The document discusses several topics related to health including:
1) The WHO definition of health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease.
2) Common types of diseases such as deficiency diseases caused by nutritional deficiencies, pathogenic diseases caused by pathogens, and hereditary and physiological diseases.
3) Specific deficiency diseases like scurvy caused by vitamin C deficiency and rickets caused by vitamin D deficiency.
4) Infections caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites and comparisons between viral and bacterial infections.
5) Respiratory diseases with asthma as a common example where airways constrict during an attack.
Signs are physical evidence of disease seen by doctors, while symptoms are changes experienced by patients. Diseases can be endemic, always present in an area, or epidemic with outbreaks brought under control. Chronic diseases are long-term illnesses not caused by pathogens that cannot be cured, only treated, and often worsen over time. Examples described include diabetes, obesity, heart disease, hypertension, and asthma. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas produces little insulin, causing high blood sugar. Obesity increases disease risk. Hypertension refers to high blood pressure. Heart disease involves blocked arteries. Asthma causes difficult breathing from swollen airways.
This document provides an overview of health and diseases. It defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Ancient beliefs held that health was influenced by four bodily fluids or "humors", but this was later disproven. Modern conceptions recognize the influence of genetics, lifestyle, infections and other factors. Diseases can be congenital or acquired, infectious or non-infectious. The immune system protects against disease through innate and acquired immunity. Vaccines help prevent infectious diseases by stimulating immune memory. Allergies represent inappropriate immune responses.
1) Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus and is transmitted via the fecal-oral route. It can cause minor illness, nonparalytic poliomyelitis with neck and back stiffness, or paralytic poliomyelitis with paralysis. Vaccination is the most effective prevention.
2) Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae and spreads through contaminated water or food. It causes profuse, watery diarrhea that can lead to severe dehydration. Oral rehydration therapy is the primary treatment.
3) Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi and spreads through contaminated food or water. It causes sustained fever and gastrointestinal symptoms
The document discusses various infectious and non-infectious diseases and disabilities. It describes how infectious diseases spread via direct or indirect contact with pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and parasites. It also outlines how the human body defends against infection through physical barriers, phagocytosis, antibodies, and immunity. Non-infectious diseases discussed include cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, arthritis, and various disabilities. Prevention methods like vaccinations, lifestyle changes, and legal protections are also mentioned.
Human Health and Disease discusses the concepts of health, disease, and factors that influence both. Key points include:
- Health is defined as complete physical, mental, and social well-being, which requires a balanced diet, exercise, shelter, sleep, and hygiene.
- Disease is a disorder of the body or mind that departs from good health, and can be caused by single or multiple factors. Diseases are diagnosed based on their symptoms.
- Diseases are categorized as physical, infectious, acute, or chronic based on their causes and characteristics. Infectious diseases spread pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites between hosts.
This document discusses water-borne diseases and their prevention. It notes that water-borne diseases are a major cause of death worldwide, spread through contaminated water. Some of the most common water-borne diseases discussed are cholera, typhoid, hepatitis A, and diarrhea. Prevention methods include access to safe drinking water, proper sanitation, hand washing, water purification, and vaccination. The document provides details on symptoms, transmission, and treatment for several specific water-borne diseases.
Diseases caused by bacteria and viruses to humanPrakriti Jhilta
This document discusses various diseases including their causative agents, symptoms, modes of transmission, and prevention. It covers infectious diseases caused by bacteria like cholera, tuberculosis, meningitis, botulism, pneumonia; and viral diseases like influenza, common cold, rabies, AIDS. It categorizes diseases as communicable, non-communicable, zoonotic, and inheritance-based. The cyclic nature of disease transmission is also explained.
This document discusses food borne infections, including common causes like bacteria (salmonella, E. coli), viruses (norovirus), and parasites. It outlines symptoms like diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. Six common foodborne illnesses are described in more detail: norovirus, salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, Campylobacter, E. coli, and Listeria. The document also covers diagnosis, treatment including hydration and over-the-counter medications, and prevention strategies like proper food handling and cooking.
Signs are physical evidence of disease seen by doctors, while symptoms are changes experienced by patients. Diseases can be endemic, always present in an area, or epidemic with outbreaks brought under control. Chronic diseases are long-term illnesses not caused by pathogens that cannot be cured, only treated, and often worsen over time. Examples described include diabetes, obesity, heart disease, hypertension, and asthma. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas produces little insulin, causing high blood sugar. Obesity increases disease risk. Hypertension refers to high blood pressure. Heart disease involves blocked arteries. Asthma causes difficult breathing from swollen airways.
This document provides an overview of health and diseases. It defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Ancient beliefs held that health was influenced by four bodily fluids or "humors", but this was later disproven. Modern conceptions recognize the influence of genetics, lifestyle, infections and other factors. Diseases can be congenital or acquired, infectious or non-infectious. The immune system protects against disease through innate and acquired immunity. Vaccines help prevent infectious diseases by stimulating immune memory. Allergies represent inappropriate immune responses.
1) Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus and is transmitted via the fecal-oral route. It can cause minor illness, nonparalytic poliomyelitis with neck and back stiffness, or paralytic poliomyelitis with paralysis. Vaccination is the most effective prevention.
2) Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae and spreads through contaminated water or food. It causes profuse, watery diarrhea that can lead to severe dehydration. Oral rehydration therapy is the primary treatment.
3) Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi and spreads through contaminated food or water. It causes sustained fever and gastrointestinal symptoms
The document discusses various infectious and non-infectious diseases and disabilities. It describes how infectious diseases spread via direct or indirect contact with pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and parasites. It also outlines how the human body defends against infection through physical barriers, phagocytosis, antibodies, and immunity. Non-infectious diseases discussed include cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, arthritis, and various disabilities. Prevention methods like vaccinations, lifestyle changes, and legal protections are also mentioned.
Human Health and Disease discusses the concepts of health, disease, and factors that influence both. Key points include:
- Health is defined as complete physical, mental, and social well-being, which requires a balanced diet, exercise, shelter, sleep, and hygiene.
- Disease is a disorder of the body or mind that departs from good health, and can be caused by single or multiple factors. Diseases are diagnosed based on their symptoms.
- Diseases are categorized as physical, infectious, acute, or chronic based on their causes and characteristics. Infectious diseases spread pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites between hosts.
This document discusses water-borne diseases and their prevention. It notes that water-borne diseases are a major cause of death worldwide, spread through contaminated water. Some of the most common water-borne diseases discussed are cholera, typhoid, hepatitis A, and diarrhea. Prevention methods include access to safe drinking water, proper sanitation, hand washing, water purification, and vaccination. The document provides details on symptoms, transmission, and treatment for several specific water-borne diseases.
Diseases caused by bacteria and viruses to humanPrakriti Jhilta
This document discusses various diseases including their causative agents, symptoms, modes of transmission, and prevention. It covers infectious diseases caused by bacteria like cholera, tuberculosis, meningitis, botulism, pneumonia; and viral diseases like influenza, common cold, rabies, AIDS. It categorizes diseases as communicable, non-communicable, zoonotic, and inheritance-based. The cyclic nature of disease transmission is also explained.
This document discusses food borne infections, including common causes like bacteria (salmonella, E. coli), viruses (norovirus), and parasites. It outlines symptoms like diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. Six common foodborne illnesses are described in more detail: norovirus, salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, Campylobacter, E. coli, and Listeria. The document also covers diagnosis, treatment including hydration and over-the-counter medications, and prevention strategies like proper food handling and cooking.
This document discusses various vector-borne and water-borne diseases, including malaria, dengue, scrub typhus, hepatitis A, E, typhoid, paratyphoid, and cholera. It describes the agents, vectors, symptoms, and prevention/control measures for each. Malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes and breeds in clean water. Dengue is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes breeding in stagnant water. Scrub typhus is transmitted by mite larvae. Hepatitis A and E are transmitted through contaminated water. Prevention focuses on water purification, sanitation, and vector control like larvicide use and habitat modification. Surveillance of cases and vectors is important to monitor outbreaks and assess
The document summarizes the differences in disease patterns between the rich and poor based on nutrition, hygiene, education, affordability of treatment, and access to medical facilities. It finds that the poor suffer more from infectious diseases like intestinal parasites and mosquito-borne illnesses due to poor lifestyle and environmental factors. Meanwhile, diseases of the rich include obesity, cancer, and stress-related illnesses due to excessive work, unhealthy diets, and lack of exercise. Overall, the document concludes that prevention through clean water, vaccines, exercise, and spiritual purification can help avoid disease regardless of economic status.
Poliomyelitis is a viral disease caused by the poliovirus that infects the nerves and can cause paralysis. It is transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals or their feces or respiratory secretions. While most infections cause no symptoms, some lead to muscle weakness and paralysis of the legs. There is no cure for poliovirus infection but vaccination has nearly eradicated it globally, except for a few remaining countries in Africa and Asia. Proper immunization is the best prevention against this disabling disease.
This document summarizes various topics in human biology related to disease. It discusses the types of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes, different types of diseases including bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic. Specific diseases like cholera, tuberculosis, AIDS, influenza, polio, and more are explained in terms of their causative agent, transmission, symptoms, treatment, and prevention. The roles of immunity, vaccines, incubation periods, and carriers are also defined.
This document provides an update on the 2010 flu season. It reviews the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, symptoms of the flu, why it can be life-threatening, flu vaccination recommendations, treatments, and prevention methods. It highlights that certain groups are at higher risk for flu complications, including the elderly, young children, pregnant women, and those with chronic health conditions. People exhibiting warning signs like difficulty breathing or persistent fever and cough should seek medical care.
This document discusses COVID-19, including what it is, how it spreads, symptoms, treatment, prevention, and the role of nutrition. It notes that COVID-19 is a respiratory illness that spreads between people within 6 feet through droplets. Common symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath. While there is no vaccine, maintaining hand hygiene and social distancing can help prevent spread. A healthy, nutritious diet with fruits and vegetables is also recommended to support immune function.
Serendib Herbal Diabe Tea is the only single origin herbal tea originating from Sri Lanka. We only use straight line tea from highland estates to guarantee exquisite flavour, quality, freshness and full bodied which is by Pure Ceylon Tea.
Serendib Tea Exports
162, "Viveca", Malamulla, Panadura
Sri Lanka. mail us on serendibtea@sltnet.lk or to make Dialog eZy payment
++94775335243, or hotline ++94718077147
Vitamins and minerals can help support the immune system's ability to fight COVID-19. Vitamin D helps regulate the immune system and may decrease risk of respiratory infections. Vitamin C aids immune cell function and formation of red blood cells. Maintaining sufficient levels of vitamins D and C through diet and supplements can help boost immunity during the pandemic.
This document discusses infectious diseases. It begins by explaining the different types of infectious organisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa) and how they invade the body. It then discusses how infectious diseases affect entire populations and the factors to consider when treating patients. The rest of the document focuses on the transmission and treatment of specific infectious diseases like tuberculosis, hepatitis A-E, and communicable diseases in general.
This document discusses several common communicable diseases: chicken pox, tuberculosis, mumps, measles, and flu. Chicken pox causes an itchy rash and can be prevented with vaccination. Tuberculosis is an airborne bacterial infection that affects the lungs and can be transmitted through coughing; prevention includes not smoking. Mumps causes swollen salivary glands and is most common in children ages 5-9. Measles causes a rash all over the body and can be prevented with vaccination. Flu is a short-term viral illness that occurs during cold weather and causes symptoms like fever, chills, and muscle pain. Prevention strategies for many of the diseases include vaccination, handwashing, and avoiding
This document discusses various diseases caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi. It provides details on the causative agents, target organs, modes of transmission, symptoms, and prevention for diseases like typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, malaria, amoebiasis, ascariasis, elephantiasis, and ringworm. It emphasizes the importance of personal and public hygiene for prevention of diseases through measures like proper disposal of waste, use of clean water and food, cleaning of water sources, and mosquito control.
This document discusses communicable diseases and how they spread. It defines a communicable disease as an illness that can be passed from one person, animal, or object to another. Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Pathogens can be spread through direct or indirect contact with an infected person, or through contact with a vector like an insect. The body has natural defenses against pathogens like tears, skin, stomach acids, and saliva. The immune system is the main line of defense, and vaccinations can help prevent the spread of diseases. Some diseases like STDs and HIV/AIDS are discussed in more detail.
Infectious and non infectious disease (AS and A Level Biology Chapter 10)shafiyyakaryadi
Malaria is an infectious disease transmitted through mosquito bites that causes symptoms like fevers and vomiting. It disproportionately affects Sub-Saharan Africa. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic, non-infectious blood disorder that causes red blood cells to deform into a sickle shape, which can cause anemia. It is most common in people of African and Mediterranean descent. Cancer is caused by abnormalities in cell growth and can be due to environmental or genetic factors. While treatments exist, there is no single cure. Zika virus is an emerging mosquito-borne disease causing mild symptoms like rash and fever. It originated in Africa and Asia and has no specific treatment.
This document summarizes several infectious diseases:
- Cholera causes severe watery diarrhea through ingestion of contaminated food/water and can lead to death from dehydration if untreated. Oral rehydration salts are used to treat cholera.
- Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria that spreads through the air. It is diagnosed through skin tests and microscopy and treated with a combination of drugs for at least six months.
- Diphtheria causes thick gray throat coating through bacteria spread by contact. It is diagnosed through exams and cultures and treated with antitoxin and antibiotics.
The document lists various diseases including typhoid, rabies, tuberculosis, cholera, jaundice, chickenpox, diarrhea, goiter, cancer, and polio. It then provides more detailed descriptions of typhoid fever, rabies, tuberculosis, cholera, jaundice, chickenpox, diarrhea, goiter, and cancer explaining their causes, symptoms, transmission, treatments, and global impacts.
Nutritional aspects of corona [covid 19]Apurv Charles
All necessary information regarding Corona Virus Disease and its "Nutritional Aspects".
I hope its useful in many ways for you .
The data has been compiled for research , educative , knowledge , awareness and study purposes.
Please let me know if you come up with new data regarding the topic.
#nutritional aspects #corona #covid19 #safetyMeasures #Precautions #CoronaVirusdisease
To know more about Corona Virus Disease please check out following links :-
1) https://www.slideshare.net/ApurvCharles/pregnancy-and-corona-virus-disease-covid19
2) https://www.slideshare.net/ApurvCharles/public-health-emergencycorona-precautions-and-safety-230796332
3) https://www.slideshare.net/ApurvCharles/corona-dead-body-management-covid19
Feedbacks are appreciated.
Thank you.
9th why do_we_fall_ill-chapter_notes by rachitmlpnkobji
- Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, while disease refers to the malfunctioning of the body or mind due to various intrinsic or extrinsic factors.
- Diseases can be classified as acute, chronic, congenital or acquired and communicable (infectious) or non-communicable. Common communicable diseases discussed include malaria, influenza, hepatitis, rabies, AIDS, tuberculosis, cholera, typhoid and diarrhea.
- Diseases spread through various means such as air, water, physical contact, vectors etc. Symptoms depend on the organ affected while treatment aims to reduce effects or kill pathogens. Prevention focuses on hygiene, nutrition, immunization while
The document discusses general signs and symptoms of diseases in fish. It covers bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic, nutritional and genetic diseases. For bacterial diseases, common signs include reddened or frayed fins, open sores, and rapid breathing. Viral diseases can cause gastrointestinal issues, sneezing, and weight loss. Fungal infections present as white or gray growths on fins and skin. Parasitic diseases are signaled by inactivity, loss of appetite, and visible parasites. Nutritional deficiencies result in issues like poor growth or eye problems. Genetic diseases exhibit symptoms depending on the specific condition.
This document discusses several topics related to diseases of the digestive system. It begins with an overview of gastritis, including its causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment. It then discusses gastroenteritis, including common causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and prevention. Finally, it provides brief summaries of hepatitis C, Wilson's disease, and includes references for additional information.
This document discusses several topics related to gastrointestinal diseases. It begins with an overview of gastritis, including its causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment. It then discusses gastroenteritis, including common causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Finally, it briefly discusses hepatitis C and Wilson's disease, providing definitions and key details about each condition.
This document discusses various vector-borne and water-borne diseases, including malaria, dengue, scrub typhus, hepatitis A, E, typhoid, paratyphoid, and cholera. It describes the agents, vectors, symptoms, and prevention/control measures for each. Malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes and breeds in clean water. Dengue is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes breeding in stagnant water. Scrub typhus is transmitted by mite larvae. Hepatitis A and E are transmitted through contaminated water. Prevention focuses on water purification, sanitation, and vector control like larvicide use and habitat modification. Surveillance of cases and vectors is important to monitor outbreaks and assess
The document summarizes the differences in disease patterns between the rich and poor based on nutrition, hygiene, education, affordability of treatment, and access to medical facilities. It finds that the poor suffer more from infectious diseases like intestinal parasites and mosquito-borne illnesses due to poor lifestyle and environmental factors. Meanwhile, diseases of the rich include obesity, cancer, and stress-related illnesses due to excessive work, unhealthy diets, and lack of exercise. Overall, the document concludes that prevention through clean water, vaccines, exercise, and spiritual purification can help avoid disease regardless of economic status.
Poliomyelitis is a viral disease caused by the poliovirus that infects the nerves and can cause paralysis. It is transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals or their feces or respiratory secretions. While most infections cause no symptoms, some lead to muscle weakness and paralysis of the legs. There is no cure for poliovirus infection but vaccination has nearly eradicated it globally, except for a few remaining countries in Africa and Asia. Proper immunization is the best prevention against this disabling disease.
This document summarizes various topics in human biology related to disease. It discusses the types of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes, different types of diseases including bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic. Specific diseases like cholera, tuberculosis, AIDS, influenza, polio, and more are explained in terms of their causative agent, transmission, symptoms, treatment, and prevention. The roles of immunity, vaccines, incubation periods, and carriers are also defined.
This document provides an update on the 2010 flu season. It reviews the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, symptoms of the flu, why it can be life-threatening, flu vaccination recommendations, treatments, and prevention methods. It highlights that certain groups are at higher risk for flu complications, including the elderly, young children, pregnant women, and those with chronic health conditions. People exhibiting warning signs like difficulty breathing or persistent fever and cough should seek medical care.
This document discusses COVID-19, including what it is, how it spreads, symptoms, treatment, prevention, and the role of nutrition. It notes that COVID-19 is a respiratory illness that spreads between people within 6 feet through droplets. Common symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath. While there is no vaccine, maintaining hand hygiene and social distancing can help prevent spread. A healthy, nutritious diet with fruits and vegetables is also recommended to support immune function.
Serendib Herbal Diabe Tea is the only single origin herbal tea originating from Sri Lanka. We only use straight line tea from highland estates to guarantee exquisite flavour, quality, freshness and full bodied which is by Pure Ceylon Tea.
Serendib Tea Exports
162, "Viveca", Malamulla, Panadura
Sri Lanka. mail us on serendibtea@sltnet.lk or to make Dialog eZy payment
++94775335243, or hotline ++94718077147
Vitamins and minerals can help support the immune system's ability to fight COVID-19. Vitamin D helps regulate the immune system and may decrease risk of respiratory infections. Vitamin C aids immune cell function and formation of red blood cells. Maintaining sufficient levels of vitamins D and C through diet and supplements can help boost immunity during the pandemic.
This document discusses infectious diseases. It begins by explaining the different types of infectious organisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa) and how they invade the body. It then discusses how infectious diseases affect entire populations and the factors to consider when treating patients. The rest of the document focuses on the transmission and treatment of specific infectious diseases like tuberculosis, hepatitis A-E, and communicable diseases in general.
This document discusses several common communicable diseases: chicken pox, tuberculosis, mumps, measles, and flu. Chicken pox causes an itchy rash and can be prevented with vaccination. Tuberculosis is an airborne bacterial infection that affects the lungs and can be transmitted through coughing; prevention includes not smoking. Mumps causes swollen salivary glands and is most common in children ages 5-9. Measles causes a rash all over the body and can be prevented with vaccination. Flu is a short-term viral illness that occurs during cold weather and causes symptoms like fever, chills, and muscle pain. Prevention strategies for many of the diseases include vaccination, handwashing, and avoiding
This document discusses various diseases caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi. It provides details on the causative agents, target organs, modes of transmission, symptoms, and prevention for diseases like typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, malaria, amoebiasis, ascariasis, elephantiasis, and ringworm. It emphasizes the importance of personal and public hygiene for prevention of diseases through measures like proper disposal of waste, use of clean water and food, cleaning of water sources, and mosquito control.
This document discusses communicable diseases and how they spread. It defines a communicable disease as an illness that can be passed from one person, animal, or object to another. Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Pathogens can be spread through direct or indirect contact with an infected person, or through contact with a vector like an insect. The body has natural defenses against pathogens like tears, skin, stomach acids, and saliva. The immune system is the main line of defense, and vaccinations can help prevent the spread of diseases. Some diseases like STDs and HIV/AIDS are discussed in more detail.
Infectious and non infectious disease (AS and A Level Biology Chapter 10)shafiyyakaryadi
Malaria is an infectious disease transmitted through mosquito bites that causes symptoms like fevers and vomiting. It disproportionately affects Sub-Saharan Africa. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic, non-infectious blood disorder that causes red blood cells to deform into a sickle shape, which can cause anemia. It is most common in people of African and Mediterranean descent. Cancer is caused by abnormalities in cell growth and can be due to environmental or genetic factors. While treatments exist, there is no single cure. Zika virus is an emerging mosquito-borne disease causing mild symptoms like rash and fever. It originated in Africa and Asia and has no specific treatment.
This document summarizes several infectious diseases:
- Cholera causes severe watery diarrhea through ingestion of contaminated food/water and can lead to death from dehydration if untreated. Oral rehydration salts are used to treat cholera.
- Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria that spreads through the air. It is diagnosed through skin tests and microscopy and treated with a combination of drugs for at least six months.
- Diphtheria causes thick gray throat coating through bacteria spread by contact. It is diagnosed through exams and cultures and treated with antitoxin and antibiotics.
The document lists various diseases including typhoid, rabies, tuberculosis, cholera, jaundice, chickenpox, diarrhea, goiter, cancer, and polio. It then provides more detailed descriptions of typhoid fever, rabies, tuberculosis, cholera, jaundice, chickenpox, diarrhea, goiter, and cancer explaining their causes, symptoms, transmission, treatments, and global impacts.
Nutritional aspects of corona [covid 19]Apurv Charles
All necessary information regarding Corona Virus Disease and its "Nutritional Aspects".
I hope its useful in many ways for you .
The data has been compiled for research , educative , knowledge , awareness and study purposes.
Please let me know if you come up with new data regarding the topic.
#nutritional aspects #corona #covid19 #safetyMeasures #Precautions #CoronaVirusdisease
To know more about Corona Virus Disease please check out following links :-
1) https://www.slideshare.net/ApurvCharles/pregnancy-and-corona-virus-disease-covid19
2) https://www.slideshare.net/ApurvCharles/public-health-emergencycorona-precautions-and-safety-230796332
3) https://www.slideshare.net/ApurvCharles/corona-dead-body-management-covid19
Feedbacks are appreciated.
Thank you.
9th why do_we_fall_ill-chapter_notes by rachitmlpnkobji
- Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, while disease refers to the malfunctioning of the body or mind due to various intrinsic or extrinsic factors.
- Diseases can be classified as acute, chronic, congenital or acquired and communicable (infectious) or non-communicable. Common communicable diseases discussed include malaria, influenza, hepatitis, rabies, AIDS, tuberculosis, cholera, typhoid and diarrhea.
- Diseases spread through various means such as air, water, physical contact, vectors etc. Symptoms depend on the organ affected while treatment aims to reduce effects or kill pathogens. Prevention focuses on hygiene, nutrition, immunization while
The document discusses general signs and symptoms of diseases in fish. It covers bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic, nutritional and genetic diseases. For bacterial diseases, common signs include reddened or frayed fins, open sores, and rapid breathing. Viral diseases can cause gastrointestinal issues, sneezing, and weight loss. Fungal infections present as white or gray growths on fins and skin. Parasitic diseases are signaled by inactivity, loss of appetite, and visible parasites. Nutritional deficiencies result in issues like poor growth or eye problems. Genetic diseases exhibit symptoms depending on the specific condition.
This document discusses several topics related to diseases of the digestive system. It begins with an overview of gastritis, including its causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment. It then discusses gastroenteritis, including common causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and prevention. Finally, it provides brief summaries of hepatitis C, Wilson's disease, and includes references for additional information.
This document discusses several topics related to gastrointestinal diseases. It begins with an overview of gastritis, including its causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment. It then discusses gastroenteritis, including common causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Finally, it briefly discusses hepatitis C and Wilson's disease, providing definitions and key details about each condition.
This document discusses several topics related to diseases of the digestive system. It begins with an overview of gastritis, including its causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment. It then discusses gastroenteritis, including common causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and prevention. Finally, it provides brief summaries of hepatitis C, Wilson's disease, and includes references for additional information.
It’s Flu Season. Learn How You Can Be ProactiveHealthcare
The document discusses the flu, how it spreads, symptoms of the flu, and ways to prevent it. The flu is a respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and sometimes lungs, affecting the body's ability to get oxygen. It most often spreads through droplets from coughs, sneezes or talking. High-risk groups who could experience serious complications include young children, elderly adults, pregnant women, and those with pre-existing medical conditions. Zinc, vitamin C, vitamin B6, copper, and probiotics are listed as immune-boosting nutrients that can help prevent the flu.
This document discusses different types of diseases including infectious, deficiency, genetic, and physiological diseases. It provides definitions and examples of each category. Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens like viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protists. Deficiency diseases result from a lack of nutrients in the diet. Genetic diseases are passed down from parents to children through genes. Physiological diseases occur when parts of the body malfunction. The document also discusses how diseases can be treated and prevented.
Scallop Consumption for Epididymitis Patients: A Delicate DecisionAmandaChou9
1. Epididymitis is an inflammation caused by bacteria that affects the reproductive system of young adults and can lead to discomfort if left untreated. Diet plays an important role in managing the condition.
2. Individuals with epididymitis should avoid eating scallops due to the risk of infection spread from their strong odor, potential for allergic reactions, and the spicy seasonings often used.
3. Prompt medical treatment including antibiotics or traditional Chinese medicine is essential for epididymitis in addition to dietary changes to prevent long-term urinary issues.
Immunodeficiency disorders involve malfunctions of the immune system that result in more frequent, severe, and long-lasting infections. There are two types - primary disorders present at birth due to genetics and secondary disorders that develop later in life from other illnesses, medications, or conditions like HIV. Symptoms include recurring respiratory, mouth, eye and digestive infections as well as fevers, weight loss, and enlarged organs. Diagnosis involves blood tests, skin tests, biopsies and sometimes genetic testing. Treatment focuses on preventing infections through vaccines and antibiotics, replacing missing immune components, and addressing any underlying causes.
The document discusses communicable and non-communicable diseases. It defines communicable diseases as those that can be transmitted between individuals through various means, including direct contact, vectors/reservoirs, airborne transmission, and indirect contact. Non-communicable diseases include chronic conditions like diabetes and heart disease that are caused by risk factors like lifestyle, environment, and genetics rather than infectious agents. The document provides examples of specific diseases that fall into each category and recommendations for preventing disease transmission and reducing risk factors through healthy habits.
Ch 08 - Human Health and Disease || Class 12 ||SAQIB AHMED
This document discusses health and diseases. It defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Factors that influence health include genetics, lifestyle, infections and environment. Characteristics of good health include being free from sickness and having self-confidence. Diseases are conditions that interfere with normal body functioning. Diseases can be congenital or acquired. Common diseases discussed include typhoid, pneumonia, malaria, amoebiasis and ringworm. Prevention methods include maintaining personal and public hygiene. Immunity against diseases can be innate or acquired. Innate immunity provides non-specific barriers like skin, mucus and cells that fight pathogens.
Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events, such as disease. It involves two main types: descriptive epidemiology which studies disease distribution, and analytic epidemiology which aims to explain disease occurrence and elucidate causal mechanisms. Epidemiology is a quantitative, applied science that focuses on groups using systematic and orderly observational methods.
Powerpoint Presentation of Why Do We Fall Ill? is a presentation about health, diseases, types of diseases, and list of 5 main diseases.
Hope you LOVE it!!!!!!!!!!!!
There are two main types of diseases: acute and chronic. Acute diseases like the common cold last for a short period of time, while chronic diseases like tuberculosis can last a lifetime. Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens and can be transmitted from person to person, while non-infectious diseases are not caused by pathogens. Infectious diseases spread through various means such as air, water, sexual contact, or vectors. The pathogens that cause diseases include viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and worms. Treatment focuses on reducing disease effects and killing the microbes causing the disease.
Chronic diseases are defined as non-communicable illnesses that persist for three months or longer and include a wide range of conditions such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, arthritis and asthma. Common chronic diseases account for most deaths in the US each year and result in lifelong medical costs and disability for many patients. Management of chronic diseases focuses on prevention, health behavior changes, treatment, self-management, and addressing healthcare access and disparities.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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Website: https://pecb.com/
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Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
1. WHO definition of Health
• Health is a state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity.
• “ good health means to be fit physically and
emotionally as well as being illness-free. When
one thing is off, our health is out of balance. In
order to have good health, we have to have
proper nutrition, stay active and take the time to
mentally take care of our body and emotions.”
2. Top 10 Reasons to Stay Healthy
• Live Longer
• Thrive Not Just Survive
• More Energy
• Avoid Disease/Illness
• Keep Medical Costs Down
• For your Kids and Grandkids
• Empowerment and Confidence
3. • Look Better
• Better Mental Health
• Better Married and social Life
4.
5.
6.
7. DISEASE
• A disease is a particular
abnormal, pathological condition that affects part or all
of an organism. It is often construed as a medical
condition associated with specific
symptoms and signs. It may be caused by factors
originally from an external source, such as infectious
disease, or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions,
such as autoimmune diseases.
• In humans, "disease" is often used more broadly to
refer to any condition that
causes pain, dysfunction, distress, social problems, or
death to the person afflicted, or similar problems for
those in contact with the person
8. TYPES OF DISEASES:
• There are four main types of disease:
• Deficiency disease
• Pathogenic disease
• Hereditary disease
• Physiological disease
9. DEFICIENCY DISEASE
• Deficiency diseases can be caused by insufficient
intake and usage of iron or protein, and there are
other diseases that occur when a person's diet
lacks or is too low in a certain vitamin.
• Among the most well known of these
are beriberi, pellagra, pernicious anemia,
scurvy, rickets, and osteo malacia.
• Generally, such diseases can be treated
successfully and even cured by ensuring that the
nutritional needs of the body are met on a daily
basis unless a person is fasting
10. Iron Deficiency
• An iron deficiency can result if a person suffers significant
blood loss, if a person has a diet poor in this mineral, or if a
person's body has a decreased ability to absorb iron.
• A common form of anemia can usually be prevented by
ingesting foods that are naturally high in iron, like legumes,
molasses, whole heirloom grains such as spelt, and leafy
green vegetables, preferably those that have been
organically grown.
• Certain groups of people, such as women of childbearing
age, have a higher risk of suffering iron deficiency. Among
the symptoms of this condition are fatigue, pain in the
chest and shortness of breath.
11. SCURVY
• Scurvy is a disease that affects the blood vessels, skin, and
the body’s healing process, resulting in anemia,
hemorrhaging of the skin, and gum disease (gingivitis).
• Scurvy occurs when your diet is deficient in vitamin C.
Scurvy is uncommon in the United States, and those most
at risk are older adults and alcoholics suffering from
malnutrition.
• Most people are aware that scurvy can develop if the diet
lacks ascorbic acid, or vitamin C. Eating fresh citrus fruits
and a variety of fresh, organically grown vegetables is all
that is required to prevent, treat or cure scurvy, which
rarely is seen in industrialized nations.
12. Protein deficiency diseases
• Protein deficiency diseases could be caused by
a person's failure to consume sufficient
amounts of high-quality protein, resulting in
abnormal growth and maintenance of tissue.
Wounds generally do not heal as quickly as
they should in these individuals.
13.
14. Pernicious anemia
• Pernicious anemia is a condition that can
develop if a person's diet is lacking in vitamin
B12, also known as cobalamin. Symptoms are
Common signs and symptoms of pernicious
anemia are:
– Feeling tired and weak
– Tingling and numbness in hands and feet
– A bright red, smooth tongue
15.
16. RICKETS
• The deficiency diseases rickets in children is defective
mineralization or calcification of bones before epiphysis closure in
immature mammals due to deficiency or impaired metabolism of
vitamin D, phosphorus or calcium, potentially leading to fractures
and deformity.
• Rickets is among the most frequent childhood diseases in many
developing countries. The predominant cause is a vitamin
D deficiency, but lack of adequate calcium in the diet may also lead
to rickets (cases of severe diarrhea and vomiting may be the cause
of the deficiency).
• Grains, fruits and vegetables, unfortunately, are poor sources of this
nutrient, which can be formed in the skin when it is moderately
exposed to sunlight. In some countries, such as the United States,
milk often is fortified with vitamin D to help prevent these
conditions.
17.
18. Beriberi
• Beriberi is a very serious disease Symptoms of beriberi
include weightloss, emotional disturbances,
impaired sensory perception, weakness and pain in the
limbs, and periods of irregular heart rate.
• Edema (swelling of bodily tissues) is common. It may
increase the amount of lactic acid and py ruvic acid within
the blood. In advanced cases, the disease may cause high
output cardiac failure and death. this can prove quickly
fatal in infants. It is caused by insufficient intake of vitamin
B1 or thiamine. Rich food sources of this nutrient include
whole grain rice, nuts and leafy green vegetables. In some
nations, white rice is fortified with vitamin B1 to help
prevent the development of beriberi.
19.
20. Pellagra
• Pellagra, a deadly disease, is caused by a diet deficient
or lacking in vitamin B3 or niacin. Symptoms include
diarrhea, depression, dermatitis, dementia, and finally
death. This nutrient is abundantly provided in whole
heirloom grains, nuts, seeds, bananas, figs, prunes,
potatoes and legumes. Diseases caused by a deficiency
of a nutrient, fortunately, usually are simple to treat
and cure by supplying the body with the nutrients that
it requires to maintain vital life functions.
21.
22. INFECTIONS
• Infection is the invasion of a host organism's
body tissues by disease-causing agents, their
multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to
these organisms and the toxins they
produce. Infectious diseases, also known as
transmissible diseases or communicable
diseases, comprise clinically evident illness (i.e.,
characteristic medical
signs and/or symptoms of disease) resulting from
the infection, presence and growth
of pathogenic biological agents in an
individual host organism.
23. • Infections are caused by infectious
agents such as viruses, viroids,
and prions,microorganisms such
as bacteria, nematodes such
as roundworms and
pinworms, arthropods such
as ticks, mites, fleas, and lice, fungi such as
ringworm, and other macro parasites such
as tapeworms.
24. Comparison of viral and bacterial infection
Characteristic
Viral infection
• In general, viral infections are systemic.
This means they involve many different
parts of the body or more than one
body system at the same time; i.e. a
runny nose, sinus congestion, cough,
body aches etc. They can be local at
times as in viral conjunctivitisor "pink
eye" and herpes. Only a few viral
infections are painful, like herpes. The
pain of viral infections is often
described as itchy or burning.]
Bacterial infection
• The classic symptoms of a bacterial
infection are localized redness,
heat, swelling and pain. One of the
hallmarks of a bacterial infection is
local pain, pain that is in a specific
part of the body. For example, if a
cut occurs and is infected with
bacteria, pain occurs at the site of
the infection. Bacterial throat pain
is often characterized by more pain
on one side of the throat. An ear
infection is more likely to be
diagnosed as bacterial if the pain
occurs in only one ear. A cut that
produces pus and milky-colored
liquid is most likely infected.
25. ALLERGIES
• An allergy is a hypersensitivity disorder of the immune
system.[1] Symptomsinclude red eyes, itchiness,
and runny nose, eczema, hives, or an asthma attack.
Allergies can play a major role in conditions such
as asthma. In some people, severe allergies to
environmental or dietary allergens or
to medicationmay result in life-threatening reactions
called anaphylaxis. Food allergies and reactions to
the venom of stinging insects such
as wasps and bees are more often associated with
these severe reactions. Not all reactions
orintolerances are forms of allergy.
26. Common symptoms
Affected organ
Nose
Sinuses
Eyes
Airways
Ears
Skin
Gastrointestinal tract
Symptom
swelling of the nasal mucosa (allergic rhinitis) runny nose, sneezing
allergic sinusitis
redness and itching of the conjunctiva (allergic conjunctivitis, watery
Sneezing, coughing, bronchoconstriction, wheezingand dyspnea, sometimes ou
feeling of fullness, possibly pain, and impaired hearing due to the lack of eustac
rashes, such as eczema and hives (urticaria)
abdominal pain, bloating, vomiting, diarrhea
27. RESPIRATORY DISEASES
• Respiratory disease is a medical term that
encompasses pathological conditions affecting
the organs and tissues that make gas exchange
possible in higher organisms, and includes
conditions of the upper respiratory tract,
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleura and
pleural cavity, and the nerves and muscles
of breathing. Respiratory diseases range from
mild and self-limiting, such as the common cold,
to life-threatening entities like bacterial
pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and lung
cancer.
28. • The study of respiratory disease is known
as pulmonology. A doctor who specializes in
respiratory disease is known as a
pulmonologist, a chest medicine specialist, a
respiratory medicine specialist, a respirologist
or a thoracic medicine specialist.
29. Some respiratory diseases
• ASTHMA
Asthma is a serious condition in which the small
airways of the affected person's lungs suddenly
constrict when they are exposed to certain triggers,
such as dust mites,pollen, exercise, or even dry air.
During an asthma 'attack', the person's airway lining
rapidly becomes inflamed and swollen, the muscles
around the airways tighten, and excess mucus is
produced as the body reacts to the trigger. This
reaction causes reduced airflow into and out of the
lungs, and the person has to gasp for breath.
30. • CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited, life-limiting disease that
affects the body's exocrine glands, which produce mucus, saliva,
sweat and tears. In CF, a genetic mutation disrupts the delicate
balance of sodium, chloride and water within cells, causing the
exocrine glands to secrete fluids that are poorly hydrated and
therefore thicker and stickier than fluids in people without CF. This
leads to chronic problems in various systems of the body,
particularly the lungs and pancreas, and the digestive and
reproductive systems.
• In the lungs of a CF patient, the thick mucus and the thinning of
the airway surface liquid make it nearly impossible for the cilia to
clear bacteria from the airway. This severely impairs the natural
airway-clearing processes and increases the potential for bacteria
to be trapped, leading to respiratory infections that may require
hospitalization.
31. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease (COPD)
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a generalized
term for a group of diseases that involve progressive narrowing of
the airways that service the lungs. This airway narrowing cannot
generally be reversed resulting in labored breathing and poor
oxygen transfer from the lungs.
• People with COPD have excessive mucus build up in their airways
and a chronic troublesome cough. The most common diseases
classified as COPD are emphysema, chronic bronchitis and
bronchiectasis. In chronic bronchitis, the airways become inflamed,
and the bronchial walls thicken. These changes and the loss of
supporting alveoli limit airflow by allowing the airway walls to
deform and narrow.
• COPD was responsible for 3 million deaths in 2005 and the WHO
predicts that by 2030, it will be the third largest cause of mortality
worldwide
32. Bronchiectasis
• Bronchiectasis is a progressive lung disease, affecting
600,000 people worldwide. It is often mistaken for
asthma or pneumonia and misdiagnosis is common.In
this disease the airway walls are chronically inflamed,
with poor clearing of the increased mucus production.
Chronic inflammation of the walls of the airway is
common to all types of bronchiectasis.
• Effects include:
Reduced lung capacity
Poor gas-exchange
Changes of the organisation of blood vessels
Overall increased blood flow through the lungs.
33. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES:
• Cardiovascular disease is a class of diseases that involve
the heart, the blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins)
or both.
• Cardiovascular disease refers to any disease that affects
the cardiovascular system, principally cardiac disease,
vascular diseases of the brain and kidney, and peripheral
arterial disease. The causes of cardiovascular disease are
diverse but atherosclerosis and hypertension are the most
common. In addition, with aging come a number
of physiological and morphological changes that alter
cardiovascular function and lead to increased risk of
cardiovascular disease, even in healthy asymptomatic
individuals.
34. Types:
• Coronary artery disease (also known as coronary heart disease and ischemic heart disease)
• Cardio myopathy – diseases of cardiac muscle
• Hypertensive heart disease – diseases of the heart secondary to high blood
pressure or hypertension
• Heart failure
• Pulmonary heart disease – a failure at the right side of the heart with respiratory system
involvement
• Cardiac dysrhythmias – abnormalities of heart rhythm
• Inflammatory heart disease
– Endocarditis – inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium. The structures most
commonly involved are the heart valves.
– Inflammatory cardiomegaly
– Myocarditis – inflammation of the myocardium, the muscular part of the heart.
• Valvular heart disease
• Cerebrovascular disease – disease of blood vessels that supply blood to the brain (includes stroke)
• Peripheral arterial disease – disease of blood vessels that supply blood to the arms and legs
• Congenital heart disease – heart structure malformations existing at birth
• Rheumatic heart disease – heart muscles and valves damage due to rheumatic fever caused
by Streptococcus pyogenes a group A streptococcal infection.
35. Hygiene
• Hygiene (which comes from the name of the
Greek goddess of health, Hygieia), is a set of
practices performed for the preservation
of health. Whereas in popular culture and
parlance it can often mean mere 'cleanliness',
hygiene in its fullest and original meaning
goes much beyond that to include all
circumstances and practices, lifestyle issues,
premises and commodities that engender a
safe and healthy environment.
37. • washing the body often
• swim or a wash all over the body with a wet
sponge or cloth will do
• cleaning the teeth at least once a day
• Brushing the teeth after each meal is the best
way of making sure that gum disease and
tooth decay are avoided
• washing the hair with soap or shampoo at
least once a week
38. • washing hands with soap after going to the toilet
• During normal daily activities, such as working
and playing, disease causing germs may get onto
the hands and under the nails. If the germs are
not washed off before preparing food or eating,
they may get onto the food
• changing into clean clothes. Dirty clothes should
be washed with laundry soap before wearing
them again
39. • hanging clothes in the sun to dry. The sun's rays
will kill some disease-causing germs and parasites
• turning away from other people and covering the
nose and mouth with a tissue or the hand when
coughing or sneezing
• If this is not done, droplets of liquid containing
germs from the nose and mouth will be spread in
the air and other people can breathe them in, or
the droplets can get onto food.
40. FOOD HABITS AND CLEANLINESS
• Food refers to anything that is eaten to provide energy
and keep the body healthy
• Nutrition education is very important in the life of
every human being. Think about what would happen to
you if you do not eat the right kinds of food over a long
period or if you do not know how to cook your food
well to get the necessary nutrients.
• Economic status refers to the amount of money you
have to spend that is whether you are rich or poor.
Your economic status affects your food habits because
the types of food you choose would depend on how
much money you have
41. • All ethnic groups have their own food customs. As
cultural groups develop over the ages they formed
their own living patterns which included food customs
• Food patterns are influenced by religious beliefs. What
foods people can eat or cannot eat have been dictated
by their religious beliefs. For example, Moslems do not
eat pork because Islam forbids them to eat it.
• Meal management practices include the skills you have
and the time and energy you have for meal preparation
and service.
42. • The kinds of food available to you usually are the foods
you eat. Even though food may be imported from
other countries, most people depend on locally grown
food products for their basic or staple food
• Government policies, transportation systems and
technology
These also have effect on availability of food. Some
government policies affect the supply and price of
food. Governments also import or export food which
have some effect on the prices of these foods.
43. SOME GOOD FOOD HABITS ARE;
• 1 Always eat breakfast
• 2 Eat your fruit and veg
• 3 Take time to shop each week
• 4 Walk for 10,000 steps or exercise for an hour
each day
• 5 Sit down at the table to eat
• 6 Always carry a protein-rich snack with you
• 7 Have a green tea after meals
44. • 8 Always carry a water bottle
• 9 Choose wholegrain, low-GI bread and
breakfast cereal
• 10 Always eat carbohydrates and proteins
together
45. Cleanliness
• Cleanliness is both the abstract state of being
clean and free from dirt, and the process of
achieving and maintaining that state.
• Cleanliness may be endowed with a moral
quality, as indicated by
the aphorism "cleanliness is next
to godliness," and may be regarded as
contributing to other ideals such
as health and beauty