The document discusses carbon dioxide (CO2) enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology and its potential application in the Permian Basin. It provides background on CO2 flooding techniques and their advantages. It then examines a case study of a CO2 flooding project in the Denver Unit of the Wasson oil field, noting that CO2 injection helped arrest declining oil production. The document estimates that CO2 EOR could potentially recover 100 billion barrels of oil in the US. It also discusses how next-generation CO2 EOR technologies could expand application, utilization of captured CO2, and storage potential to provide economic incentives for carbon capture and storage.

1. CO2 Utilization from“ Next
Generation ”CO2 Enhanced oil
recovery Technology
PRESENTED BY
SHUBHAM KUMAR

2. Carbon dioxide flooding
• Carbon dioxide flooding is a technique in enhanced oil
recovery(EOR).
• Carbon dioxide is injected into an oil reservoir.
• This process improves viscosity, and enhance oil recovery by
pushing trapped oil towards production well.
• It’s an environment friendly method, as it can also sequester
CO2 underground

3. Conti…
Researchgate.net

4. Advantage of Co2 flooding
Enhanced oil recovery(EOR)
Miscibility with oil
Improved sweep efficiency
Enhanced reservoir conformance
Economic viability
Carbon capture utilization and storage(CCUS)
Prolonged field longevity
Applicability of different reservoirs

5. Screening criteria for application of CO 2 miscible flood suggested by various
authors
Reservoir parameter Carcoa
na
(1982)
Taber & Martin
(1983)
Klins (1984) Taber et al.
(1997)
Depth (m) <3000 >700 >914 I. >1219
II. >1006
III. >853
IV. >762
Temperature (ºC) <90
Pressure (Mpa) >83 >103
Permeability (mD) >1
Oil gravity (ºAPI) >40 >26 >30 I. 22-27.9
II. 28-31.9
III. 32-39.9
IV. >40
Viscosity <2 <150 <12
Fraction of oil remaining >0.30 >0.30 >0.25 >0.20
from Gozalpour et al., 2005

6. from Gozalpour et al., 2005
Optimum reservoir parameters and weighting factors for
ranking oil reservoirs suitable for CO2 EOR.
Reservoir parameter Optimum values Parametric weight
API Gravity(°API) 37 0.24
Remaining oil saturation 60% 0.20
Pressure over MMP(MPa) 1.4 0.19
Temperature (°C) 71 0.14
Net oil thickness (m) 15 0.11
Permeability (mD) 300 0.07
Reservoir dip 20 0.03
Porosity 20% 0.02

7. Permian Basin CO2-EOR Case Study
• CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) utilizes captured emissions for
oil field storage, offering revenue to offset capture costs.
• Advances in "next generation" CO2-EOR could enhance applicability,
potentially surpassing CO2 stored volume compared to oil produced.
• The document explores novel applications of these technologies,
focusing on the Permian Basin with insights drawn from experiences
in North America.
• The study highlights global potential, indicating that applying next-gen
technologies, exemplified in the Permian Basin case, expands the CO2
utilization market and speeds up CCS (now CCUS) adoption. CO2-
based enhanced oil recovery, is already being implemented in the U.S.,
particularly in the oil fields of the Permian Basin of West Texas, the
Gulf Coast and the Rockies.
• CO2-EOR currently provides about 284,000 barrels of oil per day in
the U.S., equal to 6% of U.S. crude oil production.

8. • In 2010, a total of 62 million metric tons of
CO2 was supplied to EOR operations in the
U.S.
• Approximately 20% (13 million metric tons)
of this CO2 came from industrial sources,
natural gas processing plants, and
hydrocarbon conversion facilities (e.g., coal
gasification).
• By 2020,approximately 14 Mt of additional
CO2 supply will become available from
large-scale integrated CCUS projects in the
U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE)
portfolio.
Table. Significant Volumes of Anthropogenic CO2 are Already Being Injected for EOR
Permian Basin CO2-EOR Case Study

9. • A robust network of pipelines exist in the
Permian Basin that transports this CO2
from natural CO2deposits and gas
processing plants to the Denver City Hub,.
• IN addition, numerous new CO2 pipelines
have recently been placed on-line to
deliver CO2 to Gulf Coast and Rocky
Mountain oil fields.
• These include Denbury’s 320 mile Green
Pipeline along the Gulf Coast, Occidental
Petroleum’s new $850 million Century
natural gas/CO2 processing plant and
pipeline facilities in West Texas, and
Denbury’s Green Core CO2 pipeline
linking the Lost Cabin gas processing
plant and other CO2 sources in Wyoming to
Rocky Mountain oil fields. Fig. U.S. CO2-EOR Activity
Permian Basin CO2-EOR Case Study

10. • The graph is showing the enhanced oil
recovery (in barrels per day) from 1986 to
2012 in different regions: Gulf Coast/Other,
Mid-Continent, Rocky Mountains, and
Permian Basin.
• The graph shows that the Gulf
Coast/Other region had the highest oil
recovery over the years, reaching
over 250,000 barrels per day in
2012.The Mid-Continent region had
the lowest oil recovery, fluctuating
between 10,000 and 20,000 barrels per
day.
• The Rocky Mountains and Permian
Basin regions had similar trends, increasing
gradually from around 40,000 barrels per
day in 1986 to around 80,000 barrels per
day in 2012.
Graph demonstrate the Domestic Oil Production from CO2-EOR
Vello A. Kuuskraa et al. / Energy Procedia 37 ( 2013 ) 6854 – 6866
Permian Basin CO2-EOR Case Study

11. • The purpose of the Permian Basin CO2-EOR case study is to
provide the reader basic information by which to address the
question: “What does a successful CO2-EOR project look like?”
• CO2 injection into the Denver Unit of the giant Wasson (San
Andres) oil field began in 1985, helping arrest the steep drop in oil
production. Before the start of CO2-EOR, oil production had
declined from about 90,000 B/D to 40,000 B/D and was on pace to
decline to below 1,000 B/D in the next 20 years.
• After the initiation of the CO2 flood, oil production increased to
about 50,000 B/D.
• Today, twenty four years after the start of the flood, the Denver
Unit still produces at 30,000 B/D
Permian Basin CO2-EOR Case Study

12. Fig. CO2-EOR at Denver Unit, Wasson Oil Field
Permian Basin CO2-EOR Case Study

13. • Oxy anticipates recovering nearly two-thirds of the original 2 billion barrels in-place in the
Denver Unit after completing the CO2 flood, achieving a 20% oil recovery efficiency (400
million barrels).
• This process, along with primary methods and waterflood, results in high overall oil
recovery efficiency. The Denver Unit's CO2 flood will use over 100 million metric tons of
CO2.
• Across Permian Basin CO2-EOR projects, exemplified by Wasson (Denver Unit),
Occidental Petroleum foresees a net cash margin of $56 per barrel (before corporate taxes)
at a $100 per barrel oil price, factoring in royalties, operating costs, CO2 purchase, and
amortized capital. CO2 purchase (plus recycling operations) constitutes the largest single
cost item in the CO2 flood.
• Even with delay between investment of capital and the production of oil, the EOR case
study and the results from the other CO2-EOR projects in the Permian Basin show that an
economically favorable market exists for anthropogenic CO2
Permian Basin CO2-EOR Case Study

14. Fig. Permian Basin CO2-EOR Project Cost Structure
Permian Basin CO2-EOR Case Study

15. To make CO2-EOR a widely accepted way of managing carbon, four
key questions need to be answered.
• What is the size of the prize?
• Could CO2-EOR, like wind and solar, provide essentially net zero
carbon energy?
• How much of the CO2 used for EOR will remain securely stored?
• To what extent could CO2-EOR provide a market driven option
for CO2 capture?

16. • One-third of original oil is recovered with traditional methods, leaving a target
of 400 billion barrels for next-gen CO2-EOR in existing fields and 140 billion
barrels in residual oil zones.
• Globally, an estimated 5,000 billion barrels of "left-behind" oil could be
recovered economically through CO2-EOR, also aiding in CO2 storage from
industrial sources.
• In the U.S., the “size of the oil prize” for “next generation” CO2-EOR
technology is 100 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil, assuming an
oil price of $85 per barrel.
• CO2 price of $40 per metric ton, and a return on investment hurdle of 20%.
• To recover 100 billion barrels of oil using CO2-EOR in the U.S., a demand of
33 billion metric tons of CO2 exists, surpassing natural sources.
• This represents a 30 billion metric ton prize for CO2 utilization and storage,
equivalent to capturing 35 years of emissions from 140 GWs of coal-
fired power.
The Size of the Prize

17. Conti…

18. • In CO2-EOR, with a
common ratio of 1 metric ton
of CO2 stored for every 2.5
barrels of oil recovered, the
carbon balance is nearly
neutral. Special conditions,
like gravity-stable CO2
flooding, may even allow the
process to store more CO2
than the carbon content of
the oil, especially using CO2
that would have otherwise
been released
into the atmosphere.
Fig. 2. Integrating CO2-EOR and CO2 Storage Could Increase CO2 Storage Potential
Carbon Neutral Oil

19. • CO2-EOR operates as a closed-
loop system. Initially, around half
of the injected CO2 is trapped or
dissolved in the reservoir.
• The CO2 produced with the oil is
recycled—separated and reinjected
into the reservoir—with an
increasing portion getting trapped.
• By the end of the CO2 flood,
almost all purchased CO2 is stored
in the reservoir when the field is
closed under pressure.
Fig. 3. CO2-EOR Technology: A Closed-Loop System
A Closed-Loop System

20. • CO2-EOR creates a market for captured CO2, generating an estimated $1.2 trillion in revenues from CO2 capture and
delivery in the U.S.
• It also anticipates $8.5 trillion in domestic economic activity over 30-40 years with "next-gen" technology. Notably, 30
billion metric tons of CO2, originally destined for the atmosphere, would be permanently stored.
Providing Revenues for CO2 Capture

21. Overview of “Next Generation” CO2-EOR Technologies
Aspect of “Next Generation” CO2-EOR Brief explanation
Scientific Advances • Improved sweep efficiency and mobility control (reservoir
conformance)
• Advanced technology of reservoir surveillance (monitoring and
process control)
• More efficient contact and production of the reservoir’s remaining
mobile (and immobile) oil, Lowering the threshold minimum
miscibility pressure (MMP) for shallower, heavier oil reservoirs,
and Significantly increasing the volumes of CO2 injected and
efficiently used.
Integrated co2 capture Inclusion of CO2 capture from various sources like coal- and gas-fired
power plants, refineries, hydrogen plants, and coal-to-liquids facilities,
coupled with CO2-EOR utilization.
Expansion of Residual oil zones Application of CO2-EOR to residual oil zones (ROZs).
Offshore Deployment Deployment of CO2-EOR technology in offshore oil fields.
"Next Generation" CO2-EOR involves these key changes to optimize sweep efficiency, integrate diverse CO2
capture sources, extend to residual oil zones, and deploy in offshore fields.

22. Refrence
Kuuskraa, V. A., Godec, M. L., & Dipietro, P. (2013). CO2 Utilization from “Next Generation” CO2 Enhanced Oil
Recovery Technology. Energy Procedia, 37, 6854–6866. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.618
10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.618
Gozalpour, F., Ren, S. R., & Tohidi, B. (2005). CO2 EOR and storage in oil reservoir. Oil & gas science and
technology, 60(3), 537-546.
Thankyou.