This document discusses infant and young child feeding practices. It covers the benefits of breastfeeding for the child, mother, and community. Breast milk provides optimal nutrition and protects against infection. Complementary foods should be introduced at 6 months while continuing breastfeeding up to 2 years. The WHO emphasizes nutrition in the first 1000 days of life. Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and appropriate complementary feeding practices according to guidelines promote child health and development.
pediatrics emergency, hypoglycemia of infancy.
Glucose level can drop if:
There is too much insulin in the blood (hyperinsulinism). Insulin is a hormone that pulls glucose from the blood.
The baby is not producing enough glucose.
The baby's body is using more glucose than is being produced.
The baby is not able to feed enough to keep glucose level up.
Infant and young child feeding ppt describe the nutritional needs of infant and child. Exclusive breastfeeding for six months and complementary feeding for the child. avoid formula feeding for the child and continue breastfeeding for 24 months.
Dr Somendra Shukla Pediatrician Gurgaon
MBBS, DNB (Pediatrics), MNAMS, MRCPCH (UK), Fellow Neonatology (NNF)
www.drsomendrashukla.com
Dr. Somendra shukla is a one of the best Pediatrician & neonatologist at Gurgaon. He has vast expierence of 9 yrs in neonatology & pediatrics. He has cleared the prestigious Diplomate of National Board (DNB) and royal college of pediatrics, ondon (MRCPCH) examinations in pediatrics. He has worked and honed up her skills with some of the top corporates institutes of India such as Fortis hospital, moolchand medcity and paras hospital. He has also done his Fellowship in neonatology awarded by prestigious National neonatology forum of India.
He is a member of IAP and NNF and has attended various seminars and workshops and has presented several papers in various national conferences and conducted CMEs.
He is an expert in newborn intensive care including care of ventilated and extremely low birth weight babies (<1000g><750g). He has also been trained in cranial Ultrasonography and Echo studies in neonates.
pediatrics emergency, hypoglycemia of infancy.
Glucose level can drop if:
There is too much insulin in the blood (hyperinsulinism). Insulin is a hormone that pulls glucose from the blood.
The baby is not producing enough glucose.
The baby's body is using more glucose than is being produced.
The baby is not able to feed enough to keep glucose level up.
Infant and young child feeding ppt describe the nutritional needs of infant and child. Exclusive breastfeeding for six months and complementary feeding for the child. avoid formula feeding for the child and continue breastfeeding for 24 months.
Dr Somendra Shukla Pediatrician Gurgaon
MBBS, DNB (Pediatrics), MNAMS, MRCPCH (UK), Fellow Neonatology (NNF)
www.drsomendrashukla.com
Dr. Somendra shukla is a one of the best Pediatrician & neonatologist at Gurgaon. He has vast expierence of 9 yrs in neonatology & pediatrics. He has cleared the prestigious Diplomate of National Board (DNB) and royal college of pediatrics, ondon (MRCPCH) examinations in pediatrics. He has worked and honed up her skills with some of the top corporates institutes of India such as Fortis hospital, moolchand medcity and paras hospital. He has also done his Fellowship in neonatology awarded by prestigious National neonatology forum of India.
He is a member of IAP and NNF and has attended various seminars and workshops and has presented several papers in various national conferences and conducted CMEs.
He is an expert in newborn intensive care including care of ventilated and extremely low birth weight babies (<1000g><750g). He has also been trained in cranial Ultrasonography and Echo studies in neonates.
it contains info about infant and young child feeding guidelines ,breast feeding, complementary feeding, supplementary feeding, feeding in hiv aids, ims act etc
Supplementary nutritional programmes in indiaDrBabu Meena
This presentation was made to describe the scarcity of food in the country and to teach about the steps taken by the government. This decribes about the various nutritional supplementation progammes in the India, their advantage and disadvantages.
This topic was presented by me in Neonatal Nursing Workshop in GUJNEOCON' 14. This presentation highlights some issues in the management of extremely low birth weight babies (<1000gm) from Nursing care point of view. Transport, Aseptic precautions, feeding issues are important aspects of cere which are not discussed here because were discussed by others. I had mainly focused on delivery room management, temperature and humidity maintenance, skin care and develpmental care because these are important aspects of ELBW care but often neglected.
Nutrition during pregnancy
Nutrition before pregnancy
unhealthy eating trends
Nutrition during pregnancy
important of good Nutrition during pregnancy
Key Nutrition during pregnancy
Optimal weight gain during pregnancy
1st trimester
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
Nutrition during lactation
protein
Sources of vitamins
An overview of milk, the difference between breast and formula milk, the types of milk formulas, and some of the diseases prevent the use of certain formulas in babies
A discourse the ideal feeding practices from pregnancy to infancy with a closer look into malnutrition, breastfeeding, complementary feeding and related interventions.
it contains info about infant and young child feeding guidelines ,breast feeding, complementary feeding, supplementary feeding, feeding in hiv aids, ims act etc
Supplementary nutritional programmes in indiaDrBabu Meena
This presentation was made to describe the scarcity of food in the country and to teach about the steps taken by the government. This decribes about the various nutritional supplementation progammes in the India, their advantage and disadvantages.
This topic was presented by me in Neonatal Nursing Workshop in GUJNEOCON' 14. This presentation highlights some issues in the management of extremely low birth weight babies (<1000gm) from Nursing care point of view. Transport, Aseptic precautions, feeding issues are important aspects of cere which are not discussed here because were discussed by others. I had mainly focused on delivery room management, temperature and humidity maintenance, skin care and develpmental care because these are important aspects of ELBW care but often neglected.
Nutrition during pregnancy
Nutrition before pregnancy
unhealthy eating trends
Nutrition during pregnancy
important of good Nutrition during pregnancy
Key Nutrition during pregnancy
Optimal weight gain during pregnancy
1st trimester
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
Nutrition during lactation
protein
Sources of vitamins
An overview of milk, the difference between breast and formula milk, the types of milk formulas, and some of the diseases prevent the use of certain formulas in babies
A discourse the ideal feeding practices from pregnancy to infancy with a closer look into malnutrition, breastfeeding, complementary feeding and related interventions.
National Guidelines for Infant and Child Feeding and Infant Mortality RateDr. Ankit Mohapatra
National Guidelines for Infant and Child Feeding
Infant Mortality Rate
Early nutrition
Exclusive Breast feeding
Counseling during pregnancy
Complementary feeding
First food
Traditional food
Modified family food
Instant infant food
Protective foods
Feeding during illness
Feeding in exceptionally difficult circumstances
Integrated child development scheme
Reproductive and child health programme
Institutional promotion
International organaisations
Breastfeeding is the most natural and normal way of providing all the required nutrients to the infants that are essential for their healthy development and growth. Almost all mothers have the capacity to breast feed their child, but in some cases lack of adequate information or misconceptions keep the baby deprived of his birthright, which is the breast milk.
Babies should be breastfed and/or receive expressed human milk exclusively for the first six months of life. Breastfeeding should continue with the addition of complementary foods throughout the second half of the first year.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
2. Must know
• To be covered:
– Breast feeding- physiology
– Benefits of breast feeding to child, mother and
community
– Composition of breast milk-anti-infective factors
– Complementary feeding principles
– Laws of development
• Not covered today: Important milestones at
various ages (important long question)
3. Why the stress on Infant nutrition?
• WHO/UNICEF have emphasized the first 1000
days of life i.e, the 270 days in-utero and the
first two years after birth as the critical
window period for nutritional interventions
4. Breast milk constitutents
BM is Nutritionally superior
• Lactose 7 gms%
• Protein 1 gms% (more lactalbumin)
• Fat – lipase, EFA
• Minerals: More calcium (2:1); Zinc
• Sodium less
• Iron
• Vitamins (except vitamin D and to some extent
vitamin K)
• Water- 88% is water
10. 3 reflexes helpful in baby
• While accepting BM
1. Rooting reflex
2. Sucking reflex
3. Swallowing reflex
11. Duration
• Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months (180
days)
• Nutritionally adequate and safe
complementary feeding starting from the age
of 6 months with continued breastfeeding up
to 2 years of age or beyond
12. IYCF guidelines
• Practise exclusive breastfeeding from birth to 6 months of age, and
introduce complementary foods at 6 months of age while continuing to
breastfeed.
• Continue frequent, on-demand breastfeeding until 2 years of age or
beyond.
• Practise responsive feeding
• Practise good hygiene and proper food handling.
• Start at 6 months of age with small amounts of food and increase the
quantity as the child gets older, while maintaining frequent breastfeeding.
• Gradually increase food consistency and variety as the infant grows older,
adapting to the infant’s requirements and abilities.
• Increase the number of times that the child is fed complementary foods as
the child gets older.
• Feed a variety of nutrient-rich foods- non-vegetarian, fruits etc
• Use fortified complementary foods or vitamin-mineral supplements for the
infant, as needed
• During illness- increase fluid intake during illness, more frequent
breastfeeding, and soft, favourite foods. After illness, encourage the child
to eat more.
13. MTCT
• Counsel HIV-positive mothers during antenatal period-
infant feeding options, viz. exclusive breastfeeding or
exclusive replacement feeding. Exclusive breastfeeding
is superior to exclusive replacement feeding in
developing countries because it maximizes the
chances of survival of the infant
• Risk of transmission through breastfeeding is minimal
provided mother and the infant receive appropriate
antiretroviral prophylaxis
• No Mixed Feeding is to be done during the first 6
months
14. ART
• Those with condition warranting ART- Maternal ART during
pregnancy (in those who need it) and continued lifelong
• Not needing ART- Antepartum twice-daily AZT starting from
as early as 14 weeks of gestation (or as soon as possible
thereafter) and continued during pregnancy. At the onset
of labour, single-dose NVP (sd-NVP) with initiation of twice-
daily AZT + Lamivudine, which should be continued for 7
days postpartum
• For breastfeeding infants, maternal prophylaxis should be
coupled with daily administration of NVP to the infants
from birth (within 6−12 hours) or as soon as feasible
thereafter, until 1 week after all exposure to breast milk has
ended
• Replacement feeding- 4-6 weeks of infant prophylaxis with
daily NVP (or twice-daily AZT)
16. Benefits to baby
• Short-term and long-term benefits on both
child and mother
• Reduces infant mortality in the first few
months by 6- 10 times
• Deaths from diarrhea and pneumonia could
be reduced by one third if infants were
exclusively breastfed
• Reduced otitis media, UTI, HiB meningitis
17. Baby- Long term benefits
• Reduced asthma and other atopic conditions, type 1
• Diabetes, celiac disease, ulcerative colitis and Crohn
disease
• Artificial feeding is also associated with a greater risk of
childhood leukaemia.
• Obesity in later childhood and adolescence is less
common among breastfed children
• Artificial feeding linked with risks to cardiovascular
health, including increased blood pressure, altered
blood cholesterol levels and atherosclerosis in later
adulthood
• Better IQ
18. To mother
• Short-term benefits- reduces risk of
postpartum haemorrhage
• Reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancer
among women who breastfed
• Contraception, helps with recovery of pre-
pregnancy weight
19. BFHI 1992
• Hospitals become baby-friendly by
implementing the Ten Steps to Successful
Breastfeeding
• Criteria have been developed by WHO and
UNICEF and are used worldwide
20. BFHI- Ten Steps to Successful
Breastfeeding
1. Have a written breast feeding policy.
2. Train all health staff to implement this policy.
3. Inform all pregnant women about the benefits of breast feeding.
4. Help mothers to initiate breast feeding within ½ hour of birth.
5. Show mothers the best way to breast feed
6. Give newborn infants no food or drink other than breast milk, unless medically indicated.
7. Practice “Rooming-in”
8. Encourage breast feeding on demand.
9. Give no artificial teats, pacifiers, dummies or soothers
10. Help start breast feeding support groups and refer mothers to them.
24. Despite knowing all these..
• Only 34.8% of infants are exclusively breastfed
for the first 6 months of life
• Most important intervention to bring down the
under 5 mortality rate
25. • “If a multinational company developed a food
product that was a nutritionally balanced and
delicious, a wonder drug that both prevented and
treated disease, cost almost nothing to produce
and could be delivered in quantities controlled by
the consumers‘ needs, the very announcement of
their find would send their shares rocketing to the
top of the stock market.. The scientists who
developed the product would win prizes and the
wealth everyone involved would increase
dramatically.. Women have been producing such a
miraculous substance, breastmilk, since the
beginning of human existence..”
26. Growth and development- definitions
• Growth: It is the increase in size as a result of
multiplication of cells associated with increase
in cytoplasmic and intercellular mass as per
genetic norms of an individual, influenced by
environment to achieve the optimum
• Development: Maturation of functions and
acquisition of skills
27. 7 principles of Development
• Development is a continuous process- diseases
may halt its continuity
• Development proceeds in the cephalo-caudal
direction
• Development proceeds from central axis to
peripheries
28. • Developmental sequence is the same for all
children
• The rate of attainment may be different in
different children
29. • General actions give way to more specific
actions- disappearance of primitive reflexes
• Simple movements give way to more complex
actions