Global issue based power generation expansion planning for a power systemeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
optimization of the managed electrical energy within a hybrid renewable energ...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Hybrid energy applications based on renewable energy sources are becoming more and more desirable every day. They have increased the economic attractiveness of renewable electric energy generation. Because of the sudden fluctuations of the load requirements, the main attribute of such Hybrid Systems is to be able to generate energy at any time by optimally using each source. In this article, we have proposed a combination between a sizing study and a control one for the aim of solving the complex optimization problem of finding the optimal combination of size and storage to make the best use of the renewable power generations and to become more independent of rising electricity costs. Additionally, an improvement in the induced optimization algorithm is introduced in this paper so as to compute the optimal size and the operation control of the system with the aim of minimizing as much as possible the cost while responding to the load energy requirements taking into account the environmental factors.
This article represents results of an unbiased, factual, and scientifically valid analysis
of all available data on ecological, economic, and social indicators of energy
technologies and of how they influence sustainable development indicators. It marks out
indicators characterizing the impact of energy technologies on the environment providing
specific values to all energy sources considered (coal, gas, hydro, wind, solar, and
nuclear). The article demonstrates that renewable energy sources and nuclear power are
characterized by the best ecological indicators. The article also reveals that the most
efficient energy technologies for promoting sustainable development are natural gas and
nuclear power.
Global issue based power generation expansion planning for a power systemeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
optimization of the managed electrical energy within a hybrid renewable energ...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Hybrid energy applications based on renewable energy sources are becoming more and more desirable every day. They have increased the economic attractiveness of renewable electric energy generation. Because of the sudden fluctuations of the load requirements, the main attribute of such Hybrid Systems is to be able to generate energy at any time by optimally using each source. In this article, we have proposed a combination between a sizing study and a control one for the aim of solving the complex optimization problem of finding the optimal combination of size and storage to make the best use of the renewable power generations and to become more independent of rising electricity costs. Additionally, an improvement in the induced optimization algorithm is introduced in this paper so as to compute the optimal size and the operation control of the system with the aim of minimizing as much as possible the cost while responding to the load energy requirements taking into account the environmental factors.
This article represents results of an unbiased, factual, and scientifically valid analysis
of all available data on ecological, economic, and social indicators of energy
technologies and of how they influence sustainable development indicators. It marks out
indicators characterizing the impact of energy technologies on the environment providing
specific values to all energy sources considered (coal, gas, hydro, wind, solar, and
nuclear). The article demonstrates that renewable energy sources and nuclear power are
characterized by the best ecological indicators. The article also reveals that the most
efficient energy technologies for promoting sustainable development are natural gas and
nuclear power.
Cullen reducing energy demand EST 2011morosini1952
Reducing Energy Demand: What Are the Practical Limits?
Jonathan M. Cullen, Julian M. Allwood*, and Edward H. Borgstein
Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 4, 1711–1718
Publication Date:January 12, 2011
https://doi.org/10.1021/es102641n
Abstract
Concern over the global energy system, whether driven by climate change, national security, or fears of shortage, is being discussed widely and in every arena but with a bias toward energy supply options. While demand reduction is often mentioned in passing, it is rarely a priority for implementation, whether through policy or through the search for innovation. This paper aims to draw attention to the opportunity for major reduction in energy demand, by presenting an analysis of how much of current global energy demand could be avoided. Previous work led to a “map” of global energy use that traces the flow of energy from primary sources (fuels or renewable sources), through fuel refinery, electricity generation, and end-use conversion devices, to passive systems and the delivery of final energy services (transport, illumination, and sustenance). The key passive systems are presented here and analyzed through simple engineering models with scalar equations using data based on current global practice. Physically credible options for change to key design parameters are identified and used to predict the energy savings possible for each system. The result demonstrates that 73% of global energy use could be saved by practically achievable design changes to passive systems. This reduction could be increased by further efficiency improvements in conversion devices. A list of the solutions required to achieve these savings is provided.
OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CARBON FOOT PRINTI...ijiert bestjournal
A review is done on the different methods to reduce the carbon emission ultimately the carbon footprint in the different sectors in the perceptive of the renewable sources. In method for the Regional energy targeting along with the supply chain synthesis different algorithms are proposed such as Regional Energy Clustering (REC) for the biomass supply chains. Some method as are based on the scheduling the manufacturing processes in process industries so as to reduce the carbon footprint and energy consumption. Here in this paper methods are proposed to reduce the carbon footprint in architecture firms are also discussed which the sources of CO2 emission are also . Last,role of re newable sources to reduce the carbon footprint and comparison is done among them by 2020.
Watch the video accompanying these slides at http://www.policyexchange.org.uk/modevents/item/the-future-of-the-ets-in-europe-s-climate-strategy
Slides from the German Institute for Economic Research's Dr Karsten Neuhoff. Presented at Policy Exchange's event "The future of the ETS in Europe’s climate strategy"
Energy Models and Scenarios - predicting Germany's electricity production sys...Justice Okoroma
The modeling, simulation and optimization of Germany’s electricity production system was done using the EnergyPLAN macro-modelling tool. A Reference Energy model for 10 years was built, analysed and validated. Simulation and comparative discussion of 3 different scenarios (including Business as Usual) were done. The best scenario was selected by applying the Multi-Criteria Method, and finally, LP optimization of the composition of the installed power capacity in 2020 and 2040 was performed.
Model for Evaluating CO2 Emissions and the Projection of the Transport Sector IJECEIAES
This article presents a system dynamics model to analyze the growth of cars and the effect of different policies on carbon emissions from the transport sector. The simulation model used in this work was built using the methodology of systems dynamics (SD) developed by Jay W. Forrester at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The model was applied to the transport sector of the city of Bogota, Colombia for a period of time between 2005 and 2050. The information used to feed the model comes from reliable sources such as DANE (National Administrative Department of Statistics) and EIA (U.S Energy Information Administration). Four scenarios were proposed that relate urban development policy and environmental policy. The main results indicate that the number of cars in Bogota can reach up to 13 million vehicles in 2050 and the projection of CO2 emissions would reach 34 million TonCO2 in the absence of an appropriate environmental policy.
Explaining the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The aim of this paper is to explore the energy consumption-economic growth nexus for four emerging countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China – the BRIC countries) over the period 1989-2014. By applying a set of recent panel data models, we show that increases in real per capita GDP have a positive and statistically significant effect on per capita energy consumption (and vice-versa). In the long term, a 1% increase in real per capita GDP raises the energy consumption per capita by about 0.56-0.67% while a 1% increase in per capita energy use increases the real per capita GDP by about 0,87-1.69%. Thus, the impact of real GDP on energy consumption is less important than vice versa.
Environmental modelling on Energy ConservationSifat Islam
This slide shows about environmental modelling systems on energy conservation. Here in the slide that describes the energy should conserved for next world. We can find easy way to make the energy supply demand model, forecasting model, cost efficient commercial energy model and renewable energy models.
Brand archetypes aren't new, but many businesses are finding new ways to use these ancient character types to transform their brand in the new social economy.
Learn about the 12 brand archetypes, discover which ones suit your brand, and start developing your own brand archetype with this easy to follow guide.
Cullen reducing energy demand EST 2011morosini1952
Reducing Energy Demand: What Are the Practical Limits?
Jonathan M. Cullen, Julian M. Allwood*, and Edward H. Borgstein
Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 4, 1711–1718
Publication Date:January 12, 2011
https://doi.org/10.1021/es102641n
Abstract
Concern over the global energy system, whether driven by climate change, national security, or fears of shortage, is being discussed widely and in every arena but with a bias toward energy supply options. While demand reduction is often mentioned in passing, it is rarely a priority for implementation, whether through policy or through the search for innovation. This paper aims to draw attention to the opportunity for major reduction in energy demand, by presenting an analysis of how much of current global energy demand could be avoided. Previous work led to a “map” of global energy use that traces the flow of energy from primary sources (fuels or renewable sources), through fuel refinery, electricity generation, and end-use conversion devices, to passive systems and the delivery of final energy services (transport, illumination, and sustenance). The key passive systems are presented here and analyzed through simple engineering models with scalar equations using data based on current global practice. Physically credible options for change to key design parameters are identified and used to predict the energy savings possible for each system. The result demonstrates that 73% of global energy use could be saved by practically achievable design changes to passive systems. This reduction could be increased by further efficiency improvements in conversion devices. A list of the solutions required to achieve these savings is provided.
OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CARBON FOOT PRINTI...ijiert bestjournal
A review is done on the different methods to reduce the carbon emission ultimately the carbon footprint in the different sectors in the perceptive of the renewable sources. In method for the Regional energy targeting along with the supply chain synthesis different algorithms are proposed such as Regional Energy Clustering (REC) for the biomass supply chains. Some method as are based on the scheduling the manufacturing processes in process industries so as to reduce the carbon footprint and energy consumption. Here in this paper methods are proposed to reduce the carbon footprint in architecture firms are also discussed which the sources of CO2 emission are also . Last,role of re newable sources to reduce the carbon footprint and comparison is done among them by 2020.
Watch the video accompanying these slides at http://www.policyexchange.org.uk/modevents/item/the-future-of-the-ets-in-europe-s-climate-strategy
Slides from the German Institute for Economic Research's Dr Karsten Neuhoff. Presented at Policy Exchange's event "The future of the ETS in Europe’s climate strategy"
Energy Models and Scenarios - predicting Germany's electricity production sys...Justice Okoroma
The modeling, simulation and optimization of Germany’s electricity production system was done using the EnergyPLAN macro-modelling tool. A Reference Energy model for 10 years was built, analysed and validated. Simulation and comparative discussion of 3 different scenarios (including Business as Usual) were done. The best scenario was selected by applying the Multi-Criteria Method, and finally, LP optimization of the composition of the installed power capacity in 2020 and 2040 was performed.
Model for Evaluating CO2 Emissions and the Projection of the Transport Sector IJECEIAES
This article presents a system dynamics model to analyze the growth of cars and the effect of different policies on carbon emissions from the transport sector. The simulation model used in this work was built using the methodology of systems dynamics (SD) developed by Jay W. Forrester at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The model was applied to the transport sector of the city of Bogota, Colombia for a period of time between 2005 and 2050. The information used to feed the model comes from reliable sources such as DANE (National Administrative Department of Statistics) and EIA (U.S Energy Information Administration). Four scenarios were proposed that relate urban development policy and environmental policy. The main results indicate that the number of cars in Bogota can reach up to 13 million vehicles in 2050 and the projection of CO2 emissions would reach 34 million TonCO2 in the absence of an appropriate environmental policy.
Explaining the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The aim of this paper is to explore the energy consumption-economic growth nexus for four emerging countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China – the BRIC countries) over the period 1989-2014. By applying a set of recent panel data models, we show that increases in real per capita GDP have a positive and statistically significant effect on per capita energy consumption (and vice-versa). In the long term, a 1% increase in real per capita GDP raises the energy consumption per capita by about 0.56-0.67% while a 1% increase in per capita energy use increases the real per capita GDP by about 0,87-1.69%. Thus, the impact of real GDP on energy consumption is less important than vice versa.
Environmental modelling on Energy ConservationSifat Islam
This slide shows about environmental modelling systems on energy conservation. Here in the slide that describes the energy should conserved for next world. We can find easy way to make the energy supply demand model, forecasting model, cost efficient commercial energy model and renewable energy models.
Brand archetypes aren't new, but many businesses are finding new ways to use these ancient character types to transform their brand in the new social economy.
Learn about the 12 brand archetypes, discover which ones suit your brand, and start developing your own brand archetype with this easy to follow guide.
Archetype Overview with brand examples & character compass Emily Hean
A brief overview of Archetypes from The Hero and the Outlaw by Margaret Mark and Carol S. Pearson. Demonstration of archetypes in classical and pop culture as well as brand examples and alternate names for each archetype.
This is a marketing powerpoint on marketing strategies. the information is from http://www.knowthis.com/principles-of-marketing-tutorials/marketing-planning-and-strategy/
What does energy efficiency matter? Energy efficiency is the single most cost-effective way of lowering greenhouse gas emissions and an essential component of any strategy to reach long-term emission reduction goals. It also boosts economic productivity, improves energy security, reduces expenditure on fuels and energy infrastructure, reduces air pollution and develops the energy services industry.
If Australia improved its energy efficiency by just an extra one per cent each year it would generate an additional $8 billion in GDP by 2020 and $26 billion by 2030. This is an important contribution to improving Australia’s productivity, as well as cutting our energy bills and carbon pollution.
For more information please visit www.climateinstitute.org.au/boosting-australias-energy-productivity.html
Policymakers around the globe have recognized the challenges of climate changes, even though 80% of energy supplies today is dependent on depleting non-renewable energy, globally (Wüstenhagen and Menichetti, 2012). However, fossil fuels and its efficiencies are very much dependent upon cutting–edge technologies and also maximizing the utilization of tertiary methods like enhanced oil recovery (EOR) utilizing CO2 that must provide comprehensive solutions to maximize its revenue and shareholder values going forward (Simkins and Simkins, 2013).
Robert Wilkins, Danfoss: Lean and Clean: Equipping Modern ManufacturersAlliance To Save Energy
On Friday, March 19, Alliance staff and industry experts discussed energy efficiency's role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the industrial sector. http://ase.org/content/article/detail/6517
Robert Wilkins, Danfoss: Lean and Clean: Equipping Modern Manufacturersguest3e1229f
On Friday, March 19, Alliance staff and industry experts discussed energy efficiency's role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the industrial sector.
Kateri Callahan joined Israeli mayors and senior representatives from local Tel Aviv authorities and agencies to discuss the challenges and potential for Israeli cities in deploying energy efficiency at scale. Showcasing success stories and case studies from the U.S. and around the world, Callahan demonstrated the economic, environmental, and security benefits of advancing programs, technologies, funding and infrastructure that promote efficient energy use.
Energy Management Impact on Distributed Control Systems (DCS) in Industrial E...Schneider Electric
Today, the pressure is on enterprises to meet environmental targets. The prospect of losing business if sustainability objectives are not met is very real. This is leading to a future where top environmental performers will become market leaders. To remain competitive, companies need to produce goods in an energy efficient manner. This paper examines industrial efficiency improvement measures that focus on equipment, process, and people.
Leasing & Energy Allocations in Commercial BuildingsBetterBricks
While leases vary widely in their treatment of energy costs, most are a variation on one of the following themes: gross, net, or fixed-base. Each takes a different approach in allocating utility costs – and potential savings – among owners and tenants. With a thorough understanding of these allocations and a concerted effort to align lease terms with high performance objectives, you can pursue energy targets profitably in virtually any leasing environment.
The definition of a “green” building is often in the eye of the beholder. Rating or certifying a green building helps to remove that subjectivity. Rating a green building informs tenants and the public about the environmental benefits of a property, and discloses the additional innovation and effort the owner has invested to achieve a high performance building.
Energy Transparency & Reporting for Commercial BuildingsBetterBricks
Internal energy reporting is analogous to open-book accounting. Regardless of where you are in developing a high performance portfolio, transparency will accelerate success. Sharing information across your organization helps reinforce accountability for energy performance, and alerts building staff if their properties are falling short of goals.
Energy Tracking & Accounting for Commercial BuildingsBetterBricks
Knowing how a building uses energy over time – whether over a day or over a period of years – is
critical to managing operating expenses and improving energy performance. A variety of tools and resources are available to track and monitor building energy consumption, costs, and other metrics.
Energy Efficient Purchasing Guidelines for Commercial BuildingsBetterBricks
68% of electricity in office buildings is used to power frequently purchased items such as office
appliances and lighting. Managing and vetting the quality, type, and performance levels of equipment placed in your buildings can have a large impact on the overall energy efficiency of your portfolio.
Energy Efficiency, Myths and MisperceptionsBetterBricks
Energy use in office buildings has long represented an excellent opportunity to reduce costs and build value. Now, with the growing influence of the sustainable building movement, changing dynamics in the marketplace, and greater attention to current and future energy costs, improving building performance is accelerating as a winning business strategy.
Whether through tenant demands, investor
pressures, regulatory and legal requirements, or the influence of sustainable business practices
– accounting for and managing your building’s “carbon footprint” will likely affect your competitive standing and the bottom-line.
Whether through tenant demands, investor
pressures, regulatory and legal requirements, or the influence of sustainable business practices – accounting for and managing your building’s “carbon footprint” will likely affect your competitive standing and the bottom-line.
Whether through tenant demands, investor
pressures, regulatory and legal requirements, or the influence of sustainable business practices
– accounting for and managing your building’s “carbon footprint” will likely affect your competitive standing and the bottom-line.
Building tune ups for commercial buildingsBetterBricks
A building tune-up is a periodic (every 2-3 years) process intended to identify and implement cost effective operational improvements that will improve a building’s energy performance, given current operating conditions and occupant needs. Changes resulting from a building tune-up usually require minimal investments and can be accomplished through simple equipment adjustments or reprogramming of controls
As more and more building owners, managers and tenants begin incorporating environmental
stewardship and sustainability into their real estate operations, the concept of “green leasing”
continues to move into the mainstream. Green leasing is a natural extension of the green building
movement, which seeks to provide healthy, resource-friendly buildings that are operated efficiently with regards to energy and water use as well as waste disposal.
1. Energy in Healthcare Fact Sheet
Accompaniment to Targeting 100 Research Study
May 12, 2010
Energy Usage and Carbon Output:
Healthcare facilities consume four percent of the total energy consumed in the U.S., including
all energy used by industry, transportation and buildings. Energy Information Administration
(EIA1)
Hospitals use 836 trillion BTUs of energy annually and have more than 2.5 times the energy
intensity and carbon dioxide emissions of commercial office buildings, producing more than 30
pounds of CO2 emissions per square foot. U.S. Dept. of Energy (DOE2)
One average-sized U.S. hospital produces approximately 18,000 tons of carbon dioxide
annually. (Targeting 100)
Definition of Energy Use Index (EUI): Total amount of energy used by a building (electricity
and natural gas) per square foot of floor area, measured on an annual basis to establish
baseline energy use. The EUI value for a building is used in a similar manner as MPG is used to
describe the efficiency of an automobile.
Average Northwest hospital energy use or EUI, is 270 KBtu/sq.ft.yr. (Commercial Buildings
Energy Consumption Survey – CBECS); “Targeting 100” effort aims to reduce energy use in
Pacific Northwest hospitals to 100 KBtu/sq.ft.yr.
As reference, an average office building in the Puget Sound region has an EUI of approximately
90 KBtu.sq.ft.yr. (CBECS). The highest performing new office buildings in Puget Sound have an
EUI of less than 40 KBtu/sq.ft.yr. The highest performing office buildings being designed in
Puget Sound today have modeled EUI’s of less than 25 KBtu/sq.ft.yr.
From a sample of Northwest hospitals, approximately 50 percent of the energy used is for
heating either water or space (Targeting 100).
Costs and Savings:
Savings accrued by energy efficiency strategies are significant, especially when viewed as part
of net operating income for a non-profit hospital.
o For a hospital with a four percent net margin, it takes $25 of gross revenue to generate
$1 of net operating income. That is, $25 worth of services must be provided to yield $1
of profit or net-operating income. (Targeting 100)
o U.S. hospitals spend over $5 billion annually on energy, often equaling 1 to 3 percent of
a typical hospital’s operating budget or an estimated 15 percent of profits. (DOE4)
In the U.S., the health sector’s use of electricity adds over $600 million per year in direct
health costs and over $5 billion in indirect costs. World Health Organization (WHO3)
The energy cost savings of the Targeting 100 options over a typical hospital is approximately $1
million per year. The savings between a new code compliant hospital and the Targeting 100
hospital is approximately $730,000 per year. (Targeting 100)
Legacy Health is implementing a strategic energy resource plan that has the potential to save
$1.4 million to $2 million annually.
2. For an existing hospital no-and low-cost energy strategies can also yield substantial energy savings.
Hospitals can expect between 10-20 percent energy cost reductions from tune-ups and improved
operations. Most efficiency investments yield returns of 10 percent or more. (Legacy Case Study)
Targeting 100 Study Findings:
Prototypical architectural schemes for newly constructed hospitals (based on BetterBricks initiative
research in the Seattle market, from Targeting 100 project) were able to achieve more than a 60
percent reduction in energy use from typical operational examples.
Using the prototype from above and calculating a whole building utility incentive, a high level of
energy efficiency could be achieved for an overall premium of only 2 percent of the total project cost,
meeting the 2030 Challenge for 2010. (Targeting 100)
If utility incentives are not available, that figure could increase to 3 percent of up-front capital
investment.
Simple payback: With whole building utility incentives, the first cost investment could be recaptured
in less than five years. Without utility incentives, cost investment could be recaptured in less than
eight years. (Targeting 100)
If one hospital adopts these strategies, this will save over 7,800 tons of carbon, which is equivalent to
taking over 1300 passenger cars off the road or planting over 300,000 trees. This is compared to
average operational hospitals in this climate today. (Targeting 100)
1
EIA, 2006 Energy Information Administration (EIA), Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS):
Consumption and Expenditures Tables. “Table C3A”. US Department of Energy, 2006.
Architecture 2030. “The 2030 Challenge”. http://www.architecture2030.org/2030_challenge/index.html.
CBECS 2006 estimates energy consumption of all healthcare buildings at 594 trillion Btu of 6,523 trillion Btu for all
buildings, thus 9 percent of all buildings’ energy use. Architecture 2030 estimates that buildings use 48 percent of
all source energy in the U.S. with industry and transportation sharing the remaining energy. Therefore, healthcare
uses 4 percent of all site energy in the U.S.
2
http://www.energy.gov/news2009/7363.htm
3
http://www.who.int/globalchange/publications/climatefootprint_report.pdf
4
http://www.energy.gov/news2009/7363.htm
Contact Information
Sonya Poland, Communications Director
NBBJ
206.223.5018
spoland@nbbj.com
Therese Lang, Senior PR Manager
Coates Kokes for NEEA’s BetterBricks Initiative
503.214.1125
therse@coateskokes.com