This document discusses sewage collection and conveyance systems. It describes the two main methods of transporting wastewater - conservancy and water carriage systems. It also discusses factors that influence sewage flow rates like population, area type, and water supply. The document outlines different sewer classifications based on sewage type and layout. It lists materials commonly used for sewer construction and details various sewer appurtenances like manholes, catch basins, and flushing tanks.

1. UNIT-III
COLLECTION AND
CONVEYANCE OF SEWAGE

2. Sewage and sewer

3. METHODS OF CARRYING WASTE
WATER
• CONSERVANCY SYSTEM
• WATER CARRIAGE SYSTEM

4. QUANTITY OF SEWAGE
• Depends upon the consumption of water
• Consumption of water depends upon
Type of city
Climatic condition
Culture of the people

5. DRY WEATHER FLOW
• It is the total average discharge of sanitary
sewage in a sewer during the dry weather
• Factors that govern the dry weather flow
• Population
• Type of area served
• Rate of water supply
• Ground water infiltration

6. • Population - habits
• Type of area served – residential, industrial,
commercial
 Residential-thinly, moderately, thickly populated
Industrial - large factories, small factories
Commercial – shops, offices, hotels, public
building
• Rate of water supply- the quantity of sewage is
less than the quantity of water supplied
• Ground water infiltration – it is the leakage of
water into the sewer from the ground

7. VARIATION IN RATE OF FLOW OF
SEWAGE
• The seasonal maximum rate of flow may be
130
• The monthly maximum rate of flow may be
140
• The daily maximum rate of flow may be 180
• The variations are due to habits of the
people, climatic conditions, type of industries
etc…

8. CLASSIFICATION OF SEWER
• Classification according to type of sewage
 Sanitary sewer
 Strom sewer
 Combined sewer
• Classification according to layout
House sewer
Lateral sewer

9. Sub- main sewer
Main sewer
Intercepting sewer
Outfall sewer
Relief sewer
Depressed sewer

10. SHAPE OF SEWER
• CIRCULAR SEWER
• NON- CIRCULAR SEWER

11. NON- CIRCULAR SEWER
• Egg shaped sewer
• Box rectangular
• Semi elliptical
• Semi circular
• Parabolic
• Horse shoe
• Basket handle
• U-shaped

12. STORM WATER SEWERS

13. COMBINED SEWERS
• Rectangular shape
• Semi-circular shape
• U-shape
• V-shape

15. MATERIALS USED FOR SEWER
• Asbestos cement sewer
• Brick sewer
• Cement concrete sewer
• Wooden sewer
• Cast-iron sewer
• Corrugated iron sewer
• Stoneware sewer
• Steel sewer
• Plastic sewer

16. • Laying of sewer line
• Joints in sewer line
• Testing of sewer
Water test
Obstruction test
Straightness test

17. VENTILATION OF SEWER
• To avoid unpleasant odours
• To avoid poisonous gases and vapours
• To avoid air lock in sewer
• To relieve air pressure above or below
atmospheric, caused by sudden rise or fall of
sewage

18. METHODS OF VENTILATION
• Proper construction of sewer
• Proper design of sewer
• Providing manholes with gratings
• Providing ventilating columns or shafts
• Providing manholes with chemicals
• Providing unobstructed outlets
• Providing forced draught

19. CLEANING OF SEWER
• Breakage of sewer
• Clogging of sewer
• Odours in sewer

20. METHODS OF CLEANING OF SEWERS
• Cleaning and flushing
• Cleaning and catchpits

21. CHAPTER 3.2
SEWAGE APPERTENANCES

22. SEWER APPERTENANCES
• Man holes
• Drop manholes
• Lamp holes
• Catch basin
• Clean outs
• Flushing tanks
Hand operated flushing tanks
Automatic flushing tanks

23. • Grease and oil traps
• Inlets
Gutter inlet
Curb inlet
Combined inlet
• Strom regulators and weirs
• Inverted siphons
• Junction chambers
• Outlets
• Sewage pumps

24. TYPES OF SEWAGE PUMPS
• Air lift pumps
• Centrifugal pumps
• Pneumatic pumps
• Propeller pumps
• Reciprocating pumps

25. SANITARY FITTINGS
• Bath tubs
• Flushing cisterns
• Sinks
• Drinking fountain
• Urinals
• Wash basin
• Water closets

26. TRAPS
• According to shape
P-trap
Q-trap
S-trap
• According to use
Floor trap
Gully trap
Intercepting trap