Environment management concept, Environment management system model, sustainable development, environmental policy, environmental policy of Bangladesh, Environmental Conservation Act 1997, Bangladesh Environmental Act, Trends in Environment management System, Environmental Clearance Certificate, ECC

1. Priodeep Chowdhury; Lecturer; Dept. of CEE; Uttara University.//Environmental Management
Environment Management Concept
Definition
 It’s an attempt to control human impact on and interaction with the environment in
order to preserve natural resources
 Environmental management focuses on the improvement of human welfare for
present and future generations.
 Administrative functions that develop, implement, and monitor the environmental
policy of an organization.
Environmental Management System
 An Environmental Management System (EMS) is a set of processes and practices that
enable an organization to reduce its environmental impacts and increase its operating
efficiency.
 It includes the
organizational structure,
planning and resources for
developing, implementing
and maintaining policy for
environmental protection.
 An EMS is really just a
formal planning tool to help
an organization organize
priorities and pursue goals.
 It focuses mainly on continual improvement of the system.
 Provides a systematic way of managing an organization’s environmental affairs.
 An effective EMS means:
 Supports a variety of goals
 Ensures the impact “owner” is responsible
 Is in harmony with mission
 Recognizes continual improvement

2. Priodeep Chowdhury; Lecturer; Dept. of CEE; Uttara University.//Environmental Management
The EMS Model
Plan-Do-Check-Act
Fig: EMS Model (Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle)
Policy
 An environmental policy defines our organization’s commitment to the
environment through continual improvement in environmental performance.
 A strong, clear environmental policy can serve as a starting point for developing
our EMS.
 The policy should be evaluated regularly and modified to reflect changing
environmental priorities.

3. Priodeep Chowdhury; Lecturer; Dept. of CEE; Uttara University.//Environmental Management
Planning
In the planning phase of EMS, we will identify impacts the environment, and determine
which of those impacts are significant, set objectives and targets to minimize
environmental impacts and improve environmental performance, and establish action
plans to meet the objectives and targets. EMS consists of:
– Environmental Impacts and Aspects
– Compliance
– Objectives and Targets
Environmental Impacts and Aspects
According to ISO 14001 definitions:
• An aspect is an element of an organization’s activities, products, or services that
can interact with the environment.
• An impact is any change to the environment…wholly or partially resulting from
an organization’s activities, products, or services.
Compliance
• All EMSs must address compliance with applicable environmental regulations.
• To comply with the laws and regulations we must know what the regulations are
and implement procedures and install equipment to comply with those regulations.
Objectives and Targets
• An objective is a goal that is consistent with environmental policy, priority
environmental aspects and impacts, and applicable environmental regulations.
• A target is a more detailed performance goal related to and supporting a specific
objective.
• Specific targets must be met to achieve an objective of an EMS.
• The objectives and targets will drive many other EMS elements, particularly
measurement and monitoring activities.
Implementation & Control
The implementation phase of EMS involves systematically executing plans.

4. Priodeep Chowdhury; Lecturer; Dept. of CEE; Uttara University.//Environmental Management
Review & Improvement
Regular reviews are key to continual improvement and to ensuring that EMS will
continue to meet needs over time.
Trends in Environmental Management
 Impact Assessment and Planning (IAP)
Assessing environmental and social impacts prior to setting up operations and obtaining
environmental approval from the authorities is almost mandatory in most project
categories. IAP may be required not only for newly constructed facilities, but also for
new operations that will be housed in an existing building.
 Environmental Liability and Clean-up
Foreign investment has resulted in heightened scrutiny of current and historic
environmental liabilities associated with property transactions in Bangladesh.
 Sustainability and Regulatory Compliance
The increasing desire of Bangladeshi companies to meet world class standards has caused
established companies in India to take on sustainability initiatives as a means of
improving their global brand and reputation.
 Climate Change
While Bangladesh still lags the West in coming up with concrete regulations based on the
development versus environment debate, there is an increasing awareness in Bangladesh
that climate change is not about scoring points but about the existence of entire
communities inside and outside of Bangladesh.
Sustainable Development
 Is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the
environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for
generations to come.
 The development initiatives are to be initiated in such a way that the future
generations can enjoy the benefits of Nature without any compromise.
 Using the resources to the extent to which it is sustained.

5. Priodeep Chowdhury; Lecturer; Dept. of CEE; Uttara University.//Environmental Management
 Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a proposed set of targets relating to
future international development. They are to replace the Millennium Development
Goals once they expire at the end of 2015. The SDGs were first formally discussed at
the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development held in Rio de Janeiro in
June 2012 (Rio+20).
On 19 July 2014, the UN General Assembly's Open Working Group on Sustainable
Development Goals (OWG) forwarded a proposal for the SDGs to the Assembly. The
proposal contained 17 goals with 169 targets covering a broad range of sustainable
development issues. These included ending poverty and hunger, improving health and
education, making cities more sustainable, combating climate change, and protecting
oceans and forests. On 4 December 2014, the UN General Assembly accepted the
Secretary-General's Synthesis Report which stated that the agenda for the post-2015 SDG
process would be based on the OWG proposals.

6. Priodeep Chowdhury; Lecturer; Dept. of CEE; Uttara University.//Environmental Management
As of March 2015, there were 17 proposed goals:
1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere
2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable
agriculture
3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning
opportunities for all
5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive
employment and decent work for all
9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization
and foster innovation
10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable
development
15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably
manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and
halt biodiversity loss
16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide
access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at
all levels
17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for
sustainable development

7. Priodeep Chowdhury; Lecturer; Dept. of CEE; Uttara University.//Environmental Management
Environmental Policy
An environmental policy may be defined as the statement of intentions and principles,
which provides a framework for action and for setting of environmental objectives and
goals.
Policies are broad-based, outlining key objectives and aspects of the overall
environmental program. For implementation of policies, procedures, guidelines and
regulations are formed. Most environmental policies are formulated based on some
guiding principles such as those proposed by the two UN conferences:
1972 conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm
1992 ‘Earth Summit’ held in Rio De Janeiro
Formulation of Environment
The guiding principles primarily deal with the following issues:
 Protection of biosphere
 Sustainable use of natural resources
 Reduction and disposal of wastes
 Energy conservation
 Risk reduction
 Safe products and services
 Environmental restoration
 Informing the people
 Management commitment and
 Assessment
Key elements of the Environment Policy are :
Maintenance of the ecological balance and overall progress and development of the
country through protection and improvement of the environment.
Protection of the country against natural disasters.
Identification and regulation of all types of activities which pollute and degrade the
environment.
Ensuring proper Environment Impact Assessment prior to undertaking of industrial
and other development projects.
Ensuring sustainable use of all natural resources.

8. Priodeep Chowdhury; Lecturer; Dept. of CEE; Uttara University.//Environmental Management
The Bangladesh Environmental Policy, 1992
Objectives:
 To maintain ecological balance and overall development through protection and
improvement of the environment
 To protect the country against natural disasters
 To identify and regulate activities which pollute and degrade the environment
 To ensure environmentally sound development in all sectors
 To ensure sustainable, long-term and environmentally sound use of national
resources
 To actively remain associated with all the international environmental initiatives to
the maximum possible extent
Sectors
Policies were formulated for 15 different sectors:
1. Agriculture
2. Industry
3. Health and sanitation
4. Energy and fuel
5. Water development, flood control and irrigation
6. Land
7. Forest, wildlife and biodiversity
8. Fisheries and livestock
9. Food
10. Coastal and marine environment
11. Transport and communication
12. Housing and urbanization
13. Population
14. Education and public awareness
15. Science, technology and research
Legal framework proposed:
Amend all laws to meet the present day needs
Frame new laws in all sectors necessary to control pollution and degradation
Ensure implementation of laws and create public awareness
Ratify all concerned international laws/conventions/protocols and modify existing
national laws in line with ratified international laws

9. Priodeep Chowdhury; Lecturer; Dept. of CEE; Uttara University.//Environmental Management
Institutional Arrangements considered
Ministry of Environment and Forest to coordinate the policy implementation
A National Environment Committee chaired by head of govt. to give overall
direction
MoEF will perform timely amendments on the backdrop of changing state of
environment and socio-economic another needs of the country
Department of Environment will review/approve all EIAs
Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act 1995
Introduced by the Govt. as the Environment Conservation Bill in the parliament in
1994 to prevent the escalation of pollution problems in the country and recognizing the
importance of environmental protection and sound management practice for long-term
sustainable development. Enacted by the parliament in 1995 as Environment
Conservation Act through gazette notification repealing the earlier Environment Pollution
Control Ordinance 1977.
Basic features:
First to address the environment in a comprehensive way
Establishment of the Department of Environment (DoE)
Environmental Clearance Certificate
Power to make Rules
Legal Action
Good faith clause
Providing substantive and procedural provisions
Declaration of ecologically critical area
Declaring an Ecologically Critical
The following factors to be taken into consideration:
 Human habitat
 Ancient monument
 Archeological site
 Forest sanctuary
 National Park
 Game Reserve
 Wild animals habitat
 Wetland
 Mangrove

10. Priodeep Chowdhury; Lecturer; Dept. of CEE; Uttara University.//Environmental Management
 Forest area
 Biodiversity of the relevant area etc.
Environmental Clearance
Both new and existing projects/industries are given environmental clearance based on
their respective classification:
-Need to apply to the respective Divisional Administrator of the DoE in prescribed form
with appropriate fees and necessary documents
-May appeal, if rejected
-Must renew the clearance certificate after a certain period
(A) GREEN Category
1. Assembling and manufacturing of TV, Radio, etc.
2. Assembling and manufacturing of clocks and watches.
3. Assembling of telephones.
4. Assembling and manufacturing of toys (plastic made items excluded).
5. Book-binding.
6. Rope and mats (made of cotton, jute and artificial fibers).
7. Photography (movie and x-ray excluded).
8. Production of artificial leather goods.
9. Assembling of motorcycles, bicycles and toy cycles.
10. Assembling of scientific and mathematical instruments (excluding manufacturing).
11. Musical instruments.
12. Sports goods (excluding plastic made items).
13. Tea packaging (excluding processing).
14. Re-packing of milk powder (excluding production).
15. Bamboo and cane goods.
16. Artificial flower (excluding plastic made items).
17. Pen and ball-pen.
18. Gold ornaments (excluding production) (shops only).
19. Candle.
20. Medical and surgical instrument (excluding production).
21. Factory for production of cork items (excluding metalic items).
22. Laundry (excluding washing).

11. Priodeep Chowdhury; Lecturer; Dept. of CEE; Uttara University.//Environmental Management
Foot Notes:
(a) Units of all kinds of cottage industries other than those listed in this Schedule shall
remain outside the purview of Environmental Clearance Certificate (Unit of cottage
industry means all industrial units producing goods or services in which by full-time or
part-time labor of family members are engaged and the capital investment of which does
not exceed Taka 5 (five) hundred thousand).
(b) No industrial unit listed in this Schedule shall be located in any residential area.
(c) Industrial units shall preferably be located in areas declared as industrial zones or in
areas where there is concentration of industries or in vacant areas.
(d) Industrial units likely to produce sound, smoke, odor beyond permissible limit shall
not be acceptable in commercial areas.
(B) ORANGE-A Category
1. Dairy Farm, 10 (ten) cattle heads or below in urban areas and 25 cattle heads or below
in rural areas.
2. Poultry (up to 250 in urban areas and up to 1000 in rural areas).
3. Grinding/husking of wheat, rice, turmeric, pepper, pulses (up to 20 Horse Power).
4. Weaving and handloom.
5. Production of shoes and leather goods (capital up to 5 hundred thousand Taka).
6. Saw mill/wood sawing.
7. Furniture of wood/iron, aluminum, etc.,(capital up to 5 hundred thousand Taka).
8. Printing Press.
9. Plastic & rubber goods (excluding PVC).
10. Restaurant.
11. Cartoon/box manufacturing/printing packaging.
12. Cinema Hall.
13. Dry-cleaning.
14. Production of artificial leather goods (capital up to 5 hundred thousand Taka).
15. Sports goods.
16. Production of salt (capital up to 10 hundred thousand Taka).
17. Agricultural machinery and equipment.
18. Industrial machinery and equipment.
19. Production of gold ornaments.
20. Pin, U Pin.
21. Frames of spectacles.
22. Comb.
23. Production of utensils and souvenirs of brass and bronze.
24. Factory for production of biscuit and bread (capital up to 5 hundred thousand Taka).
25. Factory for production of chocolate and lozenge. (Capital up to 5 hundred thousand
Taka).
26. Manufacturing of wooden water vessels.

12. Priodeep Chowdhury; Lecturer; Dept. of CEE; Uttara University.//Environmental Management
(C) ORANGE-B Category
1. PVC items.
2. Artificial fiber (raw material).
3. Glass factory.
4. Life saving drug (applicable to formulation only).
5. Edible oil.
6. Tar.
7. Jute mill.
8. Hotel, multi-storied commercial & apartment building.
9. Casting.
10. Aluminum products.
11. Glue (excluding animal glue).
12. Bricks/tiles.
13. Lime.
14. Plastic products.
15. Processing and bottling of drinking water and carbonated drinks.
16. Galvanizing.
17. Perfumes, cosmetics.
18. Flour (large).
19. Carbon rod.
20. Stone grinding, cutting, and polishing.
21. Processing fish, meat, and food.
22. Printing and writing ink.
23. Animal feed.
24. Ice-cream.
25. Clinic and pathological lab.
26. Utensils made of clay and china clay/sanitary wares (ceramics).
27. Processing of prawns & shrimps.
28. Water purification plant.
29. Metal utensils/spoons etc.
30. Sodium silicate.
31. Matches.
32. Starch and glucose.
33. Animal feed.
34. Automatic rice mill.
35. Assembling of motor vehicles.
36. Manufacturing of wooden vessel.
37. Photography (activities related to production of films for movie and x-ray).
38. Tea processing.
39. Production of powder milk/condensed milk/dairy.
40. Re-rolling.
41. Wood treatment.

13. Priodeep Chowdhury; Lecturer; Dept. of CEE; Uttara University.//Environmental Management
42. Soap.
43. Repairing of refrigerators.
44. Repairing of metal vessel.
45. Engineering works (up to 10 hundred thousand Taka capital.)
46. Spinning mill.
47. Electric cable.
48. Cold storage.
49. Tire re-treading.
50. Motor vehicles repairing works (up to 10 hundred thousand Taka capital).
51. Cattle farm: above 10 (ten) numbers in urban area, and above 25 (twenty five)
numbers in rural area.
52. Poultry: Number of birds above 250 (two hundred fifty) in urban area and above 1000
(one thousand) in rural area.
53. Grinding/husking wheat, rice, turmeric, chilly, pulses – machine above 20 Horse
Power.
54. Production of shoes and leather goods, above 5(five) hundred thousand Taka capital.
55. Furniture of wood/iron, aluminum, etc., above 5(five) hundred thousand Taka capital.
56. Production of artificial leather goods, above 5(five) hundred thousand Taka capital.
57. Salt production, above 10(ten) hundred thousand Taka capital.
58. Biscuit and bread factory, above 5 (five) hundred thousand Taka capital.
59. Factory for production of chocolate and lozenge, above 5(five) hundred thousand
Taka capital.
60. Garments and sweater production.
61. Fabric washing.
62. Power loom.
63. Construction, re-construction and extension of road (feeder road, local road).
64. Construction, re-construction and extension of bridge (length below 100 meters).
65. Public toilet.
66. Ship-breaking.
67. G.I. Wire.
68. Assembling batteries.
69. Dairy and food.
Foot Notes:
(a) No industrial unit included in this list shall be located in any residential
area.
(b) Industrial units shall preferably be located in areas declared as industrial
zones or in areas where there is concentration of industries or in vacant areas.
(c) Industrial units likely to produce sound, smoke, odor beyond permissible limit shall
not be acceptable in commercial areas.

14. Priodeep Chowdhury; Lecturer; Dept. of CEE; Uttara University.//Environmental Management
(D) RED Category
1. Tannery.
2. Formaldehyde.
3. Urea fertilizer.
4. T.S.P. Fertilizer.
5. Chemical dyes, polish, varnish, enamel.
6. Power plant.
7. All mining projects (coal, limestone, hard rock, natural gas, mineral oil, etc.)
8. Cement.
9. Fuel oil refinery.
10. Artificial rubber.
11. Paper and pulp.
12. Sugar.
13. Distillery.
14. Fabric dying and chemical processing.
15. Caustic soda, potash.
16. Other alkalis.
17. Production of iron and steel.
18. Raw materials of medicines and basic drugs.
19. Electroplating.
20. Photo films, photo papers and photo chemicals.
21. Various products made from petroleum and coal.
22. Explosives.
23. Acids and their salts (organic or inorganic).
24. Nitrogen compounds (Cyanide, Cyanamid etc.).
25. Production of plastic raw materials (PVC, PP/Iron, Polyesterin etc.)
26. Asbestos.
27. Fiberglass.
28. Pesticides, fungicides and herbicides.
29. Phosphorus and its compounds/derivatives.
30. Chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine and their compounds/derivatives.
31. Industry (excluding nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide).
32. Waste incinerator.
33. Other chemicals.
34. Ordnance.
35. Nuclear power.
36. Wine.
37. Non-metallic chemicals not listed elsewhere.
38. Non-metals not listed elsewhere.
39. Industrial estate.
40. Basic industrial chemicals.
41. Non-iron basic metals.

15. Priodeep Chowdhury; Lecturer; Dept. of CEE; Uttara University.//Environmental Management
42. Detergent.
43. Land-filling by industrial, household and commercial wastes.
44. Sewage treatment plant.
45. Life saving drugs.
46. Animal glue.
47. Rodenticide.
48. Refractories.
49. Industrial gas (Oxygen, Nitrogen & Carbon-dioxide).
50. Battery.
51. Hospital.
52. Ship manufacturing.
53. Tobacco (processing/cigarette/Biri-making).
54. Metallic boat manufacturing.
55. Wooden boat manufacturing.
56. Refrigerator/air-conditioner/air-cooler manufacturing.
57. Tyre and tube.
58. Board mills.
59. Carpets.
60. Engineering works: capital above 10 (ten) hundred thousand Taka.
61. Repairing of motor vehicles: capital above 10 (ten) hundred thousand Taka.
62. Water treatment plant.
63. Sewerage pipe line laying/relaying/extension.
64. Water, power and gas distribution line laying/relaying/extension.
65. Exploration/extraction/distribution of mineral resources.
66. Construction/reconstruction/expansion of flood control embankment, polder, dike,
etc.
67. Construction/reconstruction/expansion of road (regional, national & international).
68. Construction/reconstruction/expansion of bridge (length 100 meter and above).
69. Murate of Potash (manufacturing).
Foot Notes:
(a) No industrial unit included in this list shall be allowed to be located in any residential
area.
(b) Industrial units shall preferably be located in areas declared as industrial zones or in
areas where there is concentration of industries or in vacant areas.
(c) Industrial units likely to produce sound, smoke, odor beyond permissible limit shall
not be acceptable in commercial areas.
(d) After obtaining location clearance on the basis of Initial Environment Examination
(IEE) Report, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report in accordance with the
approved terms of reference along with design of ETP and its time schedule shall be
submitted within approved time limit.

16. Priodeep Chowdhury; Lecturer; Dept. of CEE; Uttara University.//Environmental Management
Procedure for Environmental Clearance Certificate
“Green” Category
“Orange A” Category
“Orange B” Category

17. Priodeep Chowdhury; Lecturer; Dept. of CEE; Uttara University.//Environmental Management
“Red” Category
Environmental laws: Reasons for Non-enforcement
 Lack of knowledge of law at the operational level
 Uncertainties and ambiguities in the provisions in expressing powers, functions,
authorities and jurisdiction
 Lack of by-laws
 Institutional weakness and lack of policy orientations
 Conflict with traditional rights and practices
 Uncertainties over the legal status of resources
 Conflict between public and private tenure

18. Priodeep Chowdhury; Lecturer; Dept. of CEE; Uttara University.//Environmental Management
 Problems with resources survey, settlement and record or rights
 Lack of adequate monitoring and environmental quality measurement
capabilities
 Establishment of evidence