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ENERGY USES, RISKS, PRECAUTIONS.ppt. ...
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- 4. DEFINE ELECTRICITY ANDDIFFERENTIATE DIRECT CURRENT AND ALTERNATING CURRENT UNDERSTAND AND EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENT USES OF ELECTRICITY PROVIDE INSIGHTS ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF ENERGY CONSERVATION AND EFFICIENT USE OF ELECTRICITY EXPLAIN THE CONCEPTS OF ELECTRIC POWER AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION
- 5. Electricity is theflow of electrons through a conductor. TWO TYPES DIRECT CURRENT ALTERNATING CURRENT There are two types of electricity: direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) DC flows in one direction only and is typically used in batteries and electronic devices. AC alternates between positive and negative cycles and is typically used for powering homes and businesses.
- 7. Electrical power isthe rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit. It is measured in watts (W).
- 8. Appliance Electric Watts Incandescentlight bulb (60W) 60 LED light bulb (9W) 9 Compact fluorescent bulb (15W) 15 Ceiling fan 10-60 Desktop computer 150-300 Laptop computer 20-60 Television (32-inch) 30-120 Refrigerator (10 cubic feet) 70-90 Microwave oven 700-1200 Electric oven 2000-5000 Electric water heater 3000-5000 Air conditioner (10,000 BTU) 900-1400
- 9. Energy consumption isthe amount of electrical energy consumed by an appliance over a given period of time. It is measured in kilowatt- hours (kWh).
- 10. Appliance Power Consumption (kWh) perhour Incandescent light bulb (60W) 0.06 LED light bulb (9W) 0.009 Compact fluorescent bulb (15W) 0.015 Ceiling fan 0.05-0.12 Desktop computer 0.06-0.25 Laptop computer 0.015-0.045 Television (32-inch) 0.03-0.12 Refrigerator (10 cubic feet) 0.4-0.6 Microwave oven 0.8-1.5 Electric oven 2-5 Electric water heater 3-5 Air conditioner (10,000 BTU) 0.9-1.4
- 11. Household appliances andelectronics that require electricity include refrigerators, washing machines, televisions, computers, and smartphones. Lighting is one of the primary uses of electricity in homes. Commercial uses of electricity also include powering equipment and appliances like copiers, printers, cash registers, and commercial kitchen appliances. Commercial uses of electricity include lighting, heating and cooling systems, and powering equipment and appliances in businesses and public buildings. Residential uses of electricity include lighting, heating and cooling systems, and powering household appliances and electronics.
- 12. Some examples ofmachinery and equipment that require high levels of electrical power include pumps, motors, conveyors, and compressors. In addition to powering machinery and equipment, electricity is also used for control and automation systems, such as programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and variable frequency drives (VFDs). Industrial uses of electricity include powering machinery and equipment, lighting, and heating and cooling systems in factories, manufacturing plants, and other industrial facilities.
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- 26. Correctly speaking, electricity isa hazard, as it has the potential to cause harm, but if properly managed, the likelihood of harm being caused is minimal. Although, the severity of electrical hazards (sometimes referred to as consequence) when things go wrong will potentially be fatality or life changing.
- 27. The most commoncause of fire in the Philippines is unattended electrical connections caused by octopus wiring and overloading. Majority of fire incidents occur due to faulty or defective electrical wiring. Among these are excessive use of extension cords, torn wires, and substandard electrical wires. Some people tend to set up electrical connections by themselves to save money from hiring a professional technician. Electrical Connections and Electrical Faults have been the top cause of fires in Metro Manila with an average of 53.85% of the total number of fires yearly.
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- 29. Electrical hazards maycause death or personal injury from: • electric shock • electric burn • electrical explosion or arcing, • fire or explosion initiated by electrical energy (where any such death or injury is associated with the generation, provision, transmission, transformation, rectification, conversion, conduction, distribution, control, storage, measurement or use of electrical energy’).
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- 32. Electrical explosion orArcing
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- 35. • Electric shockand burns from live wire contact • Fires from faulty wiring • Overloading circuits • Leaving electrical parts exposed • Electrocution or burns from lack of PPE • Explosions and fires from explosive and flammable substances. • Contact with overhead power lines • Electrical exposure to water
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- 39. Promoting safety: Toemphasize the importance of safety when using electricity and to provide practical tips for reducing the risk of electrical hazards. Preventing accidents: To help people understand how to prevent electrical accidents, such as electrical shock, burns, and fires. Encouraging responsibility: To encourage individuals to take responsibility for their own safety and to create a culture of safety in homes and workplaces.
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- 41. COMMON ELECTRICAL HAZARDS: • ElectricalShock • Electrical Fires • Burns • Electrical Explosions
- 42. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS TO REDUCETHE RISKS OF THESE SAFETY HAZARDS
- 43. USE ELECTRICAL OUTLETSAND EQUIPMENT SAFELY • Do not overload electrical outlets • Do not plug too many appliances into one outlet or extension cord • Use only extension cords that are designed for indoor use • Do not run extension cords under carpets or furniture • Unplug appliances when not in use • Do not touch electrical equipment or outlets with wet hands
- 44. KEEP ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTAND WIRING IN GOOD CONDITION • Have a licensed electrician inspect your electrical system at least once every ten years • Replace damaged or worn-out electrical cords or equipment • Do not use frayed or cracked electrical cords • Use extension cords only temporarily and replace them with permanent wiring as soon as possible
- 45. KEEP FLAMMABLE MATERIALSAWAY FROM ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT • Keep flammable materials, such as paper or cloth, away from electrical equipment • Do not store flammable materials near electrical equipment or wiring
- 46. KEEP ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTAWAY FROM CHILDREN AND PETS • Keep electrical equipment away from children and pets: • Keep electrical cords and equipment out of reach of children and pets • Do not allow pets to chew on electrical cords
- 47. EDUCATE YOUR CHILDREN •Teach children about the dangers of electricity and how to use electrical equipment safely • Keep electrical outlets covered with safety plugs to prevent children from inserting objects into them • Do not let children play with electrical equipment or cords
- 48. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN HANDLINGELECTRICITY IN THE WORKPLACE
- 49. USE PROPER PERSONALPROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE): • Wear appropriate PPE when working with electrical equipment or wiring, such as insulated gloves, safety glasses, and non-conductive footwear
- 50. TRAIN EMPLOYEES ONELECTRICAL SAFETY: • Provide training to employees on electrical safety and the hazards associated with electricity • Train employees on proper procedures for working with electrical equipment and wiring • Ensure that employees understand and follow safety guidelines
- 51. COMMON SAFETY PROTOCOLS TOFOLLOW WHEN ELECTRICAL HAZARDS OCCUR
- 52. PROTOCOLS • Notify others •Evacuate the area • Isolate the area • Assess the situation • Investigate the cause
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- 54. What have youlearned? Electrical safety is an essential aspect of everyday life, both in the home and workplace. Electrical hazards can be deadly and cause significant damage to property and equipment.
- 55. HOW WOULD YOUREACT TO THESE SITUATIONS?
- 56. FEEL FREE TOCHALLENGE THE SPEAKERS
- 57. THANK YOU FORPARTICIPATING!
Editor's Notes
- #6 Alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) are two different types of electric current. The main differences between them are: Direction of Flow: In direct current (DC), the electric charge flows in one direction only, from the positive terminal to the negative terminal. In alternating current (AC), the direction of the electric charge alternates back and forth in a cyclic manner. Voltage: Direct current (DC) maintains a constant voltage, while the voltage of alternating current (AC) changes in a cyclical manner, going from zero to a positive maximum and back to zero, then to a negative maximum and back to zero again. Frequency: The frequency of direct current (DC) is zero, while the frequency of alternating current (AC) is measured in Hertz (Hz) and typically ranges from 50 to 60 Hz. Application: Direct current (DC) is commonly used in batteries, electronic devices, and some industrial processes. Alternating current (AC) is used in most homes and businesses for lighting, heating, and powering appliances. Transmission: Direct current (DC) can only be transmitted over short distances due to power losses, while alternating current (AC) can be transmitted over long distances with much less loss of power. In summary, direct current (DC) has a constant flow and voltage, while alternating current (AC) has a cyclical flow and changing voltage.
- #7 Alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) are two different types of electric current. The main differences between them are: Direction of Flow: In direct current (DC), the electric charge flows in one direction only, from the positive terminal to the negative terminal. In alternating current (AC), the direction of the electric charge alternates back and forth in a cyclic manner. Voltage: Direct current (DC) maintains a constant voltage, while the voltage of alternating current (AC) changes in a cyclical manner, going from zero to a positive maximum and back to zero, then to a negative maximum and back to zero again. Frequency: The frequency of direct current (DC) is zero, while the frequency of alternating current (AC) is measured in Hertz (Hz) and typically ranges from 50 to 60 Hz. Application: Direct current (DC) is commonly used in batteries, electronic devices, and some industrial processes. Alternating current (AC) is used in most homes and businesses for lighting, heating, and powering appliances. Transmission: Direct current (DC) can only be transmitted over short distances due to power losses, while alternating current (AC) can be transmitted over long distances with much less loss of power. In summary, direct current (DC) has a constant flow and voltage, while alternating current (AC) has a cyclical flow and changing voltage.
- #8 Electric power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transformed into an electrical circuit. Simply put, it is a measure of how much energy is used in a span of time.
- #9 The electric watts of an appliance may vary depending on the make, model, and other factors. These values are approximate and may be used as a reference only. The electric watts are the amount of power used by the appliance when it is turned on.
- #10 Energy consumption refers to ALL the energy used to perform an action, manufacture something or simply inhabit a building. Here are a few examples: In a factory, total energy consumption can be measured by looking at how much energy a production process consumes, for example, by making car parts. dentify common electrical appliances and their power ratings: Common electrical appliances include refrigerators, air conditioners, televisions, computers, and lighting fixtures. Power ratings are typically listed in watts or kilowatts (kW) on the appliance or in the manufacturer's specifications. For example, a typical refrigerator might have a power rating of 150-200 watts. Explain how to calculate energy consumption and costs: To calculate energy consumption, multiply the power rating of the appliance by the number of hours it is used in a day, and then divide by 1000 to convert from watts to kilowatt-hours (kWh). For example, if a 200-watt refrigerator is used for 8 hours a day, the energy consumption would be 1.6 kWh per day (200 x 8 / 1000). To calculate the cost of energy consumption, multiply the energy consumption by the cost per kilowatt-hour charged by the utility company. For example, if the cost of electricity is $0.12 per kWh, the cost of running the refrigerator would be $0.19 per day (1.6 x $0.12).
- #11 the power consumption of an appliance may vary depending on the make, model, and other factors. These values are approximate and may be used as a reference only. The power consumption per hour is equivalent to the kilowatt-hour (kWh) used by the appliance in an hour. dentify common electrical appliances and their power ratings: Common electrical appliances include refrigerators, air conditioners, televisions, computers, and lighting fixtures. Power ratings are typically listed in watts or kilowatts (kW) on the appliance or in the manufacturer's specifications. For example, a typical refrigerator might have a power rating of 150-200 watts. Explain how to calculate energy consumption and costs: To calculate energy consumption, multiply the power rating of the appliance by the number of hours it is used in a day, and then divide by 1000 to convert from watts to kilowatt-hours (kWh). For example, if a 200-watt refrigerator is used for 8 hours a day, the energy consumption would be 1.6 kWh per day (200 x 8 / 1000). To calculate the cost of energy consumption, multiply the energy consumption by the cost per kilowatt-hour charged by the utility company. For example, if the cost of electricity is $0.12 per kWh, the cost of running the refrigerator would be $0.19 per day (1.6 x $0.12).
- #12 Residential Uses: Residential uses of electricity include lighting, heating and cooling systems, and powering household appliances and electronics. Lighting is one of the primary uses of electricity in homes, and incandescent bulbs have largely been replaced by more energy-efficient alternatives like LEDs and CFLs. Heating and cooling systems, such as air conditioners and heaters, use significant amounts of electricity, and energy-efficient models can help reduce energy consumption and costs. Household appliances and electronics that require electricity include refrigerators, washing machines, televisions, computers, and smartphones. Commercial Uses: Commercial uses of electricity include lighting, heating and cooling systems, and powering equipment and appliances in businesses and public buildings. Lighting is also a primary use of electricity in commercial buildings, and energy-efficient lighting technologies like LEDs and motion sensors can help reduce energy consumption. Heating and cooling systems in commercial buildings are typically more complex and may require additional equipment like boilers, chillers, and rooftop units. Commercial uses of electricity also include powering equipment and appliances like copiers, printers, cash registers, and commercial kitchen appliances.
- #24 Energy conservation refers to the reduction of energy consumption through the use of efficient appliances, behaviors, and technologies. Efficient use of electricity involves using electricity only when necessary, turning off appliances when not in use, and choosing energy-efficient appliances when purchasing new ones. Energy conservation and efficient use of electricity are important to reduce energy costs, conserve natural resources, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Understanding the importance of energy conservation and efficient use of electricity is essential for several reasons: Environmental protection: Energy conservation helps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, air and water pollution, and the depletion of natural resources. Conserving energy can help reduce the impact of energy production on the environment, and help to mitigate the effects of climate change. Economic benefits: Efficient use of electricity can save money on energy bills, and can also help to reduce the overall demand for electricity. This can help to stabilize energy prices, reduce the need for new power plants, and promote economic growth. Energy security: Energy conservation and efficient use of electricity can help to reduce our reliance on imported fuels and promote energy independence. This can help to increase energy security and reduce the risk of supply disruptions. Personal health: Energy conservation and efficient use of electricity can also have direct health benefits. For example, reducing energy consumption can lead to lower levels of air pollution, which can help to reduce respiratory problems. Social responsibility: Energy conservation and efficient use of electricity are also a matter of social responsibility. By reducing energy consumption, we are helping to ensure that future generations have access to the resources they need to meet their energy needs. Overall, understanding the importance of energy conservation and efficient use of electricity can help us to make informed decisions about how we use energy, and can help to promote a more sustainable future for all.
- #56 WHAT HAPPENS IF WE WASTE ENERGY? WHAT TO DO IF NAG BLACKOUT? Here are some "Paint Me a Picture" prompts related to electrical hazards and safety precautions: Paint me a picture of a room with multiple electrical hazards. What are the hazards, and what could be done to make the room safer? Paint me a picture of a worker using electrical equipment in an unsafe manner. What are they doing wrong, and what could they do to work more safely? Paint me a picture of a family using electrical appliances in their home. How can they ensure that they are using the appliances safely and efficiently? Paint me a picture of an electrical emergency. What steps should someone take if they witness an electrical emergency, and how can they stay safe in the process? Paint me a picture of a workplace with proper electrical safety measures in place. What does the workplace look like, and what measures have been taken to keep workers safe? Sure, here are some roleplaying prompts that can be used for the safety hazards and precautions portion of the seminar: You are a homeowner who has discovered that one of your electrical outlets is not functioning properly. Roleplay a conversation with an electrician who will guide you through the steps of safely diagnosing and fixing the problem. You are a construction worker who is responsible for ensuring that your work area is free from electrical hazards. Roleplay a conversation with a safety inspector who will help you identify potential hazards and recommend ways to mitigate them. You are a parent who wants to teach your child about electrical safety. Roleplay a conversation with your child, explaining the importance of never touching electrical appliances with wet hands and other safety precautions to take around the home. You are a manager who wants to ensure that your employees are following proper electrical safety protocols in the workplace. Roleplay a conversation with an electrical safety trainer, discussing ways to reinforce safety messages and enforce safety policies. You are an electrician who has been called to inspect a commercial property for potential electrical hazards. Roleplay a conversation with the property owner, explaining the potential hazards you've identified and offering recommendations for correcting them.