The document proposes two new energy-efficient medium access control (MAC) protocols for wireless sensor networks used in railway monitoring applications. The protocols aim to minimize idle time during data transmission to improve energy efficiency for sensors with limited battery power. Both analytical and simulation results are presented showing the proposed protocols, EA-TDMA and E-BMA, achieve better energy efficiency than existing TDMA and BMA protocols. The protocols could enable monitoring of train health, track conditions and detect issues to improve railway safety.

1. ENERGY-EFFICIENT WIRELESS MAC PROTOCOLSFOR
RAILWAY MONITORING APPLICATIONS
ABSTRACT:
Recent advances in wireless sensor networking(WSN) techniques have encouraged
interest in the development of vehicle health monitoring (VHM) systems. These have the
potential for use in the monitoring of railway signaling systems and rail tracks. Energy
efficiency is one of the most important design factors for the WSNs as the typical sensor
nodes are equipped with limited power batteries. In earlier research, an energy-efficient
cluster-based adaptive time-division multiple access(TDMA) medium-access-control (MAC)
protocol, named EA-TDMA, has been developed by the authors for the purpose of
communication between the sensors placed in a railway wagon. This paper proposes another
new protocol, named E-BMA, which achieves even better energy efficiency for low and
medium traffic by minimizing the idle time during the contention period. In addition to
railway applications, the EA-TDMA and E-BMA protocols are suitable for generic wireless
data communication purposes. Both analytical and simulation results for the energy
consumption of TDMA, EA-TDMA, BMA, and E-BMA have been presented in this paper to
demonstrate the superiority of the EA-TDMA andE-BMA protocols.
EXISTING SYSTEM:
WITH the increased demand for railway services, railway monitoring systems
continue to advance at a remarkable pace to maintain reliable, safe, and secure operation. The
lack of safety and security monitoring of railway infrastructure runs the risk of train collision,
train derailment, terrorist threats, and failures in the train wagons, etc. The performance of
rail vehicles running on tracks is limited by the lateral instability inherent to the design of the
wagon’s steering and the response of the railway wagon to individual or combined track
irregularities. Railway track irregularities need to be kept within safe operating margins by
undertaking appropriate maintenance programs. Track geometry inspection and monitoring
enhances train-operating safety and reduced vehicle and track dynamic interaction.

2. PROPOSED SYSTEM:
In this project, we are going to implementing and monitoring using 2-wireless sensor
network. And we can also use 3-wireless sensor network, using dot net application and
TCP/IP protocol to implementation and monitoring in railway application.
The potential of WSN technology to monitor the railway wagon health condition and
the vertical displacement of railway wagons due to track irregularities has yet to be fully
explored. The limited lifetime of the batteries that power the sensor nodes makes the energy
efficiency a major design issue for WSNs. This paper concentrates on developing an energyefficient WSN MAC protocol to collect data from sensor nodes that are placed inside the
railway wagons and send the data to the locomotive for further precautionary actions to
prevent any future disastrous events. Although the proposed energy-efficient protocol is
designed with the railway applications in mind, it is applicable to generic wireless data
communication purposes.
HARDWARE REQURIMENT:
1. ARM microcontroller
2. ZIGBEE
3. PC
4. Power supply
SOFTWARE REQURIMENT:
1. Keil IDE
2. Visual studio
3. Flash magic

3. BLOCK DIAGRAM:
ZIGBEE
ZIGBEE
ZIGBEE
ARM
MICROCONTROLLER
PC
(VB.NET)
GPRS Wireless
Transmission Module
GPRS Wireless
Transmission
Module