This presentation describes the technological advancement of today's engineering field.These explains the application of chemistry in adhesives bucky balls and many more nano particles.
This also covers the topic of liquid crystals.
Hi i'am Sean , i study in OUR OWN ENGLISH HIGH SCHOOL .This is a power point on plastics , to help us understand what is a plastic , what are the types of plastic and what harm do they cause to our environment
This presentation dives into the deep realms of nano-chemistry starting from the very basics to a sufficient advanced level. Nano-chemistry has always been a very intriguing topic for most of us as we see it in movies more than frequently. If not, we at least hear some explanation about a curious event that relates directly to nano-chemistry.
Diving into the depths of those explanations related to nano-chemistry and revealing the actual facts about nano-chemistry and its related topics. We have formulated this presentation to become a crucial source of information regarding nano-chemistry and its other related terms.
It is also a study material for Basics of Chemistry subject taught during the 1st or 2nd semesters during B.E. / B.Tech degree courses.
Hi i'am Sean , i study in OUR OWN ENGLISH HIGH SCHOOL .This is a power point on plastics , to help us understand what is a plastic , what are the types of plastic and what harm do they cause to our environment
This presentation dives into the deep realms of nano-chemistry starting from the very basics to a sufficient advanced level. Nano-chemistry has always been a very intriguing topic for most of us as we see it in movies more than frequently. If not, we at least hear some explanation about a curious event that relates directly to nano-chemistry.
Diving into the depths of those explanations related to nano-chemistry and revealing the actual facts about nano-chemistry and its related topics. We have formulated this presentation to become a crucial source of information regarding nano-chemistry and its other related terms.
It is also a study material for Basics of Chemistry subject taught during the 1st or 2nd semesters during B.E. / B.Tech degree courses.
Lecture notes on Structure and Properties of Engineering Polymers
Course Objectives:
The main objective is to introduce polymers as an engineering material and emphasize the basic concepts of their nature, production and properties. Polymers are introduced at three levels; namely, the molecular level, the micro level, and macro-level. Through knowledge of all three levels, student can understand and predict the properties of various polymers and their performance in different products. The course also aims at introducing the students to the principles of polymer processing techniques and considerations of design using engineering polymers.
This Slides explains the process of car door manufacturing which is already practised in industries. Many concepts which are really important for mechanical undergrads are explained hereby.
Laser is very important technological device these days.There is a use of laser in almost every field of science and technology. It also gives it's application in medicines also.
This presentation shows how it works and what is the mechanism behind this laser phenomenon. Here it is explained from atom theory to application.
Very good explanation with photographs.
Do you know about community service activities going on in many companies?
Get an example of such a great work done by microsoft.
This ppt explains it very well.
Effect of Combustion Engines on EnvironmentShivam Padmani
Combustion Engine is used in our day to day life.
It affects our environment at a great extent also. In this ppt we have described the Effect of engines on Environment.
All the applications of ferrites is described in this presentation very briefly and presciously.
It would surely help you.
Please share it with your friends also.
This presentation is very useful for students who are just beginning their journey to learn Engineering graphics.
It has a very basic explanation with simple to complex example strategy
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
2. Adhesives
The material or substance which is capable of
uniting or bonding two other materials
(adherends) together by adhering strongly to
the surface of both.
Example: Glue, gum and cement
3. Characteristics of an ideal adhesive
Should give a strong bond.
Should not be affected by air, heat or moisture.
Should resist chemicals, acids and bases.
Can be easily spread over the surface.
4. Quality of an adhesive is evaluated by
Persistence
Strength of bond setting upon drying
Quickness of bonding
Degree of stickiness
5. Adhesive Action
Adhesive action resulting in the bond between adherends by physical or chemical
forces.
I. Specific Adhesion:
Physical or Chemical forces are responsible for the adhesion between the
surfaces.
Permanent bond is formed when the interfacial boundary energy of the
adhesive and adherent surfaces is lower than the sum of the surface
energies of the adhesive and the surfaces of adherends.
6. II. Mechanical Adhesion:
When the adhesive simply fills the
voids or pores in the surfaces of
the adherends and hold them by an
interlocking action.
III. Fusion Adhesion:
When the adhesive or its solvent
dissolves partly the surfaces and
hold them together.
7. CLASSIFICATION OF ADHESIVES
Adhesives
Based on the composition of the
principal components
Based on Mechanism of adhesion
Natural
Synthetic
1. Solvent Responsive
2. Heat sealing
3. Pressure sensitive
4. Chemically reactive
Starch
Glues
• Blood albumin
• Casein
Epoxy
Phenol
Formaldehyde
Melamine
• Animal
• Vegetable
Phenol
formaldehyde
8. Classification of Adhesives
Adhesives based on the composition of principal components
1. Adhesive based on naturally occurring materials
Ex. Vegetable gums, starches
Animal glues.
2. Adhesive based on synthetic materials
Ex. Phenol formaldehyde, epoxy,
Polyvinyl acetate(Fevicol)
9. Classification of Adhesives
Adhesives based on their mechanism of adhesion
1. Solvent Responsive Adhesive – Used in the form of solvent
Main component of these adhesives are:
Adhesive bases
Volatile liquid carriers
Plasticizer
Adhesion augmenting resins
Ex. Vinyl polymers, alkaloid resins,
natural resins and vegetable gums
10. 2. Heat sealing adhesives
Inactive solids at room temperature.
They can work at high temperature.
Bonding strength depends on temperature, pressure and time.
Ex. Waxes, cellulose esters, polyvinyl resins, rubber, and its
derivatives.
11. 3. Pressure sensitive adhesive
Used in the form of adhesive tape.
Able to provide instantaneous adhesion by applied small pressure and
similarly can be removed from the surface using a small energy.
Main Components:
a. Tape backing b. Adhesive c. Tackifying resins
d. Plasticisers e. Minerals f. Fillers
g. Antioxidants
.
12. 4. Chemically reactive adhesives
These type of adhesives undergo chemical changes
during the formation of the bond, chemical changes
like crosslinking, condensation or polymerization.
Ex: Phenol formaldehyde,
melamine formaldehyde, urea,
epoxy resin etc.
14. Important Definitions
Nanoscience Nanotechnology Nanomaterials
Study of phenomena
and manipulation of
materials at atomic,
molecular and
macromolecular
scales, where
properties differ
significantly from
those at larger scale.
It is design,
characterization,
production and
application of structures,
designs and systems by
controlling shape and size
at nanometer scale.
Materials with at least
one dimension less than
100 nm.
E.g. thin film,
nanowire, nanotube,
colloids, quantum dots,
etc.
15. Properties of Nanomaterial
Relatively Larger Surface area
Make material more chemically reactive.
Also affect its strength and chemical
properties.
Quantum Effect
Affects the optical, electrical and
magnetic behaviour of material.
19. The first fullerene was discovered in 1985 by Sir Harold W. Kroto,
Richard E. Smalley and Robert F. Curl.
Fullerene, also called buckminsterfullerene.
A closed spherical cage shape – Buckyballs
A cylindrical shape - Carbon Nanotubes
A cage like molecules composed of 60 carbon atoms (C60) joined together
by single and double bonds to form a hollow sphere with 12 pentagonal
and 20 hexagonal faces.
Each C-atom on the cage surface is bonded to three other C-atoms. So,
each C-atom is sp2 hybridized.
20. Preparation of Fullerenes
Methods:
Arc Vaporization of Graphite (Kratcshmer-Huffmann
apparatus)
Laser Ablation Method
Other methods includes:
i. Hydrocarbon combustion
ii. Low pressure helium sputtering
iii. Electron beam evaporation
iv. Inductively coupled RF evaporation of graphite
21. Structure of Fullerene (C60)
It has Truncated Icosahedron structure.
Soccer ball shape
An icosahedron is a polygon with 60 vertices and 32
faces (12 – pentagonal & 20 hexagonal) 90 covalent
bonds between them, 60 single bonds and 30 double
bonds.
C-atom is present at each vertex of this structure.
Aromatic and has resonating structures.
C60 is also known as bulky ball because it is a spherical
cluster of C-atoms arranged in series of 5- & 6-
membered rings)
22. Properties of Fullerene
Aromaticity
Has π-bonding electrons which are free to localize or
delocalize in different chemical situations.
C60 in water tends to pick up two more electrons and
become an anion.
Chemistry
The reactive characteristics of fullerenes is
electrophilic at double bonding, which reduces angle
stress by changing hybridized orbit carbons into sp3
hybridized one.
This decrease in hybridization permits the bonds to
bend lesser on closing the tube making the fullerene
molecule more stable.
23. Solubility
Soluble in Solvents
Common solvent used is Carbon disulfide
Solutions of pure fullerene have deep
purple and violet colour.
Properties of Fullerene
24. Applications of Fullerene
Used as a lubricant
As a superconductor when mixed with alkali metals
As a soft Ferromagnets
Used in electronic and microelectronic devices
Non-linear optical devices
In Composites
In Drug delivery
25. Carbon Nanotubes(CNTs)
A nanotube is a nanometer-scale tube-like structure.
They are like nanowires, in terms of aspect ratio.
But unlike nanowires, nanotubes are hollow.
It’s diameter is in the order of few nanometers.
It’s length is in order of few milimeters.
Exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical
properties and are efficient conductors.
Applications: Nanotechnology, electronics, optics and
material science.
26. Structures of Nanotubes
Structure of single walled nanotube(SWNT)
A. Zig-Zag nanotubes B. Armchair nanotubes C. Chiral nanotubes
Apex of Hexagon Parallel to length Apex perpendicular to length All other orientations of Hexagons
27. Structures of Nanotubes
Structure of multi walled nanotube (MWNT)
Russian Doll model
Sheet arranged in concentric cylinders.
Parchment Model
Single sheet is rolled in around itself.(Like
rolled paper)
Distance between graphene layers is 3.3 Å
28. Properties of Nanotubes
Nanotubes have the highest strength to
weight ratio of any known material.
Can easily penetrate membranes such as cell walls.
Can function like needle at cellular level.
Their electrical resistance changes significantly when
other molecules attach themselves to carbon
atoms.(used to develop sensors to detect chemical
vapour)
29. Nanowires are 1D nanostructures which generally have
diameters of the order of tens of nanometers, with
unconstrained length scales! The length to diameter ratio
may be as much as 1000.
Nanorods are also 1D nanostructures where each of their
dimensions range from 1–100 nm. Standard aspect ratios
(length divided by width) are 3-5.
Nanowires
30. Liquid Crystals
The intermediate state exists between the crystalline solid state and the
liquid state.
Condensed fluid phases with spontaneous anisotropy.
First observed in Cholesterol myristate.
Molecules in this state are oblong and rigid rod-shaped.
In the cell wall of living organism, molecules are in liquid crystal state.
Temperature State of substance
<71 0C Solid crystalline
71 0C Cloudy Liquid Crystal State
86 0C Clear Liquid State
31. Liquid Crystals can defined as condensed fluid
phases with Spontaneous anisotropy.
Liquid Crystals
Liquid Crystals
32. Classification of Liquid Crystals
Thermotropic Liquid Crystal – The organic compounds which
exhibit liquid crystalline phases as the temperature varies.
Example: p-Azoxyanisole.
Lyotropic Liquid Crystal – It consist of two or more components
that exhibit liquid crystalline properties in certain concentration
ranges.
Example: Soap
33. Molecular Arrangement in Different Mesophase
Nematic Phase:
The nematic liquid crystal phase is characterized by
molecules that have no positional order but tend to point
in the same direction (along the director).
34. Smectic A Phase
Molecules in this phase show a positional order.
The increased order means that the smectic state is more
“solid-like”.
35. Molecules are arranged as in the
smectic-A mesophase, but the
director is at a constant tilt angle
measured normally to the
smectic plane.
Smectic C Phase
36. Cholesteric Phases:
• Composed of nematic mesogenic molecules containing chiral
center which produces intermolecular forces.
• This favour alignment between molecules at a slight angle to
one another.
• Can be visualised as a slack of very thin 2D nematic-like
layers with the director.
37. Columnar Phases:
• Shaped like disks instead of long rod.
• It is characterized by stacked columns of molecules.
• Columns are packed together to form a 2D-crystalline array.
38. Applications of Liquid Crystals
Liquid Crystal Displays(LCDs)
Thermographic Behaviour
Optical imaging and recording
Used for non Destructive mechanical testing of
material under stress.
Visualisation of Radio Frequency(RF) waves
Erasable optical Disks
Light modulator ,etc.
39. Organic Electronic Materials
Called “Organic” because materials consist of polymers
and small molecules
Used in electronic and optoelectronic devices.
OEM Generally split into to groups:
1. Small polymers
Deposited by vapour method and have a well
defined molecular mass.
2. Polymers
Must be processed from solution and have molecule
weight distribution.
These OEM has lead to the synthesis of new class of
polymers known as Conducting polymers.
40. Organic Electronic Materials
The most successful application of OEM is OLED(Organic
light emitting device).
This is generally used in long lived and highly
efficient colour displays.