The document describes the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, a questionnaire used to assess a person's daytime sleepiness. It lists 8 common situations and asks respondents to rate their likelihood of dozing off in each on a scale of 0 to 3, considering how they felt over the past week. The scores are then added up to determine overall level of daytime sleepiness.
Cardiac output (The Guyton and Hall Physiology)Maryam Fida
The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute is called cardiac output
Cardiac output = Stroke Volume X Heart Rate
Normal value = 5 Liters /Minute
Cardiac output = Stroke Volume X Heart Rate
The factors which regulate stroke volume and Heart rate are basically regulating Cardiac output
Volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in single systole; Normal Value = 70 ml/beat
Stroke Volume = End diastolic Volume – End Systolic Volume
So stroke volume is mainly controlled by
EDV
ESV
VENOUS RETURN: What ever blood volume returns to the heart, same is pumped forward through the Frank’s Starlings Law. According to this law 13- 15 liters of blood volume can be pumped out without cardiac stimulation.
DURATION OF DIASTOLE OR FILLING TIME: ventricular filling occurs during diastole, so there must be adequate ventricular filling time.
DISTENSIBILITY OF THE VENTRICLES: Normally ventricles are distensible to accommodate adequate blood volume. Infarction decreases the distensibility which decreases the EDV.
ATRIAL CONTRACTION: There must be adequate atrial contraction to have adequate EDV. If atrial function is not adequate then EDV will decrease.
E.S.V is basically CONTROLLED BY MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION
FORCE OF MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION: It depends upon the initial length of muscle fibers according to frank’s starlings law.
PRELOAD: The effect of EDV on initial length is called preload. So EDV also effects the ESV.
AFTER LOAD: Force of contraction is also dependant upon the resistance against which the ventricles have to pump
CONDITION OF THE MYOCARDIUM : It also effects the force of contraction.
AUTONOMIC NERVES : Sympathetic stimulation increases and parasympathetic stimulation decreases force of contraction
HORMONES: Catecholamines, thyroxine, glucagon, digitalis, calcium, increased temp, caffeine, theophyline increase the force.
Force decreases by hypoxia, acidosis, barniturates, procainamide and quinidine decrease the force of contraction.
Cardiac output (The Guyton and Hall Physiology)Maryam Fida
The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute is called cardiac output
Cardiac output = Stroke Volume X Heart Rate
Normal value = 5 Liters /Minute
Cardiac output = Stroke Volume X Heart Rate
The factors which regulate stroke volume and Heart rate are basically regulating Cardiac output
Volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in single systole; Normal Value = 70 ml/beat
Stroke Volume = End diastolic Volume – End Systolic Volume
So stroke volume is mainly controlled by
EDV
ESV
VENOUS RETURN: What ever blood volume returns to the heart, same is pumped forward through the Frank’s Starlings Law. According to this law 13- 15 liters of blood volume can be pumped out without cardiac stimulation.
DURATION OF DIASTOLE OR FILLING TIME: ventricular filling occurs during diastole, so there must be adequate ventricular filling time.
DISTENSIBILITY OF THE VENTRICLES: Normally ventricles are distensible to accommodate adequate blood volume. Infarction decreases the distensibility which decreases the EDV.
ATRIAL CONTRACTION: There must be adequate atrial contraction to have adequate EDV. If atrial function is not adequate then EDV will decrease.
E.S.V is basically CONTROLLED BY MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION
FORCE OF MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION: It depends upon the initial length of muscle fibers according to frank’s starlings law.
PRELOAD: The effect of EDV on initial length is called preload. So EDV also effects the ESV.
AFTER LOAD: Force of contraction is also dependant upon the resistance against which the ventricles have to pump
CONDITION OF THE MYOCARDIUM : It also effects the force of contraction.
AUTONOMIC NERVES : Sympathetic stimulation increases and parasympathetic stimulation decreases force of contraction
HORMONES: Catecholamines, thyroxine, glucagon, digitalis, calcium, increased temp, caffeine, theophyline increase the force.
Force decreases by hypoxia, acidosis, barniturates, procainamide and quinidine decrease the force of contraction.
Fluid management and Fluid Responsiveness in ICCU / ICU at ASMIHA workshop 2018Isman Firdaus
It is very important for cardiologist or intensivist to determined fluid overload vs loss fluid. Misconception of hypervolemic and hypovolemic state was very important.
The first of two workshops I've created for children in my class about probability. This is used as a rotation activity after I have done some teaching on it first.
Fluid management and Fluid Responsiveness in ICCU / ICU at ASMIHA workshop 2018Isman Firdaus
It is very important for cardiologist or intensivist to determined fluid overload vs loss fluid. Misconception of hypervolemic and hypovolemic state was very important.
The first of two workshops I've created for children in my class about probability. This is used as a rotation activity after I have done some teaching on it first.
To develop a logical, creative and clear mind....pptOH TEIK BIN
A Presentation of a selection of Puzzles, Brain Teasers and Thinking Problems to exercise both the mind and the Right and Left Brain. To help keep the mind and brain fit and healthy. Good for both the young and old alike.
Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.
ASMR (Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response)Alfa Ramirez
ASMR or Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response is an auditory stimulus that creates relaxation and a tingle sensation. I've completed an undergraduate research study on ASMR, stating four hypotheses. Here are the results of all the questions. I had a few flaws, but all will be better this go around. I will be studying ASMR further down the line. If you would like to know more feel free to contact me.
How are you doing on the path to enlightenment? This 10 question quiz is designed to help you understand your potential, and discover core patterns that could trip you up and reduce your optimum effectiveness as a human being
One thing constantly overlooked is pronoun antecedent agreement. This describes exactly what it is and how you should avoid that mistake in your writing.
This is the one that I use as example of planning the paper. The key to this slide is acknowledging the opposing side & addressing their concerns. That is what I want you to do in your papers.
In a nutshell, the InvestMaryland Program is the largest venture capital investment in the State’s history and now the funding mechanism for the InvestMaryland Challenge – DBED’s first $300,000 business competition!
2. 1
How likely are you to doze off or • Sitting and reading
fall asleep in the following
situations?
Answer considering how you felt
over the past week or so.
0 = Would never doze
1 = Slight chance of dozing
2 = Moderate chance of dozing
3 = High chance of dozing
3. 2
How likely are you to doze off or • Watching TV
fall asleep in the following
situations?
Answer considering how you felt
over the past week or so.
0 = Would never doze
1 = Slight chance of dozing
2 = Moderate chance of dozing
3 = High chance of dozing
4. 3
How likely are you to doze off or • Sitting inactive in a
fall asleep in the following public place (e.g.,
situations? theater or meeting)
Answer considering how you felt
over the past week or so.
0 = Would never doze
1 = Slight chance of dozing
2 = Moderate chance of dozing
3 = High chance of dozing
5. 4
How likely are you to doze off or • As a passenger in a
fall asleep in the following car for an hour
situations? without a break
Answer considering how you felt
over the past week or so.
0 = Would never doze
1 = Slight chance of dozing
2 = Moderate chance of dozing
3 = High chance of dozing
6. 5
How likely are you to doze off or • Lying down to rest
fall asleep in the following in the afternoon
situations? when able
Answer considering how you felt
over the past week or so.
0 = Would never doze
1 = Slight chance of dozing
2 = Moderate chance of dozing
3 = High chance of dozing
7. 6
How likely are you to doze off or • Sitting and talking
fall asleep in the following to someone
situations?
Answer considering how you felt
over the past week or so.
0 = Would never doze
1 = Slight chance of dozing
2 = Moderate chance of dozing
3 = High chance of dozing
8. 7
How likely are you to doze off or • Sitting quietly after
fall asleep in the following a lunch without
situations? alcohol
Answer considering how you felt
over the past week or so.
0 = Would never doze
1 = Slight chance of dozing
2 = Moderate chance of dozing
3 = High chance of dozing
9. 8
How likely are you to doze off or • In a car while
fall asleep in the following stopped for a few
situations? minutes in traffic
Answer considering how you felt
over the past week or so.
0 = Would never doze
1 = Slight chance of dozing
2 = Moderate chance of dozing
3 = High chance of dozing