Earthquake, Environmental Studies

1. Gandhinagar Institute
Of Technology
Enviromental Studies(2110007)
Topic Name:- Environment Damage
Due To Earthquake
Presented By:- (1) jani parth(56)
guidens by:- Sandeep sharma

2. :-Why Do Earthquake Happen?
1. Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground
suddenly breakes along a fault
2. Sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that
make ground shake.
3 .when two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing against
each other,they stick a little.
4.they do not just slide smoothly;the rocks catch on each other.
The rocks are still pushing against each other, but not moving.
5.the rocks are break because of pressure that’s built up when
the rocks break,earthquake occurs,during the earthquake and
afterward,the plants or bocks start moving,and then continue
to move until they get stuck again.

5. Effects Of Earthquake
(1)Buildings Collapsing
(2)Fires
(3)Soil Liquefaction
(4)Tsunami
(5)Floods
(6)Landslides and Avalanches

6. a human who has
a part of our nature.
People has surfring from
damages due to such
environmental has been also
damage

7. Five reasons buildings fail in an earthquake
Reason 1:- The Soil Fails
Reason 2:- The Foundation Fails
Reason 3:- A “Soft Floor” Fails
Reason 4:- A Building Joint Fails
The Building Fails

8. The amount of tension to resis breaking during a earthquake is what
causes buildings to collapse.
Buildings nee to have the amount of tension redused by either
reinforcing or having it work with the movement of the earthquake.
Mansi tower
ahmedabad

9. Fires
1.Fires, often associated with broken electrical and
gas lines, is one of the common side effects of
earthquakes.
2.Gas is set free as gas lines are broken and a spark
will start bringing "inferno".
3. To complicate things water lines are broken and
there is no water to extinguish the fire. 4.The San
Francisco earthquake of 1906 caused 90% of
by fire.

10. Fires started by broken gas lines (The San Francisco)

11. Soil Liquefaction
1.Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of
a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or other rapid loading.
2.Liquefaction and related phenomena have been responsible for
tremendous amounts of damage in historical earthquakes around the
world.

12. 3. Liquefaction occurs in saturated soils, that is, soils in which the
space between individual particles is completely filled with water.
4. This water exerts a pressure on the soil particles that influences
how tightly the particles themselves are pressed together.
5.Prior to an earthquake, the water pressure is relatively low.
6.However, earthquake shaking can cause the water pressure to
increase to the point where the soil particles can readily move with
respect to each other.

13. Some effects of liquefaction
during the 1964 Niigata
earthquake
Liquefaction allowed this sewer to float
upward – 2004 Chūetsu

14. Tsunami
If the earthquake occurs in the ocean, it can push up
powerful waves, known as tsunamis.
The sudden upward or downward movement of the
seafloor during an earthquake creates large tsunami waves,
similar to a child splashing in the bathtub.
Earthquakes can also trigger tsunamis by unleashing
underwater landslides, which also displace huge amounts of
seawater.

17. Floods
A flood is an overflow of any amount of water that reaches land.
Floods occur usually when the volume of water within a body of
water, such as a river or lake, exceeds the total capacity of the
formation, and as a result some of the water
flows or sits outside of the normal perimeter of the body.
However, floods may be secondary effects of earthquakes, if dams
are damaged.

18. Earthquakes may cause landslips to dam rivers,
which collapse and cause floods

19. Landslides
Groundshaking due to earthquakes destabilises
cliffs and steep slopes, causing landslides and
rockfalls as a significant side-effect.
Heavy rain and unconsolidated or fractured
rock are exacerbating factors.

20. Rockfall Impacts of the Christchurch
Quake,

21. El Salvador
January 13, 2001
Magnitude 7.6

22. Safety Tips
1.Have an earthquake readiness plan.
2.Consult a professional to learn how to make your home
sturdier, such as bolting bookcases to wall studs, installing
strong latches on cupboards, and strapping the water heater
to wall studs.
3.Locate a place in each room of the house that you can go
to in case of an earthquake.
4.It should be a spot where nothing is likely to fall on you.

23. 5.Keep a supply of canned food, an up-to-date first aid kit,
3 gallons (11.4 liters) of water per person, dust masks and
goggles, and a working battery-operated radio and
flashlights.
6.Know how to turn off your gas and water mains.

25. Shaking Begins
1.Drop down; take cover under a desk or table and hold on.
2.Stay indoors until the shaking stops and you're sure it's safe to
exit.
3.Stay away from bookcases or furniture that can fall on you.
4.Stay away from windows. In a high-rise building, expect the fire
alarms and sprinklers to go off during a quake.

26. 5.If you are in bed, hold on and stay there, protecting
your head with a pillow.
6.If you are outdoors, find a clear spot away from
buildings, trees, and power lines. Drop to the ground.
7.If you are in a car, slow down and drive to a clear
place. Stay in the car until the shaking stops.

27. We ARE NATHING
AGAINTS NATCHER…..