUT
I
V
I
V
Measurement Window
Graph 5
18. WHATISTLPTESTING?CONT’D
What is TLP Testing? Cont’d
• I-V Characterization of TVS diode (70% to 90% window) measurement
18
Measurement Window (70 to 90% of Pulse)
19. WHATISTLPTESTING?CONT’D
What is TLP Testing? Cont’d
• I-V Characterization of TVS diode (70% to 90% window) measurement
• 100ns Pulse
19
Semtech uClamp0541Z Datasheet ESDEMC TLP Measurement
20. WHATISTLPTESTING?CONT’D
What is TLP Testing? Cont’d
• VF-TLP Measurement: turn on behavior of a TVS diode (first few nano-seconds of pulse)
20
RDUT vs. Time vs. Pulse Voltage Waterfall
6 V
TLP Pulse
Upper RDUT value limited
for plotting purposes
21. WHATISTLPTESTING?CONT’D
Typical Standard TLP Applications
1. Use TLP to obtain pulsed I-V curve, e.g. Get Protection Device Dynamic Resistance
(Dynamic Resistance is defined as dV/dI of the I-V curve)
Dynamic resistance is a very important specification for ESD protection device.
The lower the Rdyn, the more ESD current flows through the protection device and less
current flows through protected device.
• Transient Voltage Suppressor – 100’s of milli W’s to W’s
• Multi-Layer Varistor – W’s or more for low capacitance devices
21
Rdyn = (Vt2 – Vt1)/(It2 – It1)
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 5 10 15 20 25
TLP Voltage (V)
TLPCurrent(A)
RDYN = dV/dI =
Vt2 - Vt1 / It2 - It1
22. WHATISTLPTESTING?CONT’D
Typical Standard TLP Applications
2. Use TLP and auto failure check setup to test device ESD robustness / sensitivity
ESD Robustness of System / IC / Module are often evaluated with different ESD test setups. Some failure
types due to transient high energy damage can be simulated with controlled rise-time / pulse-width
rectangle TLP pulses or RC circuit discharging into matched 50 Ohm system waveform. TLP test results has
been used to estimate HBM, IEC 61000-4-2, HMM failure level. n
Eg, ESD thermal failure correlations*(Note): TVS IEC 1 kV level = 2 A , 100 ns TLP pulse level
IC HBM 1 kV level = 1.5 A, 100 ns TLP pulse level
Please refer to publications for to TLP test correlations usage, different device has different sensitivities !
Correlation between transmission-line-pulsing I-V curve and human-body-model, Jon Barth, John Richner
ESD Relations between system level ESD and (vf-)TLP, T. Smedes, J. van Zwol, G. de Raad, T. Brodbeck, H. Wolf
A TLP-based Human Metal Model ESD-Generator for Device Qualification according to IEC 61000-4-2
Yiqun Cao 1, David Johnsson 1, Bastian Arndt 2 and Matthias Stecher
Pitfalls when correlating TLP, HBM and MM testing, Guido Notermans, Peter de Jong and Fred Kuper
A Failure Levels Study of Non-Snapback ESD Devices for Automotive Applications, Yiqun Cao , Ulrich Glaser ,
Stephan Frei and Matthias Stecher
Correlation Between TLP, HMM, and System-Level ESD Pulses for Cu Metallization, Y. Xi, S. Malobabic, V.
Vashchenko, and J. Liou
Capacitive Coupled TLP (CC-TLP) and the Correlation with the CDM, Heinrich Wolf, Horst Gieser, Karlheinz Bock ,
Agha Jahanzeb, Charvaka Duvvury, Yen-Yi Lin
….. (please check for your device and applications)
Note: 1. Standard TLP doesn’t give first peak kind of pulse as IEC61000-4-2, so device failures during first peak can not
repeat TLP tests. VF-TLP can provide fast rise-time and short pulse to approach the event.
2. Standard TLP are based on 50 Ohm impedance, while other ESD model are based on different impedance
system so the voltage applied before device fully turn-on could be very different and cause different failure types.
22
23. Snapback Measurement of N-channel MOSFET
100ns TLP with <=200ps rise time, Overlap TDR measurement method was used
The snapback is due to Rdut has changed during the 100 ns pulse stressing
Typical TLP Applications
3. Test device TLP I-V curve to determine Safe Operation Area of Device
Snapback
24. Electrical Safe Operating Area of N-ch MOSFET
Safe operating area (SOA) is an important electrical property to understand the
ESD/EOS transient limitation of a component.
25. WHATISTLPTESTING?CONT’D
Typical Standard TLP Applications
4. Characterize device turn-on/off transient characteristic (the 3D waterfall plots)
e.g. ESD protection device react speed
5. Characterize device Charge recovery effects
e.g. reverse and forward recovery of diodes
6. Characterize device linearity under pulsed transient
e.g. capacitance changes over high voltage
7. Characterize device break down effects
e.g. Touch panel sensor traces sparking / fuse effect during ESD
8. Characterize saturation effects on common mode chokes and Ethernet magnetics
9. Measure the non linearity of capacitance of Multi-Layer capacitors
....
• Note, there are more system level applications of TLP will be covered in another PPT release in 2015 Q2,
please contact us if you needed it.
25
26. WHATISTLPTESTING?CONT’D
What is TLP Testing? Cont’d
• Very Fast TLP (VF-TLP)
• Commonly used for characterizing device Clamping Speed and Gate Oxide Punch Thru
• Pulse widths are very narrow (< 10ns)
• Rise times are at least 15% of Pulse Widths (100 ps to 500ps) at least? Or less than?
• A VF-TLP measurement setup (typically a low loss delay line with wide-bandwidth
voltage pick-up T, or a wide-bandwidth directional coupler or a pair of wide-
bandwidth direct I and V probes very closely positioned DUT, etc… ) is build so that the
incident and reflected pulses can be measured separately and precisely
• De-embedding of the cable loss is necessary and performed using frequency domain
techniques
26
Graph 6
A Typical VF-TLP Measurement Setup with Delay Line
27. ESDEMCTECHNOLOGYLLC
Ultra Fast VF-TLP Pulse
ESDEMC ES621 VF-TLP Waveform with 60 ps rise-time, 1ns pulse width
Measured with 18GHz Cable/ATT + 23 GHz/100Gs Scope Tek MSO 72304DX
28. • Use TLP to Check ESD Protection Circuit Peak Pass Through Voltage and
Clamping Voltage
• Peak voltage is the initial response to the pulse edge rate
• Clamping voltage is the output voltage when protection device fully turns
on and clamps
• Some sensitive device are sensitive to short time peak voltage (high E-field
strength), therefore both parameters are important to understand the
device sensitivity and design best ESD protection solution.
Peak
Clamping
What is TLP Testing? Cont’d
29. ESDROBUSTNESSTESTSVS.TLPTESTING
ESD Robustness Tests vs. TLP Testing (Pulse Shape Parameters)
29
HBM MM IEC (2nd Peak) IEC (1st Peak) CDM
Typical max
Peak V*
4000V 400V 8kV (contact) 2000V
Typical max
Peak I*
< 3A (short) < 7A (short) 16A (@30ns) 30A 30A
Rise Time* 2 – 10ns ~ns – 10ns ~ns 800ps < 200ps
Pulse Width* 130 – 170ns 66 – 90ns ~100ns ~5ns < 400ps
Pulse shape
compatible
with
Standard TLP Standard TLP Standard TLP VF-TLP VF-TLP
Typical
Failure
Modes
Junction
damage, metal
penetration,
melting of
metal layers,
contact spiking,
gate-oxide
damage 11
Junction
damage,
melting, gate-
oxide damage
11
Melting failure
Oxide punch
through
Gate-oxide
damage, charge
trapping,
junction
damage 11
* Typical values noted in each respective standard.
30. BENEFITSOFTLPTESTINGVS.OTHERESDTESTS
Benefits of TLP testing vs. other ESD tests
• Well Defined Consistent Waveform Shape
• Both circuit and waveform defined in ESD simulator standards are too
flexible (no impedance control for test path, 30% tolerance at only certain
time …) This cause ESD simulators to provide very different ESD test results
between different test sites. TLP pulse is very clean and consistent.
• Highly Repeatable Test Setup
• Fatigue from holding ESD simulator with hand leads to inconsistency setup,
vs TLP test with Jigs for mounting components give a more controlled test.
• Fast Automatic Test, Measurement and Report !
• Usually TLP test is done with full automation control of Pulsing, DC Leakage,
I-V Curve real-time update and automatic failure detection
• Important Device Behavior is recorded for ESD analysis and design !
• Many useful parameters can be extracted from TLP tests for device transient
behavior analysis, modeling and System-Efficient ESD Design (SEED).
However traditional ESD tests only generate pulse for P/F results.
30
31. TESTINGPROCEDURE
General Testing Procedure
• SOZL (Short – Open – Zener – Load) Calibration (only if change setup)
• Short and Open measurements provide Series and Shunt resistances,
respectively
• Zener and Load measurements provide Voltage and Current correction
factors, respectively
• This calibration should be performed every few months or if equipment is
changed
• Test standard for comparison
• Measure a well known device for comparison
• Reporting
• Pulse width
• Rise time
• Failure type, and level (DC Leakage, Fusing, Snapback)
• Pulse Level, DUT Voltage, and DUT Current at failure
• Dynamic Resistance if applicable
• Snapback (eSOA)
31
32. PURCHASINGCONSIDERATIONS
TLP System Configuration Considerations
• What applications you want to test with TLP ?
• Evaluate ESD protection devices performance (Compare Rdyn and Clamping speed)
• Evaluate ESD failure level of device and module
• Different pulse shape (TLP, HMM, HBM etc…) or pulse-width, rise-time might
needed, and wide range of current injection level (40A, 90A, 160A etc…)
• Evaluate Safe Operation Area
• A wide range of different pulse-width selection and injection level is needed.
• Touch panels breakdown and fuse sensitivity
• Differential Pulse injection and measurement
• What equipment will you need to configure ?
• Pulse generator – TLP / VF-TLP / HMM / HBM etc…
• Device probing method ? – PCB with SMA connector, IC test jig, probe station
• Single-end or differential Injection ? --- HV wideband splitter & Inverter
• Current and Voltage measurement method – direct probes
• Transient data capture – Oscilloscope (bandwidth depends on application)
• Bias and DC measurement -- SMU / Power Source / Picoammeter
32
33. TLPSYSTEMSCOMPARISON
TLP Systems Specification on Market
• Standard TLP System
• Recommend spec: 2 kV open voltage / 40A short current
• ESDEMC Standard TLP Solution currently provides up to 7kV / 140A, the highest
pulse injection and IV measurement specification in the world )
• Nearest competitors: 4kV / 80A, Others 2kV / 40A
• VF-TLP System
• Recommend spec: Injection level up to 1kV / 20A, with clean, fast and stable rise-time
(<=100 ps), very wide analogue measurement bandwidth (2.5 ~ 4 GHz) and advanced
digital frequency compensation
• ESDEMC VF-TLP Solution currently provides
TLP Pulse up to 1kV / 20A with 60 ps rise-time and up to 5 kV / 100 A with
200 ps rise-time
Measurement with up to 6 GHz analogue bandwidth measurement
capability plus all port frequency compensation algorithm using Network
Analyzer S-parameters
33
34. ESDEMCTECHNOLOGYLLC
World’s Top Specification TLP Dynamic IV-Curve Solution
2011 Beginner in IV-TLP Solutions
2013 Matching Top Spec System
2014 One of the best IV-TLP System
Specifications/Functions ESDEMC ES620/ES621 Other Brand Systems
Fastest Rise-time About 60 ps (World’s fastest) 100 ps, 200 ps
Longest Pulse-width 2000 us (1ms under development) 1600 us, 400 ns
Maximum Current Injection Level 160 A 80 A, 40A, 30A…
Standard 2D IV Curve Analysis Yes Yes
Advanced 3D IVT Curve Analysis Yes, currently unique No, need additional work
Voltage Measurement Methods Resistive Direct, Overlap TDR,
Non Overlap TDR,
Usually only 1 or 2 types
Current Measurement Methods Resistive Direct, Resistive Equation, Inductive
Direct, Overlap TDR, Non Overlap TDR
Usually only 1 or 2 types
Error Correction Methods SOLZ Correction, All ports S-parameters
compensation, Trigger timing alignment
SOLZ Correction
Differential TLP Pulsing and IV Test Yes, unique No
35. TLPSYSTEMSCOMPARISON
General FAQ for TLP testing ?
• How much does TLP system cost ?
• Most TLP system in the market current cost about 80 ~ 250 K USD
• ESDEMC provides ES620 Ultra-portable and low cost version system cost
about 40 – 100K from 2015 Q2 (only 1/2 of same specification system
from other vendors)
• ESDEMC guarantee to provide better capability TLP system at same cost
of other competitors
• Can customer use their equipment for TLP system configuration ?
• Most TLP system in the market doesn’t support wide range of instruments,
but ESDEMC TLP software designed with great compatibility in mind, you can
choose most equivalent instruments you had (Agilent, Tek, Lecroy, Rigol,
Keithley, etc…). You change instrument settings in few clicks or contact us if
you need support !
35
36. TLPSYSTEMSCOMPARISON
General FAQ for TLP testing ?
• What bandwidth is really needed for TLP testing ?
• This really depends on the IV measurement window you want to measure,
for most applications with standard 100 ns TLP, 200+ MHz bandwidth is fine
if you only check the 70-90% of 100 ns pulse window for Rdyn and pulse
failure level, even ESDA TLP standard require higher bandwidth.
• However if customer want to measure the device characteristic from the first
ns of the pulse injection, VF-TLP generator with very clean and stable edge
and 4~ 8 GHz oscilloscope is recommended.
36
37. TLPSYSTEMSCOMPARISON
Thank you !
• Please feel free to contact info@esdemc.com for questions about general ESD
test and applications, we are expert in this field and we like to help !
• We will keep updating this ppt and we offer FREE application consulting. We
also send out latest technical notes and sales promotion each quarter, please
email us if you like to subscribe.
• If you are interested, below are few slides about ESDEMC Technology LLC
37
38. A Start-up Business Specializing in the Development of ESD/EMC Solutions
and Customized HV/RF Designs from 2011, Located in Rolla, MO, USA.
ES/ESD
Solution
EMC Test
Solution
HV System
Design
RF System
Design
To be one of the best Commercial Solution Providers in the field,
by ESD/EMC Engineers, for ESD/EMC Engineers
39. ESDEMCTECHNOLOGYLLC
Development Achievements (2011.03 to present)
ESD/Transient
• World’s top spec Transmission Line Pulse System (TLP/VFTLP)
• World’s first Commercial Cable Discharge Event (CDE) System
• ESD Simulator, ESD Targets, Adapter Line
• Plus additional features…
EMC/ RF
• Microwave Material Characterization System (5-22 GHz)
• IC Strip TEM Cell (4kV/ DC-5.5 GHz)
• Wideband RF Amplifiers (Up to 40 GHz)
• Wideband Power Amplifier (4GHz/25W )
• Plus additional features…
Other Key Products
• Wideband HV Pulse Attenuator (Symmetric, 4kV / 3.5GHz)
• Oscilloscope ESD Protector (up to 6 GHz)
• HV Pulse Differential Splitter (1MHz to 2GHz)
• See website ESDEMC.COM for more products
41. Company Growth (2011 to 2013)
ESDEMCTECHNOLOGYLLC
Niche: Solutions by ESD/EMC experts, innovative & flexible, focused
on ESD/EMC design, analysis and debugging
Growth: 2010.09 Business setup in Founder’s home
2011.03 to now Group of 5 professionals
ESDEMC is strategically located in the same facility with the world’s largest
academia EMC research group MS&T-EMCLAB
About 40% each year
42. ESDEMC Group @ 2012 IEEE EMC Symposium
Oh, I have a
new idea ...
We are
growing … I can do
it …
We can
improvise…
Fredric Stevenson
Business/Technical
Development
Wei Huang
Founder/Owner
Chief Design Engineer
David Pommerenke
Chief Technology
Consultant
Jerry Tichenor
Design Application
Engineer
43. REFERENCES
References
1. Martin Rodgaard, 2007, ESD – Electrostatic Discharge, Retrieved Jan 13, 2015 from:
http://hibp.ecse.rpi.edu/~connor/education/Surge/Presentations/ESD_mr.pdf
2. ESDA/JEDEC Joint Standard for Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity Testing - Human Body Model (HBM) – Component Level,
ANSI/ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001-2010, April 2010.
3. ESD Association Standard Test Method for Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity Testing - Machine Model – Component Level, ESD
STM5.2-2012, July 2013.
4. ESD Association Standard for Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity Testing - Charge Device Model (CDM) – Component Level, ESD S5.3.1-
2009, December 2009.
5. International Electrotechnical Commission, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-2: Testing and measurement techniques –
Electrostatic discharge immunity test, IEC 61000-4-2:2008, 2008.
6. ESD Association Standard Practice for Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity Testing - Human Metal Model (HMM) – Component Level,
ANSI/ESD SP5.6-2009, September 2009.
7. D.C. Wunsch and R.R. Bell, “Determination of Threshold Failure Levels of Semiconductor Diodes and Transistors due to Pulse
Voltages,” IEEE Trans. Nuc. Sci., NS-15, pp. 244-259, 1968.
8. D.J. Bradley, J.F. Higgins, M.H. Key and S. Majumdar, “A Simple Laser-triggered Spark Gap for Kilovolt Pulses of Accurately Variable
Timing,” Opto-Electronics Letters, vol. 1, pp. 62-64, 1969.
9. T.J. Maloney and N. Khurana, “Transmission Line Pulsing Techniques for Circuit Modeling of ESD Phenomena,” 1985 EOS/ESD
Symposium Conference Proceedings, pp. 49 -54, 1985.
10. W. Simburger, “AN 210 Effective ESD Protection Design at System Level Using VF-TLP Characterization Methodology,” Infineon
Application Note 210, Revision 1.3, December 2012.
11. D. Byrd, T. Kugelstadt, 2011, Understanding and Comparing the Differences in ESD Testing, Retrieved Jan 14 2015 from:
http://www.edn.com/design/test-and-measurement/4368466/Understanding-and-comparing-the-differences-in-ESD-testing
43
44. REFERENCESCONT’D
References Cont’d
Graph 1 & 2: (n.a.), 2013, How to Select Transient Voltage Suppressors (TVS Diode)?, Retrieved Jan 13 2015 from:
http://www.completepowerelectronics.com/tvs-diode-selection-tutorial/
Graph 3 & 4: D. Byrd, T. Kugelstadt, 2011, Understanding and Comparing the Differences in ESD Testing, Retrieved Jan 14 2015 from:
http://www.edn.com/design/test-and-measurement/4368466/Understanding-and-comparing-the-differences-in-ESD-testing
Graph 5 & 6: Reference 10
Picture 1: Eric Puszczewicz, 2011, Electrostatic Discharge - ESD Basics and Protection, Retrieved Jan 13 2015 from:
http://www.slideshare.net/ericpuszczewicz/esd-basics-by-transforming-technologies
Picture 2: Ron Kurtus, 2015, Static Electricity Sparks, Retrieved Jan 13 2015 from: http://www.school-for-
champions.com/science/static_sparks.htm#.VLU51yvF9MY
Picture 3: K. Vermeer, 2011, Static dissipative ESD footware, Retrieved Jan 15 2015 from:
http://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/23107/static-dissipative-esd-footware
Picture 4: (n.a.), (n.d.), Anti-Static Design – ESD Protection, Retrieved Jan 15 2015 from:
http://www.ecs.com.tw/ECSWebSite/Product/Product_Detail.aspx?DetailID=1446&MenuID=17&LanID=0
Picture 5: (n.a), 2000, Maxim Leads the Way in ESD Protection, Retrieved Jan 15 2015 from: http://www.maximintegrated.com/en/app-
notes/index.mvp/id/639
Picture 6: T. G. Nagy, (n.d.), Effective ESD Transient Voltage Surge Suppression in New, High Speed Circuits, Retrieved Jan 15 2015 from:
http://www.compliance-club.com/archive/old_archive/020930.htm
Picture 7: P. Yu, 2010, Component Failure Analysis – Hermetic Packaging, Retrieved Jan 15 2015 from:
http://www.empf.org/empfasis/2010/Apr10/help-410.html
Picture 8: P. Corr, 2014, Laser Diodes: Laser diode operation 101: A user’s guide, Retrieved Jan 15 2015 from:
http://www.laserfocusworld.com/articles/print/volume-50/issue-03/features/laser-diodes-laser-diode-operation-101-a-user-s-
guide.html
Picture 9: S. Pefhany, 2014, FET Electrostatic Damage, Retrieved Jan 15 2015 from:
http://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/97605/fet-electrostatic-damage
44