4. DEFINE ELECTRICITY AND DIFFERENTIATE DIRECT
CURRENT AND ALTERNATING CURRENT
UNDERSTAND AND EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENT
USES OF ELECTRICITY
PROVIDE INSIGHTS ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF
ENERGY CONSERVATION AND EFFICIENT USE OF
ELECTRICITY
EXPLAIN THE CONCEPTS OF ELECTRIC POWER
AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION
5. Electricity is the flow of electrons through
a conductor.
TWO TYPES DIRECT CURRENT ALTERNATING CURRENT
There are two types of
electricity: direct
current (DC) and
alternating current (AC)
DC flows in one
direction only and is
typically used in
batteries and
electronic devices.
AC alternates
between positive and
negative cycles and is
typically used for
powering homes and
businesses.
6.
7. Electrical power is the rate
at which electrical energy
is transferred by an
electric circuit. It is
measured in watts (W).
8. Appliance Electric Watts
Incandescent light bulb
(60W)
60
LED light bulb (9W) 9
Compact fluorescent
bulb (15W)
15
Ceiling fan 10-60
Desktop computer 150-300
Laptop computer 20-60
Television (32-inch) 30-120
Refrigerator (10 cubic
feet)
70-90
Microwave oven 700-1200
Electric oven 2000-5000
Electric water heater 3000-5000
Air conditioner (10,000
BTU)
900-1400
9. Energy consumption is the
amount of electrical energy
consumed by an appliance
over a given period of time. It
is measured in kilowatt-
hours (kWh).
10. Appliance
Power Consumption
(kWh) per hour
Incandescent light bulb
(60W)
0.06
LED light bulb (9W) 0.009
Compact fluorescent
bulb (15W)
0.015
Ceiling fan 0.05-0.12
Desktop computer 0.06-0.25
Laptop computer 0.015-0.045
Television (32-inch) 0.03-0.12
Refrigerator (10 cubic
feet)
0.4-0.6
Microwave oven 0.8-1.5
Electric oven 2-5
Electric water heater 3-5
Air conditioner (10,000
BTU)
0.9-1.4
11. Household appliances and electronics that require
electricity include refrigerators, washing machines,
televisions, computers, and smartphones.
Lighting is one of the primary uses of electricity in
homes.
Commercial uses of electricity also include powering
equipment and appliances like copiers, printers, cash
registers, and commercial kitchen appliances.
Commercial uses of electricity include lighting, heating
and cooling systems, and powering equipment and
appliances in businesses and public buildings.
Residential uses of electricity include lighting, heating
and cooling systems, and powering household
appliances and electronics.
12. Some examples of machinery and equipment that
require high levels of electrical power include pumps,
motors, conveyors, and compressors.
In addition to powering machinery and equipment,
electricity is also used for control and automation
systems, such as programmable logic controllers
(PLCs) and variable frequency drives (VFDs).
Industrial uses of electricity include powering
machinery and equipment, lighting, and heating and
cooling systems in factories, manufacturing plants,
and other industrial facilities.
26. Correctly speaking,
electricity is a hazard, as it
has the potential to cause
harm, but if properly
managed, the likelihood of
harm being caused is
minimal. Although, the
severity of electrical hazards
(sometimes referred to as
consequence) when things go
wrong will potentially be
fatality or life changing.
27. The most common cause of fire in the
Philippines is unattended electrical
connections caused by octopus wiring and
overloading. Majority of fire incidents
occur due to faulty or defective electrical
wiring. Among these are excessive use of
extension cords, torn wires, and
substandard electrical wires. Some people
tend to set up electrical connections by
themselves to save money from hiring a
professional technician.
Electrical Connections and Electrical
Faults have been the top cause of fires
in Metro Manila with an average of
53.85% of the total number of fires
yearly.
29. Electrical hazards may cause death or personal
injury from:
• electric shock
• electric burn
• electrical explosion or arcing,
• fire or explosion initiated by electrical
energy (where any such death or injury is
associated with the generation, provision,
transmission, transformation, rectification,
conversion, conduction, distribution,
control, storage, measurement or use of
electrical energy’).
35. • Electric shock and burns from
live wire contact
• Fires from faulty wiring
• Overloading circuits
• Leaving electrical parts exposed
• Electrocution or burns from lack
of PPE
• Explosions and fires from
explosive and flammable
substances.
• Contact with overhead power
lines
• Electrical exposure to water
39. Promoting safety: To emphasize the importance of safety when
using electricity and to provide practical tips for reducing the
risk of electrical hazards.
Preventing accidents: To help people understand how to
prevent electrical accidents, such as electrical shock, burns,
and fires.
Encouraging responsibility: To encourage individuals to take
responsibility for their own safety and to create a culture of
safety in homes and workplaces.
43. USE ELECTRICAL OUTLETS AND
EQUIPMENT SAFELY
• Do not overload electrical outlets
• Do not plug too many appliances into one outlet
or extension cord
• Use only extension cords that are designed for
indoor use
• Do not run extension cords under carpets or
furniture
• Unplug appliances when not in use
• Do not touch electrical equipment or outlets with
wet hands
44. KEEP ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND
WIRING IN GOOD CONDITION
• Have a licensed electrician inspect your
electrical system at least once every ten years
• Replace damaged or worn-out electrical cords
or equipment
• Do not use frayed or cracked electrical cords
• Use extension cords only temporarily and
replace them with permanent wiring as soon as
possible
45. KEEP FLAMMABLE MATERIALS AWAY
FROM ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
• Keep flammable materials, such as paper or
cloth, away from electrical equipment
• Do not store flammable materials near electrical
equipment or wiring
46. KEEP ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AWAY
FROM CHILDREN AND PETS
• Keep electrical equipment away from children
and pets:
• Keep electrical cords and equipment out of
reach of children and pets
• Do not allow pets to chew on electrical cords
47. EDUCATE YOUR CHILDREN
• Teach children about the dangers of electricity
and how to use electrical equipment safely
• Keep electrical outlets covered with safety plugs
to prevent children from inserting objects into
them
• Do not let children play with electrical
equipment or cords
49. USE PROPER PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT (PPE):
• Wear appropriate PPE when working with
electrical equipment or wiring, such as insulated
gloves, safety glasses, and non-conductive
footwear
50. TRAIN EMPLOYEES ON ELECTRICAL
SAFETY:
• Provide training to employees on electrical
safety and the hazards associated with
electricity
• Train employees on proper procedures for
working with electrical equipment and wiring
• Ensure that employees understand and follow
safety guidelines
54. What have you learned?
Electrical safety is an essential aspect
of everyday life, both in the home and
workplace. Electrical hazards can be
deadly and cause significant damage to
property and equipment.
Alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) are two different types of electric current. The main differences between them are:
Direction of Flow: In direct current (DC), the electric charge flows in one direction only, from the positive terminal to the negative terminal. In alternating current (AC), the direction of the electric charge alternates back and forth in a cyclic manner.
Voltage: Direct current (DC) maintains a constant voltage, while the voltage of alternating current (AC) changes in a cyclical manner, going from zero to a positive maximum and back to zero, then to a negative maximum and back to zero again.
Frequency: The frequency of direct current (DC) is zero, while the frequency of alternating current (AC) is measured in Hertz (Hz) and typically ranges from 50 to 60 Hz.
Application: Direct current (DC) is commonly used in batteries, electronic devices, and some industrial processes. Alternating current (AC) is used in most homes and businesses for lighting, heating, and powering appliances.
Transmission: Direct current (DC) can only be transmitted over short distances due to power losses, while alternating current (AC) can be transmitted over long distances with much less loss of power.
In summary, direct current (DC) has a constant flow and voltage, while alternating current (AC) has a cyclical flow and changing voltage.
Alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) are two different types of electric current. The main differences between them are:
Direction of Flow: In direct current (DC), the electric charge flows in one direction only, from the positive terminal to the negative terminal. In alternating current (AC), the direction of the electric charge alternates back and forth in a cyclic manner.
Voltage: Direct current (DC) maintains a constant voltage, while the voltage of alternating current (AC) changes in a cyclical manner, going from zero to a positive maximum and back to zero, then to a negative maximum and back to zero again.
Frequency: The frequency of direct current (DC) is zero, while the frequency of alternating current (AC) is measured in Hertz (Hz) and typically ranges from 50 to 60 Hz.
Application: Direct current (DC) is commonly used in batteries, electronic devices, and some industrial processes. Alternating current (AC) is used in most homes and businesses for lighting, heating, and powering appliances.
Transmission: Direct current (DC) can only be transmitted over short distances due to power losses, while alternating current (AC) can be transmitted over long distances with much less loss of power.
In summary, direct current (DC) has a constant flow and voltage, while alternating current (AC) has a cyclical flow and changing voltage.
Electric power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transformed into an electrical circuit.
Simply put, it is a measure of how much energy is used in a span of time.
The electric watts of an appliance may vary depending on the make, model, and other factors. These values are approximate and may be used as a reference only. The electric watts are the amount of power used by the appliance when it is turned on.
Energy consumption refers to ALL the energy used to perform an action, manufacture something or simply inhabit a building.
Here are a few examples: In a factory, total energy consumption can be measured by looking at how much energy a production process consumes, for example, by making car parts.
dentify common electrical appliances and their power ratings:
Common electrical appliances include refrigerators, air conditioners, televisions, computers, and lighting fixtures.
Power ratings are typically listed in watts or kilowatts (kW) on the appliance or in the manufacturer's specifications. For example, a typical refrigerator might have a power rating of 150-200 watts.
Explain how to calculate energy consumption and costs:
To calculate energy consumption, multiply the power rating of the appliance by the number of hours it is used in a day, and then divide by 1000 to convert from watts to kilowatt-hours (kWh). For example, if a 200-watt refrigerator is used for 8 hours a day, the energy consumption would be 1.6 kWh per day (200 x 8 / 1000).
To calculate the cost of energy consumption, multiply the energy consumption by the cost per kilowatt-hour charged by the utility company. For example, if the cost of electricity is $0.12 per kWh, the cost of running the refrigerator would be $0.19 per day (1.6 x $0.12).
the power consumption of an appliance may vary depending on the make, model, and other factors. These values are approximate and may be used as a reference only. The power consumption per hour is equivalent to the kilowatt-hour (kWh) used by the appliance in an hour.
dentify common electrical appliances and their power ratings:
Common electrical appliances include refrigerators, air conditioners, televisions, computers, and lighting fixtures.
Power ratings are typically listed in watts or kilowatts (kW) on the appliance or in the manufacturer's specifications. For example, a typical refrigerator might have a power rating of 150-200 watts.
Explain how to calculate energy consumption and costs:
To calculate energy consumption, multiply the power rating of the appliance by the number of hours it is used in a day,
and then divide by 1000 to convert from watts to kilowatt-hours (kWh).
For example, if a 200-watt refrigerator is used for 8 hours a day, the energy consumption would be 1.6 kWh per day (200 x 8 / 1000).
To calculate the cost of energy consumption, multiply the energy consumption by the cost per kilowatt-hour charged by the utility company.
For example, if the cost of electricity is $0.12 per kWh, the cost of running the refrigerator would be $0.19 per day (1.6 x $0.12).
Residential Uses:
Residential uses of electricity include lighting, heating and cooling systems, and powering household appliances and electronics.
Lighting is one of the primary uses of electricity in homes, and incandescent bulbs have largely been replaced by more energy-efficient alternatives like LEDs and CFLs.
Heating and cooling systems, such as air conditioners and heaters, use significant amounts of electricity, and energy-efficient models can help reduce energy consumption and costs.
Household appliances and electronics that require electricity include refrigerators, washing machines, televisions, computers, and smartphones.
Commercial Uses:
Commercial uses of electricity include lighting, heating and cooling systems, and powering equipment and appliances in businesses and public buildings.
Lighting is also a primary use of electricity in commercial buildings, and energy-efficient lighting technologies like LEDs and motion sensors can help reduce energy consumption.
Heating and cooling systems in commercial buildings are typically more complex and may require additional equipment like boilers, chillers, and rooftop units.
Commercial uses of electricity also include powering equipment and appliances like copiers, printers, cash registers, and commercial kitchen appliances.
Energy conservation refers to the reduction of energy consumption through the use of efficient appliances, behaviors, and technologies.
Efficient use of electricity involves using electricity only when necessary, turning off appliances when not in use, and choosing energy-efficient appliances when purchasing new ones.
Energy conservation and efficient use of electricity are important to reduce energy costs, conserve natural resources, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Understanding the importance of energy conservation and efficient use of electricity is essential for several reasons:
Environmental protection: Energy conservation helps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, air and water pollution, and the depletion of natural resources. Conserving energy can help reduce the impact of energy production on the environment, and help to mitigate the effects of climate change.
Economic benefits: Efficient use of electricity can save money on energy bills, and can also help to reduce the overall demand for electricity. This can help to stabilize energy prices, reduce the need for new power plants, and promote economic growth.
Energy security: Energy conservation and efficient use of electricity can help to reduce our reliance on imported fuels and promote energy independence. This can help to increase energy security and reduce the risk of supply disruptions.
Personal health: Energy conservation and efficient use of electricity can also have direct health benefits. For example, reducing energy consumption can lead to lower levels of air pollution, which can help to reduce respiratory problems.
Social responsibility: Energy conservation and efficient use of electricity are also a matter of social responsibility. By reducing energy consumption, we are helping to ensure that future generations have access to the resources they need to meet their energy needs.
Overall, understanding the importance of energy conservation and efficient use of electricity can help us to make informed decisions about how we use energy, and can help to promote a more sustainable future for all.
WHAT HAPPENS IF WE WASTE ENERGY?
WHAT TO DO IF NAG BLACKOUT?
Here are some "Paint Me a Picture" prompts related to electrical hazards and safety precautions:
Paint me a picture of a room with multiple electrical hazards. What are the hazards, and what could be done to make the room safer?
Paint me a picture of a worker using electrical equipment in an unsafe manner. What are they doing wrong, and what could they do to work more safely?
Paint me a picture of a family using electrical appliances in their home. How can they ensure that they are using the appliances safely and efficiently?
Paint me a picture of an electrical emergency. What steps should someone take if they witness an electrical emergency, and how can they stay safe in the process?
Paint me a picture of a workplace with proper electrical safety measures in place. What does the workplace look like, and what measures have been taken to keep workers safe?
Sure, here are some roleplaying prompts that can be used for the safety hazards and precautions portion of the seminar:
You are a homeowner who has discovered that one of your electrical outlets is not functioning properly. Roleplay a conversation with an electrician who will guide you through the steps of safely diagnosing and fixing the problem.
You are a construction worker who is responsible for ensuring that your work area is free from electrical hazards. Roleplay a conversation with a safety inspector who will help you identify potential hazards and recommend ways to mitigate them.
You are a parent who wants to teach your child about electrical safety. Roleplay a conversation with your child, explaining the importance of never touching electrical appliances with wet hands and other safety precautions to take around the home.
You are a manager who wants to ensure that your employees are following proper electrical safety protocols in the workplace. Roleplay a conversation with an electrical safety trainer, discussing ways to reinforce safety messages and enforce safety policies.
You are an electrician who has been called to inspect a commercial property for potential electrical hazards. Roleplay a conversation with the property owner, explaining the potential hazards you've identified and offering recommendations for correcting them.
