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WATER - SOURCES AND
CHARACTERISTICS OF SAFE
AND WHOLESOME WATER
By-MR.ABHISHEK SHINDE
M.Sc.(Community Health Nursing)
Govt. College of Nursing, Nashik
The sources of
water are divided
into 3 categories
• Pure and clean
• Free from bacteria
• Water is light
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Surface water
• After reaching on ground the rainwater is called surface
water
• High level surface water- artificial lake, dam, natural
lake
• Low level surface water- pond, artificial ground water
tank.
• Rivers
Ground water
Sea water
Due to excessive salt, it is not potable
Characteristics of safe and
wholesome water
Water is basic need of life, without it
life is impossible. The qualities of safe
and wholesome water are:-
 Free from pathogenic organisms
 Free from harmful chemicals
 Pleasant taste
 Appropriate temperature and
colour
 Usable as domestic
Importance of water
• Water is largest component of human body. In absence of it
optimum health is impossible.
1. Individual and physiological importance.
a.Vital role in temp. regulation
b. Ingredient of blood
c. Used in excretion of waste
d. Cleanliness
2. Domestic uses.
Cleaning purpose
 Used in cooking
 Drinking
 Washing and bathing
3. Public
importance.
Road cleaning.
Drains washing.
Swimming pools.
Releases of
filter water-
 Bathroom
 Hospital cleaning
 Wash basin
 House cleaning
water
pollution
Define
• Water pollution is referred to as
presence of any substance that
change the natural quality of water.
And it causes harmful effects on the
human being, animal, and plants.
Water
pollutants
• Water is better solvent, so it dissolves substances in it. They
are –
 Pathogens
 Sewage water
 Animal and human wastage
 Nuclear waste
 Insecticide and pesticides
 Petroleum chemicals
 Fertilizers and dyes
 Soap and detergents
 Sediments
 Heavy metals
After pollution it
changing
substances
1. Physical properties
2. Chemical properties
3. Colour
4. Taste
5. Temperature
The sources of water pollution are divided into two parts
1. NATURAL IMPURITIES 2. ACQUIRED IMPURITIES
Natural impurities
a. Water soluble gases
b. Water soluble minerals
c. Vegetable impurities
d. Pathogenic agents, Inorganic impurities, .Dust etc
Acquired impurities.
• By human activities
• a. Sewage
• b. Industrial refuge
• c. Agricultural pollutants
• d. Physical pollutants- acid, radioactive substance
• e. Inappropriate social traditions – human, and animal dead
bodies, collective bathing
Water borne
diseases
Define
• When the human ,animals, or
plants are used unknowingly or
knowingly the polluted water
directly or indirectly , it produces
some infectious diseases.
Causes of water borne diseases .
Types of water borne diseases
Divided into two
I) Water borne infections:-
a. Viruses – viral hepatitis, polio
b. Bacteria – cholera , typhoid, diarrhea, dysentery.
c. Protozoa – amoebiasis ,giardia
d. Parasites – ring worm, guinea worm, thread worm.
II. Diseases due to chemical changes in water
a. Disease caused by toxicity of water By excess of nitrate,
fluorides, lead, arsenic, mercury.
b. Mixing of sewage water – intestinal disease,
communicable diseases
Methods of
water
purification
Before domestic use it is very important to purify the water
properly . It is done by 2 types
1.Small scale
2.Large scale
A. The purification on small scale-village level
 Sedimentation- 7 days
 Filtration
 Chemical disinfection.
i)Using bleaching powder
ii) Using chlorine tablet and solution
iii) Using iodine
iv) Using potassium permanganate
 Boiling
 Storing of purified water
B. Purification on large scale
a. Storage -10-15 days filtration – 99% pure
• i. slow sand filter
• ii. Rapid sand filter
b. Disinfection
• i. Chlorination of water by bleaching powder
• and chlorine gases
Thank you

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environmental health (water).pptx

  • 1. WATER - SOURCES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SAFE AND WHOLESOME WATER By-MR.ABHISHEK SHINDE M.Sc.(Community Health Nursing) Govt. College of Nursing, Nashik
  • 2. The sources of water are divided into 3 categories
  • 3. • Pure and clean • Free from bacteria • Water is light This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
  • 4. Surface water • After reaching on ground the rainwater is called surface water • High level surface water- artificial lake, dam, natural lake • Low level surface water- pond, artificial ground water tank. • Rivers
  • 6. Sea water Due to excessive salt, it is not potable
  • 7. Characteristics of safe and wholesome water Water is basic need of life, without it life is impossible. The qualities of safe and wholesome water are:-  Free from pathogenic organisms  Free from harmful chemicals  Pleasant taste  Appropriate temperature and colour  Usable as domestic
  • 8. Importance of water • Water is largest component of human body. In absence of it optimum health is impossible. 1. Individual and physiological importance. a.Vital role in temp. regulation b. Ingredient of blood c. Used in excretion of waste d. Cleanliness
  • 9. 2. Domestic uses. Cleaning purpose  Used in cooking  Drinking  Washing and bathing
  • 11. Releases of filter water-  Bathroom  Hospital cleaning  Wash basin  House cleaning
  • 13. Define • Water pollution is referred to as presence of any substance that change the natural quality of water. And it causes harmful effects on the human being, animal, and plants.
  • 14. Water pollutants • Water is better solvent, so it dissolves substances in it. They are –  Pathogens  Sewage water  Animal and human wastage  Nuclear waste  Insecticide and pesticides  Petroleum chemicals  Fertilizers and dyes  Soap and detergents  Sediments  Heavy metals
  • 15. After pollution it changing substances 1. Physical properties 2. Chemical properties 3. Colour 4. Taste 5. Temperature
  • 16. The sources of water pollution are divided into two parts 1. NATURAL IMPURITIES 2. ACQUIRED IMPURITIES
  • 17. Natural impurities a. Water soluble gases b. Water soluble minerals c. Vegetable impurities d. Pathogenic agents, Inorganic impurities, .Dust etc
  • 18. Acquired impurities. • By human activities • a. Sewage • b. Industrial refuge • c. Agricultural pollutants • d. Physical pollutants- acid, radioactive substance • e. Inappropriate social traditions – human, and animal dead bodies, collective bathing
  • 20. Define • When the human ,animals, or plants are used unknowingly or knowingly the polluted water directly or indirectly , it produces some infectious diseases.
  • 21. Causes of water borne diseases .
  • 22. Types of water borne diseases Divided into two I) Water borne infections:- a. Viruses – viral hepatitis, polio b. Bacteria – cholera , typhoid, diarrhea, dysentery. c. Protozoa – amoebiasis ,giardia d. Parasites – ring worm, guinea worm, thread worm. II. Diseases due to chemical changes in water a. Disease caused by toxicity of water By excess of nitrate, fluorides, lead, arsenic, mercury. b. Mixing of sewage water – intestinal disease, communicable diseases
  • 23. Methods of water purification Before domestic use it is very important to purify the water properly . It is done by 2 types 1.Small scale 2.Large scale A. The purification on small scale-village level  Sedimentation- 7 days  Filtration  Chemical disinfection. i)Using bleaching powder ii) Using chlorine tablet and solution iii) Using iodine iv) Using potassium permanganate  Boiling  Storing of purified water
  • 24. B. Purification on large scale a. Storage -10-15 days filtration – 99% pure • i. slow sand filter • ii. Rapid sand filter b. Disinfection • i. Chlorination of water by bleaching powder • and chlorine gases
  • 25.